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Lect2 - 1 11 2011 PDF
Lect2 - 1 11 2011 PDF
Lect2 - 1 11 2011 PDF
Ribbed and hollow block slabs Ribbed slabs consist of regularly spaced ribs monolithically built with a toping slab. The voids between the ribs may be either light material such as hollow blocks [figure 1] or it may be left unfilled [figure 2].
Topping slab
Rib
Hollow block
Ribbed and hollow block slabs The main advantage of using hollow blocks is the reduction in weight by removing the part of the concrete below the neutral axis. Additional advantages are: 1- Ease of construction. 2 Hollow 2H ll bl k make blocks k it possible ibl to t have h smooth th ceiling ili which hi h is i often required for architectural considerations. 3- Provides good sound and temperature insulation properties. 3 Hollow block floors proved economic for spans of more than 5 m with light or moderate live loads, such as hospitals, offices or residential buildings. They are not suitable for structures having h heavy li loads live l d such h as warehouses h or parking ki garages.
One-way v.s two-way ribbed slabs If the ribs are provided in one direction only, only the slab is classified as being one-way, regardless of the ratio of longer to shorter panel dimensions. It is classified as two-way if the ribs are provided in two directions. One way spans typically span in the shorter direction. One way ribbed slabs may be used for spans up to 6 - 6.5 m.
One-way slab
Two-way slab
Key components of ribbed slabs ACI C 8. 8.13.6.1 3.6. Topping slab thickness (t) is not to be less than 1/12 the clear distance (lc) between ribs, nor less than 50 mm
a. Topping slab:
lc t 12 50 mm
lc
Slab thickness ( (t) )
Shrinkage reinforcement is provided in the topping slab in both directions in a mesh form.
Ribs are not to be less than 100 mm in width, and a depth of not more than th 3.5 3 5 times ti th minimum the i i web b width idth and d clear l spacing i between ribs is not to exceed 750 mm. ACI 8.13.2 ACI 8.13.3 l 750 mm
c
h 3.5 bw
bw 100
Key components of ribbed slabs ACI 8.13.8 Shear strength provided by rib concrete Vc may be taken 10% greater than those for beams.
Shear strength: g
Flexural strength:
Ribs are designed as rectangular beams in the regions of negative moment at the supports and as T-shaped beams in the regions of positive moments between the supports. Effective ff i flange fl width id h be is i taken k as half h lf the h distance di b between ribs, ib center-to-center. b
e
Hollow blocks do not contribute to the strength of the slab. In fact, they y impose p an additional weight g on the slab. In some cases, , blocks made of polystyrene, which is 1/15 of the weight of concrete blocks, are used. To avoid shear failures, the blocks are terminated near the support and replaced p by y solid p parts. Solid p parts are made under p partitions and concentrated walls. To avoid cracking due to shrinkage in top concrete flange, flange the concrete blocks should be watered prior to concrete placing.
Cross (distribution) ribs Transversal ribs or cross ribs are added to one one-way way hollow block floors for better distribution of the applied loads. They also help in distributing the concentrated loads due to walls in the transverse direction. The bottom reinforcement is taken as the reinforcement in the main ribs, and the top reinforcement should be taken at least of th bottom the b tt reinforcement. i f t Cross C ribs ib are usually ll 10 cm wide. id Arrangement of regularly spaced cross rib according to Egyptian code:
No cross ribs
Arrangement of hollow blocks and width of hidden beams The number of blocks in each direction must be specified on the construction drawings. Thus, the layout of the blocks must be positioned so that enough solid parts are present near the supporting beams. The normal width of solid part ranges between 0.8-2.0 m for floors with hidden beams and ranges between 0.2-0.5 m for floors with ith projected j t d beams. b The number of blocks (having sizes of 40 25 cm in plan) and the width of the beams must satisfy: In the rib direction (mm): P Perpendicular di l to t rib ib direction di ti (mm): ( )
Minimum Cover
ACI 7.7.1
a - Concrete exposed to earth or weather for <16mm------40 mm and for >16mm----- 50 mm b - Concrete not exposed to earth or weather for <32mm------20 mm, otherwise ------ 40 mm
tiles (2.5cm thick) =0.02523 = 0.575 kN/m2 cement mortar (2.5cm thick) =0.02521 = 0.525 kN/m2 sand (5.0cm thick) =0.0518 = 0.9 kN/m2 plaster (1.5cm thick) =0.015 0.01521 = 0.315 kN/m2
2.5 2 5 cm 2.5 cm 5 cm
slab 1.5 cm
plaster
This load is usually taken as the weight of all walls (weight of 1m span of wall total spans of all walls) carried by the slab divided by the floor area and treated as a dead load rather than a live load.
To calculate the weight of 1m span of wall: Each 1m2 surface of wall contains 12.5 blocks A bl block k with i h thickness hi k 10 weighs 10cm i h 10 kg k A block with thickness 20cm weighs 20 kg Each face of 1m2 surface has 30kg plaster Load / 1m2 surface for 10 cm block = 12.5 10 +230=185 kg/m2 = 1.85 kN/m2 Load / 1m2 surface for 20 cm block = 12.5 20 +230=310 kg/m2 = 3.1 kN/m2
20 cm
Weight of 1m span of wall with height 3m: For 10 cm block wt. = 1.85 kN/m2 3 = 5.6 kN/m For 20 cm block wt. = 3.1 kN/m2 3 = 9.3 kN/m
Example
Find the total ultimate load per rib for the ribbed slab shown: Assume depth of slab = 25 cm (20cm block +5cm toping slab) Hollow blocks are 40 cm 25 cm 20 cm in dimension Assume ribs have 10 cm width of web Assume equivalent partition load = 0.75 kN/m2 Consider live load = 2 kN/m2.
Solution
Total volume (hatched) = 0.5 0.25 0.25 = 0.03125 m3 Volume of one hollow block = 0.4 0.20 0.25 = 0.02 m3 Net concrete volume = 0.03125 - 0.02 = 0.01125 m3 Weight of concrete = 0.01125 25= 0.28125 kN Weight of concrete /m2 = 0.28125 /[(0.5)(0.25)] = 2.25 kN/m2 Weight of hollow blocks /m2 = 0.2/[(0.5)(0.25)] = 1.6 kN/m2 Total slab own weight weight= 2.25 2 25 + 1.6 1 6 = 3.85 3 85 kN/m2
Minimum live Load values on slabs Type of Use Uniform Live Load
kN/m2
Residential Residential balconies Computer use Offices Warehouses Light storage Heavy Storage Schools Classrooms Libraries rooms Stack rooms Hospitals Assembly Halls Fixed seating Movable seating Garages (cars) Stores Retail wholesale Exit facilities Manufacturing Light Heavy 2 3 5 2 6 12 2 3 6 2 2.5 5 2.5 4 5 5 4 6
S1
S2
ACI 7.12.2.1
ACI 10.5.4
ACI 7.12.2.2 7 12 2 2
Summary of one one-way way ribbed slab design procedure 1. The direction of ribs is chosen. 2. Determine h, and select the hollow block size, bw and t 3. Provide shrinkage reinforcement for the topping slab in both directions. 4. The factored load on each of the ribs is computed. 5. The shear force and bending moment diagrams are drawn. 6. The strength of the web in shear is checked. 7. Design the ribs as T-section shaped beams in the positive moment regions and rectangular beams in the regions of negative moment. 8. Neat sketches showing arrangement of ribs and details of the p p reinforcement are to be prepared.
Example 1
Determine the arrangement of blocks and width of p hidden beams for the plan shown. The blocks used have the size of 40 20 cm in plan. The live load is 4 kN/m2.
Solution
Note that the width of hollow blocks in Gaza is 250 mm NOT 200 mm
Solution
Solution
Solution
Example 2
Design a one one-way way ribbed slab to cover a 3.8 3 8 m x 10 m panel, panel shown in the figure below. The covering materials weigh 2.25 kN/m2, equivalent partition load is equal p q to 0.75 kN/m2, and the live load is 2 kN/m2.
Use fc=25 MPa, fy=420MPa
3.8 m
10 m
Solution
1. The direction of ribs is chosen:
3.8 m 3
50m 5.0
50m 5.0
From ACI Table 9.5(a), hmin = 380/16 = 23.75cm use h = 24 cm. L t width Let idth of f web, b bw =10 10 cm Use hollow blocks of size 40 cm 25 cm 17 cm (weight=0.17 kN) Topping pp g slab thickness = 24 17 = 7cm > lc/12 =40/12= 3.3cm > 5cm OK For a unit strip of topping slab: wu=[1.2(0.07 25 + 0.75 + 2.25) + 1.6(2)] 1m = 8.9 kN/m = 8.9 N/mm
8.9( 400 ) 2 t = = 16mm OK ( 0.9 )1240 25 1240 f c w u l c2
Solution
3. Provide shrinkage g reinforcement for the topping pp g slab in both directions:
Total volume (in 1m2 surface) = 1.0 1.0 0.24 = 0.24 m3 Volume of hollow blocks in 1m2 = 8 0.4 0.25 0.17 = 0.136 m3 Net concrete volume in 1m2 = 0.240 24 0.136 0 136 = 0.104 0 104 m3 Weight of concrete in 1m2 = 0.104 25 = 2.6 kN/m2 Weight g of hollow blocks in 1m2 = 8 0.17= 1.36 kN/m2 Total dead load /m2 = 2.25 + 0.75 + 2.6 + 1.36 = 7.0 kN/m2
1.0 m
0.05 m
1.0 m 0.25 m
0.24 4m
7 cm
0.4 m
0.1 m
0.4 m
Solution
wu=1.2(7)+1.6(2)=11.6 1.2(7) 1.6(2) 11.6 kN/m2 wu/m of rib =11.6x0.5= 5.8 kN/m of rib
5. Critical shear forces and bending moments are determined (simply supported beam):
Maximum factored shear force = wul/2 = 5.8 (3.8/2) = 11 kN Maximum factored bending moment = wul2/8 = 5.8 (3.8)2/8 = 10.5 kN.m
6. Check rib strength for beam shear:
Effective depth d = 2420.60.6 =20.8 cm, assuming 12mm reinforcing bars and 6 mm stirrups. p
1.1V c = 1.1 0.75 0.17 25 100 208 = 14400 N = 14.4 kN > Vu,max = 11 kN
Though shear reinforcement is not required, 4 6 mm stirrups per meter run are to be used to carry the bottom flexural reinforcement.
Solution
7. Design g flexural reinforcement for the ribs:
There is only positive moments over the simply supported beam, and the section of maximum positive moment is to be designed as a T-section Assume that a<70mm and =0.90 =0 90Rectangular section with b = be =500mm
0.85 25 2 10.5 106 = 1 1 420 0.9 0.85 0 85 25 500 2082 = 0.0013 As = be d = 0.0013 500 208 = 135 mm
2
105 k kN.m
50 7 24
As
10
As f y
Solution
Check As,min s min
c=
a 6.2 = = 7 .3 mm 1 0 0.85 85
Solution
8. Neat sketches showing arrangement of ribs and details of the reinforcement are to be prepared
110 m
110 m
110 m
5.0 m
6mm stirrups @25 cm 24cm
210mm
10
40 cm S i A-A Section AA
10
110 m
3.8 m
5.0 m
210mm
Method of analysis
R i Li
i
Method of coefficients
w = ws + wl
w s = w
1.0m
wS
w l = w
wl
Rectangularity ratio:
Case
L S
L S
0.76L S
L S
Method of coefficients
ECP 203 load coefficients LL< 5kN/m2
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
0.35 0 35 0.35
0.40 0 29 0.29
0.45 0 25 0.25
0.50 0 21 0.21
0.55 0 18 0.18
0.60 0 16 0.16
0.65 0 14 0.14
0.70 0 12 0.12
0.75 0 11 0.11
0.80 0 09 0.09
0.85 0 08 0.08
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
0.292 0.292
0.355 0.240
0.411 0.198
0.470 0.165
0.526 0.137
0.577 0.114
0.623 0.095
0.663 0.079
0.699 0.067
0.730 0.056
0.757 0.047
Minimum slab thickness: To avoid the complexity of calculating for a two way ribbed slab, slab one of three equations of the ACI 318-89 which provides an upper bound for the deflection control of the slab thickness can be used for simplicity.
h max =
Design of beams in two way ribbed slabs: The loads acting on beams have tributary areas which are bounded by 45-degree lines drawn from the corners of the panels and the centerlines of the adjacent panels parallel to the long sides.
S
S
qu(S/2)
Long beam m
L Short beam S
An equivalent q uniformly y distributed load can be established for a beam in a two way system. For a triangular load distribution, the equivalent shear force coefficient Cs is equal to 0.5 and the equivalent bending moment coefficient Cb is equal to 0.67.
S
qu(S/2)
Lon ng beam
L Short beam S
For a trapezoidal load distribution, Cs and Cb are given in the following table.
Shear and moment equivalent load coefficients for trapezoidal load distribution
r =L/S Cs
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
0.500 0.667
0.545 0.725
0.583 0.769
0.615 0.803
0.643 0.830
0.667 0.852
0.688 0.870
0.706 0.885
0.722 0.897
0.737 0.908
0.750 0.917
Cb
wu
wu
Cs wu
Cb wu
Summary of two-way ribbed slab design procedure 1. 2 2. 3. 4 4. 5. 6 6. 7. Evaluate overall slab thickness and key ribbed slab components. Determine the total factored load on the slab. slab Determine load distributions in the two principal directions. Determine the shear force and bending moments. moments Check web width for beam shear. D i rib Design ib reinforcement. i f Design drawing.
Example p 3
Design the two-way ribbed slab shown in the figure below. The covering materials weigh 1.5 kN/m2, equivalent partition load is equal to 0.75 kN/ 2, concrete kN/m t hollow h ll bl k are 40cm blocks 40 25cm 25 17cm 17 i dimension, in di i each 17 kg in weight and the live load is 4 kN/m2. All beams are 30 cm wide. Use fc=30 MPa, fy=420 MPa.
8.0 m
8.0 m
8.0 m
8.0 m
S l ti Solution:
1- Evaluate overall slab thickness and key ribbed slab components: l n = 800 30 = 770cm The largest slab thickness is given by:
h max = h max
l n (800 + f y /1.4)
S l ti Solution:
2- Determine ee e the e total o factored c o ed load o d on o the e slab: s b
Total volume (hatched) = 0.52 0.62 0.23 = 0.074152 m3 V l Volume of fh hollow ll blocks bl k = 2[0.4 2[0 4 0.25 0 25 0.17] 0 17] = 0.034 0 034 m3 Net concrete volume = 0.074152 - 0.034 = 0.040152 m3 Weight of concrete = 0.040152 25= 1.0038 kN Weight of concrete /m2 = 1.0038 /[(0.52)(0.62)] = 3.11 kN/m2 Weight of hollow blocks /m2 = 0.17(2)/[(0.52)(0.62)] = 1.05 kN/m2 Total dead load= 3.11+1.05 + 1.5 + 0.75 = 6.41 kN/m2 Ultimate load = 1.2(6.41) + 1.6(4) = 14.1 kN/m2
S l ti Solution:
3- Determine load distributions in the two principal directions: 3
0 52 m 0.52
r=
L 8 = =1.0 S 8
8m
w1=w2=0.35(14.1) =0 35(14 1) =4.92 =4 92 kN/m2 Load per rib in Direction 1: wu/m of rib =4.92x0.62= =4 92x0 62= 3.06 3 06 kN/m of rib Load per rib in Direction 2: wu/m of rib =4 4.92x0.52 92x0 52= 2.56 2 56 kN/m of rib
2
0.5
8m 8m 8m
0.62 m
Direction
0.4
S l ti Solution:
4- Determine ee e the e shear s e force o ce and d bending be d g moments: o e s
Direction 1
Maximum factored shear force = 1.15wuln/2 = 1.15(3.06) (7.7/2) = 13.5 kN Maximum factored negative moment = wuln2/9 = 3.06(7.7)2/9 = 20.2 kN.m M i Maximum f factored t d positive iti moment t = wuln2/14 = 3.06(7.7) 3 06(7 7)2/14 = 12.9 12 9 kN.m kN
Direction 2
2.56 kN/m
Maximum factored shear force = 1.15w 1 15wuln/2 = 1.15(2.56) 1 15(2 56) (7 (7.7/2) 7/2) = 11.4 11 4 kN Maximum factored negative moment = wuln2/9 = 2.56(7.7)2/9 = 16.9 kN.m Maximum factored positive moment = wuln2/14 = 2.56(7.7)2/14 = 10.9 kN.m
S l ti Solution:
5- C 5 Check ec web width w d for o be beam s shear: e Direction 1
1 1 0.75 0 75 0.17 0 17 30 120 196 = 18067 N 1.1 1 1V c = 1.1 = 18.1 kN > Vu,max = 13.5 kN
Direction 2 Effective depth d = 23 2 0.60 1.6 - 0.8 = 18.0 cm, assuming 16 mm reinforcing bars and 6 mm stirrups.
1.1V c = 1.1 0.75 0.17 30 120 180 = 16593 N = 16.6 kN > Vu,max = 11.4 kN
All though shear reinforcement is not required, 4 6 mm stirrups per meter run are used to carry the bottom flexural reinforcement.
S l ti Solution:
6- Design 6 es g rib b reinforcement: e o ce e Direction 1
Positive moment Mu = 12.9 kN.m Use mm 1 10 0a and d mm 1 12 reinforcing bars in each rib.
S l ti Solution:
6- Design 6 es g rib b reinforcement: e o ce e Direction 2
Positive moment Mu = 10.9 kN.m Use mm 1 10 0a and d mm 1 12 reinforcing bars in each rib.
S l ti Solution:
7- Design 7 es g drawing: d w g
S l ti Solution:
7- Design 7 es g drawing: d w g