nh hng ni dung cho mt cng vic (5W 1H 2C 5M) 1.

Khi nim Hoch nh l mt qu trnh n nh nhng mc tiu v xc nh bin php tt nht thc hin nhng mc tiu . N lin h vi nhng phng tin cng nh vi nhng mc ch. Tt c nhng ngi qun l u lm cng vic hoch nh. 2. ngha - T duy c h thng tin liu cc tnh hung qun l - Phi hp mi ngun lc ca t chc hu hiu hn. - Tp trung vo cc mc tiu v chnh sch ca t chc. - Nm vng cc nhim v c bn ca t chc phi hp vi cc qun l vin khc. - Sn sng ng ph v i ph vi nhng thay i ca mi trng bn ngoi - Pht trin hu hiu cc tiu chun kim tra. 3. Lm th no xc nh cng vic? Khi bt u mt cng vic mi, lm th no trin khai cng vic hon ho? Nu bn khng c phng php xc nh y cc yu t, bn c th b st nhiu ni dung cng vic. chnh l mt l hng trong hoch nh cng vic PHNG PHP XC NH NI DUNG CNG VIC (5W H 2C 5M) - Xc nh mc tiu, yu cu cng vic 1W (why) - Xc nh ni dung cng vic 1W (what) - Xc nh 3W: where, when, who - Xc nh cch thc thc hin 1H (how) - Xc nh phng php kim sot 1C (control) - Xc nh phng php kim tra 1C (check) - Xc nh ngun lc thc hin 5M 3.1 Xc nh mc tiu yu cu (Why) Khi phi lm mt cng vic, iu u tin m bn phi quan tm l: - Ti sao bn phi lm cng vic ny? - N c ngha nh th no vi t chc, b phn ca bn? - Hu qu nu bn khng thc hin chng?

Why (ti sao?) l 1W trong 5W. Khi bn thc hin mt cng vic th iu u tin bn nn xem xt chnh l why vi ni dung nh trn. Xc nh c yu cu, mc tiu gip bn lun hng trng tm cc cng vic vo mc tiu v nh gi hiu qu cui cng. 3.2 Xc nh ni dung cng vic (What?) 1W = what? Ni dung cng vic l gi? Hy ch ra cc bc thc hin cng vic c giao. Bn hy chc rng, bc sau l khch hng ca bc cng vic trc. 3.3 Xc nh 3W Where: u, c th bao gm cc cu hi sau: - Cng vic thc hin ti u? - Giao hng ti a im no? - Kim tra ti b phn no? - Testing nhng cng on no? When: Cng vic thc hin khi no, khi no th giao, khi no kt thc - xc nh c thi hn phi lm cng vic, bn cn xc nh c mc khn cp v mc quan trng ca tng cng vic. - C 4 loi cng vic khc nhau: + Cng vic quan trng v khn cp, + Cng vic khng quan trng nhng khn cp, + Cng vic quan trng nhng khng khn cp, + Cng vic khng quan trng v khng khn cp. Bn phi thc hin cng vic quan trng v khn cp trc. Who: Ai, bao gm cc kha cnh sau: - Ai lm vic - Ai kim tra - Ai h tr. - Ai chu trch nhim 3.4 Xc nh phng php 1h

H l how, ngha l nh th no? N bao gm cc ni dung: - Ti liu hng dn thc hin l g (cch thc thc hin tng cng vic)? - Tiu chun l g? - Nu c my mc th cch thc vn hnh nh th no? 3.5 Xc nh phng php kim sot (Control) Cch thc kim sot (control) s lin quan n: - Cng vic c c tnh g? - Lm th no o lng c tnh ? - o lng bng dng c, my mc nh th no? - C bao nhiu im kim sot v im kim sot trng yu (Xem chi tit qua ti liu v MBP phng php qun l theo qu trnh) 3.6 Xc nh phng php kim tra (check) Phng php kim tra (check) lin quan n cc ni dung sau: - C nhng bc cng vic no cn phi kim tra. Thng thng th c bao nhiu cng vic th cng cn s lng tng t cc bc phi kim tra. - Tn sut kim tra nh th no? Vic kim tra thc hin 1 ln hay thng xuyn (nu vy th bao lu mt ln?). - Ai tin hnh kim tra? - Nhng im kim tra no l trng yu? - Trong DN khng th c y cc ngun lc tin hnh kim tra ht tt c cc cng on, do vy chng ta ch tin hnh kim tra nhng im trng yu (quan trng nht). - im kim tra trng yu tun theo nguyn tc Pareto (20/80), tc l nhng im kim tra ny ch chim 20 % s lng nhng chim n 80 % khi lng sai st. 3.7 Xc nh ngun lc (5M) Nhiu k hoch thng ch ch trng n cng vic m li khng ch trng n cc ngun lc, m ch c ngun lc mi m bo cho k hoch c kh thi. Ngun lc bao gm cc yu t: - Man = ngun nhn lc. - Money = Tin bc. - Material = nguyn vt liu/h thng cung ng.

- Machine = my mc/cng ngh. - Method = phng php lm vic. a. Man, bao gm cc ni dung: - Nhng ai s thc hin cng vic, h c trnh , kinh nghim, k nng, phm cht, tnh cch ph hp? - Ai h tr? - Ai kim tra? - Nu cn ngun phng nga th c ngun lc con ngi h tr khng? b. Material = nguyn vt liu/h thng cung ng, bao gm cc yu t: - Xc nh tiu chun NVL. - Tiu chun nh cung ng. - Xc nh phng php giao hng - Thi hn giao hng. 4. Phn loi - Hoch nh chin lc. - Hoch nh tc nghip. - Hoch nh d n. - Mc tiu. - Hoch nh nm. - Hoch nh thng. - Hoch nh tun. 4.1 Hoch nh chin lc c im - Thi hn: vi nm - Khun kh: rng - Mc tiu: t chi tit Qu trnh c bn ca hoch nh chin lc - Nhn thc c c hi - Xc nh cc mc tiu - Pht trin cc tin - Xc nh cc phng n la chn - nh gi cc phng n.

- La chn phng n - Hoch nh cc k hoch ph tr - Lng ha bng hoch nh ngn qu u ra ca hoch nh chin lc: - Mt bn k hoch kinh doanh - K hoch pht trin cng ty. 4.2 Hoch nh tc nghip c im - Thi hn: ngy, tun, thng - Khun kh: hp - Mc tiu: chi tit xc nh u ra ca hoch nh tc nghip: - H thng ti liu hot ng ca t chc nh: - Cc loi s tay, cm nang. - Quy trnh hot ng - Cc quy nh - Hng dn cng vic - Cc biu mu - Cc k hoch thc hin mc tiu, d n ngn hn. 4.3 Hoch nh d n - Xc nh cc yu cu ca d n. - Xc nh cc quy trnh c bn. - Xc nh ngun lc cung cp cho d n. - Xy dng k hoch thc hin d n theo s gantt 4.4 Mc tiu: (Phn ny, bn tham kho theo k nng qun l theo mc tiu) - Phn loi mc tiu - iu kin ca mc tiu - Lp k hoch thc hin mc tiu:

4.4.1 Phn loi mc tiu - Mc tiu cp cng ty, b phn, c nhn - Theo Peter Drucker, mc tiu ca cng ty xp t ngn hn n di hn nh sau: + Tn ti v tng trng. + Li nhun + Phn b cc ngun lc v ri ro + Nng sut + Vi th cnh tranh + Pht trin ngun lc + Pht trin cng ngh + Trch nhm x hi. 4.4.2 iu kin ca mc tiu: iu kin ca mc tiu phi m bo yu cu ca nguyn tc SMART - Specific c th, d hiu - Measurable o lng c - Achievable va sc. - Realistics thc t. - Timebound c thi hn. a/Specific c th, d hiu - Ch tiu phi c th v n nh hng cho cc hot ng trong tng lai. - ng ni mc tiu ca bn l dn u th trng trong khi i th ang chim 40 % th phn. - Hy t mc tiu chim ti thiu 41% th phn, t bn s bit mnh cn phi c t bao nhiu % na. b/Measurable o lng c - Ch tiu ny m khng o lng c th khng bit c t c hay khng? - ng ghi: phi tr li th ca khch hng ngay khi c th. Hy yu cu nhn vin tr li th ngay trong ngy nhn c. c/Achievable va sc. - Ch tiu phi c tnh thch thc c gng, nhng cng ng t ch tiu loi khng th t ni. - Nu bn khng c ging ca tri ph th ng t ch tiu tr thnh siu sao. Gi trng lng mc l tng 45kg c th va sc hn. d/Realistics thc t.

- y l tiu ch o lng s cn bng gia kh nng thc hin so vi ngun lc ca doanh nghip bn (thi gian, nhn s, tin bc..). - ng t ch tiu gim 20 kg trong mt thng t trng lng l tng 45 kg trong vng mt thng, nh vy l khng thc t. e/Timebound c thi hn. - Mi cng vic phi c thi hn hon thnh, nu khng n s b tr hon. - Thi gian hp l gip bn va t c mc tiu li va dng sc cho cc mc tiu khc. 4.4.3 K hoch thc hin mc tiu (gantt) C th s dng cc biu tin lp k hoch Mt trong nhng cng c rt hiu qu l phn mm Microsoft project. 4.5 Hoch nh k hoch nm Ngun thng tin t lp k hoch nm bao gm: - T chin lc ca cng ty. - T cc d n tham gia - T mc tiu ca cng ty v mc tiu b phn do cng ty giao. - T cc nhim v theo chc nng nhim v b phn. Ni dung ca k hoch cng tc nm: - Ni dung cc mc tiu cng vic. - Thi gian thc hin. - Mc quan trng ca cc cng vic ( gip b phn c th t trng tm vo cng tc no v nh gi cng vic cui nm). 4.6 Hoch nh k hoch thng: Ngun thng tin lp k hoch thng - Cc cng vic trong k hoch nm. - Cc cng vic thng trc cn tn ti. - Cc cng vic mi pht sinh do cng ty giao. Ni dung k hoch thng

- Cc cng vic quan trng trong thng - Phn cc cng vic c th gm: ni dung cng vic, thi gian thc hin, ngi thc hin. - Cc cng vic cha xc nh c lch (nhng phi lm trong thng hoc lm trong thng sau). 4.7 Hoch nh k hoch tun Ngun thng tin lp k hoch tun: - Cc cng vic trong k hoch thng. - Cc cng vic trong tun trc cha thc hin xong - Cc cng vic mi pht sinh do cng ty giao thm. NI DUNG BN K HOCH TUN - Cc cng vic quan trng trong tun - Phn cc cng vic c th gm: ni dung cng vic, thi gian thc hin, ngi thc hin, ghi ch (yu cu kt qu). - Cc cng vic cha xc nh c lch (nhng phi lm trong tun hoc lm trong tun sau).