Appendix C: Drug Precursor/ Reagent Table A

Compound Acetic acid Acetic anhydride Acetaldehyde Acetonitrile -Acetylphenylacetonitrile Allyl benzene Allyl chloride 4-Allyl-1,2-methylenedioxy benzene Aluminum foil Aluminum chloride Ammonia gas Ammonium acetate Ammonium chloride Ammonium formate Ammonium hydroxide Benzaldehyde Benzene Benzyl chloride Benzyl cyanide Bromobenzene Bromothiophene Butylamine Chloroacetone 3-Chloropropene Copper sulfate Cuprus oxide Cyclohexanone

Amphetamine r A2,3

MDA/ MDMA r MD1,2,5

Methamphetamine

PCP Analog

P-2-P p P4 p P1

p M4 p A6 p P2 p A6 p A5 p MD1 r A4 p A4 p A1 p A1 p A1 p A2 p A5 r MD1,2 r MD3 p MD5 r MD2 p MD1 All p P5 p P7 p M4 p P2 p PC1a,2a,3a p PC1b,2b,3b r A2 p P7 p A5 r MD5 All p M6 r M1 r M1 r P5,7 r M(7)

p M6

r M(7)

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Compound Dibromomethane Ephedrine/ pseudoephedrine Ethyl acetate Formamide Formic acid HBr HCl Hydrogen Hydrogen peroxide HI Hydroxylamine HCl Iodine Iron fillings Isosafrole Lithium Lithium aluminum hydride Magnesium turnings Manganous carbonate Manganous chloride Mercuric chloride Mercury Methylamine Methylformamide Nitroethane Norpseudoephedrine Palladium sulfate Perchloric acid Phenylacetic acid Phenylacetonitrile Phenylmagnesium bromide Phenylacetone Phosphorous Phosphorous pentachloride Piperonal Piperidine Platinum Platinum chloride Platinum oxide Potassium carbonate Potassium cyanide Potassium hydroxide Pumic Pyridine Raney nickel Sodium Sodium acetate

Amphetamine

MDA/ MDMA r MD2

Methamphetamine p M2,3,7

PCP Analog

P-2-P

p P2 p A1 r A1 r All r A2,3 r A7 p A3 p MD1 r MD4 r MD5 r All r MD1 r M3 r M3 r P5 p MD1 r M(7) r A2,3 r MD2 r M4 r All r P4 r P4 r A4 r A2 r MD3,4,5 p MD3,4 p MD4 p MD2 p A7 r M2 r M2 p P1,3,4 p P2 p PC1a,2a,3a p A1,3,4 r A7 p M1,5 r M3 r M2 p MD2 p PC1 r M2 r M2 r M2 r All r All r All p PC2 r A2,3 r M2 r M1 r P1 r M1 p M1,4,5 p M5 p P5 r M5 r All r M2 r All

r All

r All

r All

r All r P4

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Compound Sodium amalgam Sodium bisulfite Sodium hydroxide Sodium sulfate Sulfuric acid Thionyl chloride

Amphetamine r A2,3 r All r All r All

MDA/ MDMA

Methamphetamine

PCP Analog r All r All

P-2-P r All r All r P1,2,5 r P2

r All r MD1

r All r All r M2

2004 by CRC Press LLC

Appendix C: Drug Precursor/ Reagent Table B

Reaction A1

Precursors Ammonia Ammonium formate Formamide Phenylacetone Benzaldehyde Nitroethane

Reagents Formic acid Hydrochloric acid Sulfuric acid Acetic acid Butylamine Hydrogen Lithium aluminum hydride Sodium amalgam Raney nickel Acetic acid Hydrogen Lithium aluminum hydride Raney nickel Palladium black Sodium acetate Sodium amalgam Aluminum Mercuric chloride

A2

A3

Hydroxylamine HCl Phenylacetone

A4

Ammonia Phenylacetone

A5

Benzene Allyl chloride Ammonia

Ferric chloride

Continued.

2004 by CRC Press LLC

Reaction A6 A7 MD1

Precursors Allylbenzene Acetonitrile Phenylpropanolamine Ammonia Ammonium formate Formamide Isosafrole Nitroethane Piperonal Isosafrole Methylamine Isosafrole Methylamine Methylformamide

Reagents Hydrochloric acid Hydriodic acid Red phosphorous Acetic acid Formic acid Hydrochloric acid Hydrogen peroxide Sulfuric acid Acetic acid Ammonium acetate Lithium aluminum hydride Aluminum foil Mercuric chloride Acetic acid Formic acid Hydrochloric acid Hydrogen peroxide Sulfuric acid Cuprus oxide Hydrobromic acid Mercuric chloride Sodium carbonate Sodium hydroxide Aluminum Mercuric chloride Hydrogen Palladium black Palladium sulfate Perchloric acid Phosphorous pentachloride Platinum Platinum chloride Sodium acetate Sulfuric acid Thionyl chloride Hydriodic acid Iodine Red phosphorous Iodine Magnesium Continued.

MD2

MD3 MD4

MD5

Ammonia (MDA) Methylamine (MDMA) Safrole

M1 M2

Phenylacetone Methylamine Ephedrine

M3

Ephedrine

M4

Acetaldehyde Benzylchloride Methylamine

2004 by CRC Press LLC

Reaction M5

Precursors Phenylacetone Methylamine Methylformamide Allylchloride Benzene Methylamine Ephedrine

Reagents Formic acid Hydrochloric acid Ferric chloride

M6

M7

Ammonia Ammonium chloride Lithium or sodium Sodium chloride Tetrahydrofuran Magnesium Potassium cyanide Sodium cyanide

PC analogs

Bromobenzene Bromothiophene Cyclohexanone Morpholine Phenylmagnesiumbromide Piperidine Pyridine Pyrolodine Phenylacetic acid Acetic anhydride Benzylcyanide Ethyl acetate

P1 P2

Sodium acetate Acetic acid Phosphoric acid Sodium Sulfuric acid Lead acetate Hydrochloric acid Manganous carbonate Manganous chloride Nitric acid Pumic Sodium carbonate Thorium nitrate Butylamine Ferric chloride Iron filings Potassium dichromate Aluminum chloride Sodium bisulfate Continued.

P3 P4

Phenylacetic acid Phenyl acetic acid Acetic acid

P5

Benzaldehyde Nitroethane Phenyl-2-propanol Benzene Chloroacetone

P6 P7

2004 by CRC Press LLC

Drug Precursor/Reagent Table Methods Key

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 MD1 MD2 MD3 MD4 MD5a MD5b M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 PC1 PC1a PC1b PC2 PC2a PC2b PC3 PC3a PC3b P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 Amphetamine via Leuckart reaction Amphetamine via benzaldehyde/nitroethane Amphetamine via P-2-P/hydroxylamine Amphetamine via P-2-P/ammonia Amphetamine via benzene/allyl chloride/ammonia Amphetamine via allylbenzene/acetonitrile Amphetamine via phenylpropanolamine/HI MDA via isosafrole to 3,4-methylenedioxy P-2-P, using the Leuckart reaction MDA via piperonal/nitroethane MDMA via 3,4-methylenedioxy P-2-P/methylamine MDMA via 3,4-methylenedioxy P-2-P using the Leuckart reaction MDA via safrole/HBr/ammonia MDMA via safrole/HBr/methylamine Methamphetamine via P-2-P/methylamine Methamphetamine via ephedrine/H2 Methamphetamine via ephedrine/HI Methamphetamine via benzyl chloride/acetaldehyde/methylamine Methamphetamine via Leuckart reaction Methamphetamine via benzene/allyl chloride/methylamine Methamphetamine via Birch reduction Piperidine/cyclohexane intermediate Phenyl addition Thiophene addition Pyridine/cyclohexane intermediate Phenyl addition Thiophene addition Morpholine/cyclohexane intermediate Phenyl addition Thiophene addition P-2-P via phenylacetic acid/acetic anhydride P-2-P via benzyl cyanide/ethyl acetate P-2-P via phenylacetic acid/lead acetate P-2-P via phenylacetic acid/acetone P-2-P via benzaldehyde/nitroethane P-2-P via phenyl-2-propanol/dichromate P-2-P via benzene/chloroacetone

2004 by CRC Press LLC