Lecture 32

Review: AC power analysis

Average power, complex power, power triangles RMS values Power factor

Power factor correction Related educational materials:

Chapter 12.5, 12.6

AC power analysis
Average power:
Average power in terms of RMS (or effective) values: Complex power:

Power triangles
Complex power (rectangular form): Presented graphically:

Real (average) and reactive power:

Power factor (pf)

Power factor: Load impedance:
V ZL I

Z L V I

Z L v i

Example 1
For the circuit below, determine:
(a) the complex power delivered by the source (b) the average power delivered by the source

Outline problem on previous slide: 1. find equivalent impedance 2. find source current 3. complex power = VI*/2 4. Average power = (Vm*Im/2)*cos(thetavthetai)

(a) Determine the complex power delivered by the source

(b) Determine the average power delivered by the source

Effect of pf on power delivery

If v - i 0, we have some reactive power that is not consumed by the load
The current provided to the load is higher than necessary Results in additional power dissipated during delivery Power companies dont like this!

Power factor correction

Power companies may require that users maintain a minimum power factor
e.g. pf > 0.9

Most large loads are inductive in nature

e.g. inductive motors

Power factor correction may be necessary

The approach must be inexpensive & simple to implement

Adding a capacitor in parallel with the inductive load will increase the power factor

Power factor correction continued

We have an inductive load with some power factor cos1: The power triangle is shown below:

Power factor correction continued again

We can increase the power factor by adding a capacitor in parallel with the load:
I

The power triangle then becomes:

+ -

ZL

ZC

Example 2 power factor correction

For the circuit below if
(a) Determine the power factor (b) Re-design the circuit so that pf = 1

Example 2 Determine pf

Example 2 Re-design circuit so that pf = 1