ASKHSEIS ALGEBRAS A LUKEIOU

(Smfwna me th na lh 2011-2012)

Ansthc Tsomdhc Katernh

Perieqmena
1 Pijanthtec 2

1.1 1.2
2

Endeqmena

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 3
6

H nnoia thc pijanthtac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oi pragmatiko arijmo

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

3

Oi prxeic kai oi idithtc touc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ditaxh pragmatikn arijmn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apluth tim pragmatiko arijmo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rzec pragmatikn arijmn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6 9 11 13
15

Exisseic

3.1 3.2 3.3

4

Exisseic 1ou bajmo H exswsh

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 17 18
20

x = a. .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Exisseic 2ou bajmo

Anisseic

4.1 4.2
5

Anisseic 1ou bajmo Anisseic 2ou bajmo

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20 21
22

Prodoi

5.1 5.2 5.3

6

Akoloujec

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22 23 24
25

Arijmhtik prodoc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gewmetrik prodoc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sunartseic

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5

H nnoia thc sunrthshc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grafik parstash sunrthshc H sunrthsh H sunrthsh H sunrthsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25 27 29 31 32

f (x) = ax + . . . f (x) = ax2 . . . . . f (x) = ax2 + x +

1
1.1
1.1.

Pijanthtec
Endeqmena

Rqnoume na nmisma kai na zri. a) Na brete to deigmatik qro tou peirmatoc. b) Na brete to endeqmeno A: to apotlesma tou nomsmatoc na enai grmmata. g) Na brete to endeqmeno B: to apotlesma tou zario na enai 5 6. d) Na brete ta endeqmena
A
1.2.
[

B,

B,

A B,

B.

Do isodnamec omdec, o PAOK kai o ARHS pazoun metax touc sthn fsh play-o tou prwtajlmatoc basket (oi agnec den teleinoun pot me isopala). Niktria jewretai h omda pou ja niksei se do agnec sth seir se do agnec anexarttwc seirc. a) Na brete to deigmatik qro tou peirmatoc. b) Na brete to endeqmeno na qoume akribc ma nkh tou PAOK. g) Na brete to endeqmeno na qoume toulqiston ma nkh tou PAOK. d) Na brete to endeqmeno o PAOK na qsei louc touc agnec. e) Na brete to endeqmeno o PAOK na persei sthn epmenh fsh. 1.3. Rqnoume 2 zria, na maro kai na leuk. a) Na brete to deigmatik qro tou peirmatoc. b) Na brete to endeqmeno A: ta do zria qoun jroisma apotelesmtwn mikrtero tou 5. g) Na brete to endeqmeno B: to maro zri qei apotlesma megaltero tou leuko. d) Na brete ta endeqmena
A
1.4.
[

B,

B,

A B,

B,

B .

Dnontai do endeqmena A, B enc deigmatiko qrou W. Na ekfraston me th bojeia sunlwn kai na parastajon me diagrmmata Venn ta endeqmena pou orzontai me tic ekfrseic: a) Pragmatopoietai mno na ap ta A, B. b) Den pragmatopoietai kanna ap ta A, B. g) Pragmatopoietai to pol na ap ta A, B. d) Den pragmatopoietai to A kai pragmatopoietai to B. e) Den pragmatopoietai to A pragmatopoietai to B.
2

1.2
1.5.

H nnoia thc pijanthtac

'Ena kout periqei 10 marec, 20 prsinec kai 5 ktrinec mplec. Parnoume tuqaa mia mpla. Na brete tic pijanthtec twn endeqomnwn: a) H mpla na enai marh. b) H mpla na enai prsinh ktrinh. 1.6. Rqnoume tra amerlhpta nomsmata. a) Na brete thn pijanthta na emfaniston tra grmmata. b) Na brete thn pijanthta na emfaniston do grmmata kai ma kefal. 1.7. Sto surtri miac ntoulpac uprqoun 4 zeugria marec kltsec kai 2 zeugria leukc. Epilgoume tuqaa 7 kltsec qwrc na blpoume to qrma touc. Na brete thn pijanthta na qoume epilxei 2 zeugria tou diou qrmatoc. 1.8. Se kpoio lkeio uprqoun 200 majhtc kai 90 majtriec. Ap ta agria to 1/2 kai ap ta kortsia to 1/3 enai ristoi sta majhmatik. Epilgoume tuqaa na tomo ap to snolo twn majhtn kai majhtrin tou sqoleou. Na brete tic pijanthtec twn endeqomnwn: a) To tomo na mhn enai risto sta majhmatik. b) To tomo na enai kortsi risto sta majhmatik. g) To tomo na enai agri na mhn enai risto sta majhmatik. 1.9. Enai gnwst ti ap n sprouc pou futethkan ja futrsei to 90%. Ap touc sprouc pou ja futrsoun mno to 80% ja karpoforsei. Epilgoume tuqaa na spro. Na brete tic pijanthtec twn endeqomnwn: a) O sproc na futrsei all na mhn karpoforsei. b) O sproc na karpoforsei. 1.10. Rqnoume na amerlhpto nmisma kai sth sunqeia parnoume tuqaa na qart ap mia trpoula. Na brete tic pijanthtec twn endeqomnwn: a) To nmisma na dexei kefal kai to trapoulqarto na enai 5 spaj. b) To nmisma na dexei grmmata kai to trapoulqarto na enai ssoc. 1.11. Jewrome ta endeqmena A, B enc deigmatiko qrou W, gia ta opoa isqoun oi sqseic
P A
\ [

Na brete tic pijanthtec twn

A B, A B,

4 B = , 5

1 P (A) = , 4 endeqomnwn:
[

3 P (B ) = . 5 A
\

(A B )

(B A) ,

B,

B.

Jewrome ta endeqmena A, B enc deigmatiko qrou W, gia ta opoa gnwrzoume ti P (A) = 0, 6 kai P (B ) = 0, 5. a) Na dexete ti ta endeqmena A, B den enai asumbbasta. b) Me dedomno ti P (A B ) = 0, 4, na brete tic pijanthtec twn endeqomnwn:
1.12.

A
1.13.

B,

B,

(A B )

(B A) ,

An A enai na endeqmeno enc deigmatiko qrou W kai

P (A) + 3P A =

3 2

na brete thn pijanthta tou endeqomnou A. 1.14. Jewrome ta endeqmena A, B enc deigmatiko qrou W, gia ta opoa gnwrzoume ti
P A
[

B = 0, 6

kai

P A

B = 0, 1.
S

Na brete thn pijanthta tou endeqomnou (A B ) (B A). 1.15. S> na autokinhtistik atqhma, h pijanthta na ofeletai se adexithta tou odhgo enai 60%, na mhn ofeletai se blbh autokintou 80%, na ofeletai kai stouc do lgouc 5%. Na brete thn pijanthta to atqhma na ofeletai: a) Se blbh autokintou. b) Toulqiston se nan ap touc do lgouc. g) Mno se nan ap touc do lgouc. d) To pol se nan ap touc do lgouc. 1.16. Mia mra me kakc kairikc sunjkec h pijanthta na leitourgsoun ta lewforea enai 40%, h pijanthta na leitourgsoun ta trna enai 30% kai h pijanthta na leitourgsei na toulqiston ap ta parapnw msa enai 60%. Na brete thn pijanthta: a) Na leitourgsoun kai ta do msa. b) Na mhn leitourgsei kanna ap ta do msa. g) Na leitourgsoun mno ta lewforea. d) Na leitourgsei to pol na ap ta do msa. 1.17. Jewrome ta endeqmena A, B, G enc deigmatiko qrou W, gia ta opoa gnwrzoume ti
P A
\

B = 0, 3

kai
4

P A

= 0, 1.

a) Na brete thn pijanthta tou endeqomnou A B . b) Na brete thn pijanthta na pragmatopoihjon to pol do ap ta endeqmena A, B, G.
S

1.18.

Jewrome ta endeqmena A, B enc deigmatiko qrou W. Apodexte ti

P (A B ) + P (B A) P A
[

B 2P A

B .

Jewrome ta endeqmena A, B, G enc deigmatiko qrou W, gia ta opoa gnwrzoume ti P (A) = 1/10, P (B ) = 1/5, P () = 3/10. Na dexete ti:
1.19.

a) P
1.20.

3 10

b) P

3 5

g) P

7 . 10

Jewrome ta endeqmena A, B enc deigmatiko qrou W, gia ta opoa gnwrzoume ti P (A) = 7/10, P (B ) = 3/5. Na dexete ti: a) P

3 10

b) P

7 10

g) P

3 B . 5

2
2.1
2.1.

Oi pragmatiko arijmo
Oi prxeic kai oi idithtc touc

Na aplopoisete, pou aut enai dunatn, tic parastseic: a)

a+ a

b)

a a

g)

a 6 3 a

d)

a a +

e)

a(a ) . a

Na qarakthrsete kajema ap tic paraktw protseic wc swst lanjasmnh: a) An a = tte a(x 1) = (x 1). b) An a(x 1) = (x 1) tte a = . g) An (x 1)(x 3) = 0 tte x = 1 x = 3. d) An (x 2)(x + 3) = 0 tte x = 2 x = 3. 2.3. Dnetai h parstash
2.2.

A=

3 + 5(xy 1) y (x 2) 4(1 + xy ) . x(y 5) y (x 1)

a) Na aplopoisete thn parstash A. b) Na upologsete thn tim thc parstashc A gia x = 1/10 kai y = 1/3. x 2.4. An =2 , na upologsete thn tim thc parstashc y 3
5x + 3y . x + 2y
2.5.

An

= 5,

na upologsete thn tim thc parstashc

3a 5 . 3 5

2.6.

An a =

kai = 5/2 na upologsete thn tim thc parstashc

2a2 3

9 4a4

2.7.

Na aplopoihje h parstash

A=

x2 2x : y 3y 3
6

2x y

2.8.

An n jetikc akraioc, na dexete ti h parstash

3 + 3 +1 + 3 +2

enai pollaplsio tou 13. 2.9. a) An n jetikc akraioc kai a = 0, a = 1, na aplopoihje h parstash
A= a 1 1 + . +1 a +1

b) Na upologsete thn tim thc parstashc

B=
2.10.

1 132012 +1

1 132013 +1

1 132012 +1

1 132013 +1

a) (5a 1)2 + (5a + 1)2 = 2(25a2 + 1) b) (x(x + 1))2 (x(x 1))2 = 4x3 2.11. Apodexte tic tautthtec: a) (x2 + y2 )2 (2xy)2 = (x2 y2 )2 b) 4 (a + ) + (a + )2 = 4 (a + ) + (a + )2 2.12. Na dexete ti: a) An a + = 2, tte a2 + 2 2 = 2(2 + 2 a ). b) An a = 1, tte a3 a2 + 3 a 2 = a + . g) An a + = 1, tte (a2 2 )2 = a3 + 3 a 2.13. a) An x, y enai pragmatiko arijmo, na dexete ti h sqsh xy > x + y den alhjeei pntote. b) An a, b enai pragmatiko arijmo, na dexete ti h sqsh (a + )2 = a2 + 2 den alhjeei pntote. 2 2.14. An gia ton akraio a isqei ti o a + 7 enai perittc, na dexete ti o a enai rtioc.
2.15.

Apodexte tic tautthtec:

Me dedomno ti
(2a )5 + (2 a)5 = a5 + 5 + 1

na dexete ti a = .
7

2.16.

Na aplopoisete tic parastseic: a)

xa x + ya y a2 2

b)

2x2 + x 3(2x + 1) x2 9

2.17.

Na aplopoisete tic parastseic: a)

x4 y 4 x3 + y 3 x2 + y 2 x y

b)

x2 + 4x + 4 x2 4

2.18.

Na upologsete thn tim twn parastsewn

A = 7, 172 + 2, 832 + 2 7, 17 2, 83

kai

4, 532 3, 212 . B= 1, 32

2.2
2.19.

Ditaxh pragmatikn arijmn

Na qarakthrsete kajema ap tic paraktw protseic wc swst lanjasmnh: a) An x > y + 1 kai y > z , tte x > z . b) An a > , tte a 3 < 3. g) An a > , tte 5a < 5 . d) An x > y kai a > , tte ax > y. e) An a > > 0 kai n jetikc akraioc, tte a > . c) An a > kai n perittc jetikc akraioc, tte a > . 1 1 < . z) An a > 0 > , tte a 2 2 h) An a + = 0, tte a = 0 kai = 0. 2.20. Apodexte ti: a)
2a2 + 2 + 2 2a( + )

b)

a2 + 2

2 + 2 (a + )2

Na exetsete pte isqei h isthta sthn perptwsh (a). 2.21. a) An x, y > 0 na dexete ti
x y + 2. y x

b) An x > 0 > y na dexete ti

x y + 2. y x
2.22.

An 0 < a < na dexete ti

a<
1 a

2 +

< .

Na sugkrnete tic parastseic A kai B se kajema ap tic paraktw periptseic: a) A = (a + )2 kai B = 4a . b) A = (x + y)(x + 2y) kai B = xy. 2.24. An a > 2 na sugkrnete tic parastseic A kai B se kajema ap tic paraktw periptseic: a) A = 2a2 + 2 kai B = a3 + a. b) A = a4 + a kai B = 4a2 + 2.
2.23.

Na prosdiorsete touc pragmatikoc arijmoc x, y se kajema ap tic paraktw periptseic: a) x2 + y2 4x + 6y + 13 = 0. b) (x + 5)2 = 2xy x2 y2 . 2.26. An 2 x 4 kai 1 y 3, na brete metax poiwn arijmn periqetai h tim kajemic ap tic paraktw parastseic:
2.25.

a)
2.27.

x+y

b)

xy

g)

x2 + y 2

d)

x3 + 2y

An 4 x 5 kai 1 y 2, na brete metax poiwn arijmn periqetai h tim kajemic ap tic paraktw parastseic: a)
2.28.

xy

b)

x y

g)

3x 2y

d)

x + 2y y2 + 1

Mia platea sqmatoc orjogwnou qei embad metax 190m2 kai 205m2 . To mkoc thc plateac enai 20m. Na brete to pltoc thc plateac an enai gnwst ti aut enai jetikc akraioc arijmc. 2 2.29. Ma omda ependutn skftetai na agorsei mia ktash metax 4000m kai 6000m2 gia kataskeu qrou stjmeushc autokintwn. Upologzetai ti kje autoknhto qreizetai 25m2 gia na stajmesei kai ti gia tic diforec egkatastseic qreizontai 1000m2 . Na brete metax poiwn timn, ja brsketai h qwrhtikthta se autoknhta tou qrou stjmeushc. 2.30. Apodexte ti: a)
2.31. 2.32.

a + + a + + a

b)

x2 + 1 y 2 + 1 z 2 + 1 + + 6 x y z

An a > 0 kai a5 a3 + a = 3, na dexete ti a6 5. An a, b enai jetiko arijmo, na dexete ti

a+ a < + . 1+a+ 1+a 1+

2.33.

Apodexte ti
1 1 1 1 1 1 + + + + + > . 51 52 53 99 100 2
10

2.3

Apluth tim pragmatiko arijmo

timc:
2.35.

2.34.

Na gryete tic paraktw parastseic qwrc to smbolo thc apluthc

  

2 1 ,

|3 | ,

2 2 ,

x2 + 1

An 1 < x < 5, na dexete ti a) |x 1| + |x 5| = 4. b) |x 1| + |x 5| < |x + 2| + |x 6|. Na gryete tic paraktw parastseic qwrc to smbolo thc apluthc timc, gia tic diforec timc tou x. a) A = |x 2|. b) B = |x + 4| 7. g) = |x 3| 4 |x 5|.
2.36. 2.37.

Na brete thn apstash twn arijmn a, b stic paraktw periptseic: b)

a= 5 kai =

a)

a = 5 kai = 8

g)

a = 55 kai = 55

2.38.

Na brete touc pragmatikoc arijmoc x, y an enai gnwst ti isqei

5 |3x y | + 2 |y + 33| = 0.

2.39.

Na aplopoisete thn parstash

x2 4 . |x| + 2

2.40.

Apodexte ti: a)
x + y 2 |x| |y |
2 2

b)

x 1 (|x| + x) = 0 |x|

2.41. Dnontai oi pragmatiko arijmo a, b, g, d tou diastmatoc [0, 1). Apodexte ti do toulqiston ap touc arijmoc autoc, qoun apstash mikrterh tou 1/3. 2.42.

An |x| 3 kai |y| 1, na dexete ti: a)

|4x + 3y | 15

b)
11

|x y + 10| 14

ti

2.43.

Me dedomno ti nac toulqiston ap touc a, b den enai 0, na dexete

|a + 2 | |2a | + 3. |a| + | | |a| + | |

2.44.

Me dedomno ti a = , na dexete ti
|a| | | + 1. |a + | |a |

2.45.

An x = 2 kai y = 1, na dexete ti
4 y+1 x2 5 9. |x 2| |y + 1|

2.46. H apstash twn arijmn x, 4 enai mikrterh tou 1 kai h apstash twn arijmn y, 7 enai mikrterh tou 2. Na dexete ti |x + y 11| < 3. 2.47. Apodexte ti

||a| | || |a + | .
2.48.

An |x| < 1 kai |y| < 1, na dexete ti

    

x+y    < 1. 1 + xy 

2.49.

Gia touc pragmatikoc arijmoc x, y, z isqoun oi sqseic:

|x + y | |z | , |y + z | |x| , |z + x| |y | .

Na dexete ti x + y + z = 0. 2.50. Na brete tic timc tou x gia tic opoec alhjeei kajema ap tic paraktw sqseic: a)
|x + 5| = 8

b)

|3x 7| = 2

g)

|x 1| = |x 5|

d)

|x 2| = 2 |x + 1|

Na brete tic timc tou x gia tic opoec alhjeei kajema ap tic paraktw sqseic:
2.51.

a)

|x 3| > 4

b)

|x 3| 2

g)

|x 3| 8

d)

|x 3| < 8

2.52.

An |x 4| 3, na dexete ti |x2 25| 24.

12

2.4
2.53.

Rzec pragmatikn arijmn

Upologste tic parastseic:

3 27 18

a)
2.54.

b)

45 5 5 34 3 250

g)

3 7 21 21

d)

(10)2 +

(10)8

Upologste tic parastseic:

25 3 24

a)

b)

g)

16

21

217

d)

130

270

26

210

13

2.55.

Apodexte ti:

a)

10

10 +

2=2

b)

34 3

34 + 3 = 5

2.56.

a) An 0 < x < 1, na dexete ti

x2 x x2 2x + 1 = 2. x1

b) An 1 < x < 5, na dexete ti

2.57.

a) Na brete b) Apodexte ti
2.58.

x2 2x + 1 x 1 . = 6 x2 + 2x + 1 + x2 10x + 25 ta anaptgmata twn 3 + 1 2 kai 3 1 2 .

4 + 2 3 4 2 3 = 2.

Apodexte ti: a)
4 33 12 3 3 3 =3

b)

1 93 3 = 3 275

Na metatryete tic paraktw parastseic se isodnamec me rhtoc paronomastc: 7 3 5 a) b) g)

2.59.

52

13

Na metatryete tic paraktw parastseic se isodnamec me rhtoc paronomastc: 10 2 2 a) 4 b) 2 g)

2.60.
7

Na touc pragmatikoc arijmoc a kai b stic paraktw periptseic: sugkrnete a) a = 7 5 kai = 3 . b) a = 12 5 kai = 10 6.
2.61. 2.62.

Na sugkrnete touc pragmatikoc arijmoc a kai b stic paraktw periptseic: a) a = 5 = 3 2 2. 2 6 kai b) a = 2 kai a = 3.
3 4

2.63.

a) An x, y enai mh arnhtiko pragmatiko arijmo, na dexete ti

x + y 2 x y.

b) An x, y, z enai mh arnhtiko pragmatiko arijmo, na dexete ti

(x + y )(y + z )(z + x) 8xyz.

14

3
3.1
3.1.

Exisseic
Exisseic 1ou bajmo

Na lsete tic exisseic: a) 0, 3(x 2) = 1 + 0, 1(x 4) b) b)

v2 R x + 1 2x =x4 2 5

3.2.

Na lsete tic exisseic: a)

4x 1 x 1 = 8 2 8 4x 1 x1 = 8 2

3.3.

Na lsete touc paraktw tpouc wc proc a, R kai m antstoiqa: a) V

= V0 (1 + a)

b) F

=m

g) I =

mnE mR1 + nR2

3.4.

Na lsete tic paraktw exisseic gia tic diforec timc thc paramtrou b)

R:

a) ( 1)x = + 5
3.5.

2 2 x = 2

g) 2 x 2 = 25x + 10

O Nkoc dibase na biblo 300 seldwn se 4 hmrec. Kje mra dibaze 10 seldec perissterec ap thn prohgomenh. Psec seldec dibase thn prth mra; 3.6. Agrase kpoioc na salni pou apoteletai ap tsseric polujrnec kai na kanap kai plrwse 960. An o kanapc kostzei so 2 polujrnec, na brete pso kostzei kje polujrna kai pso kostzei o kanapc. 3.7. Ap touc majhtc miac txhc, oi miso phganoun sto sqoleo me ta pdia, to 1/3 autn qrhsimopoie podlato, to 1/9 autn phganei sto sqoleo me to lewforeo kai do majhtc touc phganoun oi gonec touc me to autoknht touc. Psouc majhtc qei h txh aut; 3.8. Se na kritrio axiolghshc me 20 erwtseic kje swst apnthsh bajmologetai me 10 mondec, gia kje lanjasmnh apnthsh afairontai 5 mondec, en an se kpoia erthsh den doje kpoia apnthsh ote dnontai ote afairontai mondec. O Girgoc den dwse kpoia apnthsh se 2 erwtseic kai pre sto kritrio aut 120 mondec. Se psec erwtseic apnthse swst;
15

Mia brsh mpore na adeisei mia gemth dexamen se 8 rec, en mia llh mpore na gemsei thn dia dexamen tan enai deia se 6 rec. Se psec rec ja gemsei h dexamen, an enai deia kai anoxoume tautqrona kai tic do brsec;
3.9. 3.10.

Na lsete tic exisseic: a) x3 8x2 x + 8 = 0 b) (x 4)2 (4 x)(x + 3) = 0 b)

1 x = 2 x+3 x 9

3.11.

Na lsete tic exisseic: a)

x2 3 5 1 + = x x1 x

3.12.

Na lsete tic exisseic: a) 2 |x 8| =

1 |x 8| + 5 3

b) b) b)

1 |x 2| 1 = |x 2| 5

3.13.

Na lsete tic exisseic: a)

|x 3| + |2x 6| = 30 |x 2| + 3x 1 = 5 x

3.14.

Na lsete tic exisseic: a)

||2x 1| 2| = 3 x2 4x + 4 = |3x + 4|

3.15.

Na lsete tic exisseic: a)

|x 1| + |x 2| = 5

b)

|x 1| + |x 2| = 1

16

3.2
3.16.

H exswsh

x = a.

Na lsete tic exisseic: b) x4 16 = 0 b) x5 11 = 0 b) 2x4 + 6x = 0 b) x21 = 221 g) x4 5 = 0 g) x3 + 27 = 0 g) x10 + 2x2 = 0 g) (x + 1)4 = 16 d) x4 + 5 = 0 d) x3 + 9 = 0 d) x9 2x = 0 Na lsete tic exisseic: Na lsete tic exisseic: Na lsete tic exisseic: d) (2x + 3)3 = 27 Na lsete tic exisseic: a) x8 + 3x7 2x 6 = 0 b) x9 + x8 28 x 28 = 0

a) x2 = 64
3.17.

a) x5 = 32
3.18.

a) x4 8x = 0
3.19.

a) x10 = 210
3.20.

'Enac kboc akmc x, qei gko mikrtero ap ton gko enc orjogwnou parallhlepipdou diastsewn x, x, 5x kat 32cm3 . Na brete to mkoc thc akmc tou kbou.
3.21.

17

3.3
3.22.

Exisseic 2ou bajmo

Na lsete tic exisseic: b) 3x2 + 6x + 3 = 0 b) x2 5 = 0



a) x2 4x + 3 = 0
3.23.

g) 3x2 x + 2 = 0

Na lsete tic exisseic: a) x2 8x = 0 g) x2 + 20x + 100 = 0 b)

x+2 3x 2 (x + 2)2 = 2 2

3.24.

Na lsete tic exisseic: a)



1 x 3



1 1 x+ = 2x 3 9

3.25.

Na dexete ti gia opoiodpote a 0, h exswsh

2x2 3x + a + 5 = 0

enai adnath sto R.

3.26.

Na dexete ti gia opoiodpote a R, h exswsh

x2 ax + a 1 = 0

qei lsh sto R. Sth sunqeia na lsete thn parapnw exswsh.

3.27.

Dnetai h exswsh

x2 4x + 2 = 0

me gnwsto x kai parmetro ton pragmatik arijm l. a) Na brete gia poiec timc tou l h exswsh enai adnath. b) An h exswsh qei rza ton arijm 5, na brete thn parmetro l kai thn llh rza.
3.28.

To embad enc tetragnou enai arijmhtik so me to enniaplsio thc pleurc tou auxhmno kat 10. Na upologsete thn pleur tou tetragnou.

3.29. Qarakthrste wc swst lanjasmnh kajema ap tic paraktw protseic: a) H exswsh 2x2 5x + 1 = 0, qei 2 rzec sto R me jroisma 5/2. b) H exswsh 2x2 5x + 10 = 0, qei 2 rzec sto R me ginmeno 5.

18

3.30.

Na brete do arijmoc, efson uprqoun, pou na qoun: a) 'Ajroisma 6 kai ginmeno -3. b) 'Ajroisma 6 kai ginmeno 10. 3.31. Na brete exswsh 2ou bajmo pou na qei rzec tic 1/2 kai 1/3. 3.32. H exswsh
x2 5x 3=0

qei rzec touc pragmatikoc arijmoc x1 , x2 . a) Na brete to jroisma kai to ginmeno twn rizn thc parapnw exswshc. b) Na kataskeusete mia exswsh 2ou bajmo pou na qei rzec touc arijmoc 1 = x1 + 2 kai 2 = x2 + 2. 3.33. Jewrome thn exswsh
x2

17 + 1 x +

17 = 0.

a) Na lsete thn exswsh me th bojeia tou tpou pou dnei tic rzec miac exswshc 2ou bajmo. b) Na lsete thn exswsh me th bojeia twn sumperasmtwn gia to jroisma kai to ginmeno rizn miac exswshc 2ou bajmo. 3.34. Dnetai h exswsh
2x2 2 4 x + = 0

pou l pragmatikc arijmc. a) Na brete gia poiec timc tou l h exswsh qei 2 rzec antjetec. b) Na brete gia poiec timc tou l h exswsh qei 2 rzec antstrofec. 3.35. Na lsete tic exisseic: a) x4 + 2x2 8 = 0 b) x20 6x10 + 8 = 0 g) (x 5)2 = |x 5| + 6 3.36. Na lsete tic exisseic: a)

x2 3x + 2

+ 2 x2 3x + 3 5 = 0

b)

8 4 x 2 = x 2 x 2x x

3.37.

Dnetai h exswsh
x4 + ( 4) x2 + 1 2 = 0

pou l pragmatikc arijmc. Na brete gia poiec timc tou l, h exswsh qei tsseric diaforetikc metax touc an do pragmatikc rzec.
19

4
4.1
4.1.

Anisseic
Anisseic 1ou bajmo

Na lsete tic anisseic: a) 3(x 1) + 2(5 x) > 4 x b) b)

2x + 2 2x 1 x + 1 >1+ 3 4 3 x2 3 2x 7 + > 5 10 10

4.2.

Na lsete tic anisseic: a)

x1 2x 1 2 3 6 3

4.3.

Na brete tic koinc lseic twn anissewn

5x 8 x1 3

kai

2(3x 1) < 3(4x + 7).

4.4.

Na brete gia poiec timc tou x alhjeei h sqsh

1 4x 1 4. 3 2

Mia txh etoimzei mia ekdrom sto tloc thc sqolikc qronic. Do taxidiwtik grafea A kai B prosfroun tic uphresec touc noikizontac ekdromik lewforea wc exc: Grafeo A: 200 kai gia kje qilimetro 15 lept. Grafeo B: 210 kai gia kje qilimetro 10 lept. Gia poiec timc thc qiliometrikc apstashc enai pio sumfrousa h prosfor tou grafeou A; 4.6. Na lsete tic anisseic:
4.5.

a)
4.7.

|2x 1| |2x 1| 1 + > 5 2 2

b)

|x 1| < |x 2|

Na lsete thn answsh

||x 1| 3| < 2.

4.8.

Na brete gia poiec timc tou x alhjeoun oi sqseic: b)

3 |x 2| 8

a) 5 |x 10| 7

g)

|x| < |x 1| < |x 3|

20

4.2
4.9.

Anisseic 2ou bajmo

Na paragontopoisete, an aut enai dunatn, ta trinuma: a) 2x2 3x + 1 b) 9x2 6x + 1 g) x2 + 3x + 5 Na aplopoisete tic parastseic: a)
5x2 + 4x 1 x2 1

4.10.

b)

2x2 (2a + 1)x + a x 2 a2

a) 'Otan to x metablletai ap 3 wc 5, to prshmo tou triwnmou metablletai; b) Na lsete thn answsh x2 8x + 12 0.

4.11.

x2 8x + 12

4.12.

Na lsete tic anisseic: b) x2 4x 4 g) x2 + x + 5 > 0 d) 2x2 + x + 1 < 0 b) 2x2 3x + 2 > 6x2 8

x2 5x + 6 0.

a)

2x2 + x + 3 > 0

4.13.

Na lsete tic anisseic: a) 5x2 + 3x 2 > 4x2 2x + 4 Na brete tic koinc lseic twn anissewn
x2 8 < 0

4.14.

kai

4.15.

Na brete gia poiec timc tou x alhjeei h sqsh

3 < x2 + 2x + 3 < 0.

4.16.

Apodexte ti h answsh
x2 + 5ax + 9a2 0

pou a pragmatikc arijmc, alhjeei gia kje pragmatik arijm x.

4.17.

Na brete tic timc tou R gia tic opoec to trinumo

( 5)x2 3x + 4

enai jetik gia kje x R.

21

5
5.1
5.1.

Prodoi
Akoloujec

Na brete touc tsseric prtouc rouc twn akoloujin: b) a =

+1 2 + 1

a) a = 2 + 5
5.2.

g) a = (1)4 +1

d) a = | 8|

Na brete touc tsseric prtouc rouc twn akoloujin: a) a1 = 2 ,

a +1 = 1 + a a + 1

b) a1 = 0 ,

a +1 = a2 1

5.3.

Na orsete anadromik tic akoloujec: a) a = 2 + 9 b) a = + 1 g) a = 2 3 b) a1 = 1 , d) a =

1 2

5.4.

Na brete to niost ro twn akoloujin : a) a1 = 5 ,

a +1 = a + 3 a +1 = 3a

5.5.

Jewrome thn akolouja

a = 1 1 . +1

a) Apodexte ti kje roc thc akoloujac autc enai megalteroc ap ton epmeno, dhlad
a > a +1 .

b) Na dexete ti
5.6.

a +1 a 3 =1+ . a +2 a +1

Orzoume 1! = 1 kai ! = 1 2 3 gia kje akraio 2. Na brete ton niost ro thc akoloujac
a1 = 4 , a +1 = ( + 1)a .

22

5.2
5.7.

Arijmhtik prodoc

Dnetai h arijmhtik prodoc: 5, 9, 13, . . . a) Na brete to niost ro thc prodou. b) Upologste to jroisma twn 10 prtwn rwn thc prodou. g) Upologste to jroisma: 5 + 9 + 13 + + 405. 1 |x 1|, |x 1| kai |x 1| + 2 enai diadoqiko roi ari5.8. Oi arijmo 2 jmhtikc prodou. Na brete to x. 5.9. Jewrome thn akolouja a = 3 + 2. a) Na dexete ti h akolouja aut enai arijmhtik prodoc. b) Na brete to jroisma twn 30 prtwn rwn thc. g) Na brete thn txh tou rou thc pou enai soc me 62. 5.10. Se mia arijmhtik prodo o prtoc roc thc enai soc me 6 kai o dwdkatoc roc thc enai soc me 94. Na brete thn diafor thc prodou kai ton dkato ro thc. 5.11. Se mia arijmhtik prodo o ktoc roc thc enai soc me 12 kai to jroisma twn xi prtwn rwn thc enai so me 42. Na brete ton pmpto ro thc prodou kai to jroisma twn 20 prtwn rwn thc. 2 5.12. To jroisma twn n prtwn rwn miac akoloujac enai S = 3 + . a) Na brete to niost ro thc akoloujac. b) Apodexte ti h akolouja enai arijmhtik prodoc. g) Na brete thn txh tou rou thc akoloujac pou enai soc me 100. 5.13. Metax twn arijmn 5 kai 50 paremblloume touc arijmoc
x1 < x 2 < < x .

An x = 3x2 kai oi arijmo 5, x1 , x2 , . . . , x , 50 apotelon diadoqikoc rouc arijmhtikc prodou, na brete to m kai th diafor autc thc prodou. 5.14. S> nan ouranoxsth 60 orfwn, ta grafea tou diou orfou qoun to dio enokio. Kje grafeo tou prtou orfou enoikizetai 200  to mna. Kje grafeo enc orfou, enoikizetai 20  to mna akribtera ap na grafeo tou prohgomenou orfou. a) Poio enai to mhniao enokio enc grafeou tou pmptou orfou; b) Pso akribtero enai to mhniao enokio enc grafeou tou eikosto orfou ap na tou ogdou orfou; g) Se poiouc orfouc to mhniao enokio enc grafeou xepern ta 950  ;
23

5.3
5.15.

Gewmetrik prodoc

Dnetai h gewmetrik prodoc: 5, 10, 20, . . . a) Na brete to niost ro thc prodou. b) Upologste to jroisma twn 10 prtwn rwn thc prodou. g) Upologste to jroisma: 5 + 5 2 + 5 22 + 5 23 + + 5 219 . Oi arijmo x, x + 1 kai 4 x, pou gewmetrikc prodou. Na brete to x.
5.16. 5.17.

x 0,

enai diadoqiko roi

Jewrome thn akolouja a = 3 2 . a) Na dexete ti h akolouja aut enai gewmetrik prodoc. b) Na brete to jroisma twn 10 prtwn rwn thc. g) Na brete thn txh tou rou thc pou enai soc me 3072. Se mia gewmetrik prodo to jroisma tou trtou kai tou ttartou rou thc enai so me 20 kai h diafor tou deterou ap ton ttarto ro thc enai sh me 10. Na brete ton prto ro kai to lgo thc prodou.
5.18. 5.19.

To jroisma twn n prtwn rwn miac akoloujac enai S = 2 (3 1). a) Na brete to niost ro thc akoloujac. b) Apodexte ti h akolouja enai gewmetrik prodoc. g) Na brete thn txh tou rou thc akoloujac pou enai soc me 324. d) Psouc prtouc rouc thc akoloujac prpei na proume gia na qoume jroisma so me 484 ;
5.20.

An x jetikc akraioc, na lsete thn exswsh

2 + 22 + 23 + + 2x = 2046.

5.21.

H tim agorc enc autokintou sthn arq thc fetinc qronic tan 10.000 . Enai gnwst ti sto tloc kje qrnou, to autoknhto qnei to 10% thc axac pou eqe sthn arq tou qrnou. a) Poia enai h axa tou autokintou sto tloc tou prtou qrnou; b) An a enai h axa tou autokintou sto tloc thc niostc qronic, na exetsete an h akolouja a enai gewmetrik prodoc. Sthn perptwsh pou enai, na brete to lgo thc prodou. g) Pso ja meiwje h axa tou autokintou 10 qrnia met; d) Sto tloc poiou qrnou h axa tou autokintou ja gnei sh me 7290 ;
24

6
6.1
6.1.

Sunartseic
H nnoia thc sunrthshc

Poiec ap tic paraktw antistoiqec enai sunartseic; a) Majhtc enc sqoleou Hmra genejlwn b) Majhtc enc sqoleou Didaskmena majmata sto sqoleo g) 'Ellhnac polthc A.M.K.A. d) 'Ellhnac polthc Arijmc astunomikc tautthtac.
6.2.

Na brete ta peda orismo twn sunartsewn:

3 4x + 2

a) f (x) =
6.3.

b)

x3 + 1 g (x) = 2 x 16

g) h(x) =

x2 5x + 4 x4

Na brete ta peda orismo twn sunartsewn:

a)

x5 f (x) = 2 x 8x

b) g(x) =

|x| 1

g) h(x) =

3x + 4 x32

6.4.

Jewrome th sunrthsh f (x) = x2 + 3x 1, x R. a) Na brete ton tpo thc sunrthshc g(x) = f (x + 1) + f (x 1). b) Na brete ton tpo thc sunrthshc h(x) = f (x2 ) + f (2x).
6.5.

Jewrome th sunrthsh
8 < 2 x + 8x, x 2 . f (x) = : 3x + 4, x < 2

Na brete tic timc f (1), f (4) kai f (2).

6.6.

Jewrome th sunrthsh
8 < ax2 2x, 3 x 5 f (x) = : 5x + 4a, x > 5

pou a pragmatikc arijmc. a) Na brete to pedo orismo thc sunrthshc. b) Na brete thn tim thc paramtrou a gia thn opoa isqei f (6) = f (1).
25

6.7.

Jewrome th sunrthsh
8

x2 7x + 8, x 3 f (x) = : . |x 3| + 1, x < 3

<

a) Na brete tic timc f (0), f (3), f (4). b) Na lsete thn exswsh f (x) = 2. 'Eqoume perifrxei me surmatplegma mkouc 200 mtrwn, na oikpedo sqmatoc orjogwnou, ap tic treic pleurc tou. H ttarth pleur enai toqoc mkouc x mtrwn. Na brete to embad tou oikopdou wc sunrthsh tou x.
6.8.

Ap na fllo lamarnac sqmatoc tetragnou pleurc 30cm ja kataskeuaste na kout, anoiqt ap pnw, afo kopon ap tic gwnec tou tssera sa tetrgwna pleurc x cm kai peita diplwjon proc ta pnw oi pleurc. Na brete ton gko tou koutio wc sunrthsh tou x.
6.9.

Se mia kointhta h qrwsh thc mhniaac katanlwshc nero gnetai wc exc: a) 25  pgio kje mna, anexarttwc an uprqei qi katanlwsh nero. b) 0, 3 /m3 , gia ta prta 20 kubik mtra nero. g) 0, 5 /m3 , gia sa kubik mtra nero enai pnw ap ta prta 20. Na brete mia sunrthsh h opoa na dnei th qrwsh thc mhniaac katanlwshc nero sunartsei twn x kubikn mtrwn nero pou katanaljhkan.
6.10.

26

6.2
6.11.

Grafik parstash sunrthshc

Jewrome to orjognio parallhlgrammo me korufc shmea A(1, 4), B (5, 4), (5, 2), (1, 2). a) Na brete to embad tou parallhlogrmmou ABGD. b) 'Ena shmeo M (x, y) kinetai entc tou parallhlogrmmou ABGD. Poioi periorismo isqoun gia ta x, y ;
6.12.

Jewrome to shmeo A(2, 4). Na brete to summetrik tou A: a) wc proc ton xona x x b) wc proc ton xona y y g) wc proc thn arq twn axnwn O(0, 0) d) wc proc thn diqotmo thc gwnac xOy .
6.13.

Jewrome th sunrthsh f (x) = x 1 4. a) Na brete to pedo orismo thc sunrthshc f . b) Na knete na pnaka timn thc f kai me th bojeia auto na sqedisete th grafik parstash thc f . g) Na brete to snolo timn thc f me th bojeia thc grafikc thc parstashc.
6.14.

Jewrome th sunrthsh f (x) = x x 2. a) Na brete to pedo orismo thc sunrthshc f . b) Na knete na pnaka timn thc f kai me th bojeia auto na sqedisete th grafik parstash thc f . g) Na brete to snolo timn thc f me th bojeia thc grafikc thc parstashc.

6.15. Na exetsete se kajema ap tic paraktw periptseic, an to antstoiqo digramma apotele grafik parstash sunrthshc.

27

Dnontai to shmeo A(1, 9) kai oi sunartseic f (x) = 2x3 + 8 kai g (x) = x + ax3 , pou a pragmatikc arijmc. a) Na exetsete an to shmeo A ankei sthn grafik parstash thc f . b) Na brete to a ste to shmeo A na ankei sthn grafik parstash thc sunrthshc g. 6.17. Na brete, an uprqoun, ta shmea tomc thc grafikc parstashc f me touc xonec x x, y y se kajema ap tic paraktw periptseic: a) f (x) = x2 5x + 6 b) g(x) = x 2 3 g) h(x) = x 2 + 5 6.18. Na brete, an uprqoun, ta shmea tomc twn grafikn parastsewn twn sunartsewn f kai g, se kajema ap tic paraktw periptseic: a) f (x) = 2x2 5x, g(x) = x2 4 b) f (x) = 2x2 + x + 6, g(x) = x2 + 5 2 6.19. Jewrome tic sunartseic f (x) = 2 |x| 4 kai g (x) = 9x x . a) Na brete gia poiec timc tou x h grafik parstash thc sunrthshc f brsketai pnw ap ton xona x x. b) Na brete gia poiec timc tou x h grafik parstash thc sunrthshc g brsketai ktw ap ton xona x x. 2 6.20. Jewrome tic sunartseic f (x) = x + 3 kai g (x) = 3x + 1. Na brete gia poiec timc tou x h grafik parstash thc f brsketai pnw ap thn grafik parstash thc g. 6.21. Sto sqma pou akolouje dnetai h grafik parstash thc f .
6.16.

a) Na lsete thn answsh f (x) < 0. b) Na brete to prshmo thc timc f (1). g) Na brete to pljoc twn lsewn twn exissewn f (x) = 0 kai f (x) = 4.
28

6.3
6.22.

H sunrthsh

f (x) = ax +

Dnontai oi eujeec 1 : y = 4x 8 kai 2 : y = (3 5)x + 4, pou l pragmatikc arijmc. a) Na sqedisete thn eujea 1 se orjokanonik ssthma suntetagmnwn. b) Na brete to l ste oi eujeec 1 kai 2 na enai parllhlec.

Na brete thn exswsh thc eujeac e se kajema ap tic paraktw periptseic: a) H e qei klsh 3 kai tmnei ton xona y y sto shmeo H (0, 4). b) H e enai parllhlh sthn eujea : y = 5x + 3 kai dirqetai ap to shmeo A(1, 4). g) H e dirqetai ap ta shmea A(1, 5) kai B (2, 1).
6.23.

Na knete tic grafikc parastseic twn sunartsewn f (x) = 3x 6 kai g(x) = 3x + 6 sto dio ssthma suntetagmnwn. Ti parathrete;
6.24.

Dnetai h sunrthsh f (x) = ax + 4, pou a < 0. a) Na brete ta shmea tomc thc grafikc parstashc thc f me touc xonec x x, y y . b) Na brete to embad tou trignou pou sqhmatzetai ap th grafik parstash thc f kai touc xonec x x, y y. g) Gia poia tim tou a to embad tou parapnw trignou enai so me 4;
6.25. 6.26.

Na knete tic grafikc parastseic twn sunartsewn:

8 8 < 3x 1, x1 g (x) = : 2x + 4, x > 1

a)
6.27.

2x 4, x 2 f (x) = : x + 3, x < 2

<

Na knete tic grafikc parastseic twn sunartsewn:

8

a) f (x) = :
6.28.

<

8 < 2x 2, x < 1 g (x) = : x 1, x 1

x, x0 x + 2, x < 0

Jewrome th sunrthsh
f (x) = |3x 6| + 2x 1.

a) Na gryete ton tpo thc f qwrc to smbolo thc apluthc timc. b) Na knete th grafik grafik parstash thc f .
29

Sto paraktw sqma h tejlasmnh gramm enai h grafik parstash thc sunrthshc f kai h eujea gramm enai h grafik parstash thc sunrthshc g.
6.29.

a) Na brete to pedo orismo kai to snolo timn thc f . b) Na brete tic timc f (2), f (1) kai f (4). g) Gia poiec timc tou x isqei f (x) = 3; d) Psec lseic qei h exswsh f (x) = 2; e) Na luje h answsh f (x) g(x).
6.30.

Mia deia dexamen qei gko 2m3 . Mia antla paroqc nero arqzei na th gemzei me rujm 10 ltra an lept. Mlic gemsei h dexamen h antla stamat na leitourge me th bojeia katllhlou mhqanismo. a) Na brete ton gko tou nero (se ltra) sth dexamen sunartsei tou qrnou (se lept) pou qei menei anoiqt h antla. b) Na knete th grafik grafik parstash thc parapnw sunrthshc. To eisitrio tou lewforeou ou sundei do pleic kostzei 0  gia toma mikrtera twn xi etn, 5  gia toma ap xi etn kai nw all mikrtera twn dekaokt etn kai 10  gia toma ap dekaokt etn kai nw. a) Na ekfrsete thn tim tou eisithrou wc sunrthsh thc hlikac. b) Na knete th grafik grafik parstash thc parapnw sunrthshc.
6.31.

30

6.4
6.32.

H sunrthsh

f (x) = ax2

Jewrome th sunrthsh f (x) = 1 x2 . 4 a) Na knete th grafik parstash thc sunrthshc f . b) Na sumplhrsete me na ap ta smbola >, <, =, , ta ken stic paraktw protseic: i. Gia kje x R isqei f (x) f (x). ii. Gia kje x R isqei f (x) f (0). iii. An x1 < x2 < 0 tte f (x1 ) f (x2 ). iv. An 0 x1 < x2 tte f (x1 ) f (x2 ). g) Me th bojeia thc grafikc parstashc thc f na sqedisete th grafik x2 . parstash thc sunrthshc g(x) = 1 4
6.33.

Na knete tic grafikc parastseic twn sunartsewn f (x) = 1 x2 , 2 g (x) = x2 kai h(x) = 2x2 sto dio ssthma suntetagmnwn. Ti parathrete;
6.34.

Na knete tic grafikc parastseic twn sunartsewn f (x) g (x) = x2 + 4 kai h(x) = x2 4 sto dio ssthma suntetagmnwn.
6.35.

= x2 , = x2 ,

Na knete tic grafikc parastseic twn sunartsewn f (x) g (x) = (x 3)2 kai h(x) = (x + 3)2 sto dio ssthma suntetagmnwn.

6.36.

Sto sqma pou akolouje dnetai h grafik parstash thc f h opoa apoteletai ap na tmma parabolc kai na eujgrammo tmma.

a) Na brete to pedo orismo thc f . b) Na sqedisete th grafik parstash thc sunrthshc g(x) = f (x). g) Na brete ton tpo thc f .
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6.5
6.37.

H sunrthsh

f (x) = ax2 + x +

Jewrome tic sunartseic f (x) = 3x2 6x + 5 kai g(x) = 3x2 . a) Na gryete ton tpo thc f sth morf a(x p)2 + q. b) Na brete me poia orizntia metatpish kai poia katakrufh metatpish thc grafikc parstashc thc g mpore na prokyei h grafik parstash thc f . 6.38. Na brete th mgisth thn elqisth tim twn sunartsewn: a) f (x) = 4x2 8x + 3 b) g(x) = 2x2 + x + 1 6.39. Na knete tic grafikc parastseic twn sunartsewn: a) f (x) = x2 4x + 7 b) g(x) = x2 + 2x + 3 2 6.40. Jewrome th sunrthsh f (x) = 2x + ( + 3)x + , pou l, m pragmatiko arijmo. Enai dedomno ti h grafik parstash thc f : a) Efptetai tou xona x x. b) 'Eqei xona summetrac thn eujea x = 2. Na brete touc arijmoc l, m kai sth sunqeia na sqedisete th grafik parstash thc f . 6.41. Sto paraktw sqma dnetai h grafik parstash thc parabolc f (x) = ax2 + x + .

a) Na brete to prshmo tou a, to prshmo thc diakrnousac tou triwnmou f (x) kajc kai to prshmo tou triwnmou f (x) gia 1 x 3. b) Na brete ton tpo thc f .
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Me 200 mtra surmatplegma jloume na perifrxoume mia perioq sqmatoc orjogwnou parallhlogrmmou, me skop na kataskeuaste s> autn na jermokpio. Na brete poiec prpei na enai oi diastseic tou orjogwnou ste to embad tou na enai to mgisto dunat.
6.42. 6.43.

H hmersia paragwg miac perioqc me 30 phgdia ntlhshc petrelaou enai 6000 barlia. 'Ola ta phgdia qoun thn dia hmersia paragwg. Gia kje no phgdi pou anogetai h hmersia paragwg kje phgadio meinetai kat 5 barlia. a) Na ekfrsete thn olik paragwg wc sunrthsh tou arijmo x twn nwn phgadin. b) Na brete ton arijm twn nwn phgadin ste na qoume th mgisth hmersia paragwg.

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