1 

Venerable Chanmyay Sayadaw 
Ashin Janakabhivamsa 
Dhamma Talk at Asian Institute of Technology
THAILAND 
th
6 of March, 2005 
 2 
 

earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®m orÁK'¨ó/

earmwó b*0awm t&[awm ylaZmfxl;udk cHawmfrlxdkufaom or®m orÁK'¨ó
odp&mrSeforSs wprusef o&AÇLÓPfjzifh trSeftwdkif; odawmfrlaom wób*0awm xdk
jrwfpGm bk&m;tm; earm MunfndkjrwfEdk; vufpHkrdk;í &Spfcdk;uefawmh yg\ t&Sifbk&m;/
Ak'¨H opömav;yg; trSefw&m;udk ydkif;jcm;xifxif odjrifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;udk o&PH
qif;&Jy,fcGm csrf;omapwwf tjrwf&wem tm;udk;&m [lí *pämrd ,HkMunfqnf;uyfyg\
bk&m;/
"r®H r*fav;wef zdkvfav;wef edAÁef y&d,wf q,fyg;aom w&m;awmfjrwfudk o&PH
qif;&Jy,fcGm csrf;omapwwf tjrwf&wem tm;udk;&m [lí *pämrd ,HkMunfqnf;uyfyg\
bk&m;/
oHCH t&d,m &Spfazmf oHCmawmfESifh t&d,mEG,f0if orkwd oHCmawmf t&Sif
jrwftaygif;udk o&PH qif;&Jy,fcGm csrf;omapwwf tjrwf&wem tm;udk;&m [lí *pämrd
,HkMunfqnf;uyfyg\ bk&m;/
jrwfpGmbk&m;udk tm;udk;&m[lí ,HkMunfqnf;uyfyg\ bk&m;/ (3 acguf)
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;awmfjrwfudk tm;udk;&m[lí ,HkMunfqnf;uyfyg\ bk&m;/ (3 acguf)
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ wynfhom; oHCmawmfjrwftaygif;udk tm;udk;&m[lí
,HkMunfqnf;uyfyg\ bk&m;/ (3 acguf)
(tmrbaEÅyg bk&m;/)
ygPmwdygwm a0&rPd odu©m y'H orm'd,mrd?
owÅ0g\ toufudk owfjcif;rS a½SmifusOf yg\ bk&m;/
t'dEém'gem a0&rPd odu©m y'H orm'd,mrd?

olwyg;\ ypönf;udk rw&m;,ljcif;rS a½SmifusOf yg\ bk&m;/

umarok rdpäm pm&m a0&rPd odu©m y'H orm'd,mrd?
umr*kPfwdkUü rSm;,Gif;pGm usifhjcif;rS a½SmifusOf yg\ bk&m;/
rkom0g'g a0&rPd odu©m y'H orm'd,mrd?
rrSefaom pum;udk ajymqdkjcif;rS a½SmifusOf yg\ bk&m;/
ol&mar&, rZÆyrm'|mem a0&rPd odu©m y'H orm'd,mrd?
rl;,pfarhavsmUapwwfaom t&ufaopm wdkUudk aomufpm;jcif;rS a½SmifusOf yg\ bk&m;/
“£'Har oDvH r*¾zvÓmPó ypöa,ma[mwk”
wynfhawmfwkdY\ þig;yg;oDvonf r*fÓPf zdkvfÓPf edAÁmeftm; aus;Zl;ûyaom
taMumif;taxmuftyHY jzpfygapownf;/
bk&m; w&m; oHCm wnf;[laom tm;udk;&moHk;yg;ESifU wuG t*Fg ig;yg;ESifUjynfhpHkaom
oDvawmfjrwfudk ½dkaopGmcH,laqmufwnfNyD;í rarhravsmh owdw&m;jzifh oDv orm"d ynm
tusifhw&m;wdkUudkNyD;pD;jynfhpHkatmif Nudk;pm;tm;xkwf&ygap/

c&pfESpf 2005 ckeSpf rwfv 6 &ufaeY? eHeuf 10 em&D 25 rdepftcsdefrSm bkef;MuD;wdkY

xdkif;edkifiH befaumufûrdU Asian Institute of Technology \ w&m;cef;rrSm
 3 
 

bkef;MuD;wdkU w&m;csD;`rSifY Mur,f/

Ak'¨qdkwJh jrwfpGmbk&m;udk Ak'¨vdkY ac:Muawmh Ak'¨u wpfurÇmvHk;rSm wGifaew,f/
‘'gaMumifhrdkYvdk Ak'¨ tpJGûyNyD;awmh Buddhism vdkYqdkMuw,f/ Ak'¨bmom qdkMuw,f/
tJ'Dawmh Ak'¨ tajumif; 'DaeY ajym&atmif/ aocsmem;pdkufaxmifMuaemf/ bkef;MuD;u
w&m;a[mw,fqdk jyefjyefar;wmaemf/ trSwfwrJh remeJU/
tck bmtaMumif;ajymrSmygvdrfh/ “Ak'¨” tajumif;aemf/ “Ak'¨” qdkwJh pum;vHk;a&m
jrifbl;ovm;?/ pmtkyfxJaygh/ pmtkyfxJ jrifbl;&ifawmhodyfrqdk;ao;bl;/ “Ak'¨” u
pmtkyfxJ pmvHk;aygif;awmh b,fvdkaygif;ovJ?/ AxufcsKduf wacsmif;iifNyD;awmh...
"atmufcsKdifheJY 'a'G; qifhawmh... 'a'G; u atmufuvm;? "atmufcsKdifhu atmufuvm;/
("atmufcsKdifh u atmufuyg bk&m;/)
“Ak'¨” qdkwJh pum;vHk;&JY t"dyÜg,fu ½dk;½dk;av; qdk&if “odol”/ “Ak'¨” qdkwm “odol”/
odwwfaomaMumifh Aka'¨g “Ak'¨” rnf\/ “Ak'¨” “odol”/ “Ak'¨” udk
jrwfpGmbk&m;vdkY t"dyÜg,fazmfwJh tcgMuawmh odwmomrefod r[kwfawmhbl;/
xl;xl;jcm;jcm; odwm/ bmudk odwmvJqdkawmh opömav;yg;udk odwm/

trSefw&m;av;yg;udodawmfrlwwf\/ opömav;yg;trSefw&m;udk odawmfrlwwfaomaMumifh

Aka'¨g “Ak'¨” rnfawmfrl\/ Aka'¨g opömav;yg;trSefw&m;udk ydkif;jcm;xifxif odjrifawmfrlaom
jrwfpGmbk&m;/

'Dawmh Ak'¨qdkwm odawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;/ bmudk odawmfrlwmvJ ar;&ifb,fvdkajzrvJ?

(opömav;yg;udkyg bk&m;/)
opömav;yg;udk odawmfrlw,f/ opömav;yg;udk odawmfrlwm oabmw&m;oufouftaeeJY
odwmvm;? udk,fawGYeJYodwmvm;? (udk,fawGYeJYodwmyg bk&m;/)
udk,fawGYeJYodwm/
'Dawmh tJ'D opömav;yg;u opömqdkwm bmt"dyÜg,f½Sdowkef;? 'gaMumifh ckewkef;u
bkef;MuD;csay;wkef;u ? wdkifay;wkef;u
“opömav;yg; trSefw&m;udk ydkif;jcm;xifxifodjrifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;udk”
vdYkcsay;cJhwm/ tJ'gudk 'DtxJu wcsKdY y&dowfu
“opömav;yg; jrwfw&m;udk” vdkU ESKwfusKd;wJh twdkif;qdkMuw,f/ 'gaMumifh opöm
&JYt"dyÜg,fudk rodyJ jzpfvdkY bkef;MuD;u jyefjyifay;wm/ b,fvdkjyefjyifay;wkef;?
(trSefw&m; udkvdkY ygbk&m;/)
tJ'g opöm yJ/ opömw&m; qdkwm trSefw&m;yJ/ tJ'gaMumifhAk'¨H opömav;yg; trSefw&m;udk
ydkif;jcm;xifxif odjrifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;udk o&PHqif;&Jy,fcGm csrf;omapwwf
tjrwf&wem tm;udk;&m [lí *pämrd ,HkMunfqnf;uyfyg\bk&m;/
tJ'D opömav;yg;eJY vGwfwJh jrwfpGmbk&m; w&m;r½dSbl;/ wdkuf½dkufyg0ifwJh tcg
 4 
 

w&m;awmfrSm wdkuf½dkufyg0ifw,f/ oabmtaeeJY yg0ifwJhtcg yg0ifwJh w&m;awG/

'gaMumifh ygVd qdk½dk;wpfck½Sdw,f/
pwkopöm 0dedrkawÅm "ar®m"r®HewÅd/ pwkopöm0dedrkawÅm opömav;yg;rS "ar®m"r® vGwfaom
w&m;rnfonf ewÅd r½Sd/
opömav;yg;u vGwfwJh w&m;qdkwm r½Sdbl;/ w&m;wdkif; w&m;wdkif;rSm opömav;yg;u
wdkuf½dkuf taeeJU aomfvnf;aumif;? oabm taeeJU aomfvnf;aumif; yg0ifw,f/'gaMumifhyJ
jrwfpGmbk&m; ‘'D opömav;yg;udk yxrqHk;w&m;awmfwnf;u xnfUNyD;wdwdusus
½Sif;½Sif;vif;vif; rdefYMum;cJhwm/
jrwfpGmbk&m; yxrqHk;a[mwJh w&m;awmfubmw&m;awmf bmvdrfh?
("r®pMumw&m; ygbk&m;/) b,frSma[mwkef;?
(rd*'g0kef rSmygbk&m;/) rd*'g0kefqdkwm b,fem;rSmwkef;? (Am&mPDoD em;rSm ygbk&m;/) Am&mPDoD
&JUajrmufbuf 6-rdkif tuGm rd*'g0kefqdkwm rd* 'g, 0e ygVdu/ rd* 'g, orifwdkYudk
ab;rJhay;aom? om;orifwdkYudk ab;rJhay;aom 0e awm, ab;rJhawmvdkY qdkvdkw,f/

rd*'g0kef ab;rJhawm/ om; orifwdkYudk ab;rJhay;aom qdkawmh orifawG trsm;BuD; ½SdvdkU

rd* vdkUqdk &aomfvnf; tukefvkH; owÅ0gawG tm;vHk;udk ab;rJhay;xm;wJhawm/ rd* 'g,
0e/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY rd*'ga, 0ae "r®puú y0wÅawm tp½Sdojzifh qdkMuwma&m/

om;orifwdkYudk ab;rJhay;&m jzpfaom ab;rJhawm/ tJ'DrSm yxrqHk;w&m;awmf

"r®pMumw&m;awmf rSmuwnf;u opömav;yg;udk jrwfpGmbk&m; wdwdusus½Sif;½Sif;vif;vif;
a[mcJhw,f/ "r®pMum &Muw,f r[kwfvm;/ &ygw,faemf? qdkprf;ygOD;/
a'Gar bdu©a0 upqdk? a½SUu[mawGu trTef;taeeJU xnfhcJhwm/
(a'Gar bdu©a0...)
tJ'D opömav;yg;udk tJ'D yxrqHk;w&m;awmfuwnf;u jrwfpGmbk&m; ½Sif;½Sif;vif;vif;
a[mcJhw,f r[kwfvm;? opömav;yg;u 'ku©opöm? ork',opöm? eda&m"opöm? r*¾opöm/
bmawGygvdrfh opömav;yg;u? opöm qdkwm bmt"dyÜg,f½SdovJ?
(trSefw&m; ygbk&m;/)
'ku©opöm qdkwm qif;&J trSefw&m;/ 'ku©opöm qdkwm bmvJ?
(qif;&J trSefw&m;ygbk&m;/)
'ku©ork',? ork',opömqdkwm 'ku©ork',opöm/ tJ'DrSm 'ku© udk a½SUuygNyD;om;rdkUvdkY
ork',opöm vdkYqdkvdkufwm/ ork',opömqdkwm jzpfjcif;\ taMumif; vdkYqdkvdkw,f/
'DawmY 'ku©ork',? ork',opömqdkwm qif;&Jjzpfjcif;\ taMumif;trSefw&m;/
ork',opöm qdkwm bmvJ?
(qif;&Jjzpfjcif;\ taMumif;trSefw&m; ygbk&m;/)
tJ'D t"dyÜg,fudk aocsmodxm;rSaemf/ 'ku©opöm qdkwm qif;&J trSefw&m;/
ork',opömqdkwm qif;&Jjzpfjcif;\ taMumif;trSefw&m;/ [kwf&JYvm;/
 5 
 

aemuf eda&m"opöm? eda&m"qdkwm csKyfNidrf;jcif;/ csKyfNidrf;jcif;? r½SdyJjzpfoGm;jcif;?

aemufxyfrjzpfay:awmhjcif;/ tJ'g eda&m"/ bmaemufxyfrjzpfay:wmvnf; qdkawmh
qif;&Jaemufxyfrjzpfay:wm/ bmcsKyfNidrf;wmvnf; qdkawmh qif;&JcsKyfNidrf;wm/ bm
r½Sdwmvnf; qdkawmh qif;&Jr½Sdwmaygh r[kwfvm;? qif;&Jr½Sdbl;qdk&if bmyJ½SdrvJ?
(csrf;omyJ ½Sdygw,f bk&m;/)
avmurSm eSpfck eSpfck? wpfpHk wpfpHk ½Sdwmr[kwfvm;?
tjzL eJU (trnf;yg bk&m;/)
t½Snf eJU(twdkyg bk&m;/)
tydef eJU (t0yg bk&m;/)
qif;&J eJU (csrf;om yg bk&m;/)
qif;&J½SdaevSsifcsrf;om r½Sdbl;/ qif;&Jr½Sdawmhbl; qdk&if csrf;om ½Sdw,f/ 'Dawmh csrf;omu
eSpfrsKd;½Sdw,f/ cHpm;vdkU&w,f csrf;omu wpfrsKd;/ &moDOwkaumif;wJh tcgMuawmh ylao;vm;?
at;at;av; rcHpm;&bl;vm;? (cHpm;&ygw,f bk&m;/) tJ'g csrf;omwmvm;?qif;&Jwmvm;?
(csrf;omwmyg bk&m;/) tJ'g cHpm;vdkU&wJh csrf;om/

aemufMuawmh aeUqGrf;? aeUxrif;pm;Muw,f/ pm;wJh tcgMuawmh udk,fhvSsmeJUawGUwJh

tpm;tpmawGUwJh tcgMuawmh pm;vdkUaumif;vm;? raumif;bl;vm;?
(aumif;ygw,fbk&m;/)
csrf;omwmvm;? qif;&Jwmvm;?
(csrf;omwmyg bk&m;/)
cHpm;vdkU&ovm;?r&bl;vm;/
(cHpm;vdkU&ygw,f bk&m;/)
tJ'g cHpm;vdkU&wJh csrf;om/'gayr,fh aemuf csrf;om wpfrsKd;½Sdw,f/ cHpm;vdkUawmh r&bl;/
odkYaomf csrf;awmhcsrf;om
aew,f/ tckvdkawmh tckajymovdkawmh cHpm;vdkUr&bl;/ at;wmav; cHpm;? yl wmav;
cHpm;? arT; wmav; cHpm;vdkUawmh r&bl;/ csKdwm? csOfwmav; cHpm;vdkUawmh r&bl;/ csrf;awmh
csrf;om aew,f/

'gaMumifh cHpm;&w,fqdkojzifh csrf;om½Sdawmh csrf;omcHpm;&w,f/ 'gayr,fh

csrf;omr½Sdbl;qdk&if wjcm;[m cHpm;&r,fqdkwJh t"dyÜg,fr[kwfbl;vm;/ csrf;omr½Sd&if
bmcHpm;&rvJ/
(qif;&Jyg bk&m;/) qif;&J cHpm;&rSmaygh/ tJ'Dawmh csrf;omu NrJaeovm;/
(rNrJygbl; bk&m;/) rNrJawmh csrf;om r½SdwJh tcsdefr½Sdbl;vm;/ tJ'DtcgMuawmh
bmay:vmowkef;/
(qif;&Jay:vmygw,f bk&m;/) tJ'Dawmh bmcHpm;&rvJ/
(qif;&JcHpm;&ygw,f bk&m;/) cHpm;&ygr,f/
qif;&J vkH;0 Nidrf;oGm;w,f qdkwJh oabmqdk&ifawmh qif;&Jjyefay:rvmawmhbl;/ qif;&J
vkH;0 Nidrf;oGm;wm? tNyD;owfNidrf;oGm;wm? tJovdk qdkvdkY ½Sd&ifawmh csrf;om
 6 
 

ray:vmawmhbl; / tJ'gudk oEÅdokc vdkUac:w,f/ qif;&J vkH;0 Nidrf;oGm;wm? bmrS

ay:rvmawmhbl;/ tJ'gudk oEÅdokc vdkUac:w,f/ tJ'gudk oEÅd vdkUac:w,f/

oEÅdqdkwm vHk;0 qif;&J Nidrf;oGm;wm/ aemufxyf qif;&J jyefray:awmhbl;/ 'Dvdk

oEÅd taeeJU vHk;0qif;&JNidrf;oGm;wJh? qif;&J Nidrf;wJh oabmusawm cHpm;awmh rcHpm;&bl;/
'gayr,fhvnf; vdkvm;tyfovm;? rvdkvm;tyfbl;vm;? (vdkvm;tyfygw,f bk&m;/)
bmaMumifhwkef;? qif;&Jb,fawmhrS rjzpfay:awmhvdkU [kwfw,fr[kwfvm;/
tJ..edAÁmefqdkwm tJ'g ajymwm/
'gaMumifhrdkUvdkU edAÁmefrSm oEÅdokc ½Sdw,fqdkwm tJ'gajymwm/ qif;&JNidrf;aewJh
oabm½Sdw,f/ tJ'D qif;&JNidrf;aewmuvnf; oEÅd/ vHk;0 Nidrf;aewm/ b,ftcgrS
jyefNyD;awmh qif;&Jray:bl;/ tJ'Dawmh rcHawmh rcHpm;&bl;/ qif;&Jawmh Nidrf;aew,f/ vHk;0?
b,fawmhrS ay:rvmawmhbl;/ qdkawmh tJ'D qif;&JNidrf;wJh oabmu vdkvm;tyfovm;?
rvdkvm;tyfbl;vm;?
(vdkvm;tyfygw,f bk&m;/) &r,fqdk&if ,lrvm;?
(,lygr,fbk&m;/) aocsm&JYvm;? aocsm&JYvm;?
edAÁmefvdkcsifw,f qdkwm em;vnfwJh vltrsm;u tJ'gudk ajymwm/ em;rvnfwJh vluawmh
edAÁmefrSm olwdkYu bmvkd? b,fvdk awG;xm;ovJqdkawmh bmrS r½Sdbl;vdkU
oabmaygufxm;w,f/ bmrS r½Sdbl;qdk&ifawmh vdkcsifp&m r½Sdbl;/ r[kwfbl;vm;?
tckawmh uJ edAÁmefrSm bm½Sdwkef;/
(oEÅdokc ½Sdygw,f bk&m;/)
oEÅdokc ½Sdw,f/ [kwfw,fr[kwfvm;? oEÅdokc qdkwm bmvJ?
(qif;&J Nidrf;aewJh oabmyg bk&m;/) qif;&J
Nidrf;aewJh oabm/ tckeu uifqma&m*g jyif;jyif;xefxef cHpm;aewJh vludk Oyrm
xm;Munfhav/ tJ'g awmfwifeJY uifqma&m*g cHpm;NyD;awmh Edk;ae&wm êudufrvm;?
bmqif;&JudkrS rodawmhbJeJY tdyfaysmfae&wm êudufrvm;?
(tdyfaysmfae&wm êudufygr,fbk&m;/)
‘'gayr,fh bmqif;&Jawmh olodrvJ? bmcsrf;oma&m olodrvJ? rodbl;/ 'garr,fvdkY olrSm
bmawmh Nidrf;aeovJ?
(qif;&J Nidrf;aeygw,f bk&m;/)
qif;&Jawmh Nidrf;aew,f/atmf&ao;ovm;? “tar&JU? tb&JU” a&m vkyf&ao;ovm;?
tJ'Dvdkqdk&if tJ'Duifqma&m*g r½Sdawmh temoufomNyD;awmh tdyfaysmfaewJh oabm[m
vdkvm;tyfovm;?rvdkvm;tyfbl;vm;?
(vdkvm;tyfygw,f bk&m;/) 'gaMumifhyJ tdyfaq; xdk;ay;&wmaygh/
r[kwfbl;vm;? 'Dawmh tJ'D OyrmeJU EdIif;MunfhvdkY ½Sd&if qif;&JvHk;0 Nidrf;aewJh oabm? aemf
b,fawmhrS jyefrjzpfawmhwJh oabm oEÅdokc qdkwm[m vdkvm;tyfovm;?
 7 
 

rvdkvm;tyfbl;vm;?
(vdkvm;tyfygw,f bk&m;/)
tJ'g edAÁmefyJ/ edAÁmefqdkwmtJ'gajymwm/ tJ'gudkyJ eda&m" opömvdkUac:w,f/“eda&m"”
qif;&JNidrf;aewJh “opöm” trSef obm0? qif;&JNidrf;aewJh trSef obm0 qdkwm
txl;ojzifh aemufxyf jyefqif;&J rjzpfay:awmhbl; r[kwfbl;vm;? rjzpfay:awmhbl;/
bmaMumifhvJ qdkawmh qif;&Judk jzpfay:apwJh taMumif;w&m;awGudk yg,fowfxm;awmh
taMumif;? qif;&JjzpfapwJh taMumif;awG r½Sdawmh qif;&Ju rjzpfay:awmhbl;/
tJ...rjzpfay:wJh twGuf qif;&J Nidr;faevdkU olUudk eda&m" opöm/ qif;&JNidrf;wJh oabm
trSef/
ewfjynf ajymwmvm;? jA[®mUjynf ajymwmvm;? bmajymwmvJ? (edAÁmef ajymwmygbk&m;/) tJ..
edAÁmef/ tJ'Dawmh tcke ork', opömqdkwm? ork', qdkwJh pum;vHk;&JUt"dyÜg,fodovm;?
bmwJhwkef;? qif;&Jjzpfjcif;\ taMumif;trSef? [kwfvm;?

qif;&Jjzpfjcif;\ taMumif;trSef qdkojzifh 'D ork', opöm ½SdaeorSs qif;&Jwm ½SdaerSm?

jzpfaerSmyJ/ at;..'Dvdk r[kwfvm;? ([kwfygw,f bk&m;/)
tJ'Dawmh tJ'D ork', opömudk jrwfpGmbk&m;u t"dyÜg,fazmfw,fav/ “,m,H wPSm
aygaem AÇ0dum eE´d,mu o[uwm wMw wMwmbd eE´deD? ao,sxd'H umr wPSm? b0
wPSm? 0db0 wPSm”/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'gawG tukefajymaer,fqdk&if ½Snfaer,f/
vdk&if;uawmh wPSm[m ork', opömyJvdkY jrwfpGmbk&m; ajymwm/
tJ'D wPSm udkrS ydkaocsmatmif oHk;rsKd;cJGajymvdkufwJhtcgrSm umr wPSm? b0 wPSm?
0db0 wPSm/ xm;awmh/ tJ'Dawmh wPSm[m ork', opöm/ wPSm[m bmvJ? (ork',
opömyg bk&m;/) 'gjzifh wPSm[m bmjzpfjcif;\ taMumif;vJ? (qif;&J jzpfjcif;\
taMumif; opömyg bk&m;/) qif;&J jzpfjcif;\ taMumif;/ 'gjzifh wPSm ½SdvSsif qif;&J
jzpfrSmyJ/ wPSm r½SdvSsif qif;&J rjzpfawmhbl;/ wPSmenf;enf;av; ½SdvSsif qif;&J
enf;enf;av; jzpfrSmyJ/ wPSmrsm;rsm; ½SdvSsif qif;&Jrsm;rsm; jzpfrSmyJ/

wPSmqdkwm olUpum;vHk;&JY rlv t"dyÜg,fu qmavmifjcif;vdkU t"dyÜg,f&w,f/qmavmifjcif;

qdkojzifh olUxJrSm pm;csifwJh oabmrygbl;vm;? ‘'gaMumifh rdkUvdkU wPSmqmavmifjcif; vdkU rlv
t"dyÜg,f ½Sdovdk awmfawmfMum aemufMuawmh vdkcsif wyfrufESpfouf wG,fwmwm
cspfcifwmrSeforSs tukefvHk; wPSm/ vdkcsifwmvnf; wPSm?ESpfouf wmvnf; wPSm? wG,fwm
wmvnf; wPSm? cspfcifwmvnf; wPSm? wyfrufwmvnf; wPSm/ tJ'gudkyJ “eE´D&m*?
o[uwm wMwwMwm tbd eE´deD” wJhjrwfpGmbk&m; t"dyÜg,fazmfwm/ 'Dawmh ½Sif; ½Sif;?
usOf;usOf; ajym&if vdkcsif wyfruf
ESpfouf wG,fwmwm “wPSm”/
tJ'D wPSmeJY avmbeJU twlwlyJ/ tbd"r®m apwodufu avmb/ avmbvnf; vdkcsif
 8 
 

wyfruf ESpfouf wG,fwmwm rSeforSs avmb/ tJ wPSmuvnf; 'gbJ/

w&m;awmfrSmtoHk;rsm;wmuawmh wPSmqdkwJh pum;vHk;u tokH;rsm;w,f/ t"dyÜg,f twlwlyJ/

'Dawmhvdkcsif wyfruf ESpfouf wG,fwm wmu “wPSm” qdkawmh tJ'D wPSmudk jrwfpGmbk&m;u
bmopömvdkU ajymwkef;?
(ork',opöm yg bk&m;/) ork', opömqdkwm bmt"dyÜg,f½SdovJ?
(qif;&J jzpfjcif;\ taMumif; yg bk&m;/)
qif;&J jzpfjcif;\ taMumif;/ 'Dvdk vdkcsifwm[m qif;&Jjzpfjcif;\ taMumif;/ wyfruf
wm[m qif;&Jjzpfjcif;\ taMumif;/ ESpfouf wm[m qif;&Jjzpfjcif;\ taMumif;/wG,fwm
wm[m qif;&Jjzpfjcif;\ taMumif;/ r&raeEdkifwm[m qif;&Jjzpfjcif;\taMumif;/ [kwf&JUvm;?
cspfcifwm[m qif;&Jjzpfjcif;\ taMumif;/

tJ'Dawmh tcke wdkYajymcJhwJh “eda&m"” qif;&JNidrf;aew,f qdkwm[m qif;&Judk jzpfay:apwJh

taMumif;? tJ'D taMumif;udk yg,fowfxm;wJh twGuf taMumif;r½SdawmhvdkUqif;&Jrjzpfay:wm/
[kwf&JUvm;? qif;&Judk jzpfay:apwJh taMumif;udk yg,fowfvdkufawmhtJ'D taMumif; Nidrf;oGm;vdkU
taMumif;r½Sdawmhbl;/ qif;&Jrjzpfay:wmudk eda&m" opöm/

tJ'gudkyJ ygVdu “tEkyg' eda&m"” vdkUac:wm/ “tEkyg' eda&m"” qdkwmjyefrjzpfay:awmhbJeJU

csKyfNidrf;oGm;wm? csKyfNidrf;jcif;/ b,fawmh tcgrSjyefrjzpfay:awmhbl;/

'Dawmh bmaMumifh tJ'D qif;&J Nidrf;ovJ qdkawmh olUudk jzpfay:apwJh taMumif;

r½SdawmhvdkU/ tJawmh qif;&Judk jzpfay:apwJh taMumif;u b,folawGvJ? ûcHajym&if wPSm/
jrefrmvdk ajym&if avmb/
avmbu jrefrm pum;vm;? ygVdpum;vm; ? ygVdrwwfbl;?jrefrmvdk ajymprf;ygOD;/ vdkcsif
wyfruf ESpfouf wG,fwm wm[m wPSm avmbyJ/ ol[m
bmjzpfjcif;\ taMumif;wkef;?
(qif;&J jzpfjcif;\ taMumif; yg bk&m;/) r[kwfbl;vm;?
tJ'Dawmh vdkcsifawmh qif;&Jw,f/ vdkcsifvSsif qif;&Jw,f/ wyfrufvSsif qif;&Jw,f/
ESpfoufvSsif qif;&Jw,f/ wG,fwmvSsif qif;&Jw,f/ cspfcifvSsif qif;&Jw,f/

NidaevSsifvnf; qif;&Jw,f/ r&raeEdkifvSsif ydkqif;&Jw,f/ [kwfvm;? r&raeEdkifvSsif

ydkrqif;&Jbl;vm;? qif;&Jwmaygh/

'Du jrefrm ausmif;olausmif;om; q&mq&mrawG z,fxm;/ qif;qif;&J&JeJYtvkyfMurf;awG

xdkif;EdkifiH vmvkyfNyD; aewJh yk*¾KdvfawG bmaMumifh olwkdU vmNyD; tqif;&JcHMuwmwkef;/
wPSmaMumifhaygh/ r[kwfbl;vm;? bmwPSmwkef;? aiGwPSmaygh/r[kwfbl;vm;? tJ'Dawmh
 9 
 

olUwkdU bmaMumifh tqif;&J cHaeovJ qdk&if ajym&if b,fvdkajymrwkef;? wPSmaMumifh/

qif;&Jaewm/
r[kwfbl;vm;? tJ'g tqif;&JqHk;vlawG
ajymwm/ tck [dk awmifydkif;rSm yifv,furf;ajcrSm Tsunami aMumifh olwdkU'ku©a&mufaeMuw,f/
'gayr,fhvnf;yJ vlodrcH&Jbl;/ tpdk;& todrcH&Jbl;/ awmxJoGm;ae&w,f/ ydkrqif;&Jbl;vm;?
ydkqif;&Jw,f/ bmaMumifh qif;&Jwmwkef;?wPSmaMumifhaygh/ r[kwfbl;vm;? 'gjzifh&if 'Du
ausmif;olausmif;om;q&mq&mrawGa&m qif;&Jovm;? csrf;omovm;? qif;&Jygw,f/
bmaMumifhwkef;?
(wPSmaMumifh yg bk&m;/) tJ'gyJ r[kwfvm;? ork',opömaMumifh 'ku©opömjzpfaewm/
r[kwfbl;vm;? ork',opömaMumifh 'ku©opömjzpfaewm/ 'gjzifh&if tJ'D'ku©ra&mufcsifvSsif 'D
qif;&J r½SdcsifvSsif bmudk yg,fowf &rvJ?
(wPSmudk yg bk&m;/)
tJ.. ork', wPSm udk yg,fowf&r,f/ [kwfw,fr[kwfvm;? wPSm udk
yg,fowfzdkUqdkwm cufcJovm;? vG,fulovm;?
(cufcJ ygw,f bk&m;/)
cufcJ ygw,f[kwfvm;/ odkUaomfvnf;yJ b,ftvkyfrsKd;rqdkZJGaumif;aumif;eJUolUvkyfenf;vkyf[ef
rSefrSefeJU vkyfvdkU½SdvSsif waeU ratmifjrifbl;vm;?
(atmifjrifygw,f bk&m;/)
wPSm uvnf; yg,fowfzdkU cufaomfvnf;bJ wPSm yg,fowfwJhenf; jrwfpGmbk&m;
ay;cJhawmh tJ'Day;cJhwJhenf;udkyJ pdwf½Snfvuf½Snf tcsdef,l êud;êud;pm;pm; usifhoHk;r,fqdk&if
'D wPSm rNidrf;Edkifbl;vm;?
(Nidrf;Edkif ygw,f bk&m;/)
tJ Nidrf;vSsif qif;&J Nidrf;NyDaygh/
Oyrm txif½Sm;qkH;ajymr,fav/ bkef;MuD;wdkU naeusawmh 4-em&D? 5-em&D npm
pm;csifvdkU rqif;&Jbl;vm;?
(qif;&J ygw,f bk&m;/)
bkef;MuD;wdkU rSmav/ bkef;MuD;wdkUrSmajymwm/ owdudk r&ygbl;/ [kwf&JUvm;/ owdudk r&ygbl;/
owdawmif r&ygbl;qdkawmhpm;csifOD;rvm;?
(rpm;csifygbl; bk&m;/) pm;csifwJh wPSm r½Sdbl;qdkawmh qif;&JOD; rvm;?
(rqif;&Jygbl; bk&m;/)
tJ'D wPSm av;wpfck Nidrf;oGm;wmeJU qif;&Jwpfck Nidrf;roGm;bl;vm;? trSefawmh
qif;&Jwpfckwnf; Nidrf;wmvm;? ruygbl;/ npm &zdkU&mtwGuf ydkufqH ½Sm&ao;ovm; ?
(r½Sm&ygbl; bk&m;/)
csuf&ûywf&ao;ovm; ? (rcsuf&ygbl; bk&m;/)
 10 
 

yef;uefaq;&ao;ovm; ? (raq;&ygbl; bk&m;/)

wpfcg pm;aewJh tcga&m tvkyfu
½Sdaew,f? xrif;upm;&OD;r,f/ tvkyfuvnf; vkyfcsif? xrif;uvnf; pm;csif/ tJ'D
tcga&m rqif;&Jbl;vm;?
(qif;&J ygw,f bk&m;/)
tJ'D txJrSm udk,frêudufwJh tpmeJUawGUjyefawmh
(qif;&J ygw,f bk&m;/)
[kwf&JUvm;? tJ'gjzifh tJ'D qif;&JrsKd;pHk bmaMumifh
jzpfvm&wmwkef;? npm wPSmaMumifh/ r[kwfbl;vm;? 'Dawmh npm wPSmwpfckav;
Nidrf;oGm;wmeJUyJ qif;&J awGtrsm;MuD; Nidrf;roGm;bl;vm;? raocsmbl;vm;?
(aocsmygw,fbk&m;/)
uJ..'gjzifh Oykvf rapmifhcsifMubl;vm;?
(apmifhcsifygw,f bk&m;/)
apmifhcsifvSsifawmh tck udk;yg;oDvay;vdkufr,f/
udk;yg;oDvay;vdkufr,f/ b,fvdkwkef;/
'Dawmh oabm pOf;pm;MunfhzdkU ajymwmyg/ ork', opömudk wpdwfwydkif;av;Nidrf;vdkufwmeJU
'ku©opömyg Nidrf;oGm;wm/ tifrwef [efusw,f? tifrweftusKd;rsm;w,f/ tJ'Dawmh
tdrfaxmifrûywJh twGuf Nidrf;wJh qif;&JawG enf;ovm;?
(renf;ygbl; bk&m;/)
renf;bl;/ [kwf&JUvm;? tJ'Dawmh ûywJh twGuf jzpfay:wJh qif;&JawGua&mrenf;bl;/ tJ'g[m
ork', opömaMumifh jzpfwJh 'ku©opömMuD;yJ/ [kwf&JUvm;?
tJ'g aocsmpOf;pm;Munfh&if jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU opömw&m;u rrSefaybl;vm; ?
(rSefygw,fbk&m;/)

tifrwef rSefw,f/ 'gaMumifh vdkcsif wyfruf ESpfouf wG,fwmwJh wPSm

avmbu ork', opöm? qif;&J jzpfaMumif; trSefw&m;/ rSefovm; ?
eda&m" opöm qdkwmu qif;&JNidrf;aewJh trSefw&m;/ qif;&J r½SdwJh trSefw&m;/ qif;&J
r½SdwJh trSefw&m;qdkawmh qif;&Ju b,ftcgrS r½SdrSmvJ ? wPSm y,fEdkifrSaygh/

r[kwfbl;vm;? qif;&J tJ'Dvdk jzpfay:apwJh taMumif;w&m; wPSmudk yg,fEdkifvSsif qif;&J

Nidrf;w,f/ enf;enf; yg,fEdkifvSsif enf;enf; Nidrf;w,f/ rsm;rsm; yg,fEdkifvSsif rsm;rsm;
Nidrf;w,f/ 'gaMumifh vdkcsif wyfruf ESpfouf wG,fwmwJh wPSm avmbu ork', opöm?
qif;&J jzpfaMumif; trSefw&m;/ taMumif; wPSm csKyfNidrf; jcif;aMumifh tusKd;w&m;
tusKd;qif;&J rjzpfay:bJ csKyfNidrf;wmu bm opöm? taMumif; wPSm csKyfNidrf; jcif;aMumifh
tusKd;qif;&J rjzpfay:bJ csKyfNidrf;wmu eda&m" opöm/ jzpfudkrjzpfay:awmhvdkU olu
 11 
 

Nidrf;aewm/ tJ'g[m qif;&JNidrf;wJh oabmbJ/ tJ'g[m “tEkyg' eda&m"” vdkU ygVdu

zGifhw,f/ “tEkyg'” b,faomtcgrS jyefrjzpfay:awmhbJ “eda&m"” Nidrf;aew,f/
'gaMumifhrdkUvdkU taMumif; wPSm csKyfNidrf; jcif;aMumifh tusKd;qif;&J rjzpfay:bJ
csKyfNidrf;wmu bmvJ?
(eda&m" opömyg bk&m;/)
qif;&JcsKyfNidrf; trSef ewfjynfvm;?jA[®mjynfvm; bmwkef; ?
(edAÁmef yg bk&m;/) edAÁmef/ tJawmh edAÁmef oabm aygufovm;/
(ayguf ygw,f bk&m;/) aygufw,f/ vdkvm;tyfovm;? rvdkvm;tyfbl;vm;?
(vdkvm;tyfygw,f bk&m;/)
tJ'D oEåd okc qdkwJh oabmav;em;vnfxm;vSsif 'gvdkvm;tyfwmyJ qdkwm em;vnfw,f/
'Dawmh 'ku©opöm[m qif;&JtrSefw&m; qdkwm cE¨mudk,f eJU pdwfudk ajymwm/ cE¨mudk,fa&m
pdwfa&m 'ku©opöm/ tJ'gudkbJ w&m;pum;vHk;eJU ½kyf eJU emrf/

½kyfvnf; rjywfjzpfjzpfNyD;ysufysufaew,f? emrfvnf; rjywfjzpfjzpfNyD; ysufysufaew,f/

rjywfjzpfjzpfNyD;ysufysufaeovdkbJ qif;&Jw,f/ tJ'g 'ku©opöm/ tJ'D 'ku©opöm ½kyf eJU emrfudk
rjzpfay:apwJh ½kyf?emrf qif;&J udk jzpfay:apwJh taMumif;w&m;u b,folvJqdkawmh
ork', opöm/ wPSm/
'gjzifhvSsif qif;&J Nidrf;csifvSsif bmvkyfrvJ/ ork', opöm wPSm yg,f/ wPSm yg,f
vSsif b,fa&mufrvJ? eda&m" opömqkdufr,f/ [kwfvm; ? tJ'Dawmh vdk&if;u bmvJ
qdkawmh qif;&J Nidrf;csifvSsif wPSm yg,f/ wPSm yg,fcsifvSsif 'ku©opömudk odatmifvkyf/
aoaocsmcsm odatmifvkyf/
'ku©opömudk rodao;orSsawmh csrf;om½Sdaew,f vdkU 'Dvdkr,lqbl;vm; ? ,lqw,f/
csrf;om½Sdaew,f vdkU,lqw,f/ csrf;omqdkwmav;[m
tNrJr[kwfayr,fhvdkU ½SdwJh tcg ½Sdaew,fvdkU ,lqw,f/ tJ 'ku©opömudk trSeftwdkif; odcsifvSsif
bmvkyf&rvJ qdkawmhwJh r*¾ opömudk usifh&r,f/

r*¾ opömudk usifh&if 'ku©&JU obm0 trSef udk trSef twdkif;odr,f/ tJvdk trSeftwdkif;odvSsif
trSef twdkif;odwJh 'ku©ay:rSm vdkcsifwyfrufwJh wPSm? ork', opömr½Sdawmhbl;/ r½Sdbl;qdkwm
yg,fvdkufwm/ wPSm ork', opöm r½Sd&if bmNidrf;rwkef; ?

('ku©Nidrf;ygw,f bk&m;/) 'ku©Nidrf;awmh b,fpdkufoGm;rwkef; ? (eda&m" opömpdkuf ygw,f

bk&m;/) eda&m" opöm/
'gaMumifhrdkUvdkU r*¾ opömudk jrwfpGmbk&m;u t"dyÜg,fazmfawmh qif;&JNidrf;&modkUa&mufaMumif;
tusifhvrf; trSefw&m;vdkU 'Dvdk t"dyÜg,fazmfw,f/ r*¾opömqdkwm r*¾if ½Spfyg;/ r*¾if ½Spfyg;u
qif;&J Nidrf;&modkUa&mufaMumif; tusifhvrf;trSefw&m;/ tJ'D tusifhusifhvSsif r*¾if ½Spfyg;jzpfr,f/
 12 
 

r*¾ ½Spfyg;jzpfvSsif 'ku©opömudkodr,f/ 'ku©opömodvSsif ork', opöm yg,fr,f/ ork', opöm

yg,fEdkif vSsif eda&m"opömqdkuf r,f/ tJ'g r*¾ opömudk usifhw,fqdkwm “bma0wAÁ” vdkUajym
wm/
“bma0wAÁ” qdkwm usifhw,fvdkUajymwm/ usifh&r,fh w&m;/ tJ'g usifhvdkU½SdvSsif
'ku©opöm y&dan,s 'ku©opömudk odr,f/ 'ku©opöm qdkwm od&r,fh w&m;/ rodao;bl;
qdkvSsif wG,faew,f/ wG,faevSsif qif;&JNyD/

“rodvSsifwG,f? odvSsif jy,f? wG,frdvSsif ab;? jy,fvSsif at;” qdkwm opömav;yg;udk

twkdcsKyf a½S;q&mawmf wpfyg; rdefUcJhwm/ bmaMumifh rodwmvnf; qdkawmh ckeu r*¾
opömudk rusifhvdkU/ r*¾ opömusifhvSsif 'ku©opömudk odw,f/

'ku©opömudk 'ku©obm0trSeftwdkif;odNyDqdkvdkU ½SdvSsif olUtay:rSm 'ku©jzpfaewJhtwGuf NidwG,frI

r½Sdawmhbl;/tNidtwG,f jy,fw,f/ rwyfruf? rESpfoufawmhbl;/ tJ'Dawmh ork', opöm wPSm
yg,fNyD;om; jzpfa&m/ olUudk yg,frdNyDqdkvdkU½SdvSsif bma&mufoGm;rvJ?
qif;&Jjidrf;roGm;bl;vm; ? qif;&Jjzpfjcif;\ taMumif;yg,fvSsif qif;&JNidrf;&m ra&muf
bl;vm; ? qif;&JNidrf;wmu bmwkef;? (eda&m"opömyg bk&m;/) eda&m"opöm? edAÁmef
[kwf&JUvm; ?
'Dawmh ..udkif;vdkufqdk/

(rjywf jzpfysufaewJh ½kyfemrf ESpfyg;u 'ku©opöm? qif;&JtrSefw&m;/) 3-acguf

(vdkcsif wyfruf ESpfouf wG,fwmwJh wPSm avmb u ork', opöm? qif;&JjzpfaMumif;
trSefw&m;/ ) 3-acguf
(taMumif; wPSm csKyfjcif; aMumifh tusKd; qif;&J rjzpfay:bJ csKyfNidrf;wmu eda&m" opöm?
qif;&J csKyfNidrf;jcif; trSefw&m;/) 3-acguf
(r*¾if ½Spfyg;u r*¾ opöm? qif;&J csKyfNidrf; &modkU a&mufaMumif; tusifUvrf; trSef/) 3-
acguf
tJ'D r*¾if ½Spfyg;tusifU qdkwmu vG,fvG,fav;&,f/ cE¨mudk,f eJU pdwf rSm jzpfaewJh
oabmawG jzpfwJh twdkif; owduyf NyD; odae/
tJ..tJ'g r*¾if ½Spfyg;yJ/
ylae&if ylwmudkodae? emae&if emwmudk odae? vIyf&if vIyfwmudk odae? ½G&if ½Gwmudk odae?
pOf;pm;&ifpOf;pm;wm odae? pdwful;&if pdwful;wm odae? pdwfqdk;&if pdwfqdk;wm odae? jzpfwdkif;
jzpfwdkif;udk owduyf NyD;odaewm tJ'g r*¾ opömyJ/

tJ'DxJrSm r*¾if ½Spfyg;ygw,f/

tck bkef;MuD;wdkU w&m;pcef;awGrSm usifhw,fqdkwm tJ'D r*¾opöm tusifhbJ/ tJ..wjcm;[m
usifhwmr[kwfbl;? vdkufodaewm/ 'gbJ/ cE¨mudk,frSm jzpforSs? pdwfrSm jzpforSsawmufavsmuf
odaewmbJ/ uJ..vdkufqdk/
 13 
 

cE¨mudk,frSm jzpforSs? pdwfrSm jzpforSs oabmawGudk jzpfae ½SdaewJh twdkif; owdeJU

apmifh½I/ tJ'g owdyXmef 0dyóem bJ/ tJ'g r*¾if ½Spfwef tusifUrSefbJ/
cE¨mudk,feJU pdwf? ½kyf eJU emrf qdkwJU 'ku©opömudk odatmif Munfhaewm? 'gbJ/ 'gaMumifh...
qGrf;pm;zdkU tcsdefawmif enf;oGm;NyD/ uokwfu&uf pm;&awmUrSmyJaemf/ rwwfEdkifawmU
ygbl;/
bkef;MuD;wdkU y&dowf[m r*¾if ½Spfyg; tusifhw&m;udk usifhMuH yGm;rsm; tm;xkwfMujcif;jzifh
'ku©opömudk trSeftwdkif; odNyD;awmh ork', opömudk yg,fEdkifvdkU eda&m" opöm? qif;&JcsKyf
Nidrf;&m edAÁmefudk vsifjrefpGm qdkufa&mufEdkifMuygap/
ay;wJhqkeJU jynfhygap/

om"k.. om"k.. om"k/

qGrf;pm;NyD;rS a&pufcsr,f/
pnfyif jyefUyGm;jcif; xGef;um;jcif; tusKd;iSg vnf;aumif;? qif;&Jcyfodrf; uif;Nidrf;yg&jcif;
tusKd;iSg vnf;aumif;? oHCmawmf t½Sif jrwfwdkU\ a½SUarSmufü jrwfpGmbk&m;\opömav;yg;
w&m;awmfwdkUudk ½dkaopGm emMum;Mu ygukef\/ ig;yg;oDv udkvnf; xyfrHí cH,laqmuf
wnfygukef\/ rGefjrwfaom qGrf;?cJzG,f?abmZOf csKdcsOf &om tjzmjzmwdkUudkvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;udk
trSL;xm;í o'¨g½Tifvef; vSL'gef;Muygukef\/

rsufarSmufü½Sdaom rGefjrwfaom vSLzG,f 0wåKwdkUudk vnf;aumif;? 0wåKaiGwdkUrS jzpfay:aom

&[ef;awmfwkdUtm; tyfpyfonfh ypönf;av;yg;wdkUudk vnf;aumif;? "r®ylZm tjzpfjzifh
vSL'gef; ylaZmfygukef\/ a0,sm 0dpöwdkUudkvnf; aqmif½Guf Muygukef\/ armfawmf,mOfjzifU
êudjcif;? ydkUjcif; ,me 'geukodkvfudk vnf; ûypk qnf;yl;Muygukef\/

þodkU ,aeU,ckwynfhawmfwdkU ûypk&aom þaumif;rI tpkpkaMumifh wynfhawmfwdkUonf ynm½Sd

olawmfaumif; wkdUESifUom awGUêuH qkHqnf; aygif;oif; qufqH&í ynm½Sd olawmfaumif;
wkdU a[majymaom w&m;rSef pum;rSefwdkUudk emcH rSwfom;&ojzifU ynm½Sd olawmfaumif;
wkdU usifUMuHaexdkifMuonfh twdkif; qif;&JNidrf;aMumif; tusifUaumif; tusifUrSef r*¾if
½Spfwef owd yXmef tusifUwdkUudk usifhMuHyGm;rsm; êud;pm;tm;xkwfEdkif MuojzifU
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