TRNG I HC CNG NGH KHOA CHKT & TH

BO CO TM HIU CM BIN LC DYNAMIC FORCE SENSOR 1050C

NHM 7 MN: K THUT O LNG CM BIN GV: ThS. ON TH HNG GIANG

Dynamic Force Sensor

1050C

Thnh vin nhm 7:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. H Huy Tin Trn Vn Tm Hong Vn Qun Nguyn c Thun L Vn M Nguyn Vn Trm

Mc lc:
I. Gii thiu v cm bin v cm bin lc. 1. Khi nim cm bin. 2. Gii thiu v cm bin lc v cch o lc. Tm hiu v cm bin lc Dynamic Force Sensor 1050C 1. Gii thiu chung v cm bin Dynamic Force Sensor 1050C. 2. Hnh dng v thng s k thut ca cm bin. 3. Cu to v nguyn l hot ng. 4. Thit k mch o cho 1050C. 5. u im v ng dng ca 1050C

II.

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I.

Gii thiu v cm bin v cm bin lc.

Ngy nay cm bin ng vai tr quan trng trong h thng o lng v iu khin hin i. N quyt nh vic c th iu khin t ng hay t ng ha cc qua trnh hay khng. N quyt nh chnh xc v cht lng ca h thng. 1. Khi nim cm bin. Cm bin l thit b dng cm nhn bin i cc i lng vt l v cc i lng khng c tnh cht in cn o thnh cc i lng in hoc c c trng in v c th x l c. Cc i lng cn o (m) thng khng c tnh cht in (nh nhit , p sut ...) tc ng ln cm bin cho ta mt c trng (s) mang tnh cht in (nh in tch, in p, dng in hoc tr khng) cha ng thng tin cho php xc nh gi tr ca i lng o. c trng (s) l hm ca i lng cn o (m) : s = F(m). Ngi ta gi (s) l i lng u ra hoc l phn ng cm bin, (m) l i lng u vo hay kch thch. Thng qua o c (s) cho php nhn bit c gi tr ca (m). 2. Gii thiu v cm bin lc v cch o lc. a. Nguyn tc o lc. Lc c xc nh t cng thc c bn ca nh lut Newton: F = M.a trong M l khi lng ( kg ) chu tc dng ca lc F ( N ) gy nn 1 gia tc a (m/s2). T cng thc ny ta c th xc nh gia tc thng qua php o lc hoc ngc li . i vi php o lc, ta c th thc hin o bng cch s dng 1 lc i khng sao cho lc tng cng v momen ca chng l bng 0. Khi cm bin cn c 1 vt trung gian chu tc ng ca lc cn o v b bin dng, bin dng ny do lc i khng gy ra. Trong gii hn n hi bin dng t l thun vi lc i khng. Bin dng v lc gy nn bin dng c th o bng cm bin bin dng , hoc o gin tip nu 1 trong nhng tnh cht ca vt liu trung
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gian ph thuc vo bin dng ( v d nh ta s dng vt liu p in hoc vt liu t gio). Trong lc P ca mt vt chnh l lc tc dng ln chnh vt trong trng tri t .
PMg

Trong g 9,8 m/s2 v ph thuc vo cao. Nh vy o trong lng ca mt vt thc cht l xc nh khi lng ca vt . Ngc li s dng khi lng bit trong mi trng c gia tc g bit trc s xc nh c lc tc dng , y chnh l nguyn tc o ca cm bin o lc . Do bi tm hiu v cm bin 1050C thuc loi cm bin p in nn ta s i su vo tm hiu nguyn l o lc ca cm bin p in. b. Hiu ng p in. Hin tng p in l hin tng phn cc in v thay i phn cc in trong 1 s cht in mi khi chng b bin dng di tc dng ca lc theo 1 chiu nht nh . Nu ch to t in bng cch ph 2 bn cc ln 2 mt i din ca 1 phin p in mng v tc dng 1 lc ln 2 bn cc th trn 2 bn cc xut hin in tch tri du. Hiu in th ca in tch 2 bn cc t l vi lc tc dng. Li dng c im ny ngi ta ch to cm bin dung o lc tc dng v o cc i long vt l c tc ng ging nh lc tc dng nh p sut gia tc , rung . c gi l cm bin p in . Hiu ng p in l 1 hiu ng thun nghch . Di tc dng ca in trng theo chiu thch hp , th vt liu b bin dng . t bit i vi vt liu p in c th b kch thch n trng thi cng hng c hc rt cao . C ch p in c th c gii thch theo tinh th thch anh. Thch anh l tinh th SiO2. Khi khng c lc tc dng in tch dng v m c tng moment = 0 . Cn khi c lc tc dng th cu trc b bin dng lm cho trng tm ca cc in tch khng trng nhau na, t lm xut hin s phn cc in .
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Trong cc vt liu p in th thch anh c quan tm hng u do tnh n nh cao v cng. Ngai ra gm cng c s dng v gi thanh thp v d sn xut . c. Cm bin p in. Cu to cm bin: Di tc dng ca lc lm cho vt liu p in b bin dng v hnh thnh cc cc tnh .Tuy nhin , nu s dng cc phin ghp n th nhy ca cm bin gim ng k nn thng thng l s dng cc cch ghp bn cc ca t in . C nhiu cch ghp bn cc ca t in . Da vo cu trc hoc c ch hat ng ca cm bin hay n gin v nhy ca cm bin hai phn t c th kt dnh vi nhau v ni theo cc nhn c bin dng cng chiu hay ngc chiu . _ Trong trng hp u song song hai bn p in c ghp i vi nhau , khi in tch v in cung ca t tng ln gp i so vi bnh thng so vi 1 bn cc . _ Trong trng hp u ni tip th in p h mch va tr khng tng len gp i nhng gi t n dung gim xung 2 ln
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Nhng nguyn tc ny p dng cho trng hp ghp nhiu bn cc. i vi thch anh c nhiu cch ch to khc nhau tuy theo yu cu : _ Vng m thch anh : ch nhy vi lc nn tc dng dc theo trc . _ Cm bin thch anh nhiu thnh phn : i vi loi ny ch c tc dng vi 1 hng xc nh ca lc tuy nhin nhy kh cao nn c s dng trong cc trng hp c bit. _ Cm bin c nhy cao : dung o cc lc nh c co to theo cu trc dng dm hoc dng x . Khi c lc tc dng th s c 1 tm co li v 1 tm khc gin ra. Thng dung o cc lc ct . Nguyn l hot ng: Cm bin p in hot ng da trn nguyn l ca hiu ng p in Phn t c bn ca mt cm bin p in c cu to tng t mt t in c ch to bng cch ph hai bn cc ln hai mt i din ca mt phin vt liu p in mng. Vt liu p in thng dng l thch anh v n c tnh n nh v cng cao. Tuy nhin hin nay vt liu gm ( v d gm PZT) do c u im bn v nhy cao, in dung ln, t chu nh hng ca in trng k sinh, d sn xut v gi thnh ch to thp cng c s dng ng k. c trng vt l ca mt s vt liu p in c trnh by trn bng 1 Bng 1: c trng vt l ca mt s vt liu p in
t thm in tr sut (.m) 1012 Modun young (10 N.m )
9 -2

ng lc cc i (107 N.m ) 10
-2

Nhit lm vic Tmax (0C) 550

Vt liu

Thch anh

11 4,5

Y11 80

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Mui seignette

11 350

Y11 19 ,3
>10
10

1,4

45

Y22 30

L.H. PZT5A

11 5,6
11 1.700

>1010 1011

46
Y33 53

1,5 78

75 365

Di tc dng ca lc c hc, tm p in b bin dng, lm xut hin trn hai bn cc cc in tch tri du. Hiu in th xut hin gia hai bn t l nghch

a)

c)

b)

d) Hnh 1:Cc bin dng c bn

a.theo chiu dc b. theo chiu ngang c. theo b dy d. theo b mt vi lc tc dng.Cc bin dng c bn xc nh ch lm vic ca bn p in. Trn hnh 1 biu din cc bin dng c bn ca bn p in. Trong nhiu trng hp cc bn in c ghp thnh b theo cch ghp ni tip hoc song song Trng hp ghp song song hai bn p in, in dung ca cm bin tng gp i so vi trng hp mt bn p in. Khi ghp ni tip in p h mch v tr khng trong tng gp i nhng in dung gim xung cn mt na. Nhng nguyn tc trn p dng cho c trng hp ghp nhiu bn p in vi nhau.
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Phn loi cm bin p in: Cm bin thch anh kiu vng m Cc cm bin thch anh kiu vng in c cu to nh hnh 3, chng gm cc phin ct cc vng m ni vi nhau v ch nhy vi lc nn tc dng dc theo trc 2 1 Hnh 3: Cu to ca cm bin thch anh vng m 1. Cc vng m 2. Cc tm 3. u ni dy Gii hn trn ca di o ph thuc vo din tch ca cc vng m, c t vi kN ( vi ng knh ~ 1 cm) n 103 kN (vi ng knh ~ 10 cm). Ngi ta cng c th dng cm bin loi ny o lc ko bng cch to lc nn t trc (dng cc bulong xit cht cc vng m), khi lc ko c o nh s st gim ca lc nn. Tuy nhin, khi nhy gim 5-10%. Cm bin thch anh nhiu thnh phn.

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Trong cm bin loi ny, cc vng m thch anh c ct theo hng khc nhau, khi chng ch nhy vi mt hng xc nh ca lc.

z y x a) b) c) Hnh 4: Cm bin thch anh nhiu thnh phn a. K hiu cc trc b. Cc phin ct c bit c. Cm bin ba thnh phn vung gc Thch anh c nm h s in p d11, d12, d14, d25, d26 do mt vng in ct theo phng ca trc X ch nhy vi lc nn ( v c d11), cc lc k sinh tc ng, theo cnh bn u khng gy nn hiu ng vi vng m v cc ng lc m hiu ng ca chng lin quan n d12, d14 s khng c mt. Tng t nh vy, mt dng in ct theo phng Y ch nhy vi lc ct theo b dy (v c d26) v bng cch lp ghp hp l c th loi tr hiu ng ca cc ng lc lin quan n d25 (ct theo mt). Hai mt ct c bit ny biu din trn hnh 4b, chng c s dng ch to cc cm bin thch anh nhiu thnh phn. Trn hnh 4c biu din mt cm bin ba phn vung gc gm ba cp vng trn ghp vi nhau, mt cp nhy vi lc nn Fx, hai mt cn li nhy vi lc Fy v Fz vung gc vi Fx

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Tm hiu v cm bin lc Dynamic Force Sensor 1050C 1. Gii thiu chung v cm bin Dynamic Force Sensor 1050C. II.
Cm bin o lc Dynamic Force 1050C l cm bin tch cc v l mt sn phm ca hng A-Tech, s dng ch cm bin p in tr khng thp (LIVM) cha tinh th p in mng. Khi c lc tc ng n s to l mt tn hiu in p tng ng. Cm bin ny l loi cm bin o lc tc ng nhanh vi tinh th p in l loi thch anh cng. Vi phm vi lm vic ln n 5000 LbF vi thang o ln nht l 15000 LbF. Cm bin c th lm vic trong iu kin nhit khc nghit tin cy ca Dynamic Force 1050C cng nh sn phm ca A-Tech c nh gi rt cao trong lnh vc k thut o lng. l kt qu ca mt quy trnh sn xut v lp rp pht trin v ti u ha ca A-Tech trong nhiu nm qua. Dynamic Force Sensor 1050C c ng dng rt nhiu trong cc ngnh cng nghip nng, ngnh hng khng v tr, giao thng vn ti, qun s.

2. Hnh dng v thng s k thut ca cm bin.

a. Mt s hnh nh v 1050C.

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b. Thng s k thut. Thng s k thut nhy Khong nn lm vic Lc nn ti a Lc cng ti a cng Khung tn s cng hng, d b tuyn tnh in p u ra Va p ti a rung ti a H s ca nhy nhit Khong nhit Mi trng hot ng in dung in tr cch in Vt liu lm v Trng lng Khung d phng, trn v di B ni in, hng tm Gi tr -18 5,000 15,000 1,000 11,4 75 +/-1 5 10,000 +/-2500 0,03 -100 ti +500 Hn/Sn 18 1x10^12 Thp khng g 32 1/4-28x0.175 10-32 ng trc n v pC/Lb F Lb F Lb F Lb F Lb/ ln kHz %F.S. Gs Gs % F F pF Ohms Gam

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3. Cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca 1050C.

Cu to: Cu to ca cm bin gm: - Kt ni ng trc - ng ren - Thn - Np va chm

Cu to chi tit:

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Np va

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Nguyn l hot ng: Dynamic Force Sensor 1050C hot ng da trn hiu ng p in, y Dynamic Force Sensor 1050C dng vt trung gian l thch anh v thch anh c nhy v n nh cao, khi khng c lc tc dng in tch dng v m c tng momen bng 0, cn khi c lc tc dng th cu trc b bin dng lm cho trng tm ca cc in tch khng trng nhau na, t lm xut hin s phn cc in. Bng vic o chnh lch in gia hai bn thch anh ta c th xc nh c ln ca lc tc dng. - Phm vi cm bin so vi nhy v xut TC Khi c lc tc dng, cm bin hot ng nh mt ngun dng. i vi ch LIVM ca cm bin Dynamic Force c bn lc ti a c quyt nh bi nhng hn ch c kh nh p lc ti a cho php m cc nh sn xut mun t trn cc tinh th v cc chi tit khc trong thit k. Mi lc ti a tc ng c th s to ra mt tn hiu 5 Volt thun tin cho vic o lc tc dng ca mch o ngoi vi. V ch to theo nguyn tc p in nn ta c cng thc in p ca vt liu p in lin h vi in tch c to ra khi c lc tc ng vo nh sau:

Nhng do gi tr V ny rt b nn v th c mt tn hiu ra 5V th cn khuch i tin hiu ny. Ta c mch in sau:

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Vy t mch trn ta c tn hiu ra y thang l 5V vi cm bin ny th lc rng ca lc o c l 5000LbF th ta c mi lin h gia lc l in p ra l 1mV/LbF. Mch trn c tch hp sn trong cm bin Dynamic force sensor 1050C.

4. Xy dng mch o:
Ta c s tng ng ca cm bin:

Hnh1: S tng ng ca cm bin p in a) Trong di thng rng b) Trong di thng c ch c) Ni vi mch ngoi Trong di thng rng, cm bin tng ng vi mt ngun dng mc song song vi tr khng trong (gm ba nhnh) ca cm bin (hnh 1a). Nhnh , , c trng cho cng hng in c th nht tn s cao nm ngoi di thng ca cm bin. in tr trong Rg l in tr cch in ca vt liu p in, khi tn s thp n tr thnh tr khng trong ca cm bin. T in Cg l in dung ca ngun pht in tch, khi tn s trung bnh v cao n tr thnh tr khng ca cm bin.
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Trn thc t di thng thng s dng, ngi ta dng mch tng ng biu din hnh 1b. Khi ni cm bin vi mch ngoi bng cp dn, tr khng ca cp dn tng ng in tr R1 v t in C1 mc song song vi cm bin, khi mch tng ng c dng hnh 1c. - S khuch i in p Tr khng vo ca b khuch i in p tng ng vi mt in tr R e mc song song vi mt t Ce, khi mch tng ng c dng hnh 2.

Hnh 2: S tng ng ca cm bin

S tng ng c mc ni tip vi b khuch i in th in p li vo ca khuch i xc nh bi cng thc:

- S khuch i in tch Trong mch khuch i in tch, s di chuyn ca in tch li vo s gy nn li ra mt in p t l vi in tch u vo. B khuch i in tch gm mt b bin i in tch - in p u vo, mt tng chun nhy, mt b lc trung gian v mt s tng khuch i u ra cung cp tn hiu ra (hnh 3a). S mch ghp ni cm bin vi b chuyn i in p - in tch trnh by trn hnh 3a.

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Hnh 3: S khuch i in tch

in tch Q c a n t lm cho t ny tch in. Trn bn cc ca t xut hin mt in p t l vi in tch Q. Gi thit h s khuch i v cng ln, in p u vo s gim xung n 0. Tr khng vo ca b chuyn i l tng cng s bng khng, khi s tnh c h s khuch i chuyn i:

=
Mch trn c tch hp sn trong cm bin Dynamic force sensor 1050C. - c trng tn hiu ra c trng tn hiu ra nhn c ca cm bin c dng sau:

Cm bin s dng loi thch anh c cng cao, nh cng cao ny cc cm bin ny c tn s t nhin rt cao.
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Tn hiu ra c rng trong khong t 0V n 5V - S mch o ngoi vi:

Linh kin: vi iu khin Pic16f877a, mn hnh hin th LCD (LM016L), t in C3.

Mt s thng s trong k thut chuyn i ADC

phn gii v sai s o.

Vi:

l u ra cc i (y thang)

N l s bit ca ADC Pic16f877a c tch hp phn chuyn i ADC c s bit ti a l 10bit, theo cng thc (1) th ta s dng s bit ln th c phn gii tinh hn, t sai s hn vy ta s dng s bit ti a ca loi vi iu khin ny.

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T cng thc (1) ta tnh c phn gii ca mch o ca cm bin Dynamic Force Sensor 1050C nh sau:

N = 10bit K= = 0.00488

Vi nhy ca cm bin Dynamic Force Sensor 1050C l 1mV/LbF th ng vi phn gii 0.00488V th mi ln ca lc tc ng vo cm bin l 4.88LbF. Vy sai s tuyt i l 4.88LbF.

Chn tn s ly mu.
Vi Dynamic Force Sensor 1050C th tn s gy ra cng hng lm h hng sensor l vy tn s ly mu ti a l: Tn s t nhin ca cm bin c tnh theo cng thc sau:

Vy tn s ly mu ca Dynamic Force Sensor 1050C c gi tr trong khong:

5. u im v ng dng ca 1050C
u im: Dynamic Force Sensor 1050C c nhay cao, thi gian p ng nhanh, nn thch hp ng dng trong cc h thng dy truyn sn xut, v th nghim vi tc cao. Cu to c kh vng chc giup cm bin c kh nng lm vic trong mi trng khc nghit.

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Khi kt hp vi cc h thng o lng khc, cng s iu khin ca cc h thng gim st s to ra mt h thng t ng hon chnh. Dynamic Force Sensor 1050C c th o lc vi bin o rng( trong khong 5000LbF) vi khn nng lm vic ti a c th chu c lc nn ln n 15000LbF gip cm bin c th lm vic c trong mi trng c lc va p mnh. Dynamic Force Sensor 1050C c th c th k nm vo trong cc chi tit my cn o lc bi v c khi lng nh, cng cao Vi nhng u im trn Dynamic Force Sensor 1050C c ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc i sng sn xut: o lc trong m phng va p kim tra bn ca vt liu trong cng nghip sn xut phng tin giao thng, cc loi vt liu, thit b qun s

Tnh ton lc va chm trong ngnh CN t.

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c tch hp trong cc loi my cng nghip nh my rn, my hn dp iu khin v s dng lc dp

c tch hp trong cc phng tin giao thng ghi li lc do va chm gy ra lu vo trong hp en ca phng tin h tr iu tra v tai nn.

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