1 B mn Vn ti v bo him trong NT B CU HI THI VN P MN: VN TI V GIAO NHN TRONG NGOI THNG I. Chng 1.

Vn ti v mua bn quc t

Cu 1: Ti sao vn ti l ngnh sn xut vt cht c bit? p n: - VT l mt qu trnh tc ng lm thay i v mt khng gian ca i tng chuyn ch - Khng sng to ra sn phm vt cht mi - Sn phm vn ti khng d tr c Cu 2: Trnh by phn loi vn ti p n: - Cn c vo phm vi phc v:Vn ti ni b; Vn ti cng cng - Cn c vo i tng phc v: Vn ti hnh khch; Vn ti hng ha; Vn ti hn hp - Cn c vo phm vi hot ng: Vn ti ni a; Vn ti quc t - Cn c vo khong cch vn chuyn: Vn ti gn; Vn ti xa - Cn c vo mi trng hot ng: Vn ti thy; Vn ti ng b; Vn ti hng khng; Vn ti ng ng - Cn c vo hnh trnh vn chuyn: Vn ti n phng thc (Unimodal transport); Vn ti i sut (Through transport); Vn ti hn hp (Combined transport) Cu 3: Tc dng ca vn ti p n: - Phc v cho i sng kinh t x hi: sn xut; tiu dng; lu thng; an ninh quc phng - L cu ni gia cc vng min - Phc v cho du lch quc t - L th trng tiu thu sn phm ca cc ngnh kinh t khc: ng tu, ch to t, sn xut my bay. - To cng n vic lm cho x hi, tng tng sn phm quc dn. Cu 4: nh ngha v c im ca vn ti: p n: - nh ngha: + Theo ngha rng: l mt quy trnh k thut ca bt k s di chuyn v tr no ca vt phm v con ngi. + Theo ngha hp: l s di chuyn v tr ca hnh khch v hng ho trong khng gian khi tho mn ng thi 2 tnh cht: l mt hot ng sn xut vt cht v l mt hot ng kinh t c lp - c im:

2 + L mt ngnh sn xut vt cht ca x hi: quy trnh sn xut c s kt hp ca 3 yu t: sc lao ng; cng c lao ng; i tng lao ng + L ngnh sn xut vt cht c bit ca x hi L mt qu trnh tc ng lm thay i v mt khng gian ca i tng chuyn ch; Khng sng to ra sn phm vt cht mi Sn phm vn ti khng d tr c Cu 5: Phn tch mi quan h gia vn ti v bun bn quc t p n: - Khi nim vn ti quc t: l hnh thc chuyn ch hng ho hoc hnh khch gia 2 hay nhiu nc vi nhau; im u v im cui nm trn lnh th ca 2 nc khc nhau. - Mi quan h gia vn ti v bun bn quc t + Cc ph vn ti nh hng n gi hng cho bn + Vn ti quc t lm thay i c cu hng ho v c cu th trng XNK + Vn ti quc t nh hng trc tip n cn cn thanh ton ca mt nc. Cu 6: Quyn vn ti l g? Trnh by c s phn chia quyn vn ti trong ngoi thng B p n: - Khi nim quyn vn ti: + Trch nhim t chc vic vn chuyn + Trch nhim thanh ton trc tip cc ph + Quyn thu tu: khi hng ha XNK c chuyn ch bng ng bin - C s phn chia quyn vn ti: Cch 1: Cn c vo quyn vn ti hay quyn thu tu + Nhm 1:Phn ln trch nhim VT thuc v ngi NK: EXW (Ex Works), FCA (Free Carrier). + Nhm 2: Phn ln trch nhim VT thuc v ngi XK: CPT (Carriage Paid to), CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid to), DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid), DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) + Nhm 3: Trch nhim VT c phn chia mt phn thuc v ngi XK, mt phn thuc v ngi NK: FAS (Free Alongside Ship), FOB (Free On Board), CFR ( Cost and Freight), CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight), DES (Delivered Ex Ship), DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay), DAF (Delivered At Frontier). Cch 2: cn c vo chng vn ti chnh + Nhm E: gm duy nht iu kin EXW, ng NK dnh quyn VT chng chnh, mi phng thc + Nhm F: gm cc iu kin FCA, FAS, FOB + Nhm C: gm cc iu kin CFR, CPT, CIP, CIF + Nhm D: gm cc iu kin DES, DEQ, DDU, DDP, DAF Cu 9: Phn tch nhng li ch khi ginh c quyn vn ti p n: - Ch ng t chc chuyn ch, m phn, k kt hp ng vn ti

3 La chn ngi chuyn ch, tuyn ng, phng thc chuyn ch c li cho mnh nu hp ng mua bn khng quy nh c th Ch ng trong vic giao nhn v vn chuyn hng ho Tn dng c i tu bun v phng tin vn ti trong nc nhm tng thu v gim chi ngoi t

Cu 10: Phn tch nhng trng hp khng nn ginh quyn vn ti - Trng hp 1: kh thu hoc khng thu c phng tin VT (thiu ngoi t, khng bit cch thu, cc ph tng so vi thi gian k hp ng mua bn) - Trng hp 2: S chnh lch gia gi FOB v gi CFR, gi FCA v gi CPT l khng c li - Trng hp 3: qu cn bn hoc qu cn mua mt loi hng no trong khi i phng mun dnh quyn vn ti - Trng hp 4: do lut php tng nc hay phong tc tp qun ca cng II. Chng 2. Vn chuyn hng ha XNK bng ng bin

Cu 11: u nhc im ca vn ti bin? u im: - Tuyn ng hu ht l t nhin, khng tn km chi ph u t - Nng lc chuyn ch ln - Chi ph chuyn ch thp - Ph hp chuyn ch hu h cc mt hng trong bun bn QT Nhc im: - Ri ro cao - Tc thp Cu 13: Nu khi nim cng bin, chc nng cng bin, cc trang thit b c bn ca mt cng bin Cu 14: Khi nim tu bun v cc cch phn loi tu bun - Khi nim tu bun: tu bin hot ng v mc ch kinh doanh kim li nhun - Cc cch phn loi tu bun: theo mc ch hot ng, theo phm vi hot ng,.. Cu 15: c trng kinh t k thut tu bun - ng k tu - Quc tch/ c tu - Mn nc - Tui tu - Dung tch - Trng ti - H s xp hng Cu 16: Mn nc ca tu: khi nim v ngha? Khi nim mn nc ngha: Cu 17: C tu l g? ngha ca vic cm c thng v cm c phng tin Khi nim c tu Cc loi c tu : c tu thng v c phng tin

4 ngha ca vic cm c thng v c phng tin Cu 18: Khi nim v ngha ca h s xp hng ca hng v h s xp hng ca tu - Khi nim h s xp hng - Cc loi h s xp hng : h s xp hng ca hng v h s xp hng ca tu - ngha ca h s xp hng ca hng v h s xp hng ca tu Cu 19: Khi nim, c im v phng thc thu tu ch - Khi nim : tu chy trn tuyn ng c nh, gh vo nhng cng nht nh theo lch trnh nh trc - c im: Cu 20: Trnh by khi nim ca phng thc thu tu ch v trnh t cc bc thu tu. - Khi nim - Cc bc thu tu : 6 bc Cu 21: Khi nim v cc chc nng vn n ng bin Khi nim: l chng t vn ti ng bin, do ngi chuyn ch cp cho ngi gi hng khi nhn hng xp hoc khi xp hng ln tu Chc nng: - Bng chng ca hp ng vn ti c k kt - Bin lai nhn hng ch ca ngi chuyn ch - Chng t s hu hng ha Cu 22: Phn bit gia vn n xp hng ln tu v vn n nhn hng xp. Vn n xp : hng ha thc s c xp ln tu, chng minh ngi bn hon thnh trch nhim giao hng. Ngn hng chp nhn thanh ton Vn n nhn hng xp : hng ha cha c xp ln tu , khng chng minh c ngi bn hon thnh trch nhim giao hng. Ngn hng khng chp nhn thanh ton Cu 23: Phn bit vn n ch danh, vn n theo lnh, vn n v danh. Vn n ch danh : ghi ch danh tn ngi nhn hng trn vn n, khng chuyn nhng c Vn n theo lnh : khng ghi ch danh tn ngi nhn hng trn vn n, c th chuyn nhng c bng cch k hu chuyn nhng Vn n v danh : khng ghi tn ngi nhn hng trn vn n hoc ghi to bearer , c th chuyn nhng c bng cch trao tay Cu 24: K hu chuyn nhng chng t vn ti l g ? C nhng cch k hu chuyn nhng no ? K hu chuyn nhng chng t vn ti : K vo mt sau ca chng t vn ti, th hin r ch chuyn ton b quyn s hu hng ha c tn trn chng t vn ti cho ngi khc Cc cch k hu : k hu ch danh, k hu theo lnh, k hu v danh Cu 25: Phn bit vn n i thng, vn n ch sut, vn n (chng t) vn ti a phng thc (vn ti lin hp) Vn n i thng : dng mt cng c vn ti, khng cho php chuyn ti Vn n ch sut : dng mt cng c vn ti, c php chuyn ti sang cng c vn ti khc (cng phng tin vn ti) Vn n vn ti a phng thc : s dng trn 2 cng c vn ti, mt chng t vn ti, mt ngi chu trch nhim trong sut qu trnh vn ti Cu 27: Trnh by trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha theo Quy tc Hague. - Thi hn trch nhim : t khi bc hng cng i n khi d hng cng n

5 - C s trch nhim + 3 trch nhim: Cung cp tu c kh nng i bin ; Trch nhim thng mi i vi hng ha ; Cung cp vn n + 17 min trch : li hng vn ; thin tai ; tai nn bt ng trn bin ; chin tranh ; nh cng, bo ng ni lon ca dn chng ; hn ch do kim dch cm dch ng thc vt ; lnh cm gi, bt gi ca vua cha, ta n, chnh quyn a phng nc s ti ; n t, ni t ca hng ; do cu hoc c cu sinh mng ca ngi v ti sn trn bin ; Do li ca ch hng ; do bao b khng y , khng ph hp vi vic vn chuyn hng ha ; k m hiu khng y d, khng r rng v nhng trng hp tn tht khc ca hng ha m ngi chuyn ch chng minh c mnh v nhng ngi lm cng cho mnh khng c li - Gii hn trch nhim : c k khai th bi thng theo gi tr k khai ; khng k khai th bi thng 100 GBP/ n v hng ha, cc bn c tha thun 1 s tin bi thng khc nhng khng c thp hn 100 GBP Cu 28: Trnh by trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha theo Quy tc Hague-Visby. - Thi hn trch nhim : t khi bc hng cng i n khi d hng cng n - C s trch nhim + 3 trch nhim: Cung cp tu c kh nng i bin ; Trch nhim thng mi i vi hng ha ; Cung cp vn n + 17 min trch : li hng vn ; thin tai ; tai nn bt ng trn bin ; chin tranh ; nh cng, bo ng ni lon ca dn chng ; hn ch do kim dch cm dch ng thc vt ; lnh cm gi, bt gi ca vua cha, ta n, chnh quyn a phng nc s ti ; n t, ni t ca hng ; do cu hoc c cu sinh mng ca ngi v ti sn trn bin ; Do li ca ch hng ; do bao b khng y , khng ph hp vi vic vn chuyn hng ha ; k m hiu khng y d, khng r rng v nhng trng hp tn tht khc ca hng ha m ngi chuyn ch chng minh c mnh v nhng ngi lm cng cho mnh khng c li - Gii hn trch nhim : c k khai th bi thng theo gi tr k khai ; khng k khai th bi thng 10.000 FrC vng/ n v hng ha, 30 FrC vng/ Kg hng ha hoc 666,67 SDR/ n v, 2 SDR/Kg (theo Ngh th Visby 1968) ty cch tnh no c li hn cho ch hng. Nu hng ha ng trong container c k khai s kin th bi thng theo s kin k khai, khng k khai s kin th 1 container c tnh l 1 dn v bi thng Cu 29: Trnh by trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha theo Quy tc Hamburg. - Thi hn trch nhim : t khi nhn n khi giao + Ngi chuyn ch nhn hng khi : + Ngi chuyn ch giao hng khi : - C s trch nhim : theo nguyn tc suy on li. Khng quy nh trch nhim v min trch. Ngi chuyn ch c min trch khi cu ngi v ti sn trn bin v nhng trng hp ngi chuyn ch chng minh c l mnh khng c li. Ngi chuyn ch chu trch nhim trong trng hp chm giao hng

6 Gii hn trch nhim : c k khai th bi thng theo gi tr k khai ; khng k khai th bi thng 835 SDR/ n v, 2,5 SDR/Kg (i vi nhng nc l thnh vin ca IMF) hoc 12.000 MU/ n v hng ha, 37,5 MU/ Kg hng ha ty cch tnh no c li hn cho ch hng. Nu hng ha ng trong container c k khai s kin th bi thng theo s kin k khai, khng k khai s kin th 1 container c tnh l 1 dn v bi thng. Nu v container khng do ngi chuyn ch cung cp th 1 v container l 1 n v bi thng. Chm giao hng bi thng 2,5 ln tin cc cho phn hng chm giao nhng khng vt qu tng tin cc ca ton b l hng.

Cu 30: Trnh by cc ngun lut iu chnh trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo vn n v so snh ni dung v thi hn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch theo cc ngun lut . - Hague/ Brussel 1924 : t khi bc hng cng i n khi d hng cng n - Hague Visby 1968 : t khi bc hng cng i n khi d hng cng n - Hamburg 1978 : : t khi nhn n khi giao Cu 31: Trnh by cc ngun lut iu chnh trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo vn n v so snh ni dung v c s trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch theo cc ngun lut . - Hague/ Brussel 1924 : + 3 trch nhim: + 17 min trch : - Hague Visby 1968 : + 3 trch nhim: + 17 min trch - Hamburg 1978 : theo nguyn tc suy on li. Khng quy nh trch nhim v min trch. Ngi chuyn ch c min trch khi cu ngi v ti sn trn bin v nhng trng hp ngi chuyn ch chng minh c l mnh khng c li Cu 32: Trnh by cc ngun lut iu chnh trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo vn n v so snh ni dung v gii hn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch theo cc ngun lut . - Hague/ Brussel 1924 : c k khai th bi thng theo gi tr k khai ; khng k khai th bi thng 100 GBP/ n v hng ha, cc bn c tha thun 1 s tin bi thng khc nhng khng c thp hn 100 GBP - Hague Visby 1968 : c k khai th bi thng theo gi tr k khai ; khng k khai th bi thng 10.000 FrC vng/ n v hng ha, 30 FrC vng/ Kg hng ha hoc 666,67 SDR/ n v, 2 SDR/Kg (theo Ngh th Visby 1968) ty cch tnh no c li hn cho ch hng. Nu hng ha ng trong container c k khai s kin th bi thng theo s kin k khai, khng k khai s kin th 1 container c tnh l 1 dn v bi thng - Hamburg 1978 : c k khai th bi thng theo gi tr k khai ; khng k khai th bi thng 835 SDR/ n v, 2,5 SDR/Kg (i vi nhng nc l thnh vin ca IMF) hoc 12.000 MU/ n v hng ha, 37,5 MU/ Kg hng ha ty cch tnh no c li hn cho ch hng. Nu hng ha ng trong container c k khai s kin th bi thng theo s kin krr khai, khng k khai s kin th 1 container c tnh l 1 dn v bi thng. Nu v container khng do ngi chuyn ch cung cp th 1 v container l 1 n v bi thng.

7 + Chm giao hng bi thng 2,5 ln tin cc cho phn hng chm giao nhng khng vt qu tng tin cc ca ton b l hng. Cu 33: Trnh by ni dung v thng bo tn tht v khiu ni ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo vn n theo cc ngun lut quc t hin hnh (Quy tc Hague, Quy tc Hague-Visby, Quy tc Hamburg) Hague 1924 Hague 1968 Hamburg 1978 Tn tht r rt Trc hoc ngay Trc hoc ngay Khng mun hn khi nhn hng khi nhn hng ngy lm vic sau ngay hng ha c giao Tn tht khng r Trong vng 3 ngy Trong vng 3 ngy Trong vng 1 ngy rt k t nhn hng k t nhn hng lin tc tnh t ngy hng c chuyn giao cho ngi nhn Chm giao hng Khng cp Khng cp Trong vng 60 ngy k t ngy hng ha c giao Khiu ni 1 nm 1 nm c ko di 2 nm c ko di thm 3 thng thm 3 thng Cu 35: Khi nim v c im ca tu chuyn - Khi nim : Tu khng chy theo lch trnh nh sn, khng c hnh trnh xc nh, ni i v ni n ty thuc vo s tha thun ca ngi thu v ngi cho thu - c im : + khng chy theo lch trnh + B/L + C/P (tha thun) + Hng ln + khng c biu cc + chi ph bc, d, sp xp v co san + Ch tu khng l ngi chuyn ch... Cu 36: Khi nim phng thc thu tu chuyn, trnh t cc bc thu tu chuyn v cc hnh thc thu tu chuyn - Thu tu chuyn l thu tu chy theo yu cu ca ngi i thu (Charterer), trong ngi chur tu (Nominal Shipowner) cam kt ch hng cn ngi i thu tu cam kt tr cc ph thng qua hp ng thu tu (C/P) - Trnh t cc bc thu tu 1. Ch hng lin h vi ship Broker 2. Ship broker tm ngi chuyn ch 3. Tha thun hp ng thu tu (C/P) 4. K kt hp C/P - Hnh thc thu : + Chuyn 1 + chuyn kh hi

8 + Nhiu chuyn lin tc + Thu khon theo thi gian + Thu khon theo khi lng hng ha + Thu ton b con tu + Tu 1 phn con tu Cu 37: Hy quy nh cc iu khon: cng xp d, thi gian xp d, chuyn ch 1 l hng 10.000 tn go t Vit Nam ra nc ngoi - Cng xp d : one safe berth in safe port of .... and always afloat, accessable - Thi gian xp d : WWDSHEX EIU Cu 38: Quy nh v tu ca hp ng thu tu chuyn - Tui tu - GNT - DWT - Name - Present position - Flag - Subsitutive Sister Cu 39: Quy nh v thi gian tu n cng xp hng ca hp ng thu tu chuyn - Ngy xc nh - Khong thi gian Cu 40: Quy nh v hng ha ca hp ng thu tu chuyn - Tn hng chnh xc - Tn hng thay th - Dung sai (MOLOO/ MOLCO) Cu 41: Quy nh v cng xp d ca hp ng thu tu chuyn - Tn 1 cng c th - Tn cng thay th - Cng an ton (vo ra c, lun u ni c) - Th t cng/ cu cng Cu 42: Quy nh v chi ph xp d ca hp ng thu tu chuyn - Liner Term - FI, FI-LO, FIS, FIST - FO, FO-LI - FIO - FIOST Cu 43: Quy nh v cc ph thu tu ca hp ng thu tu chuyn - ng tin thanh ton - Thi gian thanh ton - Phng thc thanh ton Cu 44: Trnh by iu khon quy nh v thng/pht xp d trong hp ng thu tu chuyn. - Quy nh thng pht chung - Thng pht ring - Thanh ton b tr

9 - Thanh ton ring - ng tin thanh ton Cu 46: Hy quy nh cc iu khon: thi gian xp d, thng pht xp d chuyn ch 1 l hng 10.000 tn go t Vit Nam ra nc ngoi - WWD SH EX EIU - DEM/DES : USD 17,000 PD Cu 47: Hy quy nh cc iu khon: cc ph, lut l gii quyt tranh chp, chuyn ch 1 l hng 10.000 tn go t Vit Nam ra nc ngoi - Cc ph : FIOST - Lut l gii quyt tranh chp : Lut Hng hi VN 2005 v cc lut khc c lin quan, c quan gii quyt tranh chp : VIAC HCMC bn cnh VCCI Cu 48: Hy quy nh cc iu khon: hng ha, con tu, chuyn ch 1 l hng 10.000 tn go t Vit Nam ra nc ngoi - 10,000 MT +/- 10% of Rice and/ or bean (Magin in charterers option) - Java Bridge or her subsitutive sister Cu 49: Hy quy nh cc iu khon: chi ph xp d, thi gian tu n cng xp hng, chuyn ch 1 l hng 10.000 tn go t Vit Nam ra nc ngoi - FIOST - 15th 30th Oct, 2011 Cu 50: Phn bit B/L hon ho v khng hon ho - Clean B/L : c ghi ch Clean hoc khng c bt c ph ch xu no v tnh trng bn ngoi ca hng ha trn b mt vn n ; thng c ngi mua v ngn hng ng thanh ton tin hng mt cch v iu kin - Unclean B/L : khng c ghi ch Clean v c ph ch xu v tnh trng bn ngoi ca hng ha trn b mt vn n ; thng khng c ngi mua v ngn hng ng thanh ton tin hng tr phi c tha thun khc Cu 51: So snh c s trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin theo Quy tc Hague, Quy tc Hague-Visby v Quy tc Hamburg. Hague 1924 Hague 1968 Hamburg 1978 Ngi chuyn ch chu trch nhim Ging Hague 1924 Ngi chuyn ch chu trch i vi tn tht, h hng, mt mt nhim i vi tn tht, h xy ra cho hng ha. hng, mt mt hoc chm giao Theo nguyn tc lit k 3 trch nhim hng v 17 min trch : - Rng hn Hague 1924 v + 3 trch nhim: Cung cp tu c Hague Visby 1968, theo kh nng i bin ; Trch nhim nguyn tc suy on li. thng mi i vi hng ha ; - Khng quy nh trch nhim Cung cp vn n v min trch. Ngi chuyn + 17 ch c min trch khi cu min trch : li hng vn ; thin ngi v ti sn trn bin v tai ; tai nn bt ng trn bin ; nhng trng hp ngi chin tranh ; nh cng, bo ng chuyn ch chng minh c ni lon ca dn chng ; hn ch l mnh khng c li do kim dch cm dch ng thc - Bi thng trong trng hp vt ; lnh cm gi, bt gi ca chm giao hng vua cha, ta n, chnh quyn a

10 phng nc s ti ; n t, ni t ca hng ; do cu hoc c cu sinh mng ca ngi v ti sn trn bin ; Do li ca ch hng ; do bao b khng y , khng ph hp vi vic vn chuyn hng ha ; k m hiu khng y d, khng r rng v nhng trng hp tn tht khc ca hng ha m ngi chuyn ch chng minh c mnh v nhng ngi lm cng cho mnh khng c li Cu 52: So snh thi trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin theo Quy tc Hague, Quy tc Hague-Visby v Quy tc Hamburg. Hague 1924 Hague 1968 Hamburg 1978 Ging Hague Visby nhng Ging Hague nhng hp Rng hn Hague v hp hn Hamburg hn Hamburg Hague Visby T cng n cng (t khi T cng n cng (t T khi nhn n khi bc hng cng i n khi khi bc hng cng i giao d hng cng n) n khi d hng cng + Khi nhn n) + Khi giao Cu 53: So snh gii hn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin theo Quy tc Hague, Quy tc Hague-Visby v Quy tc Hamburg. Hague 1924 Hague 1968 Hamburg 1978 t hn Hague Visby v Nhiu hn Hague Nhiu hn Hague v Hamburg nhng t hn Hamburg Hague Visby 100 GBP/ n v hng C k khai th bi - C k khai th bi ha c th tha thun 1 s thng theo gi tr k thng theo gi tr tin khc nhng khng thp khai ; khng k khai th k khai ; khng k hn 100 GBP bi thng 10.000 FrC khai th bi thng vng/ n v hng ha, 30 835 SDR/ n v, 2,5 FrC vng/ Kg hng ha SDR/Kg (i vi hoc 666,67 SDR/ n v, nhng nc l thnh 2 SDR/Kg (theo Ngh th vin ca IMF) hoc Visby 1968) ty cch tnh 12.000 MU/ n v no c li hn cho ch hng ha, 37,5 MU/ hng. Nu hng ha ng Kg hng ha ty trong container c k khai cch tnh no c li s kin th bi thng hn cho ch hng. theo s kin k khai, Nu hng ha ng khng k khai s kin th trong container c k 1 container c tnh l 1 khai s kin th bi dn v bi thng thng theo s kin krr khai, khng k

11 khai s kin th 1 container c tnh l 1 dn v bi thng. Nu v container khng do ngi chuyn ch cung cp th 1 v container l 1 n v bi thng. + Chm giao hng bi thng 2,5 ln tin cc cho phn hng chm giao nhng khng vt qu tng tin cc ca ton b l hng. Cu 54: So snh phng thc thu tu ch v phng thc thu tu chuyn Tu ch (Liner) Tu chuyn (Voyage chater) - Chy theo lch trnh - Khng chy theo lch trnh - Chy theo hnh trnh - Khng chy theo hnh trnh - Hnh trnh xc nh - Khng c hnh trnh xc nh - Ch c B/L - B/L + C/P - Cc iu khon nh sn trn B/L, - Cc iu khon tha thun c khng tha thun c - Khng c biu cc - C biu cc - Cc thng bao gm chi ph bc, - Cc bao gm chi ph bc, d, sp d, sp xp v co san -> cn tha xp v co san thun k - Hng nh, nh, t, cng i v cng - Hng ln, s lng nhiu, cng i n nm trong hnh trnh ca tu v cng n khng nm trong hnh ch trnh ca tu ch - Ch tu thng l ngi chuyn - Ch tu thng khng l ngi ch chuyn ch III. Chng 4. Chuyn ch hng ha XNK bng ng hng khng

Cu 55: V tr v c im ca vn ti hng khng. Cu 56: Trnh by c s vt cht k thut ca vn ti hng khng. Cu 57: Cc t chc vn ti hng khng quc t v Vit Nam. Cu 58: Trnh by c s php l iu chnh vn ti hng khng trn th gii v Vit Nam. Cu 59: Trnh by trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch hng khng theo cc ngun lut iu chnh vn ti hng khng quc t. Cu 60: Trnh by vn khiu ni v kin tng ngi chuyn ch hng khng theo cc ngun lut iu chnh vn ti hng khng.

12 Cu 61: Vn n hng khng l g? Nu cc loi vn n hng khng v trng hp s dng chng. Trnh by cch lp v phn phi vn n hng khng. Cu 62: Cc chc nng ca AWB Cu 63: Cc hng khng l g? Trnh by cc loi cc hng khng. IV. Chng 6. Vn chuyn hng ha XNK bng container

Cu 64: Li ch ca vic vn chuyn hng ha bng container (i vi ngi chuyn ch, gom hng, ngi gi hng) p n: a. i vi ch hng Bo v hng ho, gim tnh trng mt cp, h hng, m t, nhim bn Gim chi ph bao b Gim t/gian kim m hng Hng ho c a t ca n ca (door to door), thc y hot ng mua bn pht trin. n gin ho th tc trung gian trong q/tr vn chuyn ni a, chi ph iu hnh lc lu thng Gim chi ph vn chuyn v ph BH b. i vi ngi chuyn ch Gim t/gian xp d, tng vng quay khai thc tu. Tn dng ti a trng ti v dung tch tu Gim khiu ni ca ch hng v tn tht ca hng ho Gim gi thnh vn ti To k thun li cho vic chuyn ti v vn chuyn a phng thc c. i vi ngi giao nhn s dng container thu gom, chia l hng ho Gim bt tranh chp khiu ni Cu 65: Container l g? Container c tiu chun ha nh th no? Phn loi container. p n: - Khi nim container: container l mt dng c vn ti c cc c im sau: + C hnh dng c nh, bn, chc, s dng c nhiu ln. + C cu to c bit chuyn ch bng nhiu phng thc v phng tin vn ti m khng phi d hng ha ra. + C thit b ring di chuyn t cng c vn ti ny sang cng c vn ti khc. + C cu to c bit thun tin cho vic xp hng vo v d hng ra khi container. + C dung tch bn trong khng di 1 mt khi. - Tiu chun ha container: + Kch thc: chiu di, rng, cao + Trng lng v container + Kt cu: gc cnh, im mc cu, kha - Phn loi container: + Phn loi theo kch thc.

13 + Phn loi theo cht liu ng. + Phn loi theo cu trc. + Phn loi theo cng dng. Cu 66: Cc cng c chuyn ch container v cng, ga, bn bi container. p n: 1. Cng c chuyn ch container - Bng ng bin: Cc loi thuyn chuyn ch container + General cargo ship Tu bch ha thng thng + Semicontainer ship Tu bn container + Full container ship Tu container chuyn dng + Ro-ro ship Tu Ro - ro + Lo-lo Tu Lo -lo + Lighter aboard ship Tu ch x lan - Bng ng st + Trailer On Flatcar TOFC: xp container ln xe r-moc ri xp c container v r-moc ln toa xe mt phng. + Container On Flatcar COFC: Xp container ln cc toa xe mt phng. ch th gi l DST + Double Stack Train: xp chng hai container ln mt toa xe - Bng ng t + t chuyn dng gm u my v r-mooc + Trailer: r-mooc c ng c + Chassis: l mt b khung c cu to c bit c th xp v vn chuyn an ton cho container bng t. + Xe nng (Forklift) hay cn cu di ng: vn chuyn container ti bi, xp d ln xung t. 2. Cng, ga, bn bi container - Cng : (container terminal) l khu vc nm trong a gii 1 cng, c xy dng dnh ring cho vic n nhn tu container, xp d container, thc hin vic chuyn tip container t PT VT ng bin sang cc PTVT khc - Bi container ( container yard) - Container freight station (CFS) : trm thu gom hng l - Inland clearance deport (ICD) Cng thng quan ni a Cu 67: Phng thc gi hng nguyn container FCL/FCL p n: - K/n: Hng nguyn (Full container load-FCL): l hng ca 1 ngi gi hng, khi lng ln, xp trong 1 hay nhiu container. - Nhn nguyn giao nguyn: ngi chuyn ch nhn nguyn t ngi gi hng (shipper) ni i v giao nguyn cho ngi nhn (consignee) ni n. - Trnh t: + Ch hng : Thu v (booking)Vn chuyn cont v khoLm th tc hi quanKp chgiao cont v bi cont ca hng tuLy vn n

14 + Ngi chuyn ch: K Booking confirmation Nhn cont ti CY Pht hnh B/L a cont ra cng xp hng Vn chuyn cont D cont ti cng n a v CY Giao cont cho ngi nhn xut trnh B/L Thu hi B/L + Ngi nhn: Xut trnh B/L Lm th tc hi quan Np thu Vn chuyn Cont v kho--> Tr v Cu 68: Phng thc gi hng l container LCL/LCL p n: - K/n: Hng l (LCL): l hng ca 1 ngi gi hng, khi lng nh, khng ng trong 1 container. Nhn l, giao l tc ngi chuyn ch nhn l t ngi gi hng v giao l cho ngi nhn. Ni nhn hng v giao hng: CFS - Trnh t: + Ngi gi: Vn chuyn l hng ti CFS Lm th tc hi quan Ly B/L + Ngi chuyn ch: Nhn l hng l, pht hnh B/L T chc ng hng l vo container Vn chuyn cont ra CY gn cng giao cho hng tu cng n d hng khi tu vn chuyn v CFS Giao cho ngi nhn hng cc l hng l Thu hi B/L + Ngi nhn: Xut trnh B/L ly hng ti CFS Lm th tc hi quan Chuyn hng v kho Cu 69: Phng thc gi hng kt hp FCL/LCL & LCL/FCL p n: - FCL-LCL: 1 ngi bn, nhiu ngi mua. + a im gi hng l CY, a im giao hng l CFS + Ngi gi hng chu trch nhim v chi ph ng hng vo container, kp ch, nim phong + Ngi chuyn ch chu trch nhim d hng ra khi container v gii quyt container rng. + Trnh t: u i ging FCL/FCL, u nhn ging LCL/LCL - LCL-FCL: Nhiu ngi bn, 1 ngi mua. + a im gi hng l CFS, a im giao hng l CY + Ngi chuyn ch chu trch nhim ng hng vo container, kp ch, nim phong. + Ngi nhn hng chu trch nhim d hng v tr container rng. + Quy trnh: u gi hng ging LCL/LCL, u giao hng ging FCL/FCL Cu 71: Chng t trong vn chuyn hng ha bng container? Phn loi v chc nng? a) Khi nim: l mt chng t vn ti do ng chuyn ch container hoc i l ca h k pht cho ng gi hng sau khi nhn container cha hng b) Phn loi v chc nng - Ngi cp vn n l ngi chuyn ch thc t:

15 + Vn n gi hng nguyn: c pht hnh khi gi nguyn container (FCL/FCL, FCL/LCL); C y 3 chc nng ca vn n; L vn n nhn xp xc nhn tnh trng ca CTN khi giao ln tu + Vn n gi hng l: Pht hnh khi hng c gi l (LCL/LCL hoc LCL/FCL); C 3 chc nng nh vn n gi hng nguyn, L vn n nhn xp xc nhn tnh trng hng ha khi nhn ch - Ngi cp vn n khng phi l ngi chuyn ch thc t: + Vn n gom hng (House B/L): Ngi k pht vn n l ngi t chc chuyn ch nhng khng phi l ngi chuyn ch thc t - Ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng;C y 3 chc nng ca vn n; C th dng trong thanh ton, mua bn, giao dch nu L/C cho php (House B/L Acceptable) + Vn n ch (Master B/L): Do ngi chuyn ch thc t cp cho ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng; Khng c chc nng s hu Cu 73: Dch v gom hng l g v li ch ca n? Trch nhim v vai tr ca ca ngi gom hng p n: - Khi nim: Gom hng l vic tp hp nhng l hng l t nhiu ngi gi cng mt ni i, thnh nhng l hng nguyn gi v giao cho ngi nhn cng mt cng n - Li ch: i vi ngi xut khu: + Hng gi cc thp hn. + Thun li hn khi lm vic vi mt ngi giao nhn. + S dng dch v t ca ti ca v dch v phn phi do ngi gom hng cung cp. i vi ngi chuyn ch: + Tit kim chi ph v thi gian + Tn dng ht kh nng chuyn ch + Khng s tht thu cc i vi ngi gom hng: li ch kinh t - Vai tr v trch nhim ca ngi gom hng: c 2 mi quan h + Ch hng l - ngi gom hng: iu chnh bi vn n gom hng (House B/L). Ngi gom hng l ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng (Contracting carrier) + Ngi gom hng v ngi chuyn ch thc t: iu chnh bi vn n ch (Master B/L) do ngi chuyn ch thc t cp. Ngi gom hng l ngi gi hng (Shipper). Ngi gom hng l ngi t chc vic chuyn ch - Trch nhim ca ngi gom hng ph thuc vo t cch ca h khi k chng t vn ti: + Vi t cch ca ngi chuyn ch (As carrier) + Vi t cch l i l ca ngi chuyn ch (Agent for carrier) + Ngi gom hng cp FBL (VVTPT ca FIATA) th h lun ng vai tr ca ngi chuyn ch. Cu 74: Dch v gom hng l g? Cc bc trong nghip v gom hng

16 Khi nim: Gom hng l vic tp hp nhng l hng l t nhiu ngi gi cng mt ni i, thnh nhng l hng nguyn gi v giao cho ngi nhn cng mt cng n - Quy trnh: + ngi gom hng nhn cc l hng l t nhiu ngi gi khc nhau ti Trm giao nhn, ng gi hng l (CFS) + ngi gom hng tp hp li thnh l hng nguyn container, v ng vo container ti CFS. + ngi gom hng gi cc container theo dng FCL/FCL cho cc i l ca mnh ni n. + i l ca ngi gom hng ni n nhn cc container ny, d hng ra v giao cho tng ngi nht ti CFS ni n. Cu 75: Phn bit Master B/L v House B/L p n: + Vn n gom hng (House B/L): - Ngi k pht vn n l ngi t chc chuyn ch nhng khng phi l ngi chuyn ch thc t - Ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng - Ngi gi, ngi nhn: l ngi gi hng, ngi nhn hng thc t - C y 3 chc nng ca vn n - C th dng trong thanh ton, mua bn, giao dch nu L/C cho php (House B/L Acceptable) - FBL - l vn n gom hng c Phng thng mi quc t cng nhn v c chp nhn thanh ton theo phng thc tn dng chng t. + Vn n ch (Master B/L): Do ngi chuyn ch thc t cp cho ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng. - Ngi pht hnh l ngi chuyn ch thc t - Khng c chc nng s hu - Ngi gi: L ngi gom hng Ngi nhn: i l ca ngi gom hng ti ni n Cu 76: Ti sao khi gi hng bng container nn thay cc iu kin Incoterms CIF, FOB, CFR bng cc iu kin CIP, FCA, CPT p n: - Tn tht xy ra trong thi im t CY Tu: Ngi gi chu trch nhim khiu ni ngi chuyn ch - Tn tht xy ra sau khi hng qua lan can tu: ngi nhn khiu ni ngi chuyn ch. Hng c ng trong container nn khng th kim tra tnh trng hng khi qua lan can tu => khng xc nh c tn tht xy ra chng no v ai l ngi chu trch nhim khiu ni ngi chuyn ch. - Khi giao hng theo FOB, CIF, CFR thng thng L/C quy nh phi c vn n xp => ngi gi hng phi i khi hng thc s c xp ln tu i ly vn n xp => Khi giao hng bng container th s dng iu kin c s giao hng FCA; CIP v CPT Cu 77: Nhc im ca h thng vn ti container p n - Vn u t ln - Hn ch v chng loi hng ha chuyn ch -

17 Hn ch vic chuyn ch hai u: