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y + 5C 09zI *N Z C G +0 D N 5 GB4 0 G B>C % NB4 B G 45C

wPn@aE
: 0 5G C GB a "2 B ) C CN B H* =53 G 5C0 I *0 D )
5GB4 @83 B>CN ?438 B4G P0 5G C ': N B4CNC DN B B>G5C GND 5C
B>G " h5 5G B4C FB B ) 5D B4 C* B NC B4G5C B>G yB 0
G C 0 B CD B4GC GB 5C CN R*N /5D DN B>DNG w GB>GH
M $ FB>NG5C G.0D 5C G5 ) 5C z: CB4N0 5C NFB4
5C2GF4DNGB 5C I B GD0CN
* B4G 1 0 B4G5D0 N EC ?y 0 5G G1 0 5C z 5D C 4C G F

D B 5C 0 5CNNB4GHC GB 5CN
: 0 = P G h I N G C B GB 8
*N 5D C B4 0 5G B4G C N5 G
C CN H GB 5C05D
B4N
959
Pion angle (mrad)
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Pion momentum (GeV)
5DNG = " D B 5CRC M N B4C 0- 5CN 0 *N BnH 5C G=0D

C D GC0 D C "2 5G " 0w P C0N B G B 4
4C G ND 5C 0 Ba4 5 C 5C C FB4 B
" @ Pn@
wPn@haN ."
! C 0J C GB ED 4CNZ 0 B4 G B4G EH ' FB 0J 5D0G 1B4CN G B4@B 4C
0 5x GBnH /% 5 6
C 4G NB4C 43 H B4GB 0 G N 5 GH 0# 5x GBnH+ N5C
ECN G C B 5 5CB 05 C G4HB4CNB C 0 5G B 5C 5C C G>H
CN *CN ^ 5x ) GBnH 5 5C H
GD 5 GH = h
2>=0Il2 <
DNCN G B4C0NCN C0 CFBD B4 ]7/ MB FB4C0 C J G ) BCN 0
4 h GBH D B B P4D 8= 9n3 M B4CN GB4C0 5C 0 G }@B B GB ) @B B
4h GBnH D0G Gh5G I 5 4CC 0 4G B 5C C B D0 4G 5C2GFGx CN5G GD C0
5D h. G 5 0 4G 5DNG 0 D GB ) N4 C G4H 5x GBH I B4C@H 0 *0
5 D B C B4G
@H q 24?
Z C G4 'B P 5 93
I c D 0J 5x GBnHZ FB T B4CNCN B>DNG
NG H D0C0 B4G 5G D " G ' 0 5G B J 5 h ) GBn9
H B4DNG C 0 N5 G C G>H
B4G FB4 5ChB4CNB HCN 5CNFB>GH B4G N G I B CN 5 B4GTN G I *0
H G.0D C B 5 G 0' % B>G " C G G FB>GB G 0/ C )
5 B4G0 GwC xG 0 G= B4G,H B>G w H P B4C0 C G4H I B4
CN 0'
246 \ GC
B4G5DNC GB 5CB4CN" BH G a 0 N G B4G wC
N5 ) G 5C P G C +0$% 2 | B4CN - GG DN G ! N G B 4G
H 2
92
u As Au
" DNC G B4C H"CC G G CN FB B

B4DNG 5 GB N G B 0 5G B N G v
0 G P G C aNhCFB @H DNC G B4C H C G N CNFB40G5CN
D )
B4G P GND 4CC CN 5 B4GlN G
5G B N I +0$% $ BP5GB 5C"D0 B4DNG CED Ga 0 G4CN
B4CN

DN5CNB 5G 5P w G 4 P GB4G,H C G>H B4C0 4 5Ca 0 N G
C C h C G4H\G 55C # B CN h5G
FB4C @3 h 4CN G CN
5= a ^ B4CB B4G D0G 0 C B Z 5 4CC 2 < N H.CNN P G C
FB40G5CN C GB 4
C h. B4N 5CNr G B4C HN G C % D 0 5G C B 5G5D
4CN G \C B4CFB H *: C B4G D B4G I /0 DNCNNB C B ED 4C 0 FB C0 B B4 ) 4G
G50 H ) ' P CN C B CN 0 EC 5 5CN/ 0 CN0 NDNB D 4C C B4CNC0
B>CNx G

2
1.8
F/G/U
1.6
GHEISHA
UrQMD
1.4
1.2
G-FLUKA
UrQMD
1
0.8
100
1000
distance [m]
10000
5DNG B GB 0 GND 5C 0? B4G y G5CN I N 5CNB>CN

DN4CN z C 4 G B I
G 5C ) C0ND N G 0 93
#: C GB 5CNaB B5GB 5GH C G5 8 43
)
G = D B * 8 :* =53 IF: GY ^ =09'I B>CN ?#%Z:,+2# =@2<*"
h. + A %U" =4= B4lDN 0 5G/
D B C005 C G4H C GB 4CN '+ N*C GB
0 ? B>G C0 G B 5 ? G N 4C 0 : GY ^
y 0 G = z
" 'P CN C 5Cmh C0NB4NG4CN C GB 5CN
B B4G H h5CN GB EH
c0 B T FB Z DN G $ B5GB 4CGFC0N'CNN B 5C0 0 B 243B N G E B>C H 0 l C G>H
NB 5D B44C hBhN GP@HDNCN G4C H DN G*DNG 0 B 5GFB B
5G B 5G= G B4DNG C 0 DN G D05G C =@?< : CRB4N0 5C I
B4C@H 4 5C B4CFB H9* FB P G @H DNC G B4C H 0 =
D B CNFB4NG5CN
C GB 5CN 5G B N I 0# w B GB N G=0D 5C 0 B>G *CB N G
B8 B4D0G 0 B4l 0 G
B>GH B4G R" Nl I 0 4 G I *B 5 G,H CN 4
B>D2 0 5C05CFB4NG5CN
D ) B4G GND 5CC C G4HRGB4CN D B 0
9=
dN/dy
Ekin dN/dEkin
EDNCNNG
I 2N
: C 80 5G B 0 D DNG 0
D ) B4G GND 5C* CN h B D B * NC
" G }0 5G CN 0 5x ) GBnH C GB 4CN* G5CN H E CN 5C
$
o
C D Q 0 GB GB 5G G= C
J EF F 4 F n.E>
" H B Hw5C H ' P CN C 0 CN 5 B4GN G G N 5CNT4C l FB>GB G Z 0
FB40G5CN C GB 5C0B N4 C G>H 4CN G
=56%! C HaG C H 1FB4o C G B
NB C GB 5C0C w C G4H^GB4CN D ^ B 0 cEDNCNNG B4G B 4 G,H^ 5G B4C
" NlB N C B4G D B4G 0 G B>G o
B>DNG B l B4G B GB 0 B4C I B4
B> CB4GlN GB4GGBH/ B= |.IF= <
: C 0 *CNq DN GB G 0T ) C G4H C GB 4CN+ EH 5CN GC0
D05C
= y : N5D C
' 0
C hCN FB GB \ 0
G.ND 5CC CN 4 B4G
0 G

DN4CN G5C0CBwN Gl/5C 0 l 5 5C ) C0 4 N G B z8"

D B 5CNB>G N5C 0 5G G 5C0 G 0 9n3 ND l G D B N H B N G
0 05 G C G4HB4CN^ GNB4NG4CN GB>GH B4G Q " CN G 0 5C
C GB 5C B4CN BHC B>C B4GN G B> "BG B 5 H C G4H ) CN ' P CN C H B
H *0 5C0l BHB>CN GND
D05CN
C G>
103
fixed target, p+air

fixed target, p+C
EAS,
p+air
20
102
15
10
10
N
K
-1
10
0
1
210
4 102
6 103
104 10
10512
6
14
10
Ekin (GeV)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
y/y
beam
5DNG ? }0 B4C % C G4H N G=0D 5C 0 C GB 4CNC BN G*N GND

Bv 5C FB C DNGC BnHC B4C N G B DN5C " N 5C CEDN H B 43
y* G FB4NG5CN C GB 5Ch. x* 0 G ?#%Z:,+2# w+ A %D"-z G }F
05G hCN4C FB>NG5C0 C GB 5Ch " NG DNG 5 N G B 4
= 5G B4C 0+ 5C I >B>5CB4CN"CD 5CC GB 5CN & 5 / B4C & B 0 HN G=ND 4C
yG B 5 8
B }GB N H z 0 5CNFB4G,H 5CNo*N GND
DN5CN FB B>G C
B4GN G P G C " CN=D ) NB> 4C^N G=ND 4C^0*C 0 5GG }0 G C B4CN
B>G FB 0( G 5C ) B4xG P4CC GB 5C0 y 0 G = z
: C J? y }0 z C G>H0 G ND 5C 0 NB4NG4CN C GB 5CN I
C *0 B B4 4C
9
4CB4 G.ND FB C DNGCa BnH B?DN5C NB G B h B 4 I Z0*C U"

B =
D p 0 C G4HN G=ND 4C 0 B C GB4CN C 53 B>CN 2>3539
J 4 0
C GB 5CNwB4G CN0D m@H 5CNy |439z B4CN"CD 5CNy 243Bz" N5G CN5 0

D B 5C 0 FB40G5CN C GB 5CNB4G B4G H = B4B0 5C CD0 H C
C G>HG 45C 0 05 ) B>CN ) C G4Hh. *B 2N C Nl=
D B 5C
" GB N HaN G= ND 5C 0 5CNNB4GH B4G I B>DNG G B 4 GB 0 H
0/ 9
B4G
FB CN B C GB 4C I N*CRC ? yG5 z9" 5CN GB4C
5C
D05C C G4Hy ) C G>H
D05CN BnH '0 4G G B 0CN 5G 4 z B4N
B G5CN G ' 0 G C 0 4GlN5 C G4H 4CNlCB4GN G8
yG N 54GB zZ B4 lBP5D
C ? 0 4DNCN
C =
=
D B 5CB>CN 0 DNG G FB> B B4G4CN B4
y/y
beam
1.4
1.2
(1) Baker61
(2) Dekkers65
(3) Lundy65
(4) Allaby70
(5) Cho71
(6) Eichten72
(7) Antreasyan79
(8) Barton83
(9) Abbott92
5
4
8
6
1
2
0.8
1
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-1
10-2
3
1
0
1
210
5
4102 6103 8 10410 1012
146
10
p
(GeV/c)
beam
5DNG 6 $ B 5C 0 CNaFB Ba4C 5C G.0D 5CC G 5C 5CND* 4

CED F @3 <(" l 5 G h 5CNFB4G,H B4G % FB> B #CNN B @H NB4 aG 55CN
" N 54GBpN* G B 4 = 4G B>C 0# B C G>HB4CN 5CNFB>GH B4G
GB N H 0 5QG DN5C GND 5CC CN 5 B4GN G
" G wB B \ 0 B>DNG C 5 GC0 B 0 4G C 5C C G4H GB>CN B4CN )
5CNNB4GH B4G P FB4 B ' B 5Ch 0 B B> B B4D0G C 0 4G G 5C G )
TZN*C C 460Z 4G 4 G I G * CN FB B 0 5G 5C G * 5. FB4
9?
B 5 GB4 0 5G 5 B4G CED

C G4HB4( B> 5CNNB4GH B4G % FB4 B B = * (*B
5G D B4G 0 5G B = 5G B4C *0 5GB4GN G @H : C B4G D B4G C
0 5{G B4GB '0 B4C B>CN B>G C G B 5CB4G DNCND 0 B DNG C 0 4G G 0 5GhC0
B4DNG C FB B4C6 DN ^CB4GN G=
D B 5CN
wPn@aE
& @B4GNC0 5x ) GBnH EH I h5 5G B4C * G ) B4G NCNB 5CN*/5D
o
5C
B4C0 G 5Cq B 5CB B4GxP4C B4G # B C G4 TB405B4 9?>3 /5D q
GB I ND ?4*3 /5D
B G B40HG ND h DNC G B4C 5CN GB H 4 FB B
FB 5 J
B4 m
C * v
hCN
DNB4 G5 GB4C0 0C B4G ^: N4D m C 5C
NB
B4CFB H.
0 #&- ) B4G 5CFB B\B G C G4Hy = 9? z
C
G55G

F/
c;
! "
#%$
!
!

k
'
'
'
'&( )"*
,+.-0/'12
-3 587 9:2;< =
46
$FEHG
7 >>@? ;:2A9B< =
CD
2
,+.-)/'12
-)3 5 7 9:KJ 9B< =
4I
#QR S
7 L@9@:2A9< =
MONQP
!'
,+ -)/'12
4 -)3 5 7 9:2;<4 =
7 >9@:2T < =
!

' / #N'2
%
m'(j)* l cde,.0'2)
I8 2
H
B 2B

k m cFde,.)!)
I K
Q
@@2
OQ
k!i!i cFde, )!)
2
@2
k
~}
y| u

x{

j!
uz
y ws
tx

vu

vw
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j
tu

q rs

#%$

!

nop
n '
i
'&,U2V XW Y Z[Y \2] V ^
m',2 dX [ 2
_.`ba cFdefgh
5DNG | " GB yn z 0( 5C GB4CN 5 G h C D} GBa 0 C GB G GB

- ~ - C GB 5CN
B 9? B48 B4DNG @H (PB N9E B @H CD2 G 0
NCFB4GH 4CNy '0 z B4CN/5DNCN CED 5C0qyG5 z
ChC G G B 5Ca 0P G G= C B G D '5C CED DN ) CD DN 5CN#B N5
C G4 * y 1+ 5C 2.= C N10 D C z G wB B4G l C 5ChB B4G4C
5GG 4CNNC0FB B 4C ~ B>CN ~ C GB 4CN # 4 G I B B4 B ~ B4CN
C B4C HFB> q G G 0 FB4NG5C GND 5CB4CN HB4G B>G
~ G D 4C G
8
96
4B C@HC FB B 4C D DNB 5CN I 5GG B 5CNaB>CN I C B4G D B4G I B4G GND 5C

B 05 GB4CN 5 G C B B4G CN " EDN B4DNG C 0 FB4NG5C GND 5C
C ~ B4CN ~ G B 4CNB4G C B4GH B4CN N5D G 0 4G C B>GB *
4GG 5CNNCN B4DNG C 0 5G ~ 5C0 : C 0 *CN N C GB G EDNG C
1 DN GB
@H B4C 5G B4C ' B N I C DN 5 GBw 0 C G NB4NG4CNB N5
G B4CN 5 G C D I
b
5DNG B 5C 0 GB4CN 4 G h C D P GB

0 C @B 5 H FB>G 5C0
G.ND "C ~ C GB 5CNB N P G C 5C C G4 E2 " C G4H B D B4G
5 5 CC BP4GB 5GHhH D" G B4G CNaFB B 5C Q C 29 B4CN 24353
! C 0/ 4 GCN 0 B DNG N G 4 RB ( )8&-#:,$ D G 5C" 0 N5
9|
b FB>NG5C GND
~ C GB 4CN
%!' !2
) '
4C^C C G B ~ 5CN*G B 4 G GB ~ 5C04G
)
)
[2
2

F .2!B
* FK
*
0
2 2435765859034205:!5;
6:=< >?5@6A< B9

)!!!
)

*

0!!
1 ! F

0'!!!
1 0 'F
1 " F
5@6ON-PQ
"
F$#&%(' ")
*+! [! F$#-, .0/
) !
CED 5@6!6A90< FHG@IKJ"L M
!

0!

0

.b
z{Xz|"}?~=}}@|z"}7 }7
q"r s
q"r
j d lm
j cgk
d
hi
cf
c
W ~=! w}?~= 7 }?~!~=" w( Q}?~ q

tvu
]w_ VXWY
rx
tvu
]?y _ VXWY
r
t u
^7_
r q VXWY
"
Q0 ? w7?
X=( " -w A7OX! A AA
w!= ?O ( w" X=Q

w! = ?O ( ? X=Q
"
w!= ?O ( 7 X=Q
q"r
7
^
q"r
no
.b
j d lm
j cgk
d
hi
7
]
q"r
"
cf
q
c
d
ce
ab c
p q"r
"
]
p q"r
^
R-SUT VXW=YQZ?[=\
-U X=Q?=
5DNG " }0 : C 5GG GB4C0 5 G h C D2x P GD 0 B FB4G \NB4NG4CN

B4wG 4 G m@H (P C 093 ~ C GB 5C0B 9?J
" G5 B B 5C
0 5GG GBh 0 5CN G.ND ^C ~ C GB 5CN*B C G5 5
9? J y h +0-1+ C G4H 0 5G - ~ - 5C0 z C B>G5C DNG 4
' CN
B CN B @= B>GB GnB 5C B D B 0 4G NG 5 HN G C B D 0
C G>H B4GB G I 5GG 5CN0CN G C DNC G B4C HC GB B 5C 0
CN ~ FB B T '0 " B 4CNT 0J B4DNG GD B 9??
GB B D B 0 4G
0 G B CN B B4GB GB 5CN * G4 "
9
?

G
B

N
C
B
0
D
0
C
B
N
C
B
4
B
B

~

GB 5CN 0
~ FB B
9
N// C GB HaC G G B4lBw5C 0 B4G 5C C G4H 5CN B4CN CN FB4NG5CN

B G G B B Z B4G H
B4 0 CED DN ) CED D0 5CN " 0'C G G B 5C= N
NB D G 5C 05D NB 2P B4GaB a C G5 * G C G4H CN HCN
C05DN5 0 4G G B 5C" 0 5C2GFC B 0 B G ( D G5DNG D 5C C G4H )
CN C 0 FB>NG5CaH N1B4CN GBwCNN B FB 1 4CN 0 5C2GFC C B
" EDN GD B # CN DN0H 0/
B a +.-/+ C G4
y + 5C 2.B= z8
C G>H E CN C hN4 GND 5C I C B4G D B4GC $%'&(j+0-1+ C G4HGB4CN I
a B4G 0 5Gl5C0 - CN CNBhC N4 G 55C
" (*
B B4CN G $%'&(+.-/+ G= C + B4DNG C G FB4NG5C GND 5C
=7;) 9 N'9 D " GFG G D G C
C - ~ - 5C0B 9? D
G

h

G
B
G
B

4
B
N
D
G
0Z
0Z P

\C C GB B4CN G GB 5CN/ yn z
B4G 0*CC | * G 5GG 5C0NCNG D B *& #:,$ C G5 B4G B N 0 4G
B>G5C ( " D G 5C / B4 C5GB4NDFB qH * G B4CN 5C C G4H
"
H B>DNG C Na DN0H I N 5 G I GB
C P G
B B>DNG C
C GB - ~ - 5C0B4CN ~ C GB 5CN I
B 4C 0
y DNNCN
GB 0? 4CN GND C ~ C GB 4CN
(* B FB B z N *CC *N DN4 aB^ G4CN C G>HR ' P CN C 0 N5
" B 0
B4 5 G +0-1+ C G4H\GB4CN I * G a FB B 5C B4G hCN q
(* B ~ D "FB m
B y = F93 5 C z B 9? G C C 0I
2 ? N B4N B B>G H B DNC G B4C H^ 0Z
= B
C0N B BP5D
0Z N5 B> 0Z q ~ GD IFB4 5CB4C GB B 5C^ 0Z CN NB B I
2 0 4G*B4C DN GB 5C
" B P 5 B N B4G H 0 *B4C= 5G B4C C 0 5G*N5 B *B>CN^N5 G )
5
C B4D0G C 0 C G FB4NG5C GND 4C\C ~ B4CN ~ 5CNB +0-1+
" HG D0G B\5CN G B4C C G B4 I @H B 0 B 4Gh 0 B 5D 93),?430I 0 4 C
C G4
5CGB
"
0 %/ p '|J;N, /
,,0,/'2

u A A s @
! C 0 H D 0 5C 5GB4G,H @H l DNCN G B4CN0CN 0 G5CN
C GB 5C0
B4CNaC B4G D B4G DN0H
0P Q G P G Z 0 G4CN HwC GB CN B GTC EDN =NGD
1 FB B4G +
NB4 / 0 0U B G'B4CNaN N GB4CN 5CNU C .5 B4G
ED 5CNQ
*N
h B 8B NG@B4 G C B B>CN 4G B ' 5G U" DN0H 0 N5
C G>H^CED D0 ) CED DN 4CNl5 4 D0B DNC0= ED 5= N H B>NNG ED 4CN
C ) 5C G BP4GB 5GH G C
c
9
@J-5P@#"P
& C G D #4C C G>H 'P CN C 0 FB4NG5C G.0D 5CwC C GB - ~ - 5CN
B 243 wI5=53 wI @3 I 43 B>CN 9? hC0 0 G / C G4Hw B4C G55GB B $%'&(
+0-1+ G 4 B4 C % 0 5G / C 0 B GB4CN 5C BC 0 4G 0 G5CN H C GB C0
B G I DFB4G DN4C - B4x
B yk -z C CNB DNG U" EDN HB4G CB>5G C *
4C DNG FB B +0-1+ B4CN -& #:,$ C G5 B G G B B / B4G Hh B>
0 C GB - ~ - my D ~ D z 5C0lC B 0 -
" HG D B>G D 9 B4G C /930
" h5 NGB B 'P B4CC C
C C G4H 'P CN C 0/ GB 01 B4C
D N 0 B4CN
GND P G 4 C C C GB - ~ - 5CN I *0 \ N ^C w B4C 0
GF5DNG *CNB 0 B4 NG 0 G I GB B4 NG5DN5BFB4G B
D
C +0-1+ GB4CN B4CN C h \B G N B B4D B D B N5 G C G5
B45CN*B>G 4 GB4CN FB4NG5CN*B4CN
DNB aB 5D NB 0 0 C2D Gl 0
B B4C ) GB4C0 DNB4GE GND ^C w 5CN U " EDN I G B 4 GB4CN C 4C C
0T q GND
B G B4 NG4DN5B FB4G B =
D B +.-/+ C^CED DN ) CD DN
5CN ( " N 0 B DNG lCN N G 5 0 5G G 4C ) G 4CG B 5CN
5CN= 5G B4C G D 5CN B4C B D 0 B B4G C P GB DNG N G 5
C GB4C0 5 G h C 2D x0 G ND 5CN 0 5C0C C GB - ~ - 5C0B
+0-1+ C G5 B>1N *C C B4C 0P GF5D0G R " PN B B4DhB ' +0-1+ C G5
G
@H B\ ' G 0 B 2 B4G C h P GB DNG B - w+ B4CN 0
EH
B 0 D0G GC G B4 CNN B v@H *& #:,$ FB B GH N G C FB 5G B4DNG RC
G 5C ) G 5CC GB 5CN
- G C H I FB4G B
D B4CN
0 *CN N B B4DRC C G4HR ' P CN C
0' G B 5 GB4CN C 5C C NB45C J
H CG E GND
EH B B 0
C *N
B GFG 4G G FB4 GB>CN 4CB>2D
: C N h.
B4G H B>
B =
D G 'F G B4 C CEDq GGB 0 GB4CN
CN5C ) GB4C0 5G 0
G B4 D * C 42C GFC C C Z 4G 4 G I N G 5
0 G N B4CN NB4CN C %
' P CNCN 0 C G B4 C 5C GND 4
C * 4C C G4H 5CN C *
B 5C 0 EDFB4GB4CN D05C 5G 0(0 G N 1 CNB H I C ? D0G 0
GNG NB I B 2 B4G C P GB DNG *G B xG B 4C 0#
w B4CNNCN9
B 4G 1B4CN G 5* B4C04C 5 H '$ 5* B>CN5C 'P B4G
5G B4C 5C H\C B H 4C 5CNB> H G D ? 0 G 9
G DNG C GB
" B 5CFB>GH B D 0 B B>G C a GB D0G 0
C CN C GB CN
B G
5CN*
BnH EDNCNN B B4CB 2 G = B 4CN B4C H 0# w B4G H B4 GB DNG
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chemical freeze-out
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kinetic freeze-out
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120
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VERTEX MAGNETS
VTX-1
VTX-2
MTPC-L
TOF-TL
BPD-1
BEAM
S1
VTPC-2
VTPC-1
RCAL
BPD-2
BPD-3
a)
V0
MTPC-R
S2' S3
COLL
VCAL
TOF-TR
A+A
X
BPD-3
BPD-2
b)
S2
5DNG 9? " \
G= C B
GFCN 5C0*B4CN 4B G B4GGB4C0
V0
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S4
p+ p
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Q;
R e adout Module
72x72 cm2
4600 pads
Front V iew of NA49 V ertex TPC

S u pp ort
P late
L a s er B eams
Al-topframe
(readout chambers)
HVDivider
F ield C age
Mylar
Al
25
C eramic
Tubes
25 m aluminized Mylarstrips
beam
G10
125 m Mylarwindows
frame
Ne/CO2
N2
HV-plane
G as B ox
Ceramic Rods (Ti coated)
G 10
frame
Mylar
2x125
35 m Cu-Foil
hone ycomb
5DNG 96 + B 0 G "*-1$ - FB4CN B 5 CN GD 5C

@H C N 0 *CNhNG B 5CNB4G DNCN G*N DN5C
: C5G G B 4 N G5 G ) NB> 5GG 5CNB*= NT G5 GB 50CNB+ B 5
C N *CN G B 5C 55 B4C? DN R" h5 DNCVNB4 D 5C G5 G*
C B 5G N B4C N*CN G B 0 "*-1$ 5 GCN P0 D B E0 B4C 0 4CNFB4G,H
* NC h C D B>CNB4CN4D B4G?*C0N 0 C G ^ GCFB 4 H I B B
B4G
C B 5G B46
C DN *N C G E0 C05C ) C GB CN8 B B4G Z
4C C C 0 P lC GB 5CNEH 5 5CN B B4G " B G
D 5CG EDNG
5C H"B 4 G,HR B B 5D0C 0 FB4G2B4G I ND BnHCNND 0B4/EH
5 G ) 4 5CN /: * C 5 @B
*0 ^ 0 / D 4CNll . = B T:
NB ) 0B4 G5 G1FB 5 BG B 5 H D0G H U " N/ B4 CC
B 5DNC C
FB B B4EC0hC 0
" (*
B 5G* EDN
* B
N5 ) G 5C ) 0 ) 4 B4DNG C ,H. )
"

N
.
H
B
F
D
B

h G5 ) RB4C0 B = NGB -Z:8 B4DNG C FB4

51
C 0V2043C "*-1$ ND FB4B B E 0 B4C : G C
H CNC 5 @B
* G B40N 5C 0 5G "-! 5G/
* 5CN G B4C H G 5a G D % )
I
B

H

h

C
D
2
s

G
4
C
*

G

0Vq2043FB4CN0 0U 5C I 7B45C^B4CN G 5C

G5 I B>CB4N0 5CFB "-! B4DNG C *DN '0 D c " NG 55C B D h C H 65
B -':8 @H ) 0 ) 5 1 9
G 0 5G D 0 D H
=09
0.9
1.8
0.9
p [GeV/c]
p [GeV/c]
1.8
1.6
0.8
1.6
0.8
1.4
0.7
1.4
0.7
1.2
0.6
1.2
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.4
0.8
0.4
0.6
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0
-3
-2
-1
3
ycm
0
-3
-2
-1
5DNG 9| G B B '0 B4C C GB>CN 4 G C D

B 0 Gh.0G B 5CN# 0 G,H 0 5G 5C0#B 9?
" B pB4CN B4G GB N 'B>G 87 2.09 B>CN 7 2. 3 B 9?
" 0 GB 4C 0 B E0 4 G 5CNC G B> C B4G5C
GB 4
C EH 24B3 B 9? B>CN6@H ?43B B 243
3
ycm
B4CNRGB N H 0l "*-1$
y } 0 z B>CN 243 yG5 z
B4CN 243 L
I G 4 H
(* B"*-/$ 5C2GF5D )
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
old setup
0.2
0
0
old setup
0.2
new setup
new setup
6
[rad]
0
0
6
[rad]
5DNG 9 G B B '0 B>C CB4=

D FB B4C0 U0 5G GB N H C G B w9:9;<9 3
B 0 GqyEDFB>G z B4CN6 }0 5G y GB4CN z h.0G B 5C 0# "*-1$ G,H 0 4G 5CN*B
9? y }0 z B4C0 243 yG5 z
N Z1/FU
A A s 5NJ65. 0
" - @H /4@B G C C + 5CN .2 2 B4CN 2.= G EDNG 4CNG 4B C C G B4 0P F B B
GB C B4G5C (P ,H @= 2
Q
G C 5 @B 5C01NB 4 4CN GB FB 4 l C G B4 4 C GB EH

B 0 B 5Gl 0 BP5D 2>3 @HG EN B C 0 "*-1$ G B4N5D @HB4C :,$%#) ,H *N
E CN "*-1$ 0 G4C ) CN B4G0 0 (PB0
" N5 G B GB G EDNG FB4CN 0F * ,H I C GND 4C
0 B B D0D B P 9 CN=h FB G @B4NCN 'P 0>= ) G5C0 NN 4CFB H
0 B4 B 5 4C 5GFB 5 C G.ND

@5EN5
A A u 5NJ "Phl
: C5G G a= G 4 ? P G 0 5xG B>C 0 4G 0 4G D DFB 5CB4CN 5GG B 5C B )
D0G C B4CN B N 5* * @H /5@B G C C + 5C 2. = B4C C B4G C 0
"*-1$ B '0 B4C C B>GH 8
" 0 4C GCNC B>G D B4GB>C C G B4 01 B '0 B4C
CB4=
D FB B4CN B4CNC NB B B4G^ G
" N'55B N B>
C GB
EHaG ND C0 @B C CN 4l D ' 0P *} 0
B4CNhG5 G B>N5D 1 FB q G1 0 P "*-1$1)9 B4CN P "*-1$1),2 5GP y 096 0 4G1 B>
0 4 G "*-1$ 4CN GD 4C z 0 G B 5D 25? pB4CN
h CN B4G 5 G
" N 5 G* C GND 5C 0 B B DND B
"*-1$1)9 y@HRBP5D 653 z
P G EDNG *G 5C 0 G B4 * 0 5 G "*-1$
" G B B ' 0 B4C
0 5G NB4G 5 G 5CNG D CN 0 G B 5 h.0 G )
B 4CNT#N *ChC 5 .9 | B4CN 9 0 5G 5C0#B 243 B4CN 9? 5: C 9 C
"
B E . B4C B4G
* B E 0 B4C 0/ B4CNNB4G (* B D 9
0 GB 4C
0 G 5 G 5 G 5CN** |4? B4CN 5B3 0 5G 5CNB 243 B4CN 9? I
G 4 H
! G1 0 5CN C B>G B E 0 B4C 0J (P
0 B HwB4G B DNCN G10 DN5C
: C B4G D B4G I 5CN G B4N 0 B4CFB>Gy C "*-1$ z B>CN H CNNG B yB4G5D0CN
FB B B4G GB N H 5 GB4 I
B>G z%1 5GC 5G G C G B4
0 5xG B4G B4CN
G 4 H
N Z11FU
A A s w.S4 Z40nEn.4n
" - G + P B 5G 4%
G y -1+0? z F B4C Q B4DNG T CED G 0 CN5C ) C GB CN
CED 5C0 0 G B G CED D0ChCED DN ) CED D0 5CNT5C B4C 4 C ) EH ) 5 C NB4
*N hC DNGChB * xG C C2D GZ 0 CED 5CN B>G B CNCaBG B 5C ("
B oG EDFB4C H 0 H= 4G B>C C DN0H 04 C ) @H ) 4 C * D DFB 5CN%*N B4G
0 DNl 0 0 D DNG P G= C B B4G 0 5G G B 4C 0 G5C0 HC GB C0
B G*B4CN 0 B4CNB H 0 ?
G P G l 0 5.C GFC C
" 8
1
0
+
>
B
/

B4C 0 B DNG P *N \N CN5DN^ P0 G G 5G
$ B 5G G/ y $ z h5C HDN
@H DNGG C B H4C G= C P G C
B $%'&( B4CN -& #:,$F G I B4G 0 4cG *N G hC
@H
Q
=5=
12
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
6
beam
4
2
fragments
0
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20
10
p
fragments
beam
20
0
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10
40 60 80 100
X projection, cm
10
20 30 40 50
X projection, cm
5DNG 9 + B 5G
42 3 N*CN G Bu 0l C GB 5C >B G G 5C4C
yN5G5C B z@?) B 0 5G 5C C G5 93 y }0 z B4CN 9353 yG5 zo"
B45C G l B G 4 G 5CFB J B C D
B 5G lB / 5G 4 5ChC G EDNG C G4H GB4CN I93 )9?L
0
CC #9.I N CN5CN 01 P B 5G C G B> G5CN HJ* G B4CN
C G>H^ND B>C\C G B>C0 G B> B4DN @H Gh(h 5C 0Z q G B 5G
" N B>CNNB B4G D0 G5C y GB4CN 5 G z y 2P9 z B 5G= GC 5C GB> B
$ DN RB N5 G B C G4 + 5C0 I G EDNG C G>HG D 4C*0

DN 5 GB # = G FB4C H B G D 5C^ 0 $ ND FB CN5C0
B > 0 B G B4DNG C 0 CED G* 0( B4G B>C
" B4C G P G l 0 G EDNG 5GB4G
BN5 C G4HG D 5C 0 B C G4H 0 ? G P B 5GqyADyn z 9
?43 .B y zxz C^B 5 G
3 =49
3 " *N N4D B4
H NG@B4 C G4HGB4CN 0 G 9
"B DNC G B4C H C G hCNB 5C 0 CED q G 0 C GB C0CED 4CN
5 C 0 4G G GB 5CNZ 0 B HCED B / C G4 y 9nB3 0 5G - ~ -
5CN%* 243 B>G B4C CED 5C0 zI
B h.0D B4G 4C I *N N5D B . = h w 5G GHCB 5G )
FB>C * G EDNG C GFC q @H 1 5C C G4HB4 B4 Z B4G )8-1+0

N B4C B4CN B45C G DN \C w P G C I B4C0 G w C B4G,H
G ND 5C 0 ,H. B GG4G*ND hCN5C ) DNCN 0 5G h H B4C0 B47B4 I
B054GB4CED B4G H 0Z
C G4
H B>DNG C I *0
* CFB ' B4GB 4C 0
N G C 5C G ND 5CN
y G 5CN I C D G5CN I 0 GB> C z B4C0N5D "B G )
hCFB 4C 0 4 C G B 5C N B>C
=
$ FB C05CN C G>H G D 5C I GB4C0 5 G DNCN 0 5Gh HaB>% B4 C B>G HB4CN B4DNB4C

NB P 0N 4G#5CFB B4G 1 G B B B4GB G 0 5G B G GB 5G 5C
" G EDNG C B4CNFB B G h H P 0 -1+0
I CFB H I CNB CNFB4NG5C
B 5G= G -"
5C '0 0' P CNB CN B 5G GHB4C CN 5 H^ 5 \0DNGCN
FB4 4C DNC0 G B>CNNC0" 0 @H B - G CN FB4NG5C
B4 H B4G
" FB40G5C0 GaCB4C BN4G G 4CN CG B H" 0* / 5C C I 4C
0 G
G B44C yC z B4CN G D0G FB4NG5CN yED zU" ?0 5Gx G5G5CNB 0 G}C D GB
5CN G.ND CCED B4GaC GB 5CNaB>CN N CFB4C 4DNG 0 D DFB 5CN
" C G4HNB4GCN
C CB4C0F
D 5C C B>C
C 4 GHRN P G C 80 G 4 C
* D GND
4 C B4CNR E CN Nq B4C H5C CFB DNG 0 GFG C GB 4C I *0 v
"
EDFB B 5C^ 01
B 5G= GG 4CN
CaB4C0GD )
y4GCN GND z* ?
yHC4DC 9 5G C0B 5C 5C E 0 z = hCFB 5C 0l N hCFB4C 5D0G 0
5C C
C G4H D DFB 5CB4C0\ C = G 4 C G4HG D 5C^ 0'
B 4G= G "
G#B4 B4C B4 # 0F CNB CN B 5G= GB4G / C B4G H B4CN B4DNB4C
NB P 0
4G5CFB D " N 4C ' 0 B4CN B HB N hDNGB4CN2D B 5G GlB4C0 C
C GB ( N B G5B D 0 D H B N B 5G GP* G4CB4CN 4G
|46 : B4N *C I FB a P CNB C0 5CNN 5
C yHC4D 9 z ' P CNN
B4 B N5G G
5C G B 4 BN4G G B 5 ND N EC GB aB4CN EDFB + C B 4GY 243 0 4G
" ^ B4 C B 5G B 5G= )
G5C B N4G G B4CN - + C B 5YG 0 5G B4 B N4G G
G GB GB GB 5 0D h B G P CNB CNGB B4CN 5CN ED C H B G
B N CN D DFB 5C 0 0 G
" C GB J 5CN GB 5C0D
G 52C GFxG G= C B H0DNGCN B4 % 0 H B4G
G C I G R B 0 CNB CN B4 C B 5G B 5G= G
* GB G
" 5C0 5
G CN C G4H G D 5
C ||.cI |
G * G = hCNB4GH 4C
$ B4G
D B 5CNCNN B FB a C0B CN B4 C B 5G B 5G GP B
5 a B " CN5DN4C 0 GB G B4G
G EDNG C w 0 5DNG G B4CN
G EDNG
" B 4a 5CN GB 5C0 B DN D 9B>G 9 B4GB G 0 -1+0 h.ND B4
0 *
) C G4HG D 5C 9 ?>B3 .B y zI
) GB4C0 5 G CN4C ) DNC0 0 5xG H 0 5 l 4C 9 ? I
) 0 D $ 0 D0C 5CFB H C C G4HGB4CN 93)8=53534358
3
I
) GB4C0 5 G N CN5CNl 0 BCN -1+0 h.ND 93 P93 I
) 5CN5 DN0CFB C B 4C 653 BnH G 0 B>B>CN C B 5G I
) B4 N EC 0 4C BnH G 9n6 9 I
) C B 5G N EC 0 BCN BnH G I
) B CN 0 BCN hND 9243 y 6 CD B4G*C GB 5C CN 0 z
" H FB C0 C 5 C 0 -1+0 5G B RBG B
" GB4N 5CNB DNB4 0 1 + N B *B4CN 5QG G GQ * D N ED C
0. 0 5 G B4N5D D
=@?
5DNG 243 " -1+0 h.ND - ) B4BN5G G IF+ C T C B 5G N B * 1 + G G

IT+ -1 4C 0 )
D 0 G - N 0 C B 4G N B )k1 +@) DNC0
" 1 +E) G Gh
DFB C G D B4G5G 5 B4CN5C G G CN G B45D @H
5C 0 )
D 0 G
4D N CN - N D 0 G " D y -16"-z FB4/ 5 GB F G h I CFB H IN$ G CN4 GB4N )
B 5C
C N B G G I CED B4G 5DNC CN 'P C -16" I 5 # GB4CN 5G 5 G 5CNN B4C
yB CEDFB 5C CN I GB4NB 5C 'P I FB4C0 B CN BN H I z'- G C H I h5 B4 )
B4C NCNED q0 5G 5 G B>N5D DN 0T w 1 +E) G G-*N B4G 0
C C B 4G N B " 0? N DN RCB #$ G= C : / G E)
C o G 0 5G B4C C DNNCN N5 5 / 4C }h C HB4CN DNCN 0 5Gh H
B 5C0
=56
C B 5G N B U" 5 / B4C G B45D NG H9@H 5C N ) D N G*y + -/Jz

4D N l N ' 0P G G ) #+ -1 'B4G GB GZC0 4 U* 4 G,H GhCN
G P G 9 |" H B4G B B B4C 8 0 ) N 5GECNC GP * C GCFB
@B4CD ? P93+ -/ FB 4 G H B 0= CN5CN* 0 B 0 = GB4CN
C h B4
C CN G 0G HC 5GP0H D a GD DNG IZ+ -1
FB 5 C0CD B4G 4DNC C0 ' P I B4G CN 4 CN P N ) G5C 5CNB B4C0FB 5
G B>G7B l C G4HaG D 5C 4 C 0 4G/B 5CFB 0 G B 0 N G4CN " NCN 54H
0 + -1 GND 5ChB4CN G B4GB GZFB 5 GB H G 5 Z- G C H G B4G )
GB # P G= C B D FB DN + -/ 0 5G 5 G B4N4D 43 C DNNCN FB4NG5C
B 5G= G G H ?0 5G 0 D DNG : C GCFB 4CFB C B4G $ G G
" \ 0 4C -1+0 ND *N *CC 2430 5D 24353 ND B4G G EDNG
0 D H 5 G B 5G* B 93 B C G4H
DNG G
5 C 0* -1+0 C 0 B4 R=
D B 5C C DNNCN^G B B
"
4CNN 5C0 I 4G GHB4CNNB4NG4CN G G B4@B 5CC B 5G= G J
0 = hB 5C 0. 5GN CN5CNB4 B4 0. 1 5C05 DNNCNB hND C B 5C

DN N5C Z I C CN 4 & ~ 05D
G 0 4G D00H 4 G B4N5D Q 0 G
1 + G G B4CN + -1 *( 4 G I G 5 5C '0 0# -1+0 B>B 0 D
CNB CN B4 C B 5G B 4G= G GB GZG B B4CNaB { G 1B .
G EDNG C * 0 5DNG G
ijy]r#mnkrivfZ`5_hfD d
g\k*v
I
NJ, '"/2}8$ N8

: C (PB "*-1$ G 0 5G B4 0 B4DNGCN GB 5G 0P B4G aB4CN
4C GND / B4G C rG B 4Cmy -':8?z @HJ0q2043 B4DNG C * = ) 0 ) 5
y "-!Uz B4D0G C H D N C -Z:8
1: C B4G D B4G I "-! G B
5. B4DNG C 0/ -Z:8 C CN4C ) G B G 5 * G a 0VK0L32M DNG 4
0( 4CN I G 5CN I B>CN7B44CN G4
" B E . B4C 0 B4C "*-1$ *B4C0 "-! 5Gl 0 (*B 0 B HaC c M
N B4C TN *ChC 42.9 0 5G B>5C G 52C GF4DNGB 5CDN CGDNCNC0CN B @3
" C r G B 5C 0 FB4G 5C0 I 7B45CN'B>CN G 5CNU
@HDN 0J 0VK0L3 B4DNG C
"*-1$ 5= 0 5G 9
= ' * +G h C
= ? z C )
C 6
B y :9 9 9
rG B 4C P G 0 5Gx * = 0 "-! C 0 5G B 5C #$ B4GCN B '0 B4C
C 0 5GC D GCN @H N *C C Z= * (P B ' 0 B4C y '2.9 zI 4C
CN FB (* B 5Gl 5 G
H D0 0 5G G } 0 G C B4DNG C lG EDNG
@H C D GC0 G55GB
" B ' 0 B>C C 0 5G B4DNG C P
h B 6
@H w 5x ) GBnH @H
0 *CC #?\: B h5 0 D H B RC
0 5xG B4G h G MI ; 30I * G ;
CN 8 5CGB N HC a C G 0 B4H h: C 24= y z GB 0 H

=B|
1
0.9
350
0.8
300
0.7
250
0.6
200
0.5
0.4
150
0.3
100
0.2
50
0
0
5DNG 2.9 "

0 5G FB40G5CN
G B 5
0.1
2
10
12
14
16 18 20
p [GeV/c]
[mrad]
[mrad]
400
400
1
0.9
350
0.8
300
0.7
250
0.6
200
0.5
0.4
150
0.3
100
0.2
50
0
0
0.1
2
10
12
14
16 18 20
p [GeV/c]
B E0 B4C 0 (*BP"*-1$ y '0 z B4CN "-! yG5 z 5GTC M N B4C

0 5G @3 B45C G 5C2GF5D0GB 5C " h 5G 0/ G N C0N B
B E. B4C 0 5GB B5 4 C 5C C FB> B
GB 0 C G FB4NG5CN B4DNG B +0-1+ C G5 y 243*)9?C ?z B4G % G C

5GhB NB4NG4CNB>CN B B l C G5 (*B B '0 B>C B hG EDNG C 0
4 h ) GBnH P G= C
v

"
1 q
G C G 0 4G B4C 0T (PB B =DCED G 0Z4 C *0
C G 5G P G B P4D ?430: CNBFB ) B4GCED G 0 9 H h CN 0
B>
2 93 G4 G G CN I B4CN\B4C 'h C H^ 0T +0-1+ 0
+0-1+PI G EDNG C 0
B 5D 5B3
B4C B 0 5G/5C C0
G D0G lB5D 93 FBnH ' 0 G B>
::/* cD 5GB4 GDNCNCNCN - 0 5GlBCN 42C GF5DNGB 5C* G ND 9),2 FBnH.
CN B "2 GDNCNB>G /0 4G
3 ? q G 5C0P q G 5 B>G 5D0G
C * =4
3 Q " N- * B NB4
B4DNG C C 2434B3 | @HB 4C h5C GDNC^B =5
FB
B * N P G C B4G 0 EC : * B C DN B CN ) D G I B4CN
GD0CN*C a DN0H B NGB 5CB4CN
FB E5G5DNCNN " ?0 D0G GlFB B5C G 5CB4CN 5C
C GB 5CN 5C B>G 5C B4G G D0G
@H 4 h ) GBnL
H yB ?43 B4C0 9? z B4CN
3 ? z @H 8* B4 C C 24353 B 0 G C G B4 0
C D GCNyB @3 B4CN ?4
4 C 5CGB
@
" (P
B 5G
DN
B4DNG * 05 G 5C C G RFB4NG5C
H NDNCN G 5C0N 5CNG B>C * 0 5G "2 B C B4- B> 0 5G 5x ) GBnH E)
=
C ( " B4DNG C B4C8 c G 0 5G q*

4C H/ CN5GB4NN 5CN CN
5G " G wB5C0G B4C 4 G B C FB BG EDNG m@H C D GCNB4CN
4h ) GBnH G= C U" = B /D FB / B4D0G C B4C B B> B
B B4G ) D 0 "2(" B4DNG C 4D 0 4G B4CR 5G B4C 4C GND 5C
"2 yC D GCN z B4 B4 +N$% B4C0 - GG DN Gy 4h ) GBnH z G= C I
B4B B DFB B4N0 5C G C % DNG P B4C ' 5G I gf@ w 5C0 GD 5C^ 0T C B4G
5/G y "2 z B>CN 4CN GD 4C^B4C0GDNCNCNCNa 0 5x ) GBnH G= C
G
' / #N

" 5GD 5GB4 N B4CNC 0 5G B4 :: 0 NB B B4ECNy + 5C =0 =z * G D
C B4C C G B4 0 5 C GB EH B 0 B 5Ga 0 BP4D 243 B>CN* B4 B 5C0G B4C
= G 4 C 0 B '0 B4C *N * G B |4? B 2>3 B4CN 53B B
9?
" EDNc* NC 4C h5C 0~ GDNCNCNCNB 9? 8 BP4D ?43 93 5 C Q* B h5
* G 5 G " 0* * CN
N B E . B4C
0 5G FB4G B4G
= ? B4C0 B DN0HC B4 o D DFB 4CN
4 GB>
0 4Gh C G NB4NG4CN
B4CN 4GG B 5C0TC B>G B ' 0 B>C C 0 5G'B B4G4
C * 5GG 5C0NCNFB B
y + 5C NB= z
0 G ~ 5CN
;

F/
0 %/ p '|J;N, /
: C 0 5C P G 0 5GxB>C 0F D 5GB4 5G+y B> :::{z * G PZ 4 GB
= 5G B4C EDFB4C 0 5G ?0 D DNG EH G55GB * CD B4G+ BhlN DN

@nZ4JP@ F
" 0 D DNG B4DNG C 0 C DN 5 GB 0 C G "NB4NG4CN
C $ ~ $IT+ ~ + 1B4CN
: C ~ : C 5C0B C G5 9n3 )9? B>G C CN 0 =h B4G B B B4CN
H B 5CN G B4C B4 G D 0 4G C GB - ~ - 5CN B4C EH (P C
0 C G>HGB4CN
"
G
D N H 0 FB4NG5CN GND
C 4CN 0F 5 B4CN/ ND2 CED
B4 B4G - ~ - 5CN * B G = B H CNB @H N5 Gy@HB
0 B 5Gl 0 B 5D 243 z C2D G* 0 G 5 G 5 C
" H B H B GG4G
0l (P
B B4DNG C 0 B 5D ?)9B3 * )
*FB G ND
@H G 5 %% G D 5C I GB ECN } C H B>CN G ND 5C 0
FB E5G5DNCN0D ^G B 5 H D N H 0 FB4NG5CN G.0D C 5CN 0 4
B4CN
ND B4lCED B4Q B4*DN 0 B DND B P
: C5G G DN GB ^ DNB H 0 P G D GB4CN 5 G B4B4CN
GB N H GB 0 C G FB4NG5CN B>DNG
@H (P B C C GB - ~ - 5C0B
+.-/+ C G4 B4G N *C^C 5 F252 B4C0 24=.
A As
anti-baryons, K ,
10
T=125 3 MeV
T = 0.48 0.01
2 /NDF= 96/41
T=121 3 MeV
T = 0.48 0.01
2 /NDF= 44/41
10
-
d N/(mT dm Tdy)
baryons, K
10
K
p ( 0.5)
-1
( 0.05)
10
( 0.05)
-3
p ( 0.1)
( 0.01)
( 0.2)
d ( 0.01)
10
( 0.01)
( 0.05)
-5
0.5
1.5
0.5
1.5
m T-m0 (GeV)
5DNG 252 "

5CNB
C GB4CN
GB4CN 4 G B> P GB
0 C G FB>NG5C0 G ND C C GB - ~ -
9? 09Eo! C H B B GG5GB4G ?N I H B GG5GB4G
?)93
"
G 4C 0 P L B4DNG C y ?)9B3 0 5G B>G H NB>CN
93 0 4G B4CN [z #D h C y H. GB 4 FB>CN B 0 B 4G 0 4 GB I
.9n3Bz B4CNx G ED 5CN GB4CN 5C 0 G B>CN B 5D0 C G4H
'P CN C
N G 5 C C GB - ~ - 5CNB +0-1+ C G5 h. FB 5G B>DNG
C ~ C GB 5CN 5E
A A u l40P
! C 0 GFG Q
G 5 5CFB / 0 G B 5C 0 G4CN HhC GB CN B GDB4*B
B =
D 0J * GB4C0 5 G h C D D DFB 4CNZC y 5C C G4H z;) yH z
B P G 0 5xG H B4CB 9? B>CN I C 0 B I BB
D
N B4C 6 (*
B4 N G 5 0 5G 5CN%
* BaCED G* 0 C GB CNCED 5CN 0 B5D @3 |43
" P G= C B G D B4G 0*CwC 2 NI * G / C CN 5D D DFB 5C B4DNG I
" B>5CN DN 0/
N O\ N B4@B4CN B4CC2
D G 0 C GB CNCED 5CN 9
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G 0 5C0
93 @2 <
# 4 G I * G B4D0G D DFB 4CN
0 5G a G B ( 5C I N O
@3
dn/dy
20 AGeV
200
30 AGeV
40 AGeV
80 AGeV
160 AGeV
100
30
20
10
15
10
5
3
2
1
0
15
10
5
-2
-2
-2
-2
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C C GB - ~ - 5CN
B 243I=43I*@3IP53 B4C0 9? 09E! C H B B GG5 GB4G N I
H B GG5GB>G C GB4CN ?)93B
5CFB CN H 0 G B $ 4C G B>CNlB>C P CED 5C D" N*c B4C H9 B4D0
H B NB B4C C G4H 'P CN C 0 0 'P B4G CN ! C H B4C 0 G B 5C
0
B B =
D}C C G>H E CN C B4CGD 4D 4 GB B GCFB 4 N B4CNB 5CN* 0
(PB G D
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0 D DNG B4DNG C 0 C D DFB 5C0C $ ~ $IT+ ~ + /B4CN : C ~ : C 5C0wB
93 *)9? * B4G H G 5 0 DNB 5C B4CN 5= H B> \ B 5C 0
w G B F 5C D hN5 G* B I G*FB 4G5DNC0B4CN B4G GB4=
D FB B4CN
b
N9
Pt (MeV)
10
A+A at 158A GeV
8
6
4
2
0
p+p
C+C
Si+Si
Pb+Pb
-2
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350 400
<NW >
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C GB CN
CED 4CN EQSR 0 4GCED B4G 5C0B 9?
2" G D 0 5GlB FB4G
FB40G5CNB4G D G C %! C H B B 5 GG5GB>G DN I ,H. B ' GG5G#B>G B G
NB4C 94 6h
B E. B4C B B B4CN,H. B GG4Gl 0 C B>DNG C Q* B G

@HB 0 B 5G 0 BP4D 2." C NB BJ* B G 0 4G B4DNG C CBNG5B4
GB N HC G B y 99T;69|=Bz C*0 B45CN DN 0 ^ G B c D DFB 4CN
hC G B4 hB5D 2>3
E2
V(n-)/<n->
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Proj
NPart
5DNG 25? + B B4GB4C 0

D N H
0 GND 5C 0 5GC @B 5 H FB4G NB4NG4CN
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B 5G G q" FB> C CNN B ,H B a GG4G = B NB4 5C
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B FB 4G 01 B B4GB4C /0 5G G GB T 5CN+* G BB
D
lDN5 J
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CN 0 5C2GFC C B4CN G B 2 5C B>G P B4 wB4CN B ZC

D N H D DFB 5CN9 ?4=0I6<: C B>G D B4G I N G4C 0/
D N HN G )
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D N HN G=ND 4C
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: B>G C HDN5
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5 G
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+ = h B4G
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(* B G D #CNN B / FB .H.CNB B GB4C0 C D DFB 4CN#5CNrG B>C HC G B4 B #
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C ?>= " \B4CN{ G 0qED 5C 0 D0G G P G= C B DN.H"wG EDNG : C B4G D B4G I
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B4CN C G>HGB4C0 B4G C
"
G 5 0 D DNG B4DNG C B G EDNG C C G5
B B GG5G- * x B -G @H^B 0 B 5G 0 B 5D = ND N5 5 C B *"
H B GG5DG * G 0D
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h5G CN5 C w C G>H
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FB 5Gl 0 GB>CN C D DFB 5C0
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y D ~ D z 5CNB +0-1+ B>CN E?
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v2
A A
0.05
0
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AGS
RHIC
-0.05
1
10
102
sNN (GeV)
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C G4H 'P CN C 0 0 0 FB>G 5CNhB h ) GB N HC
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0
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0.15
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pion v 2
0.1
0.08
0.06
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0
0
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0.1
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peripheral
p t < 2 GeV/c
p t < 2 GeV/c
-0.1
0.15
0.08
0.1
0.06
0.04
0.05
0.02
0
-0.02
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0.1
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0.08
0.5
1.5
0.15
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v 2{4}-1
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0.5
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0.1
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v 2 standard
1.5
1.5
0.05
0.04
0.02
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-0.02
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-2
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-1
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0.5
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-0.1
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rapidity
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0.2
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0.15
NA49 DATA
6
(3*10 )
0.1
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0
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NA61/SHINE Letter of Intent

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far/near (10 -6)

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/ (dp d) (mb / (GeV/c sr))

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Pion angle (mrad)

Pion momentum (GeV)

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fixed target, p+air

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Front V iew of NA49 V ertex TPC

Ceramic Rods (Ti coated)

5DNG 96 + B  0 G "*-1$ -  FB4CN B 5 CN GD 5C

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5DNG ? }0 B4C % C G4H N G=0D 5C 0 C GB 4CNC BN G*N GND

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B 5 GB4 0 5G 5 B4G CED

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h G5 ) RB4C0 B = NGB -Z:8 B4DNG C FB4

0Vq2043FB4CN0 0U 5C I 7B45C^B4CN G 5C

5DNG 9| G B B '0 B4C C GB>CN 4 G C D

5DNG 9 G B B '0 B>C CB4=

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NJ, '"/2}8$ N8

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C ( " B4DNG C B4C8 c G 0 5G q*

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5DNG 25? + B B4GB4C 0

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