CONTROL CHARTS

Variables Charts x and R Charts

n x j =
i=1

xij

m = x
j =1

x j

m = Rj = max(xij ) min(xij ) R
i i j =1

Rj

unknown

U CL = x + center = x U CL = x

d2

3 R n 3 R n

+ A2 R =x A2 R =x

d2

U CL = RD4 R center = R U CL = RD3 R

x and S Charts
Sj =

n i=1 (xij

j )2 X n1

m = S
j =1

Sj

unknown

U CL = x + center = x U CL = x

c4

3 S n 3 S n

+ A3 R =x A3 R =x

c4

U CL = B4 S center = S U CL = B3 S

variable sample size n =1 nj xij = i x j nj m = S

j =1 (nj

2 1)Sj

nj

zj =

x j x
S nj

U CL/LCL = 3, center = 0

Individual Measurements
m MRj = |xj xj 1 | x =
j =1

xj

m MR =
j =1

MRj

+ 3 MR U CL = x d2 center = x U CL = x 3 MR d2

Attributes Charts

Fraction Non Conforming units

{ Dj = 1 defective 0 non defective n p j =
i=1

Di

m p =
j =1

p j

p (1p ) U CL = p + 3 n center = p (1p ) LCL = p 3 p n

variable sample size p (1p ) U CL = p + 3 j nj center = p (1p ) LCL = p 3 p

j nj

pj p or standardise zj =

p (1p ) nj

Number of Defects per Unit

Number of defects on each unit cj e
c x

P (cj = x) =

c x!

m c =

j =1 cj

+ 3 c U CL = c center = c LCL = c 3 c

Average number of defects per unit n u j = m u =

j =1

i=1 cij

u j

u U CL = u + 3 n center = c LCL = u 3 u
n

variable sample size

u j u zj =
u nj

CUSUM Charts
K= |1 0 | 2

+ + Ci = max{0, xi (0 + K ) + Ci1 } Ci = max{0, (0 K ) xi + Ci 1 } + C0 = C0 = 0

U CL/LCL = H = h

EWMA Charts
( zi = xi + (1 )zi1
2 z i 2

U CL = 0 + Lzi center = 0 LCL = 0 Lzi

[ ] 1 (1 )2i

Common values for and L

3.054 0.40

2.998 0.25

2.962 0.20

2.814 0.10

2.615 0.05

Regression
yi = 0 +
p j =1

j xij + i

where xj can be products or squares of observed variables

LS Solutions
b = (X X )1 X y y = X b Se = (y y ) (y y ) np1 V ar( b) = (X X )1 Se