PHP NI SUY

CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM

4.1 Tmtt l thuyt
4.1.1 Ni suymt i lng vt l
Gi u
i
l i lng vt l lin kt vi nt i. Gi tr
ca i lng vt l ny ti mt im bt k ca phn t
c ni suy nh sau:
Trn phn t tham chiu n nt, ta c:
(4.1)
vi N
i
(, , ) l cc hm ni suy trong khng gian
tham chiu
1
( , , ) ( , , )
n
i i
i
u N u q q
=
=

CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM

Trn phn t tham thc n nt, ta c:
(4.2)
vi N
i
(x, y, z) l cc hm ni suy trong khng gian thc
Ghi ch:
- Hm ni suy N
i
cng c xc nh v c tnh cht ging nh
cc hm dng chng 2.
- Gi u
A
(, , ) l gi tr ca i lng vt l c ni suy t
cc gi tr ca bin nt u
i
trn phn t tham chiu, u
A
(x, y, z) l
gi tr ca i lng vt l c ni suy t cc gi tr ca bin nt
u
i
trn phn t thc.
1
( , , ) ( , , )
n
i i
i
u x y z N x y z u
=
=

i
N
CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM
Nu A v A l nh ca nhau trong php bin i hnh hc
gia hai khng gian thc v khng gian tham chiu, ta c:
u
A
(, , ) = u
A
(x, y ,z) (4.3)
4.1.2 Tnh lin tc
- Lin tc C
0
Xt iu kin lin tc ca hmu(X) trn mt bin ca
phn t thc. Hm ny c ni suy t cc bin nt qua biu
thc:
1
2
1 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ... ( )
...
n
n
u
u
u X N X N X N X
u



=
`


)
CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM
Cc tch s N
i
(X)u
i
phi bng khng nu u
i
khng phi l
bin nt lin kt vi mt nt ca bin ang xt.
Ni khc i, N
i
(X) = 0 khi X nm trn bin ang xt v u
i
khng phi l bin nt ca bin ny.
Tng t, cho phn t tham chiu: N
i
() = 0 khi nm
trn bin ang xt v u
i
khng phi l bin nt ca bin ny.
- Lin tc C
1
Xt iu kin lin tc ca o hm trn mt bin ca
phn t thc. o hm ny c ni suy t cc bin nt qua biu
thc:
1
2
1 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
...
...
n
n
u
u
N X N X N X u X
X X X X
u


c c c c

=
`
c c c c


)
( ) u X
X
c
c
CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM
Do vy, khi X nm trn bin ang xt
v u
i
khng phi l bin nt ca bin ny.
Tng t cho phn t tham chiu. Xt phn t
tham chiu hai chiu. iu kin biu thc
l nm trn bin ang xt v u
i
khng phi l bin nt
ca bin ny.
0
i i
N N
X X
q
q
c c c c
+ =
c c c c
( )
0
i
N X
X
c
=
c
CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM
4.2 Bi tp gii sn
Bi tp 1
Dng tam gic Pascal, hy vit biu thc tng qut
ca hm ni suy cho cc phn t sau:
CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM
Gii
Vi tam gic Pascal
CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM
Biu thc tng qut hm ni suy ca
- phn t tuyn tnh c dng
- phn t bc hai c dng
-phn t bc ba c dng
1 2 3
C C x C y | = + +
2 2
1 2 3 4 5 6
C C x C y C x C xy C y | = + + + + +
2 2 3 2 2 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
C C x C y C x C xy C y C x C x y C xy C y | = + + + + + + + + +
CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM
Bi tp 2
Xt phn t t gic 4 nt trong h ta xy nh
hnh hnh v. Nhit tnh c cc nt l T
1
=
100
0
, T
2
= 60
0
, T
3
= 50
0
, T
4
= 90
0
Hy ni suy nhit imA c ta x = 2,5
v y = 2,5
Gii
CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM
Trong trng hp gc ta nm nt 1, biu thc cc hm
dng l:
(1)
Ta tng i ca A so vi nt 1: (2)
Thay (2) vo (1), ta c:
Nhit ti imA:
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1 2
3 4
( , ) , ( , )
( , ) , ( , ) ; 2, 1
a x b y x b y
N x y N x y
ab ab
y a x
xy
N x y N x y a b
ab ab

= =

= = = =
,
4 2
A A
a b
x y = =
1 2 3 4
3 1 1 3
, , , , , , ,
4 2 8 4 2 8 4 2 8 4 2 8
a b a b a b a b
N N N N
| | | | | | | |
= = = =
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
0
3 1 1 3
.100 .60 .50 .90
8 8 8 8
85
A
A
T N T N T N T N T
T
= + + + = + + +
=
CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM
Bi tp 3
Xt phn t tam gic 3 nt vi ta cc nt x
1
= 200; y
1
= 200; x
2
= 400; y
2
= 200; x
3
= 400; y
3
= 400.
Cc chuyn v nt (mm) u
1
= - 0,0100; v
1
= 0,1000; u
2
= -
0,0200; v
2
= 0,1000; u
3
= - 0,0200; v
3
= 0,2000 vi u
i
v v
i
ln
lt l cc thnh phn chuyn v theo phng x v y.
Hy xc nh chuyn v ti imA(300, 250).
CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM
Gii
Chuyn v ti mt im (x, y) ca phn t:
(1)
vi N
i
l hm ni suy ti nt th i:
(2)
(3)
(4)
Thay (2), (3), (4) v cc gi tr x
A
, y
A
, u
i
, v
i
, i = 1, 2, 3 vo (1),
ta c: u (300, 250) = - 0,015 mm, v(300, 250) = 0,125 mm
2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2
1
2 3 3 2 1 3 1 2 3 1 2 1
2 1 1 3 3 1 1 3
2
2 3 3 2 1 3 1 2 3 1 2 1
1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1
3
2 3 3 2 1 3 1 2 3 1 2 1
( ) ( )
( , )
( )
( ) ( )
( , )
( )
( ) ( )
( , )
( )
x y x y x y y y x x
N x y
x y x y x y x y x y x y
x y x y x y y y x x
N x y
x y x y x y x y x y x y
x y x y x y y y x x
N x y
x y x y x y x y x y x y
+ +
=
+ +
+ +
=
+ +
+ +
=
+ +
3 3
1 1
( , ) ( , ). , ( , ) ( , ).
i i i i
i i
u x y N x y u v x y N x y v
= =
= =

CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM
Bi tp 4
Cc chuyn v nt ca bi ton tm chu lc phng c gi tr
(mm):
u
1
v
1
u
2
v
2
u
3
v
3
u
4
v
4
0 0 0,05 0 0,05 -0,009 0 -0,009
Hy xc nh chuyn v,
bin dng v ng sut
ti imA.
Bit vt liu tm c m
un n hi young E =
200000 Mpa, h s
Poisson v = 0.3.
CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM
Gii
- Chuyn v
Chuyn v ti 1 im ca phn t c ni suy qua
biu thc:
(1)
vi
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
i
5
1
i i
5
1
i
v . y x, N y x, v , u . y x, N y x, u

= =
= =
i i
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) 150 - y x .
37500
1
y x, , 150 - y 250 - x .
37500
1
y x,
2 1
= N = N
( ) ( ) ( )y 150 - x .
37500
1
y x, , x .
37500
1
y x,
4 3
= N = N y
Thay x = 125, y = 62,5 v cc gi tr chuyn v nt u
i
, v
i
vo (1), ta c chuyn v ti imA: u
A
= 0,025 mm, v
A
=
-0,00375 mm
CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM
- Bin dng
Cc bin dng c c bng cch ly o hm biu thc
(1):
( ) ( )
4 3 2 1 x
u
37500
1
u
37500
1
u 150
37500
1
u 150
37500
1
x
u
y y y y + =
c
c
= c
( ) ( )
4 3 2 1 y
v 250
37500
1
v
37500
1
v
37500
1
v 250
37500
1
y
v
+ =
c
c
= x x x x c
x
v
y
u
c
c
+
c
c
=
xy
c
( ) ( )
1 2 3 4
1 1 1 1
250 u u u 250 u
37500 37500 37500 37500
x x x x = +
( ) ( )
1 2 3 4
1 1 1 1
250 v 150 v v v
37500 37500 37500 37500
y y y y + +
CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM
Thay cc gi tr ca x, y v u
i
vo cc biu thc bin
dng, ta c:
x
y
xy
0, 0002
0, 00006
0
c
c
c
=

- ng sut
p dng nh lut Hooke, ta c:

(
(
(

xy
y
x
33
22 12
12 11
xy
y
x
D 0 0
0 D D
0 D D
c
c
c
o
o
o
CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM
vi ma trn cng vt liu:
| |
( )
2 2
2 2
0
1 1
0
1 1
0 0
2 1
v
v v
v
D
v v
v
(
E E
(

(
E E (
=
(

(
E
(
(
+

| |
219780, 22 65934, 07 0
65934, 07 219780, 22 0
0 0 76923, 08
40
0
0
x
y
xy
D MPa
MPa
o
o
o
(
(
=
(
(

=
` `

)
)
CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM
Bi tp 5
Xt phn t tam gic 3 nt trong khng gian thc nh
hnh sau:
CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM
Gii
- Phng php 1: ni suy trn phn t thc:
Cc hm ni suy c dng:
( ) ( ) ( ) | |
2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 1
x x y x x x
2
1
y) (x, + +
A
= N y y y y
( ) ( ) ( ) | |
3 1 1 3 3 1 1 3 2
x x y x x x
2
1
y) (x, + +
A
= N y y y y
( ) ( ) ( ) | |
1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 3
x x y x x x
2
1
y) (x, + +
A
= N y y y y
vi A l din tch tam gic 1-2-3:
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 1 1
1
det
2
A x x x
y y y
(
(
=
(
(

CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM
Vi x
1
= 2, y
1
= 2, x
2
= 7, y
2
= 1, x
3
= 5, y
3
= 4, x =
5, y = 2, cc hm ni suy ti A c gi tr:
Nhit ti imA c ni suy qua biu thc:
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 3
4 6 3
5, 2 , 5, 2 , 5, 2
13 13 13
N N N = = =
0
1 1 2 2 3 3
4 6 3
.50 .60 .70 59, 23
13 13 13
A
T N T N T N T = + + = + + =
- Phng php 2: ni suy trn phn t tham chiu
Ni dung ca phng php l ni suy ti nh ca
im ang xt trn phn t tham chiu.
Ta nh A

c suy ra bng cch gii h phng

trnh:
CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM
( )
( )

= N
= N
A
=
A
=

y y
x x
i
q
q
,
,
3
1 i
i
1
3
1 i
i
( )
( )

= + +
= + +

A
A
y y y y
x x x x
3 2 1
3 2 1
1
1
q q
q q
( )
( )

= +
= +

0 2
3 3 5
q
q
13
3
,
13
6
= = q
CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM
Nhit ti imA cng l nhit ti imA:
( ) ( )
3 2 1
1 , T + T + T = T q q q
0
'
6 3
, 59, 23
13 13
A A
| |
T = T = T =
|
\ .
CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Phan nh Hun, Bi tp phng php phn t hu hn
tp 1, Nh xut bn Thnh Ph H Ch Minh, 2007
CBGD: PGS.TS PHAN NH HUN - HBK - HQGTPHCM