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Fatima zain bit-08-51 presented to :Sir Ahmed Tisman Pasha

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Alternative Work Arrangements

Beyond redesigning the nature of the work itself and involving employees in decisions, another approach to making the work environment more motivating is to alter work arrangements .

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Flextime
A work schedule with variable starting and ending times, within limits set by ones manager. Employees still work the same number of scheduled hours as they would under a traditional arrangements.

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Cont..
Today organizations in several countries are offering flextime options to their employees because of the benefits it offers. Flexibility has enhanced the bottom line .

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Example
IBM has made flexibility a business imperative. both men and women to work from home and are better able to response to customers need and gain control of their lives, leading to superior performance. 42% of the people working are Mobile workers . Furthermore, staff surveys shows that personal productivity and effectiveness has improved significantly.
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Advantages
Most of the performance stacks up favorably . It reduces absenteeism and frequently improves worker productivity. Employees can schedule their work hours to align with personal demands, which also reduces tardiness and absence.

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Drawbacks
But it also has some drawbacks: Major drawback is ; it is not applicable for every job. Works where employee interaction with people outside the department is limited. Not a viable option for receptionist ,sales person or similar job for comprehensive service required.
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An arrangement in which two or more part-time employees shares the responsibilities of one full-time at a pro-rate salary.

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Job sharing
In other words ,two or more persons splits a 40-hour-a week job. For example ,one person might perform the job from 8 am to noon, while another performs the same job from 1pm to 5 pm or the two could work full , but alternate days .

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Cont.
About 31% of large organizations are offer job sharing to their employees. But it does not seems to be widely adapted by employees because of difficulty in finding the compatible partners to share a job and the negative perceptions of individuals not completely committed to their job and employer.
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Advantages
It allows an organization to draw on the talents of more than one individual a given job. It seems as a potentially humanitarian means for avoiding layoffs due to over standing. it increases flexibility, motivation and satisfaction.
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Drawback
Its drawback is from management perspective is finding compatible pairs of employees who can successfully coordinate the intricacies of one job.

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Telecommuting
Regularly work at home or at an alternative worksite during port or all of a work schedule.

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It might be close to the ideal job for many people. No commuting, flexibility hours, freedom to dress ,few or no interruptions from colleagues. A closely related term virtual office used for these people.

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Categories
Three categories of telecommuting job:

Routine information-handling task Mobile activities Professional and other knowledge-related tasks
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Telecommuting
Advantages Disadvantages larger labor pool less direct supervision of Higher productivity employees Less turnover Difficult to co Improved morale ordinate teamwork Reduced officespace cost

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Ability & Opportunity

A way of thinking employees performance is as a function (f) of the interaction of ability (A) and motivation (M) that is performance=f(A x M).we need to add opportunity to perform (O) to our eq. performance=(A x M x O).

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Cont
Why an employee not performing well ? Does an employee have adequate tools, equipments, materials and supplies ? Dose the employee have favorable working conditions ,helpful coworkers ,supportive work rules and procedures ?

if not , performance will suffer !!

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Employee Involvement
A participative process that uses the input of employees and is intended to increase employee commitment to an organizations success. If we involve workers in the decision that affect and increase their autonomy and control over their work lives, employees become more motivated, productive and satisfied.
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Cont.
Three major forms of employee involvement are : Participative Management Representative Participation Quality Circles

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Participative Management
A process in which subordinates share a significant degree of decision-making power with their immediate superiors.

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Representative Participation
A system in which workers participate in organizational decision making through a small group of representative employees.

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Two forms of representative participation are: Works Councils Board Representatives

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Works Councils
Works councils are groups of nominated or elected employees who must be consulted when management makes decisions involving personnel.

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Board Representatives
Board representatives are employees who sit on a companys board of directors and represent the interests of the firms employees.

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Quality Circles
A work group of employees who meet regularly to discuss their quality problems, investigate causes, recommend solutions, and take corrective actions.

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Thanks !

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