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OTK 1 Lecture1#AgitationMixing
OTK 1 Lecture1#AgitationMixing
FEED
PREPARATION
REACTION
PRODUCT SEPARATION
PRODUCT PURIFICATION
STAGE 2
STAGE 3
STAGE 4
STAGE 5
PERLU PURIFIKASI LIQUID PERLU DIUAPKAN BILA REAKSI FASA GAS SOLID PERLU DIHALUSKAN BILA REAKSI FASA PADAT
JANTUNG PROSES DICAMPUR PADA KONDISI UNTUK MENGHASILKAN PRODUKSI YANG DIINGINKAN BY PRODUCTS & IMPURITIES
PEMISAHAN PRODUCTS, BY PRODUCTS & UNREACTED MATERIAL PEMISAHAN PRODUCTS, BY PRODUCTS & UNREACTED MATERIAL
SALES
POKOK BAHASAN
PERSPEKTIF AGITATING & MIXING (FLUIDS) GEOMETRI STANDAR AGITATED TANK KARAKTERISTIK IMPELLER KARAKTERISTIK ALIRAN SCALE UP/SCALE DOWN
PERSPEKTIF MIXING
What is agitation ? Generally refers to forcing a
fluid by mechanical means to flow in a circulatory or other pattern inside a vessel.
PERSPEKTIF MIXING
What constitutes a mixing problem? Process
objectives are critical to the successful manufacturing of a product. If the mixing scale-up fails to produce the required product yield, quality, or physical attributes, the costs of manufacturing may be increased significantly, and perhaps more important, marketing of the product may be delayed or even canceled in view of the cost and time required to correct the mixing problem.
5
PERSPEKTIF MIXING
How much mixing is enough, and when could overmixing be damaging to yield or quality?
These critical issues depend on the process and the sensitivity of selectivity, physical attributes, separations, and/or product stability to mixing intensity and time. The nonideality of residence time distribution effects combined with local mixing issues can have a profound effect on continuous processes.
Shaft
Wall Baffles
Impeller
10
Shaft
Motor
Gearbox
11
12
13
IMPELLER
Desain impeller sangat berpengaruh thd karakteristik pengadukan & energi yg dibutuhkan Tipe impeller tergantung pd sifat fluida :
Fluida viscous or non-viscous Fluida newtonian/non-newtonian Single or multiphase
IMPELLER
Impeller aliran turbulen (N>>):
Diameter impeller < diameter tangki for transport momentum Radial impeller : disc turbine, fan turbine, paddle Axial impeller : propeller, inclined fan turbine, hydrofoil Tangki dengan baffle
RADIAL IMPELLER
16
RADIAL IMPELLER
AXIAL IMPELLER
18
AXIAL IMPELLER
Propeller
Hydrofoil 19
Helical ribbon
20
Anchor 21
22
23
24
25
2.50e+00
2.29e+00
2.08e+00
1.87e+00
1.66e+00
1.46e+00
1.25e+00
1.04e+00
8.35e-01
6.27e-01
4.19e-01
Y Z X
2.12e-01
4.17e-03
26
TRAILING VORTEX
Visualisasi
Simulasi 27
CENTER VORTEX
28
Dd 2 Da 3 J 1 Dt 12
H 1 Dt
C 1 Dt 3
29
DESIGN VARIABLES
Design variables : power, torsi dan impeller tip velocity Faktor2 yang berpengaruh : geometri & ukuran, sifat2 fluida (viscosity , density , surface tension , thermal conductivity k, heat capacity Cp), impeller rotational speed N untuk kalkulasi power P , torsi Tq dan impeller tip velocity Utip Power adalah biaya terbesar dalam operasi tangki berpengaduk : dalam turbulent mixing P N3Da5 ; dalam laminer mixing P N2Da3
30
DESIGN VARIABLES
Torsi (Tq= P/2N) Torsi menentukan desain shaft impeller dan gear drive Impeller tip velocity : Utip=ND
31
Mempunyai korelasi dengan NRe pd baffled system dan konstan bila NRe>104 Rasio inertial force/visous force; aliran laminer bila NRe10, aliran turbulen bila NRe104 Berhubungan dengan pumping capacities Berhubungan dengan homogenitas mixing atau blending
3
NDa N Re Q NQ 3 NDa
N b N
N 2 Da NWe
Weber
32
hT N Nu k C p N Pr k N Sc DL k LT N Sh DL
33
POWER CONSUMPTIONS
Faktor penting desain agitated tank adl konsumsi daya utk menggerakkan fluida Konsumsi daya P tdk dapat diprediksi secara teoritis diprediksi secara empiris P adalah fungsi kecepatan impeller (Bilangan Reynolds impeller=NRe) Kecep Impeller menentukan jenis aliran dalam tangki : NRe < 10 laminer seluruh tanki NRe > 104 turbulen seluruh tanki 10 < NRe < 104 turbulen sekitar impeller
34
POWER CORRELATIONS
35
OWARI DESU
36