Session 01

Khi nim c bn C
Chng 1
Mc Tiu
Phn bit s khc nhau gia Cu lnh, Chng trnh v Phn mm Bit c qu trnh hnh thnh ngn ng C Bit c khi no dng C v ti sao Nm c cu trc ngn ng C Hiu r khi nim gii thut (algorithms) V lu (flowchart) S dng c cc k hiu dng trong lu
Lp trnh c bn C/Chng 1/ 2 of 26
Phn mm, chng trnh, cu lnh

Software
Program 1
Program 2
Commands
Commands
Commands
Bt u C
BPCL Martin Richards B Ken Thompson C Dennis Ritchie
Cc lnh vc ng dng ca C
C c dng lp trnh h thng Mt chng trnh h thng lm thnh mt phn h
iu hnh hoc cc tin ch h tr ca h iu hnh H iu hnh (Operating Systems), trnh thng dch (Interpreters), trnh son tho (Editors), trnh Hp Ng (Assembly) c gi l chng trnh h thng H iu hnh UNIX c pht trin da vo C C cc trnh bin dch dnh cho hu ht cc loi h thng PC
Ngn ng cp trung
Ngn ng cp cao
C
Ngn ng hp ng
Ngn ng c cu trc
C cho php tng hp m lnh v d liu N c kh nng tp hp v n
i tt c thng tin, lnh khi phn cn li ca chng trnh dng cho nhng tc v ring
Chng trnh C c th c chia nh thnh

nhng hm (functions) hay nhng khi m (code blocks).
c im ca C
C c 32 t kha Nhng t kha ny kt hp vi c php ca C hnh
thnh ngn ng C Cc quy tc c p dng cho cc chng trnh C Tt c t kha l ch thng main() on m trong chng trnh C {
c phn bit ch thng, ch hoa, do while khc DO WHILE T kha khng th dng t tn bin (variable name) hoc tn hm (function name)
/* This is a sample Program*/ int i,j; i=100; j=200; : }
Cu trc chng trnh C main()

Chng trnh C c chia nh thnh nhng n v gi l hm Khng k c bao nhiu hm trong chng trnh, H iu hnh lun trao quyn iu khin cho hm main() khi mt chng trnh C c thc thi. Theo sau tn hm l du ngoc n Du ngoc n c th c cha hay khng cha nhng tham s
Cu trc chng trnh C (tt.) Du phn cch {}

Sau phn u hm l du ngoc xon m { N cho bit vic thi hnh lnh trong hm bt u Tng t, du ngoc xon ng } sau cu lnh cui cng trong hm ch ra im kt thc ca hm
Cu trc chng trnh C (tt.) Du kt thc cu lnh ;

Mt cu lnh trong C c kt thc bng du chm phy ; Trnh bin dch C khng hiu vic xung dng, khong trng hay tab Mt cu lnh khng kt thc bng du chm phy s c xem nh dng lnh li trong C
Cu trc chng trnh C (tt.) /*Dng ch thch*/

Nhng ch thch thng c vit m t cng vic ca mt lnh c bit, mt hm hay ton b chng trnh Trnh bin dch s b qua phn ch thch Trong trng hp ch thch nhiu dng, n s bt u bng k hiu /* v kt thc l */
Th vin C
Tt c trnh bin dch C u cha

mt th vin hm chun Mt hm c vit bi lp trnh vin c th c t trong th vin v c dng khi cn thit Mt s trnh bin dch cho php thm hm vo th vin chun Mt s trnh bin dch yu cu to mt th vin ring
Bin dch v thi hnh chng trnh
Cc bc lp trnh gii quyt vn

Gii thut gm mt tp hp cc bc thc hin nhm gii quyt mt vn . Th d sau y m t mt gii thut
Phng hc
Ri phng hc
n cu thang
Xung tng hm i n qun n t phc v Cafeteria

y l cc bc thc hin khi mt ngi mun i n qun n t phc v t phng hc
Gii quyt mt vn
gii quyt mt vn
Hiu vn r rng
Thu thp thng tin thch hp
X l thng tin
t c kt qu
M gi (Pseudocode)
Khng l m tht. Mt phng php vit gii thut s dng mt tp hp cc t tng t m tht
BEGIN
DISPLAY Hello World !

END
Mi on m gi phi bt u vi mt t BEGIN hin th gi tr no , t DISPLAY c dng M gi kt thc vi t END

Lu (Flowcharts)
Lu l mt hnh nh minh ho cho gii thut
START
DISPLAY Hello World !
STOP
Biu tng trong lu
Lu cng hai s
Cu trc IF
S TAR T
BEGIN INPUT num r = num MOD 2 IF r=0 Display Number is even END IF END
IN P U T n u m
r = n u m M OD 2
r =0
Yes
No
D IS P L AY "N u m b e r i s E ve n "
S TOP
Cu trc IFELSE
S TA RT
BEGIN INPUT num r=num MOD 2 IF r=0 DISPLAY Even Number ELSE DISPLAY Odd Number END IF END
INP UT num
r = num M O D 2
Yes
r=0
No
DIS P LAY "Num ber is E ven"
DIS PLA Y "Num ber is O dd"
S TOP
a iu kin s dng AND/OR

BEGIN INPUT yearsWithUs INPUT bizDone IF yearsWithUs >= 10 AND bizDone >=5000000 DISPLAY Classified as an MVS ELSE DISPLAY A little more effort required! END IF END
Cu trc IF lng nhau

BEGIN INPUT yearsWithUs INPUT bizDone IF yearsWithUs >= 10 IF bizDone >=5000000 DISPLAY Classified as an MVS ELSE DISPLAY A little more effort required! END IF ELSE DISPLAY A little more effort required! END IF END
Cu trc IF lng nhau (tt.)

START INPUT YearsWithUs INPUT bizDone
YES
YearsWithUs >= 10
NO
DISPLAY A Little more effort required NO bizDone > 5000000 YES
DISPLAY A Little more effort required

DISPLAY Classified as an MVS STOP
Vng lp
S TA R T
BEGIN cnt=0 WHILE (cnt < 1000) DO DISPLAY Scooby cnt=cnt+1 END DO END
cn t= 0
No
cn t < 1 0 0 0
Yes
D IS PL A Y " Sc o ob y "
cn t= c n t+ 1
S TOP

Session 01

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Session 01

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Available Formats

Khi nim c bn C

Phn mm, chng trnh, cu lnh

Chng trnh C c th c chia nh thnh

Cu trc chng trnh C main()

Cu trc chng trnh C (tt.) Du phn cch {}

Cu trc chng trnh C (tt.) Du kt thc cu lnh ;

Cu trc chng trnh C (tt.) /*Dng ch thch*/

Tt c trnh bin dch C u cha

Bin dch v thi hnh chng trnh

Cc bc lp trnh gii quyt vn

Xung tng hm i n qun n t phc v Cafeteria

y l cc bc thc hin khi mt ngi mun i n qun n t phc v t phng hc

Thu thp thng tin thch hp

DISPLAY Hello World !

Mi on m gi phi bt u vi mt t BEGIN hin th gi tr no , t DISPLAY c dng M gi kt thc vi t END

DISPLAY Hello World !

Biu tng trong lu

DIS P LAY "Num ber is E ven"

DIS PLA Y "Num ber is O dd"

a iu kin s dng AND/OR

Cu trc IF lng nhau

Cu trc IF lng nhau (tt.)

DISPLAY A Little more effort required NO bizDone > 5000000 YES

DISPLAY A Little more effort required

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Cu trc chng trnh C (tt.) /Dng ch thch/