Coils to provide the magnetic eld

Positive charges

Electron gun to provide beam of electrons

No charges Negative charges

When a charged particle is red into a magnetic eld the force on it is perpendicular to the eld and to the path of the particle. This causes the particle to travel in a circular path. This force is equal to Bqv where B is the magnetic eld strength, q is the charge on the particle and v is its velocity

Stream of electrons Very low pressure hydrogen gas which glows as the charges pass around.

This is a picture of a laboratory demonstration of charges circling in a magnetic eld. On a very much larger scale the same idea is used in the giant hadron collider. Force caused by eld Force needed for circular motion
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

Because the force caused by the interaction of the eld and the charged x x x x x x F = Bqv = mv2 particle cause circular motion then: x x x x x x ! r x x x x x x so Bq = mv canceling v x x x x x x The Fizzics Organisation x x x x x x ! r 2 2 2 2 Rearranging to make v the subject v = Bqr and v =B q r x x x x x x x x x x x x and then squaring both sides m! m2 x x x x x x www.zzics.org if V is the voltage of x x x x x x www.zzics.co.uk Source the electron gun, then:x x x x x x x x x x x x Electrical energy = charge x voltage x x x x x x 1/2 mv2 = qV and this all becomes kinetic energy x x x x x x Then rearranging to x x x x x x 2 x x x x x x 2 make v the subject so v = 2qV x x x x x x 2 Using the two expressions for v , which are highlighted, ! m x x x x x x and equating the right hand sides. Finally canceling q so 2qV = B2q2r2 x x x x x x x x x x x x and m and rearranging to leave q/m on the right. m! m2 The value of q/m for a charged particle is highly useful in 2V = q analysing the nature of the particle. r2B2! m

Circular motion of charged particles in a magnetic eld.