წაბლარი ჰესის გ.ზ.შ

obieqti
bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis

Sefasebis angariSi

faili: Ph2_FEED_S.PDF
# A
TariRi: 01.31.2013
masStabi:

Semowmebebi

mdinareebis wablaris, texurisa da yvirilas hesebis teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTeba, bunebriv da
socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis angariSi da proeqti

ss saqarTvelos mwvane energiis ganviTarebis kompania
imereTis regioni
baRdaTis raioni
hesi wablari-2
mdinare wablariswyali
miTiTeba. FS ALTERNATIVE #6 B2

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gamoSveba aRweriloba TariRi moamzada Seamowma
0.0 emisia 2012 w. ianvari

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sarCevi
1. Sesavali ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
1.1. zogadi informacia proeqtis Sesaxeb ..................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2. proeqtis mxareebi da maTi saproeqto pasuxismgebloba ..................................................................................... 5
1.3. proeqtis kategorizacia ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.4. bsgzS kvlevis moculoba da amocanebi ............................................................................................................................... 6
2. maregulirebeli CarCo ...................................................................................................................................................................10
2.1. moqmedi erovnuli garemosdacviTi kanonmdebloba ............................................................................................... 10
2.1.1. zogadi mimoxilva ................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
2.1.2. saerTaSoriso garemosdacviTi xelSekrulebebi, romelTa monawile mxaresac
warmoadgens saqarTvelo ............................................................................................................................................................................. 12
2.2. sxva saerTaSoriso normebi/ mowinave meTodebi ........................................................................................................ 13
2.3. nebarTvebis gacemis procedurebi .............................................................................................................................................15
2.3.1. mSeneblobis nebarTva ..........................................................................................................................................................................15
2.3.2. garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis gacemis procedura ................................................................................... 16
3. winaswari teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebis etapze ganxiluli saproeqto
alternativebi .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 18
3.1. alternativebis analizis meTodebi ....................................................................................................................................... 24
3.2. alternativebis analizis Sedegebi ........................................................................................................................................ 26
4. proeqtis aRweriloba ..................................................................................................................................................................... 31
5. ZiriTadi monacemebi ......................................................................................................................................................................... 45
5.1. klimati da meteorologiuri pirobebi .............................................................................................................................. 45
5.2. geologia da geomorfologia ..................................................................................................................................................... 53
5.2.1. liTologiuri agebuleba .............................................................................................................................................................. 57
5.2.2. ZiriTadi sainJinro samuSaoebi ............................................................................................................................................... 60
5.3. niadagi ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 74
5.4. miwaTsargebloba da dasaxlebebi ............................................................................................................................................ 76
5.4.1. komponentis aRweriloba ................................................................................................................................................................. 76
5.5. zedapiruli wylis hidrologia ................................................................................................................................................ 80
5.6. hidrogeologia............................................................................................................................................................................................. 85
5.7. haeris xarisxi ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 91
5.8. xmauri da vibracia ................................................................................................................................................................................... 91
5.9. bunebrivi safrTxeebi............................................................................................................................................................................. 91
5.10. avtosatransporto moZraoba da infrastruqtura ............................................................................................... 95
5.11. landSafti ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 97
5.12. flora .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 98
5.13. fauna .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 100
5.14. mtknari wylis habitatebi da biomravalferovneba ........................................................................................... 101
5.15. xmeleTis habitatebi da biomravalferovneba ......................................................................................................... 102
5.16. ekosistemebi ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 103
5.17. daculi teritoriebi ......................................................................................................................................................................... 104
5.18. demografiuli da socialur-ekonomikuri sakiTxebi ...................................................................................... 107
5.19. kulturuli resursebi .................................................................................................................................................................... 108
6. samuSaoTa organizeba .................................................................................................................................................................. 109
6.1. mobilizacia ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 109
6.3. eqspluatacia................................................................................................................................................................................................. 122
7. SesaZlo zemoqmedeba bunebriv da socialur garemoze ............................................................................... 126
7.1. bunebriv da socialur garemoze hesis SesaZlo zemoqmedeba dagegmili saqmianobis
sxvadasxva etapze .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 126
7.2. skriningi ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 129
8. bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ............................................................................. 131
8.1. mavne nivTierebaTa emisiebi atmosferul haerSi .....................................................................................................131
8.1.1. zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia .............................................................................................................................131
8.1.2. mSeneblobis etapi .................................................................................................................................................................................131
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8.1.3. eqspluataciis etapi .......................................................................................................................................................................... 133
8.1.4. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ...................................................................................................................................................................... 133
8.1.5. Semarbilebeli zomebi ..................................................................................................................................................................... 133
8.1.6. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ................................................................................................................................................ 134
8.2. xmauris gavrceleba ............................................................................................................................................................................... 136
8.2.1. zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia ........................................................................................................................... 136
8.2.2. mSeneblobis etapi ................................................................................................................................................................................ 137
8.2.3. eqspluatacia ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 139
8.2.4. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba...................................................................................................................................................................... 139
8.3. zemoqmedeba niadagze ............................................................................................................................................................................ 141
8.3.1. zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia ............................................................................................................................ 141
8.4. zemoqmedeba zedapirul wyalze ............................................................................................................................................... 146
8.4.5. Semarbilebeli zomebi..................................................................................................................................................................... 152
8.5. zemoqmedeba gruntis wyalze ....................................................................................................................................................... 155
8.6. zemoqmedeba xmeleTisa da wylis ekologiaze ......................................................................................................... 157
8.6.2. zemoqmedeba floraze ...................................................................................................................................................................... 159
8.6.2.1. mSeneblobis etapi............................................................................................................................................................................. 159
8.6.2.2. eqspluataciis etapi ...................................................................................................................................................................... 159
8.6.2.3. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba .................................................................................................................................................................. 159
8.6.2.4. Semarbilebeli zomebi ................................................................................................................................................................. 160
8.6.2.5. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ............................................................................................................................................. 160
8.6.3. zemoqmedeba faunaze .......................................................................................................................................................................... 160
8.6.3.1. mSeneblobis etapi ............................................................................................................................................................................. 160
8.6.3.2. eqspluataciis etapi ...................................................................................................................................................................... 162
8.6.3.5. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ............................................................................................................................................. 166
8.7. vizualuri-landSafturi zemoqmedeba ............................................................................................................................... 167
8.7.4. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba...................................................................................................................................................................... 170
8.8. zemoqmedeba socialur-ekonomikur garemoze ............................................................................................................. 171
8.8.2. jandacva da usafrTxoeba ........................................................................................................................................................... 173
8.8.2.1. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ................................................................................................................................................................... 175
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8.8..3. resursebze xelmisawvdomloba, miwis sakuTreba da miwaTsargebloba .................................... 177
8.8.4. demografiuli cvlilebebi ....................................................................................................................................................... 179
8.8.5. ekonomikisa da dasaqmebis xelSewyoba .......................................................................................................................... 179
8.8.6. zemoqmedeba infrastruqturaze, satransporto nakadebze da mosaxleobis Tavisufal
gadaadgilebaze .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 180
8.8.6.1. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ................................................................................................................................................................... 180
8.8.6.7. narCenebi...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 182
8.8.6.7.1. zemoqmedebis daxasiaTeba ...................................................................................................................................................... 182
8.8.6.7.2. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ............................................................................................................................................................... 182
8.8.8. kumulatiuri zemoqmedeba ............................................................................................................................................................ 185
9. Semarbilebeli zomebis Sejameba ...................................................................................................................................... 186
9.1. mSenebelobis faza .................................................................................................................................................................................. 186
9.2. eqspluataciis etapi ............................................................................................................................................................................. 191
10. garmosdacviTi da socialuri monitoringis gegma ............................................................................................. 192
10.1. monitoringis gegma mosamzadebeli da samSeneblo samuSaoebi ...................................................... 193
10.2. monitoringis gegma eqspluatacia .................................................................................................................................. 195
11. narCeni zemoqmedeba ....................................................................................................................................................................... 196
12. SesaZlo avariuli situaciebi ........................................................................................................................................... 197
13. informaciis gamJRavneba da sazogadoebis wevrebis monawileoba bsgzS-s procesSi .... 200
14. gamoyenebuli literatura..................................................................................................................................................... 201
danarTi #1. narCenebis Senaxvis pirobebi da moZraobis sqema ........................................................................205
danarTi #2. narCenebis Senaxvis pirobebi da moZraobis sqema ........................................................................ 212

4

1. Sesavali
hidroenergias mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs saqarTvelos bunebriv
resursebs Soris. saqarTveloSi mcire hidroeleqtrosadgurebis
mSeneblobis sferoSi Sesrulebul yvela kvlevaSi xazgasmulia is faqti,
rom qveyanas gaaCnia udidesi potenciali, romlis gamoyenebac
garemosdacviTi TvalsazrisiTac SeiZleba, qveynisTvis momgebiani iyos.
saqarTveloSi 26 000-ze meti mdinarea (sigrZiT daaxloebiT 60 000 km). 319
ZiriTadi mdinaris energetikuli potenciali Seadgens 1563 gvt.
ekvivalentis tol saerTo wliur simZlavres.
saqarTvelos parlamentis 2005 wlis 27 dekembris #25/37 gadawyvetilebis
safuZvelze saqarTvelos parlamentma daamtkica energetikis saministros
mier momzadebuli saqarTvelos energoseqtoris saxelmwifo politikis
ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi. am dokumentiT mocemulia energetikis sferoSi
arsebuli politikis is mimarTulebebi, romelTa Tanaxmadac samrewvelo
da sayofacxovrebo-komunaluri seqtoris energetikuli moTxovna unda
dakmayofildes qveyanaSi arsebuli energetikuli resursebis (maT Soris,
hidroresursebis) gamoyenebisa da importirebuli energomatareblebis
diversifikaciis meSveobiT. aRniSnuli politikis ZiriTad amocanebs
warmoadgens saxelmwifos ekonomikuri damoukideblobisa da seqtoris
mdgradobis miRweva da aseve, energetikuli usafrTxoebis (teqnikuri,
ekonomikuri da politikuri faqtorebis) uzrunvelyofa. mcire
hidroeleqtrosadgurebis ageba aRniSnuli miznis miRwevis erT-erT
saSualebad aris miCneuli.
USAID
1
, UNDP
2
, GEF
3
da rigi sxva organizaciebis SefasebebiT,
xazgasmulia mcire hidroenergetikis ganviTarebis maRali potenciali.
2008 wlis aprilis TveSi saqarTvelos mTavrobam daamtkica
grinfildis investiciebis vadebi da pirobebi hidroeleqtrosadgurebis
ganviTarebis dargSi. saqarTvelos energetikisa da bunebrivi resursebis
saministrom (sebrs) saxelmwifo programis ganaxlebadi energia 2008
farglebSi ganacxada interesTa gamoxatvis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos
potenciuri hidroeleqtrosadgurebis CamonaTvalSi (www.menr.gov.ge)
miTiTebuli hesebis mSeneblobis, eqspluataciisa da sakuTrebisadmi.
CamonaTvalSi Sedis 78 ubani, romelTa perspeqtiuli simZlavre meryeobs
5-dan 60 mgvt-mde. CamonaTvalSi mocemuli potenciuri hesebis umetesoba
mdinaris bunebrivi reJimiT muSaobazea gaTvlili/gaTvlilia, rogorc
saderivacio nageboba.
1.1. zogadi informacia proeqtis Sesaxeb
ss saqarTvelos mwvane energiis ganviTarebis kompaniam (GGEDC anu
damkveTi) gamoxata interesi sami mcire hesis texuris hesis (md.
texuri), wablaris hesis kaskadis (md. md. wablariswyali da xaniswyali)
da Walis hesis (md. md. yvirila da SuSa) teqnikur-ekonomikuri
dasabuTebis momzadebisadmi.

1
aSS saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento (USAID)
2
gaeros ganviTarebis programa (UNDP)
3
evropis mwvane fondi (GEF)
5

2011 wlis agvistoSi GGEDC-is mier gamocxadda interesTa gamoxatva sam
blokad dayofili 10 hesis (texuri 1-6, wablari 2, xan-wablari 3,
Wala) mSeneblobis proeqtze.
GGEDC-is mier moTxovnili momsaxureobis moculobaSi Sedioda
teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTeba, maT Soris ganxorcielebadobis
proeqti, xarjTaRricxva da finansuri analizi, xolo damqiraveblis
dadebiTi gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze - momdevno etapze proeqtis
ganxorcielebis gegma da garemosdacviTi zemoqmedebis Sefaseba. kvlevis
mizans warmoadgenda momavalSi GGEDC-is SesaZlo monawileobis dadgena
aRniSnuli hesebis proeqtebis ganxorcielebaSi.

procesi Sedgeba Semdegi ori etapisgan:
- faza I: hesis proeqtebis teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTeba, maT Soris
pirveladi garemosdacviTi da socialuri Sefasebebi;
- faza II: winasaproeqto sainJinro proeqti da garemosdacviTi da
socialuri zemoqmedebis Sefasebis angariSi.
2011 wels SemuSavda teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTeba da winasaproeqto
sainJinro proeqti italiuri kompania STEGET S.r.l.-s (SemdgomSi
stegeti) mier. bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
(bsgzS) xelSekrulebis ZaliT, daevalaT kompaniebs Golder Associates S.r.l-
sa (SemdgomSi golderi) da Sps gama konsalTing-s (SemdgomSi gama).
saproeqto gadawyvetilebebisa da maT zemoqmedebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT
biofizikur da socialur garemoze damkveTma gadawyvita, wablaris
proeqtis ganxorcieleba. teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebis etapze
warmodgenili sami saproeqto winadadebidan wablaris hesis erT-erTi
blokis ganxorcieleba misaReb variantad CaiTvala.
winamdebare angariSi ukavSirdeba proeqtis II fazas da iZleva gegmiuri
mSeneblobis garemosdacviTi da socialuri zemoqmedebis Sefasebas.
1.2. proeqtis mxareebi da maTi saproeqto pasuxismgebloba
proeqti ganxorcielda saqarTvelos navTobisa da gazis korporaciis
(s.n.g.k) mier 2011 wels Semdegi miznebiT daarsebuli kompania ss GGEDC-
is sasargeblod:
saqarTveloSi hesebisa da ganaxlebadi energiis sxva wyaroebis
daproeqteba, ageba, reabilitacia, rekonstruqcia da eqspluatacia;
saqarTveloSi ganaxlebadi energiis sainvesticio proeqtebis
SemuSaveba da ganxorcieleba da potenciuri investorebis mozidva;
saqarTveloSi eleqtrogadamcemi xazebis daproeqteba, ageba,
reabilitacia, rekonstruqcia da eqspluatacia;
saqarTvelos energobazarze yidva-gayidvis tranzaqciebis
ganxorcieleba da aseve, eleqtroenergiis importi da eqsporti;
eleqtroenergiis gadacema sakuTari eleqtrogadamcemi xazebiT.

tenderis Sedegad proeqtebis teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebisa da
winasaproeqto sainJinro proeqtis kontraqti gadaeca kompania stegets.
kontraqtis Tanaxmad, kompania valdebulia, Caataros yvela saWiro savele
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samuSao da kvleva samuSaos Sesasruleblad saWiro yvela monacemisa da
informaciis Segrovebis mizniT. proeqtis ganxorcielebis mizniT kompaniam
daaarsa kompania STEGETGROUP GE (SemdgomSi steget ji) saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobis mixedviT moqmedi SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis
sazogadoeba ofisebiT TbilisSi (saqarTvelo).
proeqtisTvis saWiro bsgzS Sesrulebis mizniT xeli moewera kontraqts
steget ji-sa da gamas Soris. steget ji-sa da gamas Soris
SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, steget ji valdebulia, gamas miawodos mis xelT
arsebuli yvela informacia, rac aucilebeli iqneba gamas mier Sefasebis
saTanadod warmoebisTvis.
gama amzadebs proeqtis biofizikuri da socialuri garemos Sefasebas,
xolo amave periodSi golderi uzrunvelyofs bsgzS koordinacias
stegetis saxeliT.
1.3. proeqtis kategorizacia
mocemuli proeqti saerTaSoriso safinanso korporaciis
(ssk)/rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis evropuli bankis (egrb) bunebrivi
da socialuri garemos dacvis dokumentiT mocemuli kriteriumebis
Tanaxmad,D ganekuTvneba garemosdacviT a kategorias. am kategoriis
proeqtebSi Sedis mwvane velis proeqtebi an gardaqmna-cvlilebis
proeqtebis gafarToeba, romelTa Sedegadac mosalodnelia sxvadasxva saxis
mavne bunebrivi da/an socialuri zemoqmedeba. aRniSnuli proeqtebi
saWiroeben Sefasebis formalur da saerTo proceduras (srul bsgzS-s) ssk-
s garemosdacviTi da socialuri usafrTxoebis wesebisa da politikis
Tanaxmad. a kategoriis proeqtebis bsgzS aRwers proeqtis potenciur
dadebiT da uaryofiT zemoqmedebebs bunebriv da socialur garemoze da
riskebs, adarebs maT ganxorcielebadi alternativebis (maT Soris nulovani
scenaris) dadebiT da uaryofiT zemoqmedebebs bunebriv da socialur
garemoze da riskebs da iZleva rekomendaciebs mavne zemoqmedebaTa Tavidan
acilebis, minimumade dayvanis, Serbilebis an kompensaciisa da
saeqspluatacio maxasiaTeblebis gaumjobesebis mizniT.
1.4. bsgzS kvlevis moculoba da amocanebi
bsgzS-s amocanas warmoadgens wablaris hesis mSeneblobisa da
eqspluataciis zemoqmedebis Sefaseba saproeqto teritoriaze arsebul
biofizikur da socialur garemoze.
bsgzS-s mizania I fazaSi ganxorcielebuli bunebriv da socialur garemoze
zemoqmedebis winaswari Sefasebis (bsgzS) Sevseba. amdenad, misi ZiriTadi
amocanebia:
- sruli garemosdacviTi da socialur-ekonomikuri xasiaTis amosavali
monacemebis Segroveba bsgzS-Si arsebuli xarvezebis aRmosafxvrelad;
- srul amosaval monacebze dayrdnobiT bsgzS-Si miTiTebuli yvela
sensitiuri receptorisa da potenciuri garemosdacviT/socialur-
ekonomikur zemoqmedebaTa da riskebis gadaxedva da Sevseba yvela
saproeqto alternativisTvis;
7

- yvela tipis zemoqmedebisa da potenciuri riskis raodenobrivi da
xarisxobrivi Sefasebis kriteriumebis naTlad da obieqturad
dadgena;
- teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebiT mocemuli yvela saproeqto
alternativis SemTxvevaSi garemosdacviTi da socialur-ekonomikuri
receptorebis yvela kategoriisTvis mosalodneli cvlilebebis
raodenobrivi/xarisxobrivi daxasiaTeba yvela saproeqto etapze, maT
Soris winasamSeneblo, mSeneblobis, eqspluataciisa da
eqspluataciidan gamoyvanis etapebzec;
- aRwerili cvlilebebis mniSvnelobis Sefaseba dadgenili
kriteriumebis mixedviT da Serbilebis saWiroebis dadgena;
- yvela mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebisTvis prevenciuli da Semarbilebeli
zomebis SemuSaveba da maTi efeqturobis Sefaseba;
- yvela alternativisTvis narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba Serbilebis
zomebis miRebis Semdeg dadgenili kriteriumebis gamoyenebiT da
alternativebis analizi; axali alternativis SemuSavebis saWiroebis
dadgena an SemoTavazebuli alternativebis cvlilebis
upiratesobebis gansazRvra;
- inJiner-konstruqtorebTan konsultacia potenciuri garemosdacviTi
da socialuri problemebis Sesaxeb da axali alternativebis
erToblivad SemuSaveba an SemoTavazebul alternativaSi cvlilebebis
Setana saWiroebisamebr;
- bsgzS procesSi sazogadoebis monawileobis uzrunvelyofa da
saproeqto informaciis gavrceleba proeqtis dawyebisTanave;
- yvela dakarguli miwis nakveTis, aqtivisa da sacxovreblis Sesabamis
kompensirebis an aRdgenis uzrunvelyofa.

zemoT CamoTvlili amocanebis gaTvaliswinebiT, calkeuli samuSao
gundebis amocanebi Semdegia:
garemosdacviTi skopingis, socialuri skriningisa da teqnikur-
ekonomikuri dasabuTebis gadaxedva;
amosavali monacemebis Segroveba, rogorc aRniSnuli miTiTebulia
gep-analizSi;
dainteresebuli mxareebis monawileobis gegmis SemuSaveba;
ubanze gasvlebi damatebiTi kvlevebisa da azomvebis sawarmoeblad
gep-analizis mixedviT;
sazogadoebasTan sakonsultacio Sexvedrebisa da informaciuli
kampaniis organizeba;
adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso kanonebisa da dadgenilebebis
gadaxedva, winaswari kvlevis mixedviT;
garemosa da socialur-ekonomur sferoebSi potenciuri cvlilebebis
aRwera da Sefaseba:
zemoqmedebaTa/riskebis Sefasebis kriteriumebis SemuSaveba;
prognozirebuli cvlilebebis Sefaseba Sefasebis kriteriumebis
gamoyenebiT;
8

dauSvebeli da mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebebisa da riskebis dadgena
da maTi ganxilva inJiner-konstruqtorebTan prevenciis/Serbilebis
zomebis dadgenis mizniT (maT Soris adgilmonacvleoba, proeqtis
Secvla da sxv.);
yvela dauSvebeli da mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebisa da riskis
prevenciis/Serbilebis zomebis erTobliobis SemuSaveba.
narCeni zemoqmedebisa da riskebis Sefaseba;
bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis winaswari
angariSis momzadeba;
garemosdacviTi da socialuri winaswari samoqmedo gegmis momzadeba,
maT Soris marTvis gegmebisac;
miwis Sesyidvis CarCo dokumentis proeqtis (rogorc calke
dokumentis an rogorc bsgzS angariSis Semadgeneli nawilis)
momzadeba;
konsultaciebis meore ciklis Catareba;
bsgzS angariSis, dainteresebuli mxareebis monawileobis ggemisa da
sacxovreblis aRdgenis gegmis gadaxedva da saboloo saxiT
Camoyalibeba konsultaciebis procesSi gamoTqmuli SeniSvnebisa da
komentarebis gaTvaliswinebiT;
proeqtis teqnikuri rezumes momzadeba (saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis
moTxovnisamebr).

bsgz iZleva srulmasStabiani kvlevis samuSaoTa detalur da specifiur
CamonaTvals da aseve, amosaval socialur-ekonomikur monacemebs, xolo
bsgzS dokumenti ZiriTadad iyenebs winaswari Sefasebisa da teqnikur-
ekonomikuri kvlevis monacemebsa da daskvnebs. bsgzS ganixilavs Semdeg
ZiriTad sakiTxebs:

ekologiuri problemebi:
zemoqmedeba hidrologiaze (qveda biefis xarji da naleqis
gadaadgileba);
zedapiruli wylis dabinZureba;
eroziis, datborvisa da mewyeris riskebi (saSiSroeba);
seismuri da geologiuri saSiSroeba;
tyis resursebze zedmoqmedeba da maTi dacva;
xmeleTis flora da fauna;
wylis ekosistemebi da TevzsaWerebi;
adgilobrivi haeris xarisxi;
globaluri da adgilobrivi klimaturi cvlilebebi;
kumulatiuri zemoqmedebebi.

socialur-ekonomikuri xasiaTis problemebi:
zemoqmedeba adgilobriv da regionalur ekonomikaze;
zemoqmedeba infrastruqturaze;
miwis Sesyidvis problemebi;
sazogadoebis wevrebis jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis, aseve, Sromis
higienisa da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebi.
9

aRniSnulis paralelurad, mzaddeba dainteresebuli mxareebis
monawileobis gegma (SEP), romelic iTvaliswinebs sazogadoebrivi auTriCis
strategiasa da meqanizms da iwyeba sazogadoebasTan konsultaciebis
procesi. SEP moicavs Semdegs:

yvela dainteresebuli mxarisa da potenciurad zemoqmedebis qveS
myofi jgufis aRweriloba;
yvela dainteresebuli mxaris proeqtSi monawileobis strategia da
mTeli saproeqto cikli, maT Soris bsgzS, aseve, mSeneblobisa da
eqspluataciis fazebi;
gasaCivrebis meqanizmi;
bsgzS farglebSi ganxorcielebuli monawileobis nebismieri qmedebis
amsaxveli Canawerebi, romlebic aRwers dainteresebuli mxareebis mier
wamoWril garemosdacviT da socialur problemebs da iZleva am
problemebis bsgzS farglebSi gadaWris aRweriloba;
informaciis gavrcelebis gegma.

bsgzS da gegmebis momzadebis Semdeg moxdeba maTi gasajaroeba maT Sesaxeb
SeniSvnebis gamoTqmis mizniT. moewyoba sajaro konsultaciebi
gamWvirvalobisa da dainteresebuli mxareebis monawileobis
uzrunvelsayofad. aRniSnulis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia gazeTebis
(adgilobrivi da erovnuli presis), internet-sivrcis (saqarTveloSi
orhusis centris veb-gverdis) saSualebiT, auTriCisa da zemoqmedebis
arealSi moqceuli adgilobrivi garemosdacviTi saagentoebis,
arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da sazogadoebrivi centrebis
informirebulobis sxva meTodebis gamoyenebiT. bsgzS farglebSi
damuSavdeba sazogadoebrivi auTriCis Semdegi saxis masalebi:
mokle sainformacio broSura (erTgverdiani, A4 formatis), romelSic
miTiTebuli iqneba proeqtis aRweriloba, bsgzS procesis aRweriloba
da skopingis etapis daskvnebi, dainteresebuli mxareebis proeqtSi
CarTvis procesisa da gasaCivrebis meqanizmis aRweriloba;
bsgzS arateqnikuri rezume (5-10 gverdi, A4 formatis).

rac Seexeba bsgzS paketSi Semaval danarCen dokumentebs, miwis Sesyidvis
winaswari CarCo proeqtis sajarod ganxilva da misi saboloo saxiT
Camoyalibeba moxdeba konsultaciebis periodSi gamoTqmuli SeniSvnebis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
sajaro ganxilvebisa da informaciis gavrcelebis etapis dasrulebis
Semdeg moxdeba yvela dokumentis gadaxedva da maT garSemo gamoTqmuli
SeniSvnebis, winadadebebisa da SeTavazebebis SeZlebisdagvarad
gaTvaliswineba mavne zemoqmedebis minimumamde dayvanisa da sargeblis
gazrdis mizniT.
da bolos, bsgzS da saproeqto gundebi erToblivad moamzadeben proeqtis
teqnikur rezumes saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis moTxovnebis
gaTvaliswinebiT. saqarTvelos kanonis Tanaxmad, teqnikuri rezume
10

garemosdacviTi dokumentebis paketis farglebSi waredgineba garemos
dacvis saministros ekologiuri eqspertizis mizniT.
2. maregulirebeli CarCo
hesebis mSenebloba da eqspluatacia moxdeba rogorc erovnuli
sakanonmdeblo moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ise im saerTaSoriso
xelSekrulebebisa da konvenciebis safuZvelze, romlebic CarTulia
erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi.
2.1. moqmedi erovnuli garemosdacviTi kanonmdebloba
2.1.1. zogadi mimoxilva
saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba Sedgeba qveynis konstituciisgan
4
,
garemosdacviTi kanonebisgan, saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebisgan, qvemdebare
kanonebisgan, normatiuli aqtebisgan, prezidentis brZanebulebebisgan,
ministrebis brZanebebisgan, miTiTebebisa da dadgenilebebisgan. garda
erovnuli dadgenilebebisa, unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelo aris rigi
saerTaSoriso konvenciebis xelmomweri mxare, maT Soris garemos dacvis
sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli konvenciebisac (ix. Tavi 2.1.2).
ukanasknel aTwleulebSi saqarTvelom ganaaxla da Seqmna mtkice
samarTlebrivi da politikuri safuZveli garemos dacvisaTvis, romlis
mizania mowinave saerTaSoriso praqtikis gaTvaliswineba da romelic
iZleva farTod gamoyenebuli samarTlebrivi meqanizmebisa da standartebis,
maT Soris garemosdacviTi zemoqmedebis SefasebasTan, ekonomikuri xasiaTis
dokumentebTan, Semowmeba/monitoringsa da nebarTvebTan dakavSirebuli
normebis gamoyenebis saSualebas.
amJamad moqmedi da proeqtis konteqstis relevanturi dadgenilebebis
CamonaTvali mocemulia qvemoT, cxrilebSi 1 da 2. cxrilebs unda daematos
yvela sxva Sesabamisi kanoni saWiroebisamebr.

cxrili 1. saqarTveloSi moqmedi garemosdacviTi kanonebi da dadgenilebebi
kanonis/dadgenilebis dasaxeleba TariRi
saqarTvelos kanoni niadagis dacvis Sesaxeb (Sesw. 1997, 2002) 1994
kanoni saqarTvelos teritoriaze narCenebis tranzitisa da importis Sesaxeb 1995
saqarTvelos kanoni garemos dacvis Sesaxeb (Sesw. 2000, 2003, 2007) 1996
saqarTvelos kanoni daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb (Sesw. 2003, 2004,
2005, 2006, 2007)
1996
saqarTvelos kanoni Sinagani organoebis Sesaxeb (Sesw. 1999, 2002, 2004, 2005) 1996
saqarTvelos kanoni veluri bunebis Sesaxeb (Sesw. 2001, 2003, 2004) 1997
saqarTvelos kanoni wylis Sesaxeb (Sesw. 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006) 1997

4
konstituciiT gaTvaliswinebulia garemos dacvis sferoSi qveynis moqalaqeTa ufleba-
movaleobebis mmarTveli principebi (muxli 37). am dokumentiT gaTvaliswinebulia
samarTlebrivi CarCo, romelic uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebis wevrebis xelmisawvdomlobas
informaciaze da warmoadgens garemosdacviT pirobebTan dakavSirebiT sazogadoebasTan
konsultaciis procesis mniSvnelovan komponents. mTavroba valdebulia, uzrunvelyos
bunebrivi resursebis racionaluri gamoyeneba da zogadad, daicvas garemo.
11

kanoni atmosferuli haeris dacvis Sesaxeb (Sesw. 2000, 2007, 2008) 1999
saqarTvelos kanoni saxifaTo narCenebiT gamowveuli zaralis anazRaurebis
Sesaxeb (Sesw. 2002, 2003)
1999
saqarTvelos tyis kodeqsi (Sesw. 2000, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2006) 1999
garemos dacvis ministris #59 brZanebis safuZvelze damtkicda dadgenileba
garemosdacviTi zemoqmedebis Sefasebis Sesaxeb
2002
saqarTvelos kanoni saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxisa da wiTeli wignis Sesaxeb
(Sesw. 2006)
2005
saqarTvelos kanoni saxanZro usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb 2005
saqarTvelos kanoni licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb 2006
saqarTvelos kanoni licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb 2007
saqarTvelos kanoni ekologiuri Sefasebis Sesaxeb 2007
saqarTvelos kanoni garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis Sesaxeb 2007
saqarTvelos kanoni ekologiuri eqspertizis Sesaxeb 2007
saqarTvelos kanoni garemos dacvis samsaxuris Sesaxeb 2007
garemosdacviTi zianis Sefasebis meTodologia 2011

socialur da miwis sakuTrebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli kanonebi da
dadgenilebebi samSeneblo proeqtebTan dakavSirebiT Semdegia:

cxrili 2. proeqtTan kavSirSi myofi socialur da miwis sakuTrebis
sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli kanonebi
dadgenileba TariRi
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi 1997
sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis arasasoflo-sameurneo mizniT gamoyofisas
sanacvlo miwis aTvisebis Rirebulebisa da miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb
1997
saqarTvelos kanoni mSeneblobis proeqtebis saxelmwifo kompleqsuri eqspertizis da
damtkicebis Sesaxeb
1999
saqarTvelos kanoni kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis Sesaxeb 1999
saqarTvelos kanoni saproeqto-samSeneblo saqmianobis licenzirebis Sesaxeb 1999
saqarTvelos kanoni aucilebeli sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisaTvis sakuTrebis
uflebis CamorTmevis wesis Sesaxeb
1999
saqarTvelos kanoni saxelmwifos sakuTrebaSi arsebuli sasoflo-sameurneo
daniSnulebis miwis privatizaciis Sesaxeb
2005
saqarTvelos kanoni uZrav qonebaze uflebaTa registraciis Sesaxeb 2005
saqarTvelos kanoni saqarTvelos zRvisa da mdinareTa napirebis regulirebisa da
sainJinro dacvis Sesaxeb
2006
saqarTvelos kanoni kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb 2007
saqarTvelos kanoni sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis Sesaxeb 2007
saqarTvelos kanoni fizikuri da kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli pirebis mflobelobaSi
(sargeblobaSi) arsebul miwis nakveTebze sakuTrebis uflebis aRiarebis Sesaxeb
2007

12

2.1.2. saerTaSoriso garemosdacviTi xelSekrulebebi, romelTa monawile
mxaresac warmoadgens saqarTvelo
mTavrobaTaSorisi SeTanxmebebi, protokolebi da konvenciebi, romelTa
monawile an xelmomwer mxaresac warmoadgens saqarTvelo, mocemulia
qvemoT, cxrilSi 3.

cxrili 3. saerTaSoriso garemosdacviTi xelSekrulebebi, romelTa
monawile mxaresac warmoadgens saqarTvelo
saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebi saqarTvelo
TariRi statusi
1969 briuselis saerTaSoriso konvencia Ria zRvaSi CarevasTan dakavSirebiT
iseTi incidentebis dros, romlebic iwveven navTobiT dabinZurebas
1995 Ac
1971 ramsaris konvencia saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis Warbteniani
teritoriebis, gansakuTrebiT wylis frinvelTa sabinadrod vargisi
teritoriebis Sesaxeb. 1982 (parizi) cvlilebebi; 1987 (regina) cvlilebebi
1996 Ra
1971 briuselis konvencia navTobiT dabinZurebiT gamowveuli kompensaciis
mizniT saerTaSoriso fondis Seqmnis Sesaxeb. 1992 fondis protokoli
2001 Ra
1972 parizis konvencia msoflio kulturuli da bunebrivi memkvidreobis
dacvis Sesaxeb
1992 Su
1973 vaSingtonis konvencia gadaSenebis ouras myofi veluri faunisa da
floris saxeobebiT saerTaSoriso vaWrobis Sesaxeb 1979 (boni)
Sesworeba; 1983 (gaborone) Sesworeba
1996 Ra
1973 (londoni). konvencia gemebis narCenebiT dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebis
Sesaxeb (marpoli)
1978 (londoni). protokoli (izolirebuli balasti)
1978 (londoni). danarTi III SefuTuli formiT gadaziduli saxifaTo
nivTierebebis Sesaxeb
1978 (londoni). danarTi IV Camdinare wylebis Sesaxeb
1978 (londoni). danarTi V nagvis Sesaxeb
1995 Ra
1979 (boni) konvencia gareuli cxovelebis migraciuli saxeobebis
konservaciis Sesaxeb
1991 (londoni).SeTanxmeba evropaSi xelfrTianebis populaciebis dacvis
Sesaxeb
1992 (niu-iorki). SeTanxmeba mcire veSapisnairTa dacvis Sesaxeb baltiisa
da CrdiloeTis zRvebSi (ASCOBANS)
1995 (haaga). afrikis/evraziis SeTanxmeba wylis frinvelebis migraciuli
saxeobebis Sesaxeb (AEWA)
1996 (monako). SeTanxmeba Savi zRvis, xmelTaSua zRvisa da mimdebare
atlantikis okeanis arealSi veSapisnairTa dacvis Sesaxeb (ACCOBAMS)
2000

2001

2001

2001
Ra

Ra

Ra

Ra
1982 (montego-bei) konvencia zRvis Sesaxeb kanonis Sesaxeb
1994 (niu-iorki) SeTanxmeba 1982 wlis 10 dekembris zRvis Sesaxeb gaeros
konvenciis debulebebis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis IX Tavis
ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic ukavSirdeba Tevzis
transgenuli populaciebisa da did manZilze migrirebadi Tevzis
populaciebis konservaciasa da marTvas.
1996

Ac
1985 venis konvencia ozonis Sris dacvis Sesaxeb
1987 (monreali). oqmi ozonis Sris damSlel nvTierebaTa Sesaxeb
1990 (londoni). protokolis Sesworeba
1992 (kopenhageni). protokolis Sesworeba
1997 (monreali). protokolis Sesworeba
1999 (pekini). protokolis Sesworeba.
1996

1996
2000
2000
2000
Ra

Ra
Ra
Ra
Ra
1989 (bazeli) konvencia saxifaTo narCenebis transsasazRvro gadazidvisa da 1999 Ra
13

saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebi saqarTvelo
TariRi statusi
maTi ganTavsebiskontrolis Sesaxeb
1995 amkrZalavi Sesworeba
1999 (bazeli) oqmi pasuxismgeblobisa da kompensaciis Sesaxeb
1990 (londoni) saerTaSoriso konvencia navTobiT dabinZurebis SemTxvevaSi
masTan brZolisa da TanamSromlobisadmi mzadyofnis uzrunvelyofis
Sesaxeb
1997 Ac
1992 (rio de Janeiro) konvencia biomravalferovnebis Sesaxeb
2000 (karTageni) oqmi biousafrTxoebis Sesaxeb
1994 Ra
1992 (niu-iorki) gaeros CarCo konvencia klimaturi cvlilebis Sesaxeb
1997 (kioto) oqmi
1994
1997
Ac
Ac
1994 (parizi) gaeros konvencia gaudabnoebis winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb 1999 Ra
1998 (roterdami) konvencia winaswari informirebuli Tanxmobis proceduris
Sesaxeb zogierTi saxifaTo qimiuri nivTierebebiTa da pesticidebiT
saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi
2007 Ra
2001 (stokholmi) konvencia mdgradi organuli damabinZureblebis Sesaxeb 2006 Ra
1979 (berni) konvencia evropaSi bunebrivi habitatebis gareuli faunisa da
floris dacvis Sesaxeb
2008 Ra
1979 (Jeneva) konvencia haeris transasazRvro dabinZurebis Sesaxeb did
manZilebze
1984 (Jeneva) protokoli TanamSromlobis programis dafinanseba (EMEP)
1985 (helsinki) protokoli gogirdis emisiebis Semcireba 30%-iT
1988 (sofia) protokoli - azotis Jangeulebis emisiis SezRudva
1991 (Jeneva) protokoli aqroladi organuli naerTebi
1994 (oslo) protokoli gogirdovani emisiebis Semdgomi Semcireba
1998 (orhusi) protokoli mZime liTonebis Sesaxeb
1998 (orhusi) protokoli mdgradi organuli damabinZureblebis Sesaxeb
1999 (gotenbergi) protokoli Jangvis, evtrifikaciisa da miwis zedapirze
arsebuli haeris dabinZurebis Semcirebis Sesaxeb
1999 Ra
1991 (espo) konvencia garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis Sesaxeb transasazRvro
konteqstSi
2003 (kievi) protokoli strategiuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis Sesaxeb
2003 Si
1992 (helsinki) konvencia transasazRvro wylebis dacvisa da gamoyenebis
Sesaxeb
1999 (londoni) protokoli wylisa da jandacvis Sesaxeb
2003 (kievi) protokoli transasazRvro wylebSi samrewvelo avariebis
transasazRvro zemoqmedebebiT gamowveul zianze samoqalaqo
pasuxismgeblobisa da kompensaciis Sesaxeb
1999 Si
1998 (orhusi) konvencia garemosdacviT sakiTxebTan dakavSirebul
informaciaze xelmisawvdomlobis, gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi
sazogadoebis monawileobisa da am sferoSi marTlmsajulebis
sakiTxebze xelmisawvdomlobis Sesaxeb.
2000 Ra
2.2. sxva saerTaSoriso normebi/ mowinave meTodebi
evrokavSiris ZiriTadi normebi da sacnobaro dokumentacia
gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, rogorc aRniSnuli
qvemoT mocemul cxrilSia naCvenebi:

14

cxrili 4. evrostandartebi da saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba Sedareba
evrokavSiris kanonmdebloba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi gaTvaliswinebuli
ekvivalenturi normebi
evrokavSiris garemosdacviTi
zemoqmedebis Sefasebis direqtiva
(85/337/EEC) SesworebebiTa da
cvlilebebiT (97/11/EC)
garemos dacvis ministris #59 brZanebis
safuZvelze damtkicda dadgenileba
garemosdacviTi zemoqmedebis Sefasebis Sesaxeb
kanoni ekologiuri eqspertizis Sesaxeb, 2007
kanoni garemos dacvis samsaxuris Sesaxeb,
kanoni garemosdacviTi nebarTvis Sesaxeb,
sxva kanonebi, kanonqvemdebare aqtebi da
dadgenilebebi
sabWos direqtiva 92/43/EEC (1992)
bunebrivi habitatebis, veluri
florisa da faunis dacvis Sesaxeb
(Natura 2000) direqtiva habitatebis
Sesaxeb
kanoni garemos dacvis Sesaxeb (1996, Sesw. 2000,
2003, 2007)
kanoni veluri bunebis Sesaxeb (1997, Sesw. 2001,
2003, 2004)
kanoni daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb
(1996, Sesw. 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007)
kanoni saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxisa da wiTeli
wignis Sesaxeb (Sesw. 2006)
kanoni daculi teritoriebis statusis Sesaxeb,
2007
biomravalferovnebis dacvis strategia da
samoqmedo gegma, 2005
wiTeli nusxa, 2005
sxva kanonebi, kanonqvemdebare aqtebi, normatiuli
aqtebi da dadgenilebebi
saqarTvelos aris CITES, Ramsar, CBD konvenciebis
monawile mxare
18 ivlisis sabWos direqtiva 78/659/EEC
mtknari wylis xarisxis Sesaxeb,
romelic aucilebelia Tevzebis
sicocxlis dacvisa da
gaumjobesebisaTvis
1979 wlis 2 aprilis sabWos direqtiva
79/409/EEC gareuli frinvelebis
konservaciis Sesaxeb
direqtiva 2000/76/EC narCenebis dawvis
Sesaxeb (94/67/EC)
narCenebis dawvis Sesaxeb raime specialuri
dadgenileba ar arsebobs; narCenebis
marTvis/ganTavsebis sakiTxebi regulirdeba
Semdegi aqtebiT:
2003, 2007)
kanoni licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb, 2006
kanoni saqarTvelos teritoriaze narCenebis
tranzitisa da importis Sesaxeb
saxelmwifo kontroli garemos dacvaze
kanoni saxifaTo narCenebis Sesaxeb
sanitaruli normebi
myari municipaluri narCenebis poligonebis
mowyobisa da eqspluataciis wesebi da normebi
kanonqvemdebare aqtebi
saqarTvelo aris bazelis konvenciis monawile
mxare.
direqtiva 2008/98/EC narCenebis Sesaxeb
(CarCo direqtiva narCenebis Sesaxeb)
direqtiva 1999/31/EC (ganaxlebulia
direqtiviT 2003/33/EC) narCenebis
poligonis Sesaxeb 91/689/EEC
(ganaxlebulia direqtiviT 94/31/EEC)
saxifaTo narCenebis kontrolirebuli
marTva
direqtiva 75/439/EEC (ganaxlebulia
direqtiviT 91/692/EEC) namuSevari zeTis
ganTavseba
96/62/EC CarCo direqtiva atmosferuli
haeris xarisxis Sefasebisa da marTvis
Sesaxeb (da Svilobili direqtivebi
99/30/EC (NOx, SO2, Pb da PM10), 00/69/EC
(benzoli, CO), 02/3/EC: ozoni, 2008/50/EC
atmosferuli haeris xarisxisa da
evropaSi ufro sufTa haeris Sesaxeb
2003, 2007)
kanoni licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb, 2006
kanoni atmosferuli haeris dacvis Sesaxeb (1999,
Sesw. 2000, 2007)
direqtiva 2000/59/EC portSi gemze
dagrovili narCenebisa da tvirTis
narCenebis mimRebi nagebobebis Sesaxeb
ar gamoiyeneba
15

evroparlamentisa da sabWos direqtiva
2000/60/EC, romelic awesebs
sazogadoebrivi moqmedebis CarCos
wylis politikis sferoSi, an ufro
mokled, evrokavSiris wylis CarCo
direqtiva.
kanoni wylis Sesaxeb (1997, Sesw. 2003, 2004, 2005,
2006)
kanoni garemos dacvis Sesaxeb
saqarTvelos kanoni sazogadoebrivi
janmrTelobis Sesaxeb
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis
saministros normatiuli aqtebi

2.3. nebarTvebis gacemis procedurebi
2.3.1. mSeneblobis nebarTva
mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacemis vadebi da pirobebi gansazRvrulia
saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2009 wlis 24 martis #57 dadgenilebiT. am
dadgenilebis Tanaxmad, nebarTvis gacema Sedgeba sami safexurisgan:
pirveli etapi gadawyvetileba mSeneblobisaTvis miwis nakveTis
gamoyenebis nebarTvis Sesaxeb (vada: ara umetes 30 dRisa);
meore etapi gadawyvetileba arqiteqturuli proeqtis Sesaxeb
SeTanxmebis Sesaxeb (vada: ara umetes 20 dRisa);
mesame etapi mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacema (vada: ara umetes 10
dRisa).

imis gamo, rom hesis samSeneblo proeqti iTvaliswinebs gvirabis mowyobas,
mSeneblobis nebarTva unda gasces ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis
saministrom.
mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacemisa da sanebarTvo pirobebis Sesaxeb #57
dadgenilebis 44-e muxlis moTxovnebis Tanaxmad, ekonomikisa da mdgradi
ganviTarebis saministros nebarTvis gacemis pirvel etapze unda waredginos
Semdegi dokumentacia:
gancxadeba;
nakveTis topografiuli gegma arsebuli pirobebis Tanaxmad (masStabi
1:500 an 1:1000);
ganmcxadeblis saidentifikacio dokumenti (amonaweri sajaro
restridan);
nakveTis situaciuri gegma Sesabamisi detalebiT (aerofoto
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi);
kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi kulturuli memkvidreobis
dacvis arealis kvlevis Sedegebi;
kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi arqeologiuri kvlevis Sedegebi;
TvalsaCino adgilze ganTavsebuli sainformacio dafis fotosuraTi;
nakveTis sakadastro sazRvrebis gegma; Tu mSenebloba igegmeba
dasaxlebul, sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis an turistul-rekreaciul
ubanze, sakadastro sazRvrebis gegmasTan erTad saWiroa mezobeli da
momijnave nakveTebis/ubnebis sazRvrebis (sakadastro sazRvrebis
rukis) warmodgena. sazRvrebis is wertilebi, romlebic aRniSnavs
kuTxeebs, moniSnuli unda iyos wertiliT koordinatebisa da
absoluturi simaRleebis CvenebiT;
nakveTis mdgomareobis maCvenebeli fotoebi;
16

gancxadeba miwis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb mSeneblobis mizniT.

nebarTvis gacemis proceduris meore etapze saministros unda waredginos
hesis kaskadis proeqti da bsgzS dokumentacia, romelsac ekonomikisa da
mdgradi ganviTarebis saministro gadaugzavnis garemos dacvis saministros.
mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacemis meore etapze saWiroa Semdegi dokumentebis
warmodgena:
samSeneblo moednis sainJinro-geologiuri kvleva;
Senoba-nagebobebis (dambebi, milsadenebi, sadawneo auzebi,
eleqtrosadgurebi da a.S.) proeqti (Sesabamisi kodebis, normebis,
standartebisa da dadgenilebebis miTiTebiT);
hesis mSeneblobis organizaciis proeqti;
samewarmeo reestriidan proeqtis saorganizacio amonaweri;
bsgzS angariSi;
haerSi emisiebis normatiuli proeqti;
zedapiruli wylis xarjvis proeqti;
informacia eqspertebis Sesaxeb;
ganacxadi proeqtis konfidencialuri nawilis Sesaxeb (aseTis
arsebobis SemTxvevaSi).

nebarTvis gacemis proceduris mesame etapze ekonomikisa da mdgradi
ganviTarebis saministros unda waredginos mxolod pirvel da meore
etapebze miRebuli daskvnebi, ris safuZvelzec moxdeba mSeneblobis
nebarTvis gacema.
2.3.2. garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis gacemis procedura
garemosdacviT nebarTvas gascems garemos dacvis saministro. nebarTva
warmoadgens proeqtze gacemuli generaluri nebarTvis nawils.
gegmiur ganviTarebaze nebarTvis gamoyenebis/ gacemis procedura, maT Soris
garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis (gzS) koordinacia, informaciis
gacxadebisa da ganxilvis vadebis dadgena saqarTvelos kanoniT moicavs
Semdeg safexurebs:

safexuri 1: ss saqarTvelos mwvane energiis ganviTarebis kompania (GGEDC)
proeqtis Sesaxeb informacias aqveynebs centralur da regionalur
gazeTebSi. aseT gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos proeqtis saTauri,
adgilmdebareoba, ganxorcielebis adgili da vadebi, aseve sazogadoebis
informirebulobis mizniT dagegmili Sexvedris (Sexvedrebis) Catarebis
adgili. gancxadebaSi aseve, miTiTebuli unda iyos is adgilebi, sadac
moxdeba bsgzS angariSis ganxilva da mis irgvliv arsebuli SeniSvnebis
warmodgena.

safexuri 2: gazeTebSi informaciis gamoqveynebidan erTi kviris vadaSi
winadadebis warmomdgeni piri (GGEDC) warmoadgens bsgzS angariSs (nabeWd
da eleqtronul versiebs) warudgens garemos dacvis saministros. bsgzS
angariSis Sesaxeb sazogadoebis wevrebis SeniSvnebis misaRebad dadgenilia
45-dRiani vada. gamoqveynebidan 50-e dRidan me-60 dRemde periodSi GGEDC
17

gamarTavs Sexvedrebis serias, raTa miiRos SeniSvnebi proeqtis monawile
mxarisgan (aseTi mxare SeiZleba, iyos samTavrobo organoebi, adgilobrivi
saxelisuflebo organoebi, arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, sazogadoebis
wevrebi). Sexverda Catardeba im municipalitetebis centrebSi, sadac
igegmeba proeqtis ganxorcieleba. Sexvedrebidan xuTi dRis vadaSi GGEDC
garemos dacvis saministros warudgens Sexvedrebis oqmebs (SeniSvnebisa da
diskusiebis Semajamebel angariSs).

safexuri 3: proeqtis monawile mxareebis mier Sexvedraze gamoTqmuli an
werilobiT miRebuli yvela SeniSvna ganixileba da gadaiWreba bsgzS
daskvniT versiiT. werilobiT Semosuli yvela SeniSvnis asli, oqmebi
SeniSvnebisa da pasuxebis nawilSi bsgzS daskvniT versiaSi Seva danarTis
saxiT. daskvniTi bsgzS waredgineba garemos dacvis saministros da
sazogadoebisTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxdeba proeqtis adgilmdebareobis
rukasTan, gegmiuri ganviTarebis axsna-ganmartebiT baraTTan da emisiebisa
da dasaSvebi zRvrebis Sesaxeb angariSebTan erTad. xsenebuli masalebis
garemos dacvis saministrosTvis wardgenidan 20 dRis vadaSi moxdeba
nebarTvis gacema an nebarTvis gacemaze uaris Tqma.

18

3. winaswari teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebis etapze ganxiluli
saproeqto alternativebi
winaswari teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebis da teqnikur-ekonomikuri
dasabuTebis etapebze ganxiluli iqna md. wablarze hesis kaskadis (wablari
1, wablari 2 da wablari 3 hesebi) mSeneblobis sakiTxi. yvela ganxiluli
proeqti bunebrivi modinebis (saderivacio) hess warmoadgens.

cxrili 5. alternativebi
wablari 1 wablari 2 wablari 3 (xan-wablari)
sruli dawneva: 341 m sruli dawneva: 292 m sruli dawneva: 131 m
normatiuli xarji: 2.7 m
3
/wm normatiuli xarji: 5 m
3
/wm normatiuli xarji:
blokebis raodenoba/tipi: 2x Francis blokebis raodenoba/tipi: 2x
Francis
blokebis raodenoba/tipi: 2x
Francis
mSeneblobis vada: 2 weli mSeneblobis vada: 2 weli mSeneblobis vada: 2 weli
potenciuri dadgmuli simZlavre:
7.7 mgvt
potenciuri dadgmuli
simZlavre: 12 mgvt
potenciuri dadgmuli
simZlavre: 9.4 mgvt
eleqtroenergiis wliuri
gamomuSaveba: 43.17 gvt/sT
gamomuSaveba: 65.71 gvt/sT
gamomuSaveba: 40 gvt/sT

damatebiTi teqnikuri informacia mocemulia ZiriTad angariSSi md.md.
wablarsa da xan-wablarze hesebis teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTeba, bsgzS
da proeqti.

wablari 1. SemoTavazebuli proeqti gulisxmobda 7.7 mgvt simZlavris
bunebrivi modinebis (saderivacio) hesis mSeneblobas md. wablariswyalze
wyalmimRebiT kurort sairmesTan axlos. am ubanze SesaZlebelia,
gamomuSavdes sezonurad cvalebadi saSualo wliuri eleqtroenergia
daaxloebiT 43 gvt/sT odenobiT, hesis simZlavris gamoyenebis daaxloebiT
64%-iani koeficientiT. proeqti iTvaliswinebda sof. sairmedan kaSxlis
ubnebze daaxloebiT 1.2 km sigrZis axali misadgomi gzis mSeneblobas.
wablari-1-is ganviTarebis gegmaSi unda Sesuliyo 5 metris simaRlis
betonis ori wyalmimRebi kaSxlis, 5.200 metris sigrZisa da 1.2 metr
diametris sadawneo milgamyvanis ageba arsebuli gzis paralelurad,
gamaTanabrebeli rezervuarisa da zedapiruli eleqtrosadguris
mSenebloba (ori radialur-RerZuli (Francis) turbiniTa da sinqronuli
generatoriT). saproeqto koncefciis Tanaxmad, eleqtrosadgurs unda
emuSava rogorc avtonomiur, ise sinqronul reJimSi erovnul
eleqtroenergetikul sistemasTan erTad, rac SesaZlebels gaxdida
momxmareblisaTvis eleqtroenergiis miwodebas rogorc pirdapir, ise
sistemidan. hesis sistemasTan mierTeba gaTvaliswinebuli iyo 100 m sigrZis
35 kvt gadamcemi xaziT.

wablari 2. SemoTavazebuli proeqti gulisxmobda 12 mgvt simZlavris
bunebrivi modinebis (derivaciuli) hesis mSeneblobas md. wablariswyalze,
sof. wablariswylis zemoT, wablari-1-is qvemo dinebaze, kaskadur reJimSi.
mocemul ubanze SesaZlebelia, gamomuSavdes sezonurad cvalebadi saSualo
wliuri eleqtroenergia daaxloebiT 65.71 gvt/sT odenobiT, hesis
simZlavris gamoyenebis daaxloebiT 62.58%-iani koeficientiT. ganaxlebuli
19

gza gadis mTeli mSeneblobis sigrZeze. wablariswyali-2-is ganviTarebis
gegmaSi unda Sesuliyo 5 metris simaRlis betonis kaSxlis, 5.200 metris
sigrZisa da 1.4 metr diametris sadawneo milgamyvanis ageba, gamaTanabrebeli
rezervuarisa da miwiszeda eleqtrosadguris mSenebloba, romelic
aRWurvili iqneboda ori radialur-RerZuli turbiniTa da sinqronuli
generatorebiT. saproeqto koncefciis Tanaxmad, Zalur kvanZs unda emuSava
rogorc avtonomiur, ise sinqronul reJimSi erovnul eleqtroenergetikul
sistemasTan erTad, rac SesaZlebels gaxdida momxmareblisaTvis
eleqtroenergiis miwodebas rogorc pirdapir, ise sistemidan. hesis
sistemasTn mierTeba gaTvaliswinebuli iyo 100 m sigrZis 35 kvt gadamcemi
xaziT.

wablari 3. SemoTavazebuli proeqti gulisxmobda 9.4 mgvt simZlavris
bunebrivi modinebis (saderivacio) hesis mSeneblobas md. wablariswyalze,
wablari-2-is qveda biefSi, kaskadur reJimSi. mocemul ubanze SesaZlebelia,
gamomuSavdes sezonurad cvalebadi saSualo wliuri eleqtroenergia
daaxloebiT 40 gvt/sT odenobiT. ganaxlebuli gza gadis mTeli
mSeneblobis sigrZeze. wablariswyali-3-is ganviTarebis gegmaSi unda
Sesuliyo md. wablarze tirolis dabali kaSxlis ageba, romelic wylis
xarjs gadaagdebda 100 m sigrZis saleqar arxebSi (saSualo siRrmiT 4.5 m
da 3.4 m), 5,600 m sigrZis sadawneo gvirabis (diametriT 2.5 m) da 420 m sigrZis
foladis sadawneo milsadenis, aseve, eleqtrosadguris mSenebloba,
romelic aRWurvili iqneboda ori radialur-RerZuli turbiniTa da 20 m
sigrZis naTxari amridi arxiT. saproeqto koncefciis Tanaxmad, Zalur
kvanZs unda emuSava rogorc avtonomiur, ise sinqronul reJimSi erovnul
eleqtroenergetikul sistemasTan erTad, rac SesaZlebels gaxdida
momxmareblisaTvis eleqtroenergiis miwodebas rogorc pirdapir, ise
sistemidan. garda wablariswylis xarjisa, hess unda emuSava md. xaniswylis
wyalzec.

ganxiluli iqna mocemuli sqemis ramdenime varianti. winaswari teqnikur-
ekonomikuri daxasiaTeba da proeqtis alternatiuli sqemebi mocemulia
momdevno gverdebze mocemul rukaze (sur. 1, sur. 2, sur. 3 da sur. 4).
20

suraTi 1. winaswari teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebisa da 1-li alternativis proeqtebis zeda monakveTi
21

suraTi 2. winaswari teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebisa da 1-li alternativis proeqtebis qveda
monakveTi
22

suraTi 3. me-3 da me-4 alternativebis proeqtebis zeda monakveTi
23

suraTi 4. me-3 da me-4 alternativebis proeqtebis qveda monakveTi

24

3.1. alternativebis analizis meTodebi
winaswari bgszS angariSebiT Sefasda proeqtis yvela alternativa
TiToeuli saproeqto elementiT (wyalmimRebi, mimwodi mili,
eleqtrosadguri da gamSvebi) gamowveuli zemoqmedebis martivi da saimedo
Sefasebis mizniT specialurad SemuSavebuli meTodebis gamoyenebiT,
golderisa da gamas profesiuli SefasebiTa da maT gamocdilebaze
dayrdnobiT.
gamoyenebuli meTodologia iTvaliswinebs xarisxobrivi Sefasebebis
gardaqmnas raodenobriv maCveneblebad, romlebic Semdeg jamdeba saboloo
qulis misaRebad. miRebuli qula axasiaTebs TiToeuli alternativis
saerTo zemoqmedebas da iZleva alternativebis Sedarebis saSualebas.
xsenebuli meTodologia qvemoT aris aRwerili:

analizis garemosdacviTi da socialuri komponentebi
proeqtebis sirTulidan gamomdinare, potenciur zemoqmedebaTa farTo
masStabis gaTvaliswinebis mizniT SeirCa da gaanalizda 7 sxvadasxva
komponenti samuSaos moculobiT mocemuli komponentebis mixedviT.
komponentebi iyo Semdegi:

hidrogeologia;
hidrologia;
geologia da geomorfologia;
bunebrivi garemo;
xmauri da vibracia;
landSafti;
socialuri sakiTxebi.

proeqtis yoveli elementisTvis (wyalmimRebi, Sluzi, eleqtrosadguri da
gamSvebi) SeirCa da potenciuri zemoqmedebis xarisxis mixedviT
klasificirebuli iqna bsgzS angariSiT aRwerili ekologiuri da
socialuri komponentebi. moxda klasifikaciis kriteriumebis daxarisxeba
yoveli blokis mSeneblobisTvis saintereso ubnebis Taviseburebebis asaxvis
mizniT. TiToeuli komponenti aRiwera gansazRvruli raodenobis iseTi qve-
komponentebiT, romlebic yvelaze ukeT aRwers konkretul komponents da
naTlad gviCvenebs gansxvavebebs alternativebs Soris.

kriteriumebisa da komponentebis gaangariSeba
ganisazRvra rigi kriteriumebi TiToeuli qve-komponentis sensitiurobis
amomwuravad aRweris mizniT. kriteriumebi warmoadgens im ZiriTad
sakiTxebs, romlebTanac dakavSirebulia pasuxebi da qulebi. yoveli
kriteriumis qula miRebuli iqna komponentis kategoriis (potenciuri
zemoqmedebis gaTvaliswinebiT) gadamravlebiT kriteriumis qulaze. amis
Semdeg yoveli komponentisTvis gangariSebuli iqna komponentis qulis
mniSvneloba (aRvniSneT Xc-Ti) TiToeul kriteriumze miRebuli qulis
gasaSualoebiT. gaangariSebis meTodologia gamoyenebuli iqna proeqtis
yovel elementze.
25

aRniSnuli gaangariSebis meTodologiis magaliTi erT-erTi komponentisa
da erT-erTi saproeqto elementisTvis mocemulia cxrilSi 6.

cxrili 6. komponentis angariSis meTodologiis magaliTi
komponentebi
k
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
z
a
c
i
a

q
v
e
-
k
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
e
b
i

kriteriumebi
komponentis
qulis
mniSvneloba
am grafaSi mocemulia rigi SekiTxvebi
fiqsirebuli pasuxebiT. yovel pasuxs
Seesabameba gansazRvruli qula.
kriteriumis
qula

3 hidrogeologia 10
gruntis
wyali
mosalodnelia Tu ara gruntis
wyalTan kontaqti?
dabali albaTobiT = 0.3
saSualo albaTobiT = 0.5
maRali albaToba = 1
0,3
ramdeni Wa aris zemoqmedebis ubanze?
mcire raodenobis = 0.3
saSualo raodenobis = 0.5
didi raodenobis = 1
0,3

alternatiuli kategorizacia da saboloo Sefaseba
yoveli saproeqto elementis komponentis qulis mniSvneloba (Xc) mocemulia
cxrilSi, romlis vertikalur svetebSi miTiTebulia proeqtis erTi
alternativis yvela elementi, xolo horizontalur grafebSi miTiTebulia
komponentebi, romlebzec mosalodnelia zemoqmedeba. saboloo komponentis
qulis mniSvneloba TiToeuli alternativis SemTxvevaSi (mag., A1) miRebuli
iqna proeqtis yvela elementis (mag., Xc1n) komponentis qulebis jami.
sabolood qulis alternatiuli mniSvneloba (mag., ASV1) Sefasda, rogorc
saboloo komponentis qulis mniSvnelobaTa jami. magaliTi mocemulia
cxrilSi 7.

cxrili 7. alternatiuli gaangariSebis meTodologia
komponenti wyalaReba

mimwodi
mili

eleqtrosadguri

gamSvebi

saboloo
komponentis
qulis
mniSvneloba
hidrogeologia Xct Xc2 Xcn A1=jami (Xc1n)
hidrologia Xcht Xch2 Xchn A2=jami (Xc1n)
geologia da geomorfologia
bunebrivi garemo
xmauri da vibracia
landSafti
socialuri problema
qulis alternatiuli mniSvneloba ASV1=so(A1A7)

igive procedura iqna gamoyenebuli yvela sxva alternativis SemTxvevaSic.
analizi Catarda alternatiuli qulebis mniSvnelobebis (mag., ASV1, ASV2,
ASV3) SedarebiT. (rac naklebia TiToeuli alternativaze qulis
mniSvneloba, miT ukeTesia mocemuli alternativis garemosdacviTi da
socialuri maxasiaTeblebi).

26

3.2. alternativebis analizis Sedegebi
zemoT aRwerili meTodologia gamoyenebuli iqna sxvadasxva
alternativebis yvela elementis Sesafaseblad. proeqtis alternativebi
Sefasda 2012 wlis 17 ianvars golderisa da gamas specialistebis
monawileobiT gamarTul seminarze. alternativebis analizis Sedegebis
safuZvelze miRebuli iqna Semdegi qulebi:
alternativebi wablari
winaswari teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTeba 309,10
alternativa 1 217,74

rogorc cxrilidan Cans, 1-li alternativa iZleva wablaris proeqtis
yvelaze xelsayrel ekologiur da socialur maCveneblebs.

sxva alternativebi teqnikuri gadawyveta da ganaxlebadi energiis
alternatiuli wyaroebi
saTave nageboba
wyalsaSviani kaSxali da
gverdiTi tipis wyalmimRebi
dasaSleli (fariani) kaSxali rezinis gasaberi kaSxali
- Warbi wylis xarjis
avtomaturad gatareba;
- meqanikuri mowyobilobis
simcire;
- eqspluataciis simartive ar
saWiroebs mudmiv
monitorings, magram
saWiroebs yoveldRiur
Semowmebas.
- minimaluri zemoqmedeba
hidrologiur reJimze;
- wyaldidobebis periodSi
dasaSleli kaSxlis gaxsnili
farebi saSualebas iZleva
maqsimalurad SevinarCunoT
bunebrivi kalapoturi
procesebi.
- saSualebas iZleva
uzrunvelvyoT mdinareuli
natanis Seuferxebeli
transportireba qvemo biefSi.
- saleqaris muSaobis
efeqturobis amaRleba
zRurblis gamrecxi
galereebis mowyobiT.
- saWiroa faris gaxsnis
regulireba operatoris mier
wyaldidobis dros;
- didi raodenobis meqanikuri
nawilebi da farebi;
- eqspluataciis sirTule;
- liTonis konstruqciebi
saWiroebs periodul
Seremontebas.
- minimaluri zemoqmedeba
hidrologiur reJimze;
mSeneblobis mcire vadebi;
- teqmomsaxureobisa da
remontis simartive da
siswrafe;
- miwisZvrisadmi medegi;
- mavne pirobebisadmi
Seguebadoba;
- marTvadi eqspluatacia
nebismieri reJimis
pirobebSi sruli
Sevsebidan cariel
milamde;
- garantirebulad
usafexuro muSaoba;
- ekologiurad sufTa;
- martivad samarTavi ar
saWiroebs ZviradRirebul
Senobebsa da manqana-
danadgarebs, rac iZleva
zamTris pirobebSi
uproblemod muSaobis
saSualebas.

milsadenebi
miwisqveSa miwiszeda
- metad aris daculici meqanikuri
dazianebisagan, vandalizmisa da garemo
faqtorebis zemoqmedebisagan (mag., korozia,
- monitoringis simartive eqspluataciis
etapsi;
- ar saWiroebis miwis samuSaoebs
27

gayinva);
- operirebis procesSi minimaluri zemoqmedeba
faunaze, adamianebis da saqqonlis Tavisufali
gadaadgilebis SesaZleblobaze;
- temperaturis naklebi zemoqmedeba da
kompensatorebis gamoyenebis saWiroebis naklebi
albaToba;
- miwis samuSaoebis saWiroeba (Sesabamisi
zemoqmedebiT garemoze);
- mosalodnelia zemoqmedeba gruntis wylebze;
- vizualuri zemoqmedeba;
- antikoroziul safaris gamoyenebis saWiroeba;
- im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saWiro gaxda kompensatorebis
gamoyeneba, maTi operirebis sirTule;
- SezRudulia vizualuri Semowmeba;
- SekeTebis/teqmomsaxureobis sirTule.
mSeneblobisas da SekeTebisas;
- ar arsebobs miwisqveSa wylebis
dabinZurebis riski;
- naklebad daculia garemo pirobebis
zemoqmedebisagan;
- saWiroebs antikoroziul safars;
- SeiZleba, SezRudos adamianebisa da
saqonlis/cxovelebis Tavisufali
gadaadgileba;
- SeiZleba, gamoiwvios habitatebis
danawevreba;
- vizualuri zemoqmedeba.

afeTqeba meqanikuri gvirabis saburRi
manqanis gamoyenebiT (TBM)
SeniSvna
- saSiSia, radgan samuSao
dakavSirebulia asafeTqebeli
masalis gamoyenebasTan;
- gvirabis kedlebi ar aris gluvi;
- gvirabis gayvanas didi dro
sWirdeba;
- CamoSlis riski;
- saWiroa masalis gatana,
wyalarinebisa da blokirebis
problemis gadawyveta;
- gvirabis Wrilis forma
samuSaoebis Sesrulebisas
problemas ar qmnis;
- martivia brtyeli Ziris miReba,
romelzedac SesaZlebelia
liandagis mowyoba;
- dabalia aRWurvilobis
mwyobridan gamosvlis riski.
- gvirabis gayvanis da
mopirkeTebis samuSaebis
paralelur reJimSi Sesrulebis
SesaZlebloba;
- uqmi gamonamuSevrebis
minimaluri moculoba;
- garemomcveli qanebis
mTlianobis uzrunvelyofa;
- gvirabis gayvanis siswrafe da
xarisxi;
- samuSaoTa kompleqsuri xasiaTi
(gayvana, dabetoneba);
- ori gvirabgamyvani meqanizmis
gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi
aucilebeli aRar iqneba me-2
samSeneblo Stolnis,
portalisa da 2.5 km sigrZis
misasvleli gzis mowyoba;
- erTi gvirabgamyvani meqanizmis
gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi aRarc
samSeneblo Stolnis mowyoba
iqneba aucilebeli;
- saWiro iqneba mxolod ori
portali (Sesasvleli da
gamosasvleli). portalebi
imuSavebs mokle drois
ganmavlobaSi;
- usafrTxo - asafeTqebeli
masalis gamoyeneba ar xdeba.
gadawyda gvirabis
gayvana burRva-
afeTqebis farTod
gavrcelebuli meTodiT
burRviTi gvirabis
nacvlad (mag., TBM-is
saSualebiT). es
gadawyveta ufro
Sesaferisad CaiTvala
misi ekonomiurobisa da
didi gamocdilebis
mqone adgilobrivi
samuSao Zalis
gamoyenebis
SesaZleblobis gamo. am
variantis naklia is, rom
samuSaoebi did dros
saWiroebs.

miwisqveSa wylis kontrolis meTodi
wylis mocileba cementacia gayinva hidroizolacia PVC-s
saSualebiT
- yvelaze martivi da iafi
meTodiT wylis
- garda miwisqveSa
wylis Sekavebisa,
- zogadad
gamoiyeneba Saxtis
- hidroizolaciis
gamoyenebisas adgili
28

amotumbviT saWiroebs
tumbos gamoyenebas;
- saWiroa tumbos
gamoyeneba
- gadasawyvetia wylis
CaSvebis da gawmendis
sakiTxebi (dawmenda,
filtracia)
zedapiruli wylis
obieqtSi CaSvebamde;
- Tu miwisqveSa wylis
horizonti
wyalmomaragebis
wyaros warmoadgens
wylis gadinebam
SeiZleba
wyalmomaragebisTvis
saWiro odenoba
Seamciros;
- drenireba gavlenas
axdens hidravlikuri
wnevis ganawilebaze.
amcirebs
zedapiris jdenis
risks;
- saWiroebs did
dros da aris
masalatevadi; ar
aris srulad
saimedo maSinac
ki, rodesac yvela
pirobis da
usafrTxoebis
zomebis dacviT
aris mowyobili;
- saWiroebs cements
da wyals.
gavlisas, Tumca,
misi gamoyeneba
SeiZleba, gvirabis
gayvanis drosac;
- saWiroebs gamyinav
agents.
ara aqvs
zemoqmedebas
gruntis wylis
xarisxze;
- saWiroebs
saizolacio masalis
gamoyenebas,
dakavSirebulia
damatebiT xarjebTan
(masalis Rirebuleba
da mowyobis xarji).

energiis alternatiuli wyaroebi ganaxlevadi resursebi
hidroresursebi
upiratesoba nakli
- vat-saaTis yvelaze dabali Rirebuleba;
- emisiebis ararseboba;
- Cveulebriv prognozirebadi wliuri
gamomuSaveba;
- mniSvnelovan teqnikur momsaxureobasa da
SekeTebas saWiroebs mxolod periodulad.
- damokidebulia resursebis arsebobaze da
amdenad, yvelgan misi gamoyeneba SeuZlebelia;
- gavlenas axdens wylis resursebze (garda
gamdinare hesebisa);
- samSeneblo sawyisi Rirebuleba SeiZleba,
iyos maRali kaSxlisa da infrastruqturis
mSeneblobis gamo;
- civ regionebSi SeiZleba, wamoiWras milebis
gayinvis problema;
- moZravi nawilebi cvdeba;
- didi wyalsacavis mowyobis SemTxvevaSi
SeiZleba, imoqmedos tenianobaze/gamoiwvios
klimatis cvlileba.

mzis energia
upiratesoba nakli
- SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas nebismier
adgilze
- ar gaaCnia emisia
- periodulad moiTxovs Zalian mcire
SekeTebas da teqnikur momsaxurebas
- gaaCnia xangrZlivi sasicocxlo dro
- ar saWiroebs mudmiv monitorings, SeiZleba
meTvalyureobis gareSe datoveba didi drois
ganmavlobaSi
- SesaZlebelia saproeqto simZlavris miRweva
ganTavsebis nebismier adgilas
- dayenebis simartive
- panelebis siZvire
- gamomuSavebis cvalebadobis gamo saWiroebs
akumulatorebis didi raodenobis
gamoyenebas an sxva alternatiul wyaros
arsebobas
- saWiroebs karg eqspozicias mzis
sxivebisadmi (SeiZleba ganTavsdes mxolod
Ria, mzian, uCrdilo teritoriaze)
- fotovolturma sistemebma SesaZlebelia
imoqmedos biologiur garemoze
mowyoba/funqcionirebisTvis didi farTobis
saWiroebis gamo.

29

- uxmauro funqcionireba
- ar azianebs niadags, Tumca ar iZleva am
miwis nakveTis sxva mizniT gamoyenebis
saSualebas.
mniSvnelovani potencialis miuxedavad mzis energetika saqarTveloSi ganviTarebuli ar aris.
Teoriuli gaTvlebiT wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi mzis energiis gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia
iseTi raodenobis eleqtroenegiis miReba, risTvisac saWiro iqneba 32.5 miliardi tona
standartuli sawvavis dawva. qveynis teritoriis umetes nawilSi mziani dReebis raodenoba
weliwadSi 200-dan 250 dRemde farglebSia, xolo weliwadSi 1m
2
farTobze mzis energiis raodenoba
1300-1800 kvt-s Seadgens.
ekologiuri TvalsazrisiT es alternativa sakmaod mimzidvelia. Tumca, bolo wlebSi, zogierTi
ekologis mier gamoTqmulia azri mzis batareebis warmoebis procesis garemoze uaryofiTi
zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb, rac am resursis gamoyenebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebis Sefasebisas
yuradsaRebia. sakiTxi dReisaTvis kvlevis stadiaSia.

qaris energia
upiratesoba nakli
- kargi adgilmdebareobis SerCevis SemTxvevaSi
dabali vat-saaTis Rirebuleba
- emisiebis ararseboba
- teritoriis swori SerCevis SemTxvevaSi
saproeqto simZlavris miRebis SesaZlebloba.
- damokidebulia resursze (saWiroa
ganTavsebis teritoriis swori SerCeva)
- montaJis siZvire, mZime aRWurvilobis
gamoyenebis saWiroeba
- vizualuri efeqti
- zemoqmedeba frinvelebsa da Ramurebze
- gamomuSavebis sporadiulobis gamo
saWiroebs akumulatorebis didi
raodenobis an alternatiuli wyaros
gamoyenebas
- xmauri
- teqnikuri momsaxurebis/remontis sirTule
(simaRleze muSaobis saWiroebis gamo).
- moZravi nawilebis cveTa
- mSral regionebSi gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi
saWiroebs wyals turbinebis mtvrisgan da
mwerebisgan gasawmendad.
- araswori dayenebis/ganTavsebis
SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gamoiwvios niadagis
erozia.
qaris energiis potenciali Sefasebulia rogorc 2,300 mvt. amJamad saqarTveloSi arsebobs mxolod
ramdenime 6 kvt simZlavris qaris generatori. arsebuli oficialuri monacemebiT, qaris saSuali
siCqare saqarTveloSi 0.5-0.9 m/wm Seadgens. qaris maRali siCqare damaxasiaTebelia didi kavkasionis
Ria adgilebSi da samxreT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi. zogierT regionSi, mag. mtkvris da rionis
xeobebSi qaris siCqare 15 m/wm SeiZleba aRematebodes.

hidroTermuli energia
upiratesoba nakli
- iafi, mowyobis/mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg
- mcire an nulovani emisia eqspluataciis
procesSi
- erTi megavatis misaRebad saWiro teritoriis
farTobi naklebia yvela sxva tipis ganaxlebadi
resursis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi aucilebelTan
SedarebiT
- ar aris damokidebuli amindis cvlilebaze.
- damokidebulia resursis arsebobaze
- saWiroebs maRal investicias Ziebis,
burRvis, montaJis dros.
- wyali da orTqli xSirad koroziulia da
mdidaria gaxsnili elementebiT, SeiZleba
gaWedos an daazianos milebi;

geoTermul energetikasTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi problemebi/sakiTxebi dakavSirebulia
30

mSeneblobis procesTan da moicavs iseT sakiTxebs, rogorc Camdinare wylebi (burRvis narCenebi -
saburRi xsnari da myari narCenebi, gamoyenebuli geoTermuli fluidebi), emisiebi, myari narCenebi,
WaburRilebis da milsadenis dazianeba.
Tumc arsebuli gamocdilebiT WaburRilis da milsadenis dazianeba burRvis da eqspluataciis
dros sakmaod iSviaTad xdeba, avariam SesaZlebelia saburRi danamatebis, fluidebis da miwisqveSa
formaciebidan gogirdwyalbadis gamofrqveva gamoiwvios. milsadenis dazianebis SemTxvevaSi
SesaZlebelia mZime metalebis, mJavebis, da sxva damabinZureblebis Semcveli geoTermuli
fluidebis da orTqlis amofrqveva moxdes. amis Tavidan asacileblad unda warmoebdes
regularuli teqmomsaxureba (koroziis kontroli, wnevis monitoringi, amofrqvevis sawinaaRmdego
aRWurvilobis kontroli, sarqvelebi). SemuSavdes avariul situaciebze reagirebis gegma, rac
aZvirebs hidroTermuli resursebis energogeneraciisTvis gamoyenebas sawyis etapze.

biomasa (xis merqnis CaTvliT)
upiratesoba nakli
- iyenebs ganaxlebad resurss
- ar abinZurebs garemos (kvamli an ar
warmoiqmneba an xdeba misi daWera).

- megavati energiis misaRebad saWiroebs
~sawvavis (mag. xis an sxva mcenareebis)
sawarmoeblad did farTobs.
- xdeba organuli masis dawva, romelic
SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnas niadagis
nayofierebis gasaumjobeseblad
- saWiroebs wyals, radgan boileri, sadac
xdeba biomasis dawva, saWiroebs wyals
orTqlis sawarmoeblad da gacivebisTvis.
(reciklirebis SemTxvevaSi wylis
moxmareba SeiZleba, Semcirdes)
- wylis amoRebam SeiZleba gavlena iqonios
cxovelebsa da adamianebze, romlebic am
resursiT sargebloben.
- gamoiyofa azotis oqsidebi da gogirdis
oqsidis mcire raodenoba.
- boilerisaTvis da gasaciveblad
gamoyenebuli wylis dabinZurebis
SemTxvevaSi zedapiruli wylis obieqtSi
CaSvebisas SesaZlebelia, imoqmedos wylis
ekosistemaze.
- gasaciveblad gamoyenebuli wyali
zedapiruli wylis obieqtSi dabrunebisas
Tbilia, ramac SeiZleba zemoqmedeba
moaxdinos wylis ekosistemaze.
- wvis Sedegad warmoiqmneba saxifaTo
elementebis Semcveli ferfli, romelic
saTanadod unda iqnas ganTavsebuli
- saWiroebs teritorias aRWurvilobis da
sawvavis gansaTavseblad
- Tu xdeba specialurad moyvanili
mcenareebis sawvavad gamoyeneba - saWiroa
Sesabamisi farTobis arseboba.
biomasis gamoyeneba energogeneraciisTvis, regionSi mecxoveleobis da soflis meurneobis
ganviTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT SeiZleba erT-erT alternativad miviCnioT. Tumca, biomasis
gamoyenebiT generirebuli simZlavre umniSvneloa da ver uzrunvelyofs saWiro simZlavris miRebas.

nulovani qmedebis alternativa
Tu hesi mocemul regionSi ar aSendeba, cxadia, Tavidan iqneba acilebuli
yvela mosalodneli ekologiuri riski da zemoqmedeba. Tumca, proeqtis
31

ganxorcielebiT viRebT garkveul sargebels, romelTa Soris aRsaniSnavia:
droebiTi da SedarebiT grZelvadiani dasaqmebis perspeqtivebi,
municipalitetis biujetis zrda qonebis Semosavlebis xarjze.
gamomuSavebuli energia SeuerTdeba energoganawilebis saxelmwifo
sistemas, rac gazrdis zogadad saxelmwifos mier gamomuSavebuli energiis
raodenobas. amdenad, SeiZleba, davaskvnaT, rom nulovani moqmedebis
alternativa ar aris racionaluri.

cxrili 8. alternativebis miaxloebiTi Sedareba
alternativa
haeri niadagi wyali
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wyalmimRebis tipi
wyalsaSviani

fariani

rezinis gasaberi
kaSxali

gvirabis gayvanis meTodi:
burRva-afeTqebiT
gayvanis mqanikuri
meTodi (TMB)

amoRebuli masalis transportireba:
satvirToTi
vagonetebiT
konveieriT
sadawneo milsadenis tipi:
miwisqveSa
miwiszeda
sxvadasxva ganaxlebadi wyaroebi:
hidroenergia
qaris energia
mzis energia
hidroTermuli
energia

biomasa
nulovani
alternativa

4. proeqtis aRweriloba
SemoTavazebuli variantebis Sedarebis Sedegad gadawyda sqemis wablari-2
komponentis ganxorcieleba. proeqtis SemuSavebis procesSi zemoT mokled
aRweril teqnikur gadawyvetilebebSi Setanili iqna garkveuli cvlilebebi.
axali koncefciiT proeqtSi Sedis:
rezinis gasaberi kaSxali fariTa da TevzsavaliT;
daxuruli saleqaris kamera gisosiT, Tevzdamcavi cxauriT, saleqari
wyalsaSviT, gamrecxi saketiTa da nagavdamWeri gisosis sawmendi
manqaniT; gamrcexi arxi, sadawneo milis Semyvani gisosi da
aeraciis/deaeraciis milTan mimyvani gza teqmomsaxureobis
Casatareblad;
32

sadawneo mili (456 m sigrZis);
xidi (39 m sigrZis, mdinareze);
gvirabi (sigrZiT 5 km, eqskavaciis diametri 3.20 m);
Zalovani kvanZi, aRWurvili peltonis tipis ori turbiniT
(vertikaluri RerZi).
kaSxali. mdinare wablaris gadagdeba xdeba udabnod wodebuli ubnidan
odnav qvemoT. 5 m simaRlis kaSxali qmnis mcire zomis auzs (3862.5 m
2
), raTa
uzrunvelyos wylis dawneva sadawneo milsa da gvirabSi. rekomendebulia
rezinis gasaberi kaSxlis gamoyeneba (sur. 5-7).
rezinis kaSxlis unikalur Tvisebas warmoadgens is, rom mas SeuZlia
Txemze morgebuli hidroteqnikuri saketis funqcia Seasrulos. gabervis
Semdeg (haeriT, wyliT an erTad haeriTa da wyliT) igi zeviT iwevs da
akavebs wyals. daCutvis Semdeg igi gaekvreba fskers da amiT srulad uxsnis
wyals savals. garda amisa, SesaZlebelia rezinis kaSxlis daregulireba
Sualedur simaRleebze sxvadasxva dros dinebis mimarTulebiT da dinebis
sawinaaRmdegod wylis sxvadasxva donis uzrunvelsayofad. rezinis es
konstruqcia iZleva wylis donis kontrolis saSualebas. standartuli
konstruqciis rezinis kaSxali Sedgeba oTxi nawilisgan: armirebuli
rezinis konverti (1), romelic mWidrod emagreba betonis fundaments (2);
fari (3); marTvis oTaxi, romelSic moTavsebulia meqanikuri da
eleqtromowyobilobebi (mag., kompresori/wylis tumbo, gaberva-daCutvis
meqanizmi) da Semyvani/gamomyvani milsadeni sistema. rezinis konverti ivseba
haeriT an wyliT da zemoT swevs dinebis sawinaaRmdegod wylis dones,
xolo daCutvis Sedegad wylis done qvemoT iwevs. mTlianad gaberil da
aRmarTul mdgomareobaSi igi asrulebs barieris rols da axdens wylis
Setborvas. kaSxlis tani emagreba betonis fuZesa da saydenebs calmxrivi
da ormxrivi ankeruli sistemiT. rezinis kaSxlis tipiur safuZvels gaaCnia
dinebis mimarTulebisa da dinebis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebis diafragmebi
gruntis wylis gaJonvis manZilis gasazrdelad, rac amcirebs gruntis
wylis hidrostatikur amwev Zalas.

SemoTavazebuli konstruqcia Sedgebs rezinis baliSisgan (2) da farisgan
(3).

suraTi 5. kaSxlis ganivkveTi
33

rezinis kaSxlis baliSi mzaddeba kauCukis masaliT, romelic armirebulia
Signidan gamokruli qselismagvari qsoviliT. aris Zalzed elastiuri,
xexva- da cveTamedegi; uZlebs ultraiisferi sxivebis zemoqmedebas; aris
mtkice da Znelad ixeva.

kaSxlis baliSi axali Taobis rezinis kaSxlis baliSi
sur. 6. rezinis kaSxlis masala

gasaberi kaSxali naCvenebia suraTze 7.

suraTi 7. gasaberi kaSxali

gasaberi kaSxlis damontaJeba Zalzed martivia da rogorc wesi, saWiroebs
mxolod erT ankers zeda boloSi.
34

suraTi 8. damagrebis magaliTi

kaSxlis baliSi ivseba an haeriT, an wyliT. radgan Sida wneva dabalia
(daaxloebiT udris wylis dawnevas), konstruqcia aris rbili da SeuZlia,
motivtive nagviT gamowveuli zemoqmedebis amortizeba dazianebis gareSe.
aseT kaSxals gaxvretiT gamowveuli afeTqebis safrTxe ar emuqreba
(rogorc magaliTad, balons) armirebuli fenebis simtkicidan gamomdinare.
amas garda, SesaZlebelia kontrolis martivi sistemis gamoyenebiT,
romelic mudmivad akontrolebs rezinis kaSxlis Sida wnevas, kaSxlis
aweul mdgomareobaSi gaCereba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mainc moxda kaSxlis
gaxvreta. rezinis baliSis msaxurebis vadaa 20-25 weli.

baliSis gasaberad ufro xSirad iyeneben haers da ara wyals Semdegi
mizezebis gamo:
wyalma da wyalSi arsebulma nagavma SeiZleba, gamoiwvios korozia an
SeiZleba, gaWedos milebi;
haeriT gaberili kaSxlis proeqti da konstruqcia ufro martivia;
wyliT savse kaSxali saWiroebs milgayvanilobis ufro rTul
sistemas da xSirad saWiroebs auzs, sadac moxdeba mdinareSi wylis
dabali doneebisas kaSxlis gasaberad saWiro wylis dagroveba;
haeriT gaberili kaSxlis gabervasa da daCutvas bevrad naklebi dro
sWirdeba, vidre igive zomis wyliT gaberili kaSxlis gaberva-
daCutvas;
wylis wonis gamo wyliT gaberil kaSxals aqvs CaRunuli forma aqvs
da amdenad saWiroebs kauCukis met masalas, vidre igive simaRlis
haeriT gaberili kaSxali;
wyliT gaberili kaSxlis garSemoweriloba misi simaRlis daaxloebiT
4.8-s udris, xolo haeriT gaberili kaSxlis SemTxvevaSi es maCvenebeli 3.5-
ia. wyliT gaberili kaSxlis tanis dasamontaJeblad kaSxlis fuZe unda
iyos ufro ganieri, vidre igive simaRlis haeriT gaberili kaSxlisa.
35

Tumca, haeriT gaberili kaSxali naklebad mdgradia da masze ufro
Zlierad moqmedebs vibracia, vidre wyliT gaberili kaSxali. wyliT
gaberili kaSxali ufro metad rekomendebulia rTul hidravlikur
pirobebSi (markusi, 1995).
rezinis gasaber kaSxals tradiciul konstruqciebTan SedarebiT garkveuli
upiratesobebi aqvs:
dasaxeleba aRweriloba
mSeneblobis mokle
vada
rezinis kaSxlis tani aris ufro msubuqi da portatuli.
mzaddeba qarxanaSi erT nakeTobad da ikeceba (ixveva), rac
aadvilebs mis gadatanas kaSxlis dadgmis adgilze. rezinis
kaSxali saWiroebs martiv msubuq sagebs (safuZvels) 10-15 sm-
iani CaRrmavebiT maSin, rodesac foladis sakets rogorc wesi,
50-80 sm-iani CaRrmaveba aqvs (Bridgestone, 1997a). rezinis tanis
betonis sagebis mowyoba SesaZlebeli swrafad, martivad da
ekonomiurad. sagebze rezinis tanis dasamagreblad gamoiyeneba
erTi- an ormxrivi mimWeri firfita.
swrafi da martivi
teqmomsaxureoba da
remonti
saWiroebs minimalur teqmomsaxureobas. ar saWiroebs SeRebvas,
dazeTvasa da gapoxvas. rac Seexeba foladis sakets, igi
saWiroebs ZviradRirebul teqmomsaxureobas, rogoricaa Jangis
moSoreba, gadaRebva da hidravlikuri zeTis Secvla. rezinis
tanis dazianebebis aRmofxvra SesaZlebelia avtomobilis
saburavebisa da konveieris lentis saremonto danadgarebis
gamoyenebiT. moZvelebuli dambebis rekonstruqcia/Secvla
martivia.
saproeqto sasicocxlo
ciklis siiafe
rezinis kaSxlis saproeqto sasicocxlo ciklis xarji
dabalia qarxnulad damzadebuli kaSxlis tanis, mdinaris
napirebis umniSvnelod Secvlis, betonis msubuqi sagebis,
swrafi agebisa da montaJis, eqspluataciis simartivisa da
minimaluri teqmomsaxureobis gamo.
seismomedegi martivi da msubuqi miwiszeda konstruqciis, rezinis tanze
datvirTvis Tanabari gadanawilebisa da betonis msubuqi
sagebis gamo rezinis kaSxali ufro metad seismomedegia igive
funqciis sxva konstruqciebTan SedarebiT.
mavne pirobebisadmi
adaptirebadi
rezinis kaSxlis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia araxelsayrel
garemo pirobebSic, kerZod, dabali temperaturis pirobebSi
(rodesac foladis saketi gamousadegaria. magaliTad, yinvis
pirobebSi problemuria rogorc asawevi, ise radialuri tipis
wyalsaSvis saketis muSaoba. problema iqmneba yinuliT
gamowveuli gazrdili hidrostatikuri datvirTvisa da
friqciuli winaRobis gamo. ukidures SemTxvevebSi saketi
SeiZleba, dafaros yinulma da Sedegad moxdes misi gayinva
adgilzeve (Sehgal, 1996)). haeriT gasaber rezinis kaSxals
msgavsi problemebi ar emuqreba da zemoaRweril pirobebSi
Seuferxeblad muSaobs. rezinis kaSxali, imis gamo, rom aris
drekadi, axdens modreife yinulis zemoqmedebis amortizebas
yinulis zemoqmedebis dros icvlis formas, magram Semdeg
kvlav sawyis formas ubrundeba. garda amisa, rezinis kaSxali
amcirebs tradiciul hidravlikur sistemaSi yinulis
dagrovebiT gamowveul datborvis problemas zeda biefSi.
gayinvisadmi midrekili mdinareebis SemTxvevaSi rezinis
36

dasaxeleba aRweriloba
kaSxlebi damreci gverdebiT da naklebi Sualeduri dambebiT
metad rekomendebulia wylis marTvis mravaldambian
konstruqciebTan SedarebiT, romlebic akaveben yinuls, iwveven
datborvas zeda biefSi, saketebis gabitvas da burjebis
dazianebasac ki.
ekologiurad sufTa rezinis kaSxali muSaobs ekologiur reJimSi ar saWiroebs
sazeT-sapoxi masalebis gamoyenebas. Txemze regulirebad
rezinis kaSxals SeuZlia, Seqmnas esTetikuri TvalsazrisiT
sasiamovno wyalsacavi, romelic SeiZleba, gamodges, rogorc
wylis xangrZlivi habitati an iZleodes sxvadasxva sawylosno
aqtivobebis saSualebas. wylis gadmoxeTqvis efeqti kaSxlis
daCutvis dros Zalzed STambeWdavia. rezinis kaSxlis
vizualuri efeqti nakleb gamaRizianebelia sxva analogiur
konstruqciebTan (mag., tradiciul foladis saketTan an
betonis dambebTan) SedarebiT. SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva ferisa
da formis rezinis sxeulis damzadeba. garda amisa, rezinis
sxeulze SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva naxatebis, kompaniis
logoebis da sxv. gamosaxva.

saleqari. uSualod kaSxlis qveda biefSi, wablaris marcxena napirze aigeba
saleqari da sxva konstruqciebi (sur. 10-11).

sadawneo milsadeni. gvirabis wyalmimwodi mili gayveba wablaris marcxena
mxares, gadakveTs md. wablars (am mizniT mdinareze aigeba patara xidi) da
miuerTdeba sadawneo gvirabs (sur. 12).

gvirabi. gvirabis diametria 3 m, xolo misi sigrZe daaxloebiT 5,2 km-ia.
diametri mokeTebis Semdeg Semcirdeba 2.4 m-mde. geologiuri Sefasebis
Tanaxmad, Wrilis maxasiaTeblebi gansxvavdeba da Sesabamisad, gamoyenebuli
iqneba mokeTebis/armirebis sxvadasxva meTodebi. gvirabis yovel metrze
samSeneblo fazebi da Wrilis maxasiaTeblebi mocemulia suraTze 14.
gvirabis gayvana moxdeba burRva-afeTqebiT. samuSaoebis usafrTxoebis
uzrunvelyofis mizniT yovel 300 metrSi moewyoba Riobebi (20 m x 4 m) (sur.
13-14).

sadawneo milsadeni. gvirabi eleqtrosadgurs miuerTdeba daRrmavebuli
sadawneo milsadeniT.

Zalovani kvanZi da qvesadguri. eleqtrosadguri ganTavsdeba md. wablaris
marjvena mxares. Senobis zomebi: 30x15 m, simaRle 17 m (sur. 15-16). Senoba
Sedgeba mTavari blokisgan da damxmare farTisgan, sadac ganTavsdeba
ofisi, sanitaruli kvanZebi, bufeti da saZinebeli. Senoba mopirkeTdeba xiT
vizualuri efeqtis Sesarbileblad.

qvesadguri SemoiRobeba, transformatorisa da sawvavis avariulad daRvris
Semkrebi miwisqveSa cistenis qveS moewyoba RorRis fena. moxdeba
zedapiruli wylis drenireba qvesadguris perimetrze da moewyoba saleqari.
37

sur. 9. wyalsacavisa da kaSxlis struqtura
38

sur. 10. saleqari
39

sur. 11. gamrecxi arxi da sadawneo milsadeni, md. wablaris marcxena napiri
40

pirobiTi niSnebi:

sur. 12. mdinaris gadakveTa (sadawneo milsadenis xidi)
41

sur. 13. gvirabis Sesasvleli
42

sur. 14. mSeneblobis fazebi da kveTis maxasiaTeblebi gvirabis erTeul metr sigrZeze
43

sur. 15. Zalovani kvanZis ubani
44

sur. 16. hes-is Senoba
45

5. ZiriTadi monacemebi
5.1. klimati da meteorologiuri pirobebi
regionis zogadi meteorologiuri monacemebi inaxeba garemos dacvis
suministros meteorologiis departamentSi. klimatur parametrebze
sistematiuri dakvirveba warmoebs 1844 wlidan. klimaturi maCveneblebis
(mag., temperatura, naleqebi, tenianoba) Sesaxeb monacemebs agroveben
hidrometeorologiuri sadgurebi. ukanaskneli 20 wlis manZilze
saqarTveloSi hidrometeorologiuri sadgurebis ricxvi mniSvnelovnad
Semcirda. dResdReobiT mxolod 40 sadguri funqcionirebs. xelmisawvdomi
monacemebis simciris gamo moyvanili Sedegebi SesaZloa, ar iyos
srulyofili.

sur. 17. klimati

dasavleT saqarTvelos klimati Zalzed mravalferovania da zogierT
raionSi icvleba notio subtropikulidan marad gayinulobamde. klimats
ganapirobebs Savi zRvis sanapiro dasavleTiT da sami didi mTis qedis
(didi kavkasionis, lixisa da mesxeTis) amfiTeatri, garda kolxeTis
dablobisa (daWaobebuli teritoria) zustad SuagulSi. Savi zRvis
sanapiro zolSi gabatonebulia notio subtropikuli klimati. haeris
saSualo wliuri temperaturaa 14-15C, eqstremaluri mniSvnelobebiT +45C-
46

dan -15Cmde. naleqebis wliuri raodenoba icvleba 1,500-2,500 mm farglebSi.
Savi zRvis zegavleniT, dasavleT saqarTvelos klimati xasiaTdeba Tbili
zamTriT, cxeli zafxuliT da uxvi naleqiT. aq, mTian da maRalmTian
raionebSi haeris wliuri temperatura meryeobs 6-10C-dan 2-4Cmde,
absoluturi minimumiT -30C-dan -35Cmde. naleqebis wliuri raodenoba
meryeobs 1,200-1,600 mm-dan 2,000 mm-mde.
imereTSi notio subtropikuli klimatia. didi kavkasionis uReltexili
mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs klimaturi reJimis formirebaSi, aferxebs ra
civi haeris masebis SemoWras CrdiloeTidan. Savi zRvidan momavali notio
haeris zegavleniT dasavleT saqarTvelos klimati notioa, radgan Warbi
naleqi ileqeba aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos gamyofi suramis,
lixisa da aWara-TrialeTis qedebis aRmosavleT ferdobebze. zamTari
kolxeTis dablobze Tbilia. zogadad dasavleT saqarTveloSi, zRvis
donidan daaxloebiT 700 mm simaRleze saSualo temperatura nuls qvemoT
arasdros ecema. wvimis naleqis raodenoba icvleba arsebuli orografiisa
da zRvidan daSorebis mixedviT. regioni gamoirCeva atmosferuli naleqebis
siuxviT (1000-2000 mm weliwadSi). naleqebis maqsimaluri raodenoba modis
SemodgomiT da zamTarSi. imis gamo, rom meteorologiuri dakvirvebis
ZiriTadi sadgurebi mdebareobs qalaqebSi, saproeqto ubanze klimatis
daxasiaTebas viZleviT dakvirvebis uaxloesi sadguris monacemebze
dayrdnobiT. samSeneblo klimatologiuri miTiTebebis (2008 w.) Tanaxmad,
klimati saproeqto raionSi aseTia:

Tve I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
baRdadi
4.4 5 7.9 12.
6
17.
6
20.7 23 23.3 20 15.7 10.
7
6.6
sairme
-0.3 0.4 2.8 7.4 12.1 15.5 17.
4
17.8 14.6 10.
5
5.7 2
sur. 18. garemos temperatura Tveebis mixedviT

naleqebis saSualo wliuri raodenoba saproeqto regionSi meryeobs 1200-
1830 mm farglebSi, naleqebis maqsimaluri dRiuri raodenobiT 110-180 mm
sxvadasxva nawilSi. zamTari da Semodgoma wvimiania, xolo gazafxuli da
adreuli zafxuli SedarebiT mSali. fardobiTi tenianoba SesabamisobaSia
naleqebis aRweril reJimTan. zRvasTan SedarebiT axlos mdebare raionSi
Tovlian dReTa ricxvi Seadgens 12-20 dRes weliwadSi, xolo zRvidan
47

SedarebiT daSorebul raionebSi baRdadsa da zestafonSi am ricxvma
SeiZleba, 30-s miaRwios.

Tve I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
baRdadi
66 66 68 68 71 74 79 78 77 71 66 62
sairme
78 77 78 76 80 82 84 83 83 81 79 77
sur. 19. fardobiTi tenianoba Tveebis mixedviT

metsadgurebis mixedviT, sapreoqto ubanze naleqebis Sesaxeb arsebuli
monacemebi gviCvenebs, rom naleqebis raodenoba baRdadSi aWarbebs
naleqebis raodenobas sairmeSi, magram Tovlis safaris sairmeSi ufro
xangrZlivad narCundeba, vidre baRdaTSi.

cxrili 9. naleqebis wliuri da maqsimaluri dRiuri raodenoba
metsadguri naleqebis wliuri raodenoba, mm dRiuri maqsimumi,
mm
baRdaTi 1499 107
sairme 1165 83

cxrili 10. monacemebi Tovlis safaris Sesaxeb
sadguri Tovlis safaris
xangrZlivoba, dRe
baRdadi 27
sairme 82
qarebs sezonuri xasiaTi aqvs da ufro xSiri da Zlieri qarebi zamTarSi
icis. gabatonebulia aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis mimarTulebis qarebi.

cxrili 11. niadagis zedapiris temperatura
metsadguri temperatura I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII weli
sairme saSualo -2 -1 3 9 16 20 23 22 16 12 6 0 10
saS.maqsimumi 4 6 12 25 34 38 41 40 33 25 14 7 23
saS.minimumi -5 -5 -2 3 7 11 13 14 10 5 0 -4 4
dimi saSualo 3 4 8 14 21 26 28 28 22 16 9 5 15
saS.maqsimumi 10 12 18 28 40 45 47 47 39 30 18 12 29
saS.minimumi -1 -1 2 6 11 15 18 18 14 9 5 1 8

cxrili 12. qaris saSualo maqsimaluri da minimaluri siCqareebi
48

dasaxlebuli
punqti
qaris maqsimaluri siCqare (m/wm) SesaZlebeli erTxel
1 welSi 5 welSi 10 welSi 15 welSi 20 welSi
baRdaTi 19 23 24 25 26
sairme 8 10 11 11 12

cxrili 13. qaris vardi
dasaxlebuli
punqti
C (N) Ca (NE) a (E) sa (SE) s (S) sd (SW) d (W) Cd (NW) Stili
baRdaTi 2 7 25 14 16 2 29 5 15
sairme 14 42 6 15 17 4 1 1 59

sur. 20. qaris vardi (%)

proeqtis ganxorcieleba dagegmilia md.md. wablariswylisa da xaniswylis
auzebSi, imereTis zeganis samxreT nawilSi, romelsac esazRvreba aWara-
imereTis qedis ferdobebi da misi CrdiloeT ganStoebebi, rac amcirebs
zRvis gavlenas mocemul raionze da aZlierebs xmeleTis gavlenas masze.
amdenad, klimati aq ufro mSralia, xolo zamTari gacilebiT civia, vidre
kolxeTis dablobze.

klimatis cvlileba
saqarTveloSi Tanamedrove periodSi mimdinare klimaturi cvlilebebi
Sefasda dakvirvebis faqtobriv monacemebze dayrdnobiT. informacia
warmodgenili iqna klimaturi cvlilebis erovnul SetyobinebaSi (2009 w.).
angariSSi warmodgenili prognozebi efuZneba haeris saSualo temperaturis,
naleqebis saSualo wliuri raodenobisa da datenianebis reJimis
cvlilebis tendenciebis analizs drois or periodSi: 1955-1970 ww. da 1990-
2005 ww. statistikurma analizma cxadyo orive periodSi haeris saSualo
wliuri temperaturis matebis tendencia da naleqebis wliuri raodenobis
matebis tendencia pirveli periodidan (1955-1970 ww.) moyolebuli vidre
meore periodamde (1990-2005 ww.). temperaturisa da naleqebis zrda (namati)
dasavleT saqarTveloSi Sesabamisad, icvleboda 0.2-0.4C da 8-13%
farglebSi, xolo aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi igive maCveneblebi Seadgenda
0.6C da 6%-s. haeris temperaturis absoluturi minimumebisa da absoluturi
49

maqsimumebis cvlilebebmac cxadyo daTbobis tendencia wlis rogorc Tbil,
ise civ periodebSi.
momavalSi klimatis prognozirebis mizniT gamoyenebuli iqna ori
regionaluri modeli. am modelebis Sedegebi dasavleT saqarTveloSi
gviCvenebs haeris saSualo wliuri temperaturis zrdas 3.5C-iT saukunis
bolomde, naleqebis daaxloebiT 6%-iani Tanmdevi SemcirebiT.
temperaturisa da naleqebis es ukucvlilebebi savaraudod, ufro
intensiuri iqneba zafxulSi, rodesac orive tendencia ufro naTlad aris
gamoxatuli, vidre sxva sezonebze.
SRES
5
(emisiebis scenarebis specialuri angariSi) sami sxvadasxva scenaris
Sedegebi
6
, romlebic Seesabameba mcire zrdas (B1), saSualo zrdas (A1B) da
intensiur zrdas (A2), mocemulia suraTze 22 (a: saSualo wliuri; b:
zafxulis saSualo; c: zamTris saSualo). prognozis Tanaxmad, saSualo
wliuri temperaturis mateba gardauvalia Cveni saukunis Sua wlebSi.
saSualo wliuri temperaturis mateba meryeobs 1.5-3.2C farglebSi. amasTan,
temperaturuli mateba zafxulis TveebSi (ivnisi-agvisto) metia zamTarTan
(dekemberi-Tebervali) SedarebiT. unda aRiniSnos, rom am erTian
procentilSi (mag., saSualo), saprognozo mateba yvelaze didia saSualo
zrdis (A1B) emisiebis scenaris SemTxvevaSi, vidre maRali (A2) scenaris
SemTxvevaSi. aRniSnuli ganpirobebulia emisiis sxvadasxva tempebiT zrdis
prognozebiT TiToeuli scenaris mixedviT saukunis pirvel naxevarSi,
rogorc aRniSnuli naCvenebia suraTze 23 da suraTze 24: emisiebi Sua
saukuneSi metia A1B SemTxvevaSi A2Tan SedarebiT, magram zrdis tempi
klebulobs saukunis meore naxevarSi A1B SemTxvevaSi da izrdeba A2
SemTxvevaSi, rac ganapirobebs gacilebiT met emisias A2 SemTxvevaSi 2100
wlisTvis.

5
emisiebis scenarebis specialuri angariSi.
6
. santa klaras universitetma statistikurad Seamcira WCRP CMIP3 klimaturi prognozebi
Climate wizard-is gamoyenebiT (http://www.climatewizard.org/).
50

sur. 21. temperaturis cvlileba saukunis Sua wlebSi (2040-2069 wlebSi 1961-
1990 wlebTan SedarebiT): saSualo wliuri temperatura

1990 wlebTan SedarebiT): zafxulis Tveebi (ivnisi-agvisto)

1990 wlebTan SedarebiT): zamTris Tveebis (dekemberi-Tebervali) saSualo
temperatura

naleqebis saerTo raodenobis saprognozo wliuri da sezonuri
cvlilebebi analogiurad mocemulia suraTze 25 (a: wliuri; b: zafxulis; c:
zamTris). naleqebis cvlilebebis etalonuri prognozebi am SemTxvevaSi
51

bevrad ufro saimedoa, vidre temperaturisa da prognozuli cvlilebebi
meryeobs -14% klebisa da +4% matebis diapazonSi, rac damokidebulia
emisiebis scenarze da saerTo procentilze. umetes SemTxvevaSi
navaraudebia wliuri naleqebis ramdenime procentiT Semcireba.
sezonuri naleqebis cvlilebebis amsaxveli rukebi gviCvenebs, rom
aRniSnuli warmoadgens zamTris TveebSi naleqebis zrdisa da zafxulis
TveebSi naleqebis klebis prognozis saboloo Sedegs. iseve, rogorc
temperaturis SemTxvevaSi, naleqebis yvelaze didi cvlileba navaraudevia
A1B scenaris SemTxvevaSi zemoT miTiTebuli mizezebis gamo. temperaturis
navaraudevi zrdiT gamowveuli naleqebisa da Tovlis gazrdili raodenoba
zamTarSi gazrdis saniaRvre Camonadenisa da datborvis risks.

sur. 24. naleqebis cvlileba saukunis Sua wlebSi (2040-2069 wlebSi 1961-1990
wlebTan SedarebiT): naleqebis saSualo wliuri cvlileba

52

sur. 25. naleqebis cvlileba saukunis Sua wlebSi (2040-2069 wlebSi 1961-1990
wlebTan SedarebiT): naleqebis saSualo cvlileba zafxulis TveebSi
(ivnisi-agvisto)
sezoni gazafxuli zafxuli Semodgoma zamTari wliuri
T, C Q, mm T, C Q, mm T, C Q, mm T, C Q, mm T, C Q, mm
dasavleT
saqarTvelo
(ds)
sawyisi periodi 7.9 281 18.5 348 9.7 391 -2.3 377 9.1 1197
mosalodneli
cvlileba
4.6 -40 5.6 -88 3.4 -53 3.6 104 3.5 -70
prognozi 2100 w. 12.4 241 24.1 260 13 338 1.4 481 12.6 1127
aRmosavleT
saqarTvelo
(as)
sawyisi periodi 9.3 158 20.5 170 11.6 126 1 85 11.3 570
mosalodneli
cvlileba
4.6 -65 5.9 -72 4.1 -45 4.5 -29 4.1 -83
prognozi 2100 w. 13.9 93 26.4 98 15.7 81 5.5 56 15.4 487

sur. 26. temperaturis dinamika sawyisi da cvlileba 2100 wlisTvis
dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi (ds da as)

53

sur. 27. naleqebis dinamika sawyisi da cvlileba 2100 wlisTvis dasavleT
da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi (ds da as)

klimatis cvlilebis Sesaxeb, rogorc nakadze moqmed faqtoris sakiTxs
didi sifrTxiliT unda mivudgeT, radgan wyalze xelmisawvdomlobis
SezRudvam SeiZleba, uaryofiTad imoqmedos erTis mxriv, hidrobiontebsa da
wylis momxmareblebze da meores mxriv, eleqtroenergiis gamomuSavebisTvis
saWiro wyalze xelmisawvdomlobaze. droTa manZilze SeiZleba, saWiro
gaxdes qarxnis operirebis gadaxedva masSi cvlilebis gasaTvaliswineblad.
5.2. geologia da geomorfologia
CvenTvis saintereso ubnis geologiur agebulebaSi monawileoben
andezitebi, bazaltebi, qviSaqvebi da fiqlebi, romlebic gadafarulia
TixnarebiT. auzis 90% dafarulia Sereuli tyiT, romelic 2000 m zemoT
icvleba alpuri mdeloebiT.
qvemoT (sur. 28) mocemulia saproeqto regionis geologiuri ruka.
saproeqto teritoriaze farTodaa gavrcelebuli Sua eocenis vulkanuri
warmonaqmnebi. mocemul etapze ar arsebobs safuZveli, gavakeToT daskvna
Sua eocenis vulkanuri qanebisa da maTi kombinaciebis gavrcelebis myari
modelis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, wyebaSi vulkanuri formaciis klasifikacia
zogadad xdeba liTologiuri Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. qanebis
liTologiuri Taviseburebebis mixedviT, vulkanuri qanebi iyofa sam wyebad:
qveda Sereuli, Sreebrivi tufogenuri wyeba;
Sua tufobreqCiebis wyeba da
zeda traqituli tufebis wyeba.

54

b
E
2
2

Sua eocenis Sua nawili. aWara-
TrialeTis zona: ZiriTadad subtute,
tute da kir-tute bazaltebis, ufro
iSviaTad ki andezitbazaltebis,
andezitebis, delenitebisa da
traqitebis masiuri, sqeelSeebrivi
vulkanuri breqCiebi, tufebi da
lavuri ganfenebi, zogad
tufokonglomeratebi,
olistostromebi, tefro- da qviSaqva-
alevrolituri turbidebi. zeda
nawilSi zogad tufebi, gravelitebi,
tofoqviSebi da mergelebi (Widilas an
dviris wyeba).
a
E
2
2

Sua eocenis qveda nawili. aWara-
TrialeTis zona: ZiriTadad
bazalturi, ufro iSviaTad ki
traqituli Semadgenlobis Sreebrivi
Wreli tufebis, argilitebis,
tufoargilitebis, kirqvebis da
mergelebis morigeoba, iSviaTad
subtute bazalturi, zogan traqituli,
xolo zeda nawilSi delenituri
ganfenebiT (likanis da qvabisxevis
wyeba).
E
1
+E
2
paleocenuri da eocenuri. saqarTvelos belti da gagra-javis zona: zRvis marCxi
kirqvebi (pelitomorfuli, kristaluri, breqCiuli, liToTamniumebiani), rqatyuara-
biotitiani da andezituri tufebis iSviaTi SuaSreebiT.
vE
22
Sua eocenis gabro-piroqseniti, gabroebi, gabro-dioritebi, dioritebi, kvarc-
dioriti.
sur. 28. saqarTvelos geologiuri rukis fragmenti da pirobiTi niSnebi

aWara-imereTis qedis ukiduresi CrdiloeTiT SiSvldeba Wreli Sreebrivi
qveda tufogenuri wyeba, romelic ar iWreba samuSao zonaSi da amdenad, mis
aRweras Tavi avarideT.
Sua tufobreqCiis wyeba farTodaa gavrcelebuli sakvlev ubanze. igi agebs
sinklinis ferdobsa da antiklinis kompozitur nawils. md. xaniswylis Sua
dinebisa da md. wablariswylis Sua da qveda dinebis kalapotebi, aseve,
md.md. skurdulas, kuratasa da kerSaveTis Sua da qvemo dinebis ubnebi
agebulia am wyenis qanebiT. wyeba agebulia masobrivi lavis, lava-breqCiebis,
tufobreqCiebis msxvilnatexovani qanebis msxvili dastebiT Sreebrivi
tufogenebiT da andezituri bazaltisa da porfiritebis nafenebiT.
Sreebrivi tufobreqCiebi, tufebi da tufo-qviSaqvebi mniSvnelovan adgils
ikaveben wyebis SemadgenlobaSi. mdinaris xeobaSi da wyalgamyofze zogierT
adgilze SiSvldeba calkeuli dastebi msxvilnatexovani tufogenebisa da
bazalt-porfiritis nafenebis morigeobiT. aseTi calkeuli dastis sisqe
(simZlavre) meryeobs 90-30 sm farglebSi, xolo nafenebis calkeuli Sreebis
sisqe tolia 5-8 metris.
wyebis zeda nawili warmodgenilia mkvrivi nacrisferi tufogenuri qanebiT
Sreebrivi tufogenebis (tufebis, tufo-qviSaqvebis) dastebiT. wyebis am
nawilis Ziri rukaze naCvenebia wyvetili xaziT. tufobreqCiis Sua wyebis
55

saerTo simZlavre aWara-imereTis qedis CrdiloeT ferdobis CrdiloeT
periferiaze aRwevs 1400 metrs.
traqituli tufebis zeda wyeba TanxmobiT faravs Sua eocenis Sua wyebis
qanebs da agebs sinklinuri naoWebis ferdobs. wyeba zogadad
warmodgenilia masiuri tufebis, lavebisa da traqitebis Semadgenlobis
lava-breqCiebiT Sreebrivi tufogenebis iSviaTi dastebiT. am wyebebis Tavze
zogierT adgilze daikvirveba Sreebrivi (simZlavriT 15 sm-mde) brtyeli
alevrolitebi. mocemuli wyebis qanebi ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia samuSao
ubnis samxreT nawilSi da moicavs teritorias, romelic moqceulia sof.
kakasxidsa md. wablariswylis marjvena Senakadis, md. sakalmaxisReles
xeobas Soris. isini SiSvldeba md.md. skurdulasa da qurTas saTaveebSi.
meoTxeuli wyeba sustad aris ganviTarebuli da ZiriTadad warmodgenilia
aluviuri da deluviur-proluviuri nafenebiT. aluviuri nafenebi sakvlev
teritoriaze ZiriTadad gvxvdeba mdinaris xeobis gaswvriv, romelsac aqvs
SedarebiT kargad gamomuSavebuli profili. md. xaniswylis Walis aluvioni
warmodgenilia kenWnariT qviSisa da Tixnaris CanarTebiT. naleqebis
simZlavre meryeobs 2-4 m farglebSi. Waliszeda terasebi md. xaniswylis
gaswvriv eCexeba calkeul naleqebs sof. alis-imereTis midamoebSi. terasis
naleqebi warmodgenilia konglomeratebiTa da qviSa-Tixnarovani cementiT.
simZlavre meryeobs 1-3 m farglebSi.
mdinaris xeobis qveda nawilSi wablariswylis Walis natans aqvs igive
Semadgenloba da analogiuria zemoT aRwerilisa.
deluviur-proluviuri naleqebi zogan gvxvdeba calkeuli danaoWebuli
ganStoebebis ZirSi, sadac maTi simZlavre meryeobs 2-5 m farglebSi, xolo
masala warmodgenilia sxvadasxva qanebis nasxvrevebiTa da natexebiT.
teqtonikuri TvalsazrisiT, sakvlevi teritoria miekuTvneba aWara-
TrialeTis sistemis CrdiloeT raions da faravs centralur qve-zonas.
sakvlev teritoriaze ganviTarebuli danaoWebuli dislokaciidan
gamoiyofa Semdegi:
wyalTaSuas sinklini mdebareobs teritoriis CrdiloeT nawilSi da
aqvs subganeduri mimarTuleba. igi xasiaTdeba simetriuli
struqturiT ferdobebis daxris 20-30-iani kuTxeebiT;
gurtinis antiklini mdebareobs zemoT aRwerili sinklinis samxreTiT
da gadaWimulia kinkileTidan samxreT-aRmosavleTiT, md.
wablariswylis Sua dinebisken. misi naoWebi simetriuli formisaa,
ferdobebis daxris 10-20-iani kuTxeebiT;
kakasxidis sinklini mdebareobs samxreTiT, zemoT aRwerili
antiklinis paralelurad. misi naoWebi asimetriuli formisaa. misi
CrdiloeT ferdi eSveba 10-20-iani kuTxiT, xolo samxreT ferdobis
daxris kuTxea 70-80.
zemoxsenebuli naoWebis struqturaSi zedapirze monawileoben Sua eocenis
da nawilobriv zeda wyebis vulkanuri qanebi. sakvlev teritoriaze
teqtonikuri rRvevebi ar fiqsirdeba.
geologiuri kvlevebi Caatara kompaniam Black & Veatch S.A. 2011 wels
proeqtis winaswari teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebis momzadebis mizniT.
imis gamo, rom kompania Black & Veatch S.A.-is winaswari teqnikur-ekonomikuri
dasabuTeba exeba mxolod meore qve-blokSi Semaval gvirabebs, daproeqtebis
56

etapze mocemuli teritoriis detaluri geologiuri monacemebis
Segrovebis mizniT Catarda saproeqto teritoriis detaluri geologiuri
kvlevebi. geologiuri kartireba moaxdina stegetis gundma 2012 wlis mais-
ivlisis periodSi, xolo geofizikuri kvlevebi da burRviTi samuSaoebi
Sesrulda 2012 wlis ivlis-agvistos TveebSi. agegmvaSi Sedioda:
1:5000 geologiuri/geomorfologiuri kartireba sadawneo milsadenisa
da sadawneo gvirabis gaswvriv;
1:1000 geologiuri/geomorfologiuri kartireba kaSxlis,
eleqtrosadgurisa da gvirabis portalis ubnebze;
LandsaTM gamosaxulebebis moxazulobis/konturebis interpretireba;
geomorfologiuri interpretireba aerofotoebiT (maTi arsebobis
SemTxvevaSi);
seismuri kvleva kaSxlis, eleqtrosadgurisa da sxva saproeqto
ubnebze;
burRva portalebis ubnebze, qanebis (zedapirulis da ZiriTadis)
nimuSebis aReba.

xsenebuli kvlevebis Tanaxmad, wyalmimRebis zona warmodgenilia vulkanur-
danaleqi rigiT, romelic udabnos samxreTidan CrdiloeTiT Sedgeba
kartirebis samuSaoebis dros gamovlenili Semdegi fenebisgan:

rqatyuara-biotitiani bazaltis Semcveli wvril- da saSualo-
natexovani tufebi; fenis sisqe 12 m;
biotitiani traqitis Semcveli TxelSreebrivi, wvrilnatexovani pemzis
tufebi, zoliani mergelovani tufitebi da wvril- da saSualo-
natexovani Sereuli Semadgenlobis tufebi; fenis sisqe 75 m;
TxelSreebrivi, saSualonatexovani Sereuli Semadgenlobis
mergelovani tufitebi; horizontalur WrilSi fenis sisqe Seadgens 52
m-s;
Zlier gamofituli masiuri mikrotufobreqCiebi da wvrilnatexovani,
Sereuli Semadgenlobis vulkanuri breqCiebi; horizontalur WrilSi
fenis sisqe Seadgens 38 m-s;
msxvilSreebrivi da msxvilnatexovani olivinuri bazalturi tufebi
piroqsinis kristalebis didi zomis natexebiT; zog ubanze natexebis
zoma mkveTrad izrdeba da qans aqvs mikrobreqCiis forma; fenis sisqe
12 m;
msxvilSreebrivi, saSualo- da msxvil-natexovani tufebi da
olivinuri bazaltis masiuri volkanuri breqCiebis monacvleoba;
fenis sisqe 32 m;
masiuri kldovani vulkanuri breqCiebi da msxvil-natexovani
olivinuri bazaltis Semcveli tufebi; fenis sisqe 15 m;
sqeli erTgvarovani vulkanuri breqCiebi bazalturi Semcvelobis
klastebiT; fenis sisqe aWarbebs 300 m-s.
amgvarad, kvleva cxadyofs ubanze vulkanoklasturidan danaleqamde
Semadgenlobis rigis arsebobas, romelic cnobilia Sua eocenis Wedilas
wyebis saxeliT, romlis fenebi ZiriTadad Sedgeba xSir SemTxvevaSi
meoradad danaleqi bazalturi vulkanitebiT. geoTermuli WaburRilebis
57

stratigrafiuli mimdevroba faqtiurad, adasturebs aRniSnul
stratigrafiul struqturas:
0,0-16,0 - aluviuri da meoTxeuli asakis kaWar-riynarovani naleqebi;
16,0-33,0 masiuri bazaltis Semcvelobis vulkanuri breqCiebi;
33,0-98,8 rqatyuara bazaltis Semcvelobis, saSualonatexovani,
sqelSreebrivi tufebi;
98,8-169,0 - rqatyuara-biotitiani bazaltis Semcvelobis msxvil- da
saSualo-natexovani tufebi da mikrofutobreqCiebi;
169,0-208,1 olivinuri biotitiani bazaltis kldovani, masiuri lava
beqCiebi;
208,1-400,0 bazaltis Semcvelobis msxvil- da saSualo-natexovani
masiuri da msxvilSreebrivi tufebisa da mikrofutobreqCiebis
monacvleoba.

5.2.1. liTologiuri agebuleba
winameoTxeuli fundamenti. qvemodan zemoT liTologiurad gamoiyofa
Semdegi qve-jgufebi (yvela maTgani ekuTvnis
b
E
2
2
jgufs):
1. tufebi;
2. Sreebrivi vulkanoklastitebi;
3. Sreebrivi vulkanoklastitebi da vulkanitebi;
4. porfirituli bazaltebi da andezitebi;
5. vulkanoklasturi breqCiebi.

qanebis 1-4 tipebi warmoadgens mimdevrobis nawils, romelsac
moixseniebdnen, rogorc ZiriTad qanebs, xolo qanis me-5 tipi warmoadgens
zeda fenas. tufebi (1) SiSvldeba kartirebuli ubnis mxolod ukidures
CrdiloeT nawilSi, magram aseve, vrceldeba sakvlevi zonis farglebs
gareTac da vrceldeba wyalmimRebis zemoT, sairmes mimarTulebiT. es qanebi
mxolod mcired aris daSrevebuli da ZiriTadad Sedgeba masiuri
erTeulidan ramdenime metramde sisqis Ria nacrisferi Semcxvari fenebiT,
wvrilmarcvlovani futebiT, romlebic qmnian cicabo, sustad danawevrebul
ferdobebs da mcire borcvebs. am erTgvarovan vulkanoklastitebs
adgilobrivad aqvs iSviaTi, wvrilmarcvlovani (alevrituli) mowiTalo
fenebis SuaSreebi, romelTa sisqec meryeobs ramdenime erTeulidan aTeul
santimetramde an saSualo-(fxvieri) da wvrilmarcvlovani (alevrituli)
momwvanodan monacrisfro Seferilobis fenebis SuaSreebi. im ubnebze, sadac
gvxvdeba vulkanoklasturidan epiklasturamde warmoSobis aseTi fenebis
monacvleoba, tufebis rigi Zalzed emsgavseba daSrevebuli vulkanitebis
serias (2 da 3). meores mxriv, kontaqti tufebsa da daSrevebul vulkanitebs
Soris aris gardamavali da warmodgenilia tufebSi TandaTanobiT mzardi
SuafenebiT. am mimdevrobis tufebi da sxva fenebi aris yovelTvis Semcxvari
da mkvrivi, magram SedarebiT advilad imtvreva CaquCiT.
me-2 tipis Sreebrivi vulkanoklastitebi SiSvldeba sakvlevi teritoriis
samxreT nawilSi, udabnos mezobel midamoebSi. es qanebi xasiaTdeba
ramdenime decimetridan ramdenime metris sisqis fenobriobiT, rac rogorc
wesi, naTlad Cans. mocemuli qanebi warmodgenilia tufebiT,
58

vulkanoklasturi breqCiebiTa da alevrituli fenebiT. tufebi xSirad imave
tipisaa, rogorc zemoT aRwerili 1-li jgufis SemTxvevaSi; aris
nacrisferi Seferilobis, wvrilmarcvlovani da mcired daSrevebuli, rac
xSirad arc Tu aSkarad aris gamoxatuli. miuxedavad amisa, zogjer
gvxvdeba tufis fenebi Ria yavisferidan mowiTalo Seferilobamde iq, sadac
piroqsenebis Savi kristalebi CarTulia pemzis dedaqanSi. es fenebi
SedarebiT nakleb myaria, vidre cisferi Seferilobis fenebi.
vulkanoklasturi breqCiebis fenebi ganfenilia dedaqanze, vulkanuri
warmoSobisa da savaraudod, bazalturidan andezituramde Semadgenlobis
muqi nacrisferi klastebiT. klastebis zomebi meryeobs ramdenime
santimetridan ramdenime decimetramde. dedaqani Ria nacrisferia da aris
tufogenuri struqturis, ris gamoc Zalzed waagavs masalas, romlisganac
agebulia tufis fenebi. wina fenebs SuaSreebiT ukavSirdeba sxva doneebi,
romlebic xasiaTdeba Zlieri wvrilmarcvlovnebiT da aSkara ramdenime
milimetridan ramdenime santimetramde zomis SreobriobiT; es fenebi
xasiaTdeba alevrituli an fxvieri SesaxedaobiT.
me-3 tipis Sreebrivi vulkanitebi da da vulkanoklastitebi qanis wina
tipisgan zogadad ufro Zlier daSrevebiT, fenebis mcire sisqiTa da
fenebis porfirituli SesaxedaobiT gansxvavdeba. isini SeiZleba,
warmoadgendes me-2 tipis Sreebrivi vulkanoklastitebis irib saxesxvaobas,
romlebic SiSvldeba ufro CrdiloeTiT. am qanebs gaaCnia erTeulidan
ramdenime santimetramde Sreobrioba, razec miuTiTebs SuaSreebis saxiT
CarTuli, savaraudod, bazaltis Semcvelobis muqi feris masiuri
vulkanitebi, muqidan Ria nacrisferamde Seferili tufituri vulkanitebi
da mowiTalodan momwvano Seferilobamde alevrituli Sesaxedaobis
Zalzed wvrilmarcvlovani fenebi.
vulkanituri fenebis progresulad mateba iwvevs Sreebrivi vulkanitebisa
da vulkanoklastitebis TandaTanobiT gadasvlas porfirituli
bazaltebisa da andezitebis (4) qanis tipSi. es qanebi xasiaTdeba uxeSi
SreobriobiT, romelic farTod gavrcelebulia mxolod adgilobrivad.
isini Cveulebisamebr, Sedgeba muqi Seferilobis porfirituli
vulkanitebis dominanturi fenebisgan, romlebSic SuaSreebis saxiT
CarTulia ramdenime decimetridan ramdenime metramde sisqis Semcxvari
tufebi.
zemoT aRwerili yvela qani, romlebic warmoadgens ubanze gaSiSvlebuli
vulkanogenuri rigis ZiriTad nawils, gadafarulia vulkanoklasturi
breqCiebis (5) sqeli rigiT. am qanebs gaaCnia dedaqanisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
struqtura kldovani, TiTqmis momrgvalebulidan dakuTxulamde formis
klastebiT. klastebi monoliTologiuria, Sedgeba muqi nacrisferi
mikrokristaluri vulkanuri qanebisgan. dedaqani aris wvrilmarcvlovani,
Ria nacrisferi da tufogenuri Sesaxedaobis da aris savaraudod, pemzuri
warmoSobis. es vulkanoklasturi qanebi aris Semcxvari da magari, magram
CaquCiT SeadrebiT advilad imsxvreva.
vulkanogenuri rigis mTels ZiriTad nawilSi (mag., 1-4 tipis qanebi)
daikvirveba intruziuli daikebi, romlebic Sedgeba masiuri
saSualomarcvlovani, savaraudod gabrodiorituli Semadgenlobis
kristaluri qanebisgan, romlebic xasiaTdeba masiuri SesaxedaobiT,
59

Sreobriobis gareSe, momwvanodan monacrisfro Seferilobamde gardaqmnil
zedapirze da moSavo feriT Seucvlel zedapirze. mxolod savele da xelT
arsebuli nimuSebis dakvirvebis safuZvelze imis daskvna, rom maT
faqtiurad aqvT gabriulidan dioritulamde Semadgenloba, saeWvoa.
nebismier SemTxvevaSi analogiuri Semadgenlobis intruziuli qanebi
literaturuli wyaroebis mixedviT, mocemul ubanze fiqsirdeba. daikebis
sisqe rogorc wesi, erTidan ramdenime metramde icvleba. miuxedavad amisa,
savaraudod, daikebis ZiriTadi masa Tavmoyrilia rukaze datanili
teritoriis CrdiloeT nawilSi (ST19 mzomi sadguris maxloblobaSi). es
masa SesaZloa, ramdenime aTeuli metris sisqis iyos. daikebis kedlebze
rogorc wesi, moqmedebs reaqtivacia, rogorc mcire rRvevis zedapirebze da
amdenad, isini SeiZleba, xasiaTdebodes mcire kataklasturi fenebiT an
ufro didi napralovnebiT qanuri masis sxva nawilebTan SedarebiT.
vulkanoklasturi breqCiebis wyebaSi daikebi ar daikvirveba, Tumca, maTi
arseboba gamoricxuli ar aris.
genetikuri TvalsazrisiT, qanebis vulkanogenuri mimdevroba, romelic
zemoT aris aRwerili, SeiZleba, davaxasiaToT, rogorc Sereuli
piroklasturi nakadis, piroklasturi ferflis wvimisa da epiklasturi
procesebis Sedegi. ritmuli Sreobrioba, romelic daikvirveba zogierT
gamovlenil stratigrafiul erTeulSi da gansakuTrebiT, daSrevebuli
vulkanitebisa da vulkanoklastitebis jgufSi (3) savaraudod, miuTiTebs
mimdevrobis ZiriTadi nawilis turbidur warmoSobaze.

meoTxeuli naleqebi. wablaris xeobaSi meoTxeuli qanebis seriis yvelaze
gavrcelebuli tipi warmodgenilia sxvadasxva asakis aluviuri naleqebiT,
romlebic vrceldeba xeobis cicabo ferdobebis mTels sigrZeze, nebismier
simaRleze da sxvadasxva adgilze.
ZiriTadad isini dedaqanzea ganfenili, adgilobrivi klasifkaciiTki
gaaCniaT klasturi sagebi fena da ZiriTadad Sedgeba momrgvalebulidan
TiTqmis momrgvalebulamde formis, erTidan ramdenime aTeuli santimetris,
dominanturi masiuri vulkanuri qanebis klastebisgan RorRovanidan
qviSianamde struqturis dedaqanebSi. klastebis zoma adgilobrivad Zalzed
msxvilia da SeiZleba, Segvxvdes erTidan ramdenime metris zomis lodebi.
xeobis ferdobebis gaswvriv arsebul aluviur naleqebze rogorc wesi,
gavlenas axdens pedogenezi, xolo xeobis fskerze arsebuli SedarebiT
axalgazrda naleqebis SemTxvevaSi, pedogenezi an ar arsebobs, an Zalzed
sustad aris gamoxatuli.
patara sofel udabnos odnav qvemoT, xeobis marjvena mxares gvxvdeba
garkveuli raodenobis Camonazvavi naleqebi, romlebic aris klasturi
naleqebi, romlebic Sedgeba kuTxovani, erTidan ramdenime aTeul metramde
zomis lodebisgan qvemoT mdebare RorRovanidan qviSiani Semadgenlobis
dedaqanSi, romelic zog adgilas ar aris warmodgenili, ra SemTxvevaSic
ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia sicarieleebi (jibeebi).
da bolos, xeobis frTebze mcire sisqis ferdobuli danaleqi qani xSirad
ganfenilia gaSiSvlebul fundamentze. igi Sedgeba kuTxovani, erTidan
ramdenime aTeuli santimetris zomis, masiuri vulkanitebis klastebisgan
60

RorRovanidan alevritulamde struqturis dedaqanSi. simZlavre meryeobs 2-
3 m farglebSi.
5.2.2. ZiriTadi sainJinro samuSaoebi
saderivacio gvirabi da sadawneo milsadeni
pk 0+000 gvirabis CrdiloeT portali
geologia mocemul monakveTze ewyoba TxrilSi daRrmavebuli
sadawneo milsadeni. sadawneo milsadenis Txrilis
amoReba moxdeba aluviur naleqebSi, romlebic xSir
SemTxvevaSi Seicavs ramdenimemetrian lodebs. naleqebis
sisqe TiTqmis yovelTvis ramdenime erTeuli metria, 10
metramde. amdenad, winameoTxeul qveda Sremde Casvla
eqskavaciisas ar moxdeba. wablaris gadasasvlelTan
dakavSirebuli xidis zonaSi (ubani gvirabis portals
zemoT) aluviuri naleqebis simZlavre SeiZleba, Semcirdes
ramdenime metramde da am gziT moxdes winameoTxeul qveda
Sremde miRweva.
geoteqnika mocemuli monakveTis geoteqnikuri Tvisebebi
damakmayofilebelia. wvrilmarcvlovani alevrituli da
fiqlovani wvrilmarcvlovani naleqebis arseboba
mosalodneli ar aris.
hidrogeologia aluviur naleqebSi cxadia, mosalodnelia aqtiuri
hidrogeologiuri nakaduri sistemis arseboba. miuxedavad
amisa, mosalodneli siRrme gruntis wylebamde 2 m-ze
metia sadawneo milsadenis gaswvriv imis gamo, rom
nakaduri sistema wonasworobaSia md. wablarTan da
mdinare CaWrilia 4-6 metriT aluviuri naleqebis
terasasTan mimarTebaSi.
gvirabis CrdiloeT portali pk 0+450
geologia gvirabis CrdiloeT portali gadafarulia ferdobuli
qanis namsxvrevebiT, magram savaraudod, samTo masivi
ganlagebulia SedarebiT nakleb siRrmeze (ramdenime metr
siRrmeze). gvirabis gayvanis dawyebamde qanis nasxvrevebis
safari unda moixsnas, an alternatiulad, saWiroa
gvirabis Sesabamisad armirebuli sayrdeni nawilis
mowyoba. mocemul monakveTze mosalodneli qanis tipebia
Sreebrivi vulkanoklastitebi, romlebic cicabod eSveba
Crdilo-Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT. amdenad, gvirabs, romelic
unda gavides Crdilo-aRmosavleT samxreT-dasavleTis
mimarTulebiT, araxelsayreli orientacia (mimarTuleba)
aqvs qanebis SreobriobasTan mimarTebaSi, radgan igi
Sreebis TiTqmis paraleluria. mocemul nawilSi
arsebuli WaburRili savaraudod, amtkicebs, rom samTo
masivi xasiaTdeba ramdenime rRveviT, ramac gazarda
danapralebis simWidrove. qanebis maxasiaTeblebi
araxelsayrelia. rRvevebis mdebareoba gaurkvevelia imis
gamo, rom isini kargad ar SiSvldeba zedapirze.
61

savaraudod, monacvleoba da samTo masivis daZabulobis
relaqsaciac auaresebs isedac araxelsayrel geologiur
pirobebs.
geoteqnika mocemul monakveTze dafiqsirebuli samTo masivis
anomaluri danapralebis simWidrove adasturebs, rom
geomeqanikuri pirobebi araxelsayreli iqneba. samTo
qanebis klasifikaciis (MRM) klasia IV, romelic adgilze
icvleba III da V klasiT.
hidrogeologia nakadebis sistemebis arseboba mosalodneli ar aris.
mosalodnelia mxolod adgilobrivi daZirva.
pk 0+450 pk 1+280
geologia ferdobis monakveTze gadasvlasTan erTad geologiuri
pirobebi savaraudod, ufro xelsayreli iqneba samTo
masivis gamofitvis progresulad Semcirebisa da arc Tu
Rrma topografiuli safaris wnevis relaqsaciis efeqtis
gamo. savaraudod, fundamenti gvirabis mocemuli
monakveTis mTels sigrZeze warmodgenilia Sreebrivi
vulkanoklastitebiT, romlebic cicabod eSveba Crdilo-
Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT. amdenad, Sreobriobis mimarTuleba
gvirabis RerZTan mimarTebaSi am SemTxvevaSic
araxelsayrelia, radgan es ori elementi TiTqmis
urTierTparaleluria.
geoteqnika samTo masivis pirobebi xelsayreli unda iyos monakveTis
did nawilze (III MRM klasi). miuxedavad amisa, SeiZleba
vivaraudoT, rom sadac topografiuli safari mcirdeba
50-70 m-mde, geomeqanikuri pirobebi SeiZleba gauaresdes
samTo masivis meteoruli cvlilebisa da wnevis
relaqsaciis zrdis gamo. amdenad, MRM IV klasamde
Semcireba navaraudevia pk 0+450 0+585 da pk 0-880 1+060
monakveTebze. gvirabis kedlebis Rrma eqskavacia SeiZleba,
miCneul iqnas savaraudo problemad gvirabis RerZis
TiTqmis paralelurad ganlagebuli cicabod daxrili
Sreebis gamo. savaraudod, gvirabis yvelaze arastabilur
nawils warmoadgens misi Crdilo-aRmosavleT kedeli,
sadac SeiZleba, adgili hqondes qanebis CamoSlas.
hidrogeologia gvirabis mocemul monakveTze nakadebis sistemis arseboba
mosalodneli ar aris. miuxedavad amisa, gvirabis
gayvanisas ar aris gamoricxuli wyalgajerebul samTo
masivSi gavla. aseT pirobebSi mosalodnelia, rom tufebis
zogierTma fenam mcire zomis adgilobrivi wyalsacavis
funqcia Seasrulos adgilze danapralebis simWidrovis
mosalodneli zrdis gamo. am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba,
adgili hqondes droebiT, koncentrirebul sporadul
wyalgamovlinebas. aseTi gamovlinebebi swrafad daiklebs,
radgan hidrogeologiurad aqtiuri fenebis hidravlikuri
kavSiri Zalzed sustia imis gamo, rom isini SuaSreebis
saxiT ganlagebulia naklebad wyalSemRwev alevritul
62

fenebs Soris da realuri wyalSemcveli fenis
ararsebobis gamoc. Tumca, wylis swraf adgilobriv
Semodinebas SeiZleba, mohyves wvrilmarcvlovani masalis
dagroveba.
pk 1+280 pk 2+340
geologia mocemul ubanze gvirabis eqskavacia moxdeba
vulkanoklastur breqCiebSi. rRvevis zonebis arseboba
mosalodneli ar aris. savaraudod, qans unda hqondes
erTgvarovani da psevdo-izotropuli maxasiaTeblebi,
xolo Sreobrioba uxeSi da mxolod sporadulad xiluli
unda iyos. mocemul monakveTze Sreobrioba TandaTanobiT
ixreba Crdilo-Crdilo-dasavleT cicabo daxrilobidan
aRmosavleT-Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT zomieri
daxrilobisken, xolo lokalurad TiTqmis
horizontaluria.
geoteqnika savaraudoa, rom samTo masivis pirobebi gvirabis mTels
monakveTze iqneba xelsayreli da ganekuTvneba RMR II
klass. gvirabis gadaxurvis iSviaT adgilobriv
arastabilurobas SeiZleba, adgili hqondes TiTqmis
horizontaluri Sreobriobis mqone nawilSi (CrdiloeT
seqtorSi) daSrevebis zedapiris gaswvriv sporaduli
stratifragiuli anizotropiebis gamo.
hidrogeologia vulkanoklasturi beqCiebis danapralebis mcire
simWidrovis gamo SeiZleba, vivaraudoT, rom mocemul
seqtorSi nakadebis aqtiuri sistema ar arsebobs. Tumca,
Txris samuSaoebi mainc iwarmoebs wyalgajerebis
pirobebSi, magram mosalodnelia wylis mxolod wveTva
(cvalebad da stabilur reJimSi).
pk 2+340 pk 3+360
geologia gvirabis mocemul monakveTze mosalodnelia
porfirituli bazaltebisa da andezitebis arseboba.
tufebis fenebis SuaSreebi mcire raodenobiT SeiZleba,
Segvxvdes adgilobrivad, rac ganapirobebs qanis
umniSvnelo anizotropias. Sreobrioba aqac TiTqmis
horizontaluria an eSveba mcire kuTxiT aRmosavleT-
Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT. rRvevebi mosalodneli ar aris,
magram danapralebis saSualo simWidrove kvlavac
SedarebiT maRalia.
geoteqnika samTo masivis saSualo pirobebi mocemul monakveTze
sakmaod xelsayrelia da ZiriTad miekuTvneba RMR III
klass. gvirabis gadaxurvis adgilobriv arastabilurobas
SeiZleba, adgili hqondes daSrevebis zedapirebis gaswvriv
sporaduli stratigrafiuli anizotropiebisa da TiTqmis
horizontaluri fenebis arsebobis gamo.
hidrogeologia porfirituli bazaltebi da andezitebi warmoadgens
hidrogeologiur kompleqss, romelic xasiaTdeba zomieri
hidravlikuri gamtarobiT da romelTa SemTxvevaSic
63

napralovnebis sistemebTan SesaZloa, garkveuli kavSiri
arsebobdes. amdenad, igi SesaZlo gawylovanebul fenas
warmoadgens. mosalodnelia, rom mocemul kompleqsSi
gvirabis eqskavaciisas adgili eqneba wyalgamovlinebas.
napralovnebis savaraudo, SedarebiT erTgvarovani
simWidrovis gamo savaraudoa, rom wyali ki ar
dagrovdeba, aramed gaifanteba da gadaadgildeba gvirabis
portalis mimdebared yoveli afeTqebisas. xangrZlivi,
myari Semodineba savaraudod, mcire iqneba imis gamo, rom
SedarebiT wyalSeRwevadi qanis mocemuli kompleqsi
izolirebulia zemodan da qvemodan naklebad
wyalSeRwevadi fenebiT.
pk 3+360 pk 3+400
geologia gvirabma unda gadakveTos rRveva samTo masivis seqtorSi,
sadac sawyisi, deformirebuli qani warmodgenilia
porfirituli bazaltebiTa da andezitebiT. miuxedavad
amisa, deformaciis zonaSi ar aris gamoricxuli
Sreebrivi vulkanitebisa da vulkanoklastitebis arseboba
imis gamo, rom am qanebis liTologiuri zRvari Zalian
uaxlovdeba gvirabis sagebi qanis imave maCvenebels.
amdenad, mosalodnelia, rom mocemul ubanze samTo
masivisTvis damaxasiaTebeli iqneba TiTqmis vertikaluri,
axlo-axlo mdebare Zvris zedapirebi da ganSrevebebi.
aseve, mosalodnelia fxvieri masalis (teqtonikuri
breqCiebisa da ZarRviani Tixebis) ramdenime decimetridan
metramde sisqis fenebis arseboba. mocemul monakveTze
gvirabis marSruti Cascdeba wablaris nakadis gverdiTi
Senakadis viwro xeobas. amis gamo topografiuli safari
mcirea da udris 35-40 m-s. aRniSnuli mdgomareobis gamo
SeiZleba, gaCndes imis safrTxe, rom gvirabis
eqskavaciisas gadaikveTos meoTxeul aluviur naleqebs
Soris arsebuli faruli SekavSirebebi, Tavze da rRvevis
sagebi qanebi. amgvari viTareba savaraudod, seriozul
problemebs Seqmnis eqskavaciis samuSaoebis warmoebisas,
rogoricaa magaliTad, gadaxurvis CamoSla gamwovi
milebis gaxsnisas. amis gamo Catarda gverdiTi Senakadis
viwro xeobis specialuri seismuri kvlevebi gardatexili
talRebis meTodiT. aluviuri naleqebis sisqe Zalzed
mcire unda iyos, daaxloebiT 2-4 m (fena 1 kveTebSi).
aluviuri naleqebis qvemoT arsebuli SedarebiT nakleb
aqtiuri meore fena savarudod, warmoadgens Secvlil
kristalur safuZvels. meore fenis qveda zRvari
mdebareobs 8-18 m siRrmeze. amis gamo meoTxeuli aluviuri
naleqebis sagebi qanis gadakveTa ar moxdeba samuSaoebis
warmoebisas da gvirabi gaivlis SedarebiT gamoufitav
(Tundac, darRveul) samTo masivSi.
geoteqnika rRvevis zonis mimarTuleba xelsayrelia, radgan igi
64

miemarTeba gvirabis RerZis TiTqmis perpendikularulad.
miuxedavad amisa, geomeqanikuri pirobebi iqneba uaRresad
araxelsayreli da Seesabameba RMR IV klass. maSinac ki,
Tu seismuri kvlevebiT dadasturda, rom meoTxeul
naleqebTan Sexeba ar aris mosalodneli eqskavaciis
dros, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom sagebi qanebi xasiaTdeba
Zalian dabali meqanikuri TvisebebiT da gadaxurvis
Camoqceva ar aris gamoricxuli, Tu ar iqna gamoyenebuli
Sesaferisi sayrdenebi da eqskavaciis meTodebi. aRniSnuli
safrTxe kidev ufro aSkaraa, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom
rRvevis zona ukavSirdeba wylis SesaZlo modinebas.
hidrogeologia wylis SedarebiT maRali da gafantuli modineba
mosalodnelia gvirabis kveTSi Crdilo-Crdilo-dasavleT
samxreT-samxreT-aRmosavleT (NNW-SSE) rRvevis gaswvriv
hidrogeologiuri nakadis sistemis SesaZlo arsebobis
gamo. aRniSnuli sistema SeiZleba, ikvebebodes gvirabis
samxreT-samxreT-aRmosavleTiT mdebare vrceli
ferdobidan. garda amisa, mosalodnelia wylis stabiluri
modineba gvirabis eqskavaciidan garkveuli drois Semdeg,
radgan rRveva savaraudod, urTierTkavSirSia mimdebare
samTo masivTan, saidanac mas miewodeba gruntis wylis
nakadebi.
pk 3+400 pk 3+550
geologia gvirabis mocemul monakveTze mosalodnelia
porfirituli bazaltebisa da andezitebis arseboba.
tufebis fenebis SuaSreebi mcire raodenobiT SeiZleba,
Segvxvdes adgilobrivad, rac ganapirobebs qanis
umniSvnelo anizotropias. Sreobrioba aqac TiTqmis
horizontaluria an eSveba mcire kuTxiT aRmosavleT-
Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT. rRvevebi mosalodneli ar aris,
magram danapralebis saSualo simWidrove kvlavac
SedarebiT maRalia.
geoteqnika samTo masivis saSualo pirobebi mocemul monakveTze
sakmaod xelsayrelia da ZiriTad miekuTvneba RMR III
klass. gvirabis gadaxurvis adgilobriv arastabilurobas
SeiZleba, adgili hqondes daSrevebis zedapirebis gaswvriv
sporaduli stratigrafiuli anizotropiebisa da TiTqmis
horizontaluri fenebis arsebobis gamo.
hidrogeologia porfirituli bazaltebi da andezitebi warmoadgens
hidrogeologiur kompleqss, romelic xasiaTdeba zomieri
hidravlikuri gamtarobiT da romelTa SemTxvevaSic
napralovnebis sistemebTan SesaZloa, garkveuli kavSiri
arsebobdes. amdenad, igi SesaZlo gawylovanebul fenas
warmoadgens. mosalodnelia, rom mocemul kompleqsSi
gvirabis eqskavaciisas adgili eqneba wyalgamovlinebas.
napralovnebis savaraudo, SedarebiT erTgvarovani
simWidrovis gamo savaraudoa, rom wyali ki ar
65

dagrovdeba, aramed gaifanteba da gadaadgildeba gvirabis
portalis mimdebared yoveli afeTqebisas. xangrZlivi,
myari Semodineba savaraudod, mcire iqneba imis gamo, rom
SedarebiT wyalSeRwevadi qanis mocemuli kompleqsi
izolirebulia zemodan da qvemodan naklebad
wyalSeRwevadi fenebiT.
pk 3+550 pk 4+570
geologia mocemul ubanze geologiuri pirobebi araerTgvarovania,
rac gamowveulia rogorc liTostratigrafiuli, ise
konstruqciuli pirobebiT. stratigrafiuli
TvalsazrisiT, fiqsirdeba Sreebrivi vulkanitebis da
vulkanoklastitebis rigi. amdenad, mosalodnelia qanis
sisqis erTeulidan ramdenime metramde cvlilebebi.
daSreveba iqneba TiTqmis horizontaluri an eSveba mcire
kuTxiT samxreT-samxreT-dasavleTis mimarTulebiT. sazomi
jaWviT gazomil daaxloebiT 3+775 m manZilze saWiro
gaxdeba mcire rRvevis gadakveTa, ra SemTxvevaSic
mosalodnelia daSveba saSualo kuTxiT CrdiloeTis
mimarTulebiT. rRvevis mimdebared savaraudoa
danapralebis maRali simWidrove da Txeli, fxvieri
rRvevis qanebis (teqtonikuri breqCiebi da ZarRviani
Tixebi) arseboba. dislokaciis zona - daaxloebiT 10-20 m
farglebSi.
geoteqnika gvirabis mocemul monakveTze geomeqanikuri pirobebi
iqneba rig SemTxvevaSi damakmayofilebeli da zogierT
ubanze - SedarebiT araxelsayreli, rac ZiriTadad
gamowveulia imiT, rom stratigrafiuli wyeba, romlis
gadakveTac gaxdeba saWiro, dauSleli qanis meqanikuri
Tvisebebis TvalsazrisiT Zlier araerTgvarovania, rac
qmnis didi raodenobiT dacurebisa da gaxleCvis
zedapirebis warmoqmnis albaTobas. samTo masivi
umeteswilad, miekuTvneba RMR III klass. Tumca,
sporaduli adgilobrivi Semcireba IV klasamde
gamoricxuli ar aris. IV klasi SeiZleba, dominanturi
iyos minimaluri topografiuli dafarvis zonebSi, sadac
meteorologiuri cvlilebebi SesaZloa, ufro Zlieri
iyos, rac aqveiTebs dauSleli qanis sawyis
maxasiaTeblebs. samTo masivis xarisxis mniSvnelovani
daqveiTeba mosalodnelia pk 3+775 monakveTis maxloblad
samxreT-samxreT-dasavleTis mimarTulebis rRvevis gamo.
nebismier SemTxvevaSi mocemuli rRvevis mimarTuleba
gvirabis mimarTulebis mimarT xelsayrelia, radgan
miemarTeba mis perpendikularulad. gvirabis mTels am
monakveTze TiTqmis horizontaluri Sreobriobis gamo
SesaZlebelia gvirabis gadaxurvidan filebis Camocvena.
hidrogeologia zogadad, Sreebrivi vulkanitebi da vulkanoklastitebi
xasiaTdeba mcire wyalgamtarobiT. Tumca, lokalurad da
66

gansakuTrebiT bazalturi da andezituri Semadgenlobis
fenebSi SeiZleba, adgili hqondes garkveul
wyalgamtarobas. es fenebi SeiZleba, Seicavdes sustad
SekavSirebul wylis mcire moculobebs. garda amisa,
mcire topografiuli dafarvis gamo aseTi, lokalurad
wyalgamtari fenebi problemas ar Seuqmnis Txris
samuSaoebs. mosalodnelia wylis mcire modinebebis xSiri
da gafantuli gamovlineba. wylis es modinebebi swrafad
unda Semcirdes da stabilur pirobebSi mocemuli
zonidan wylis mxolod umniSvnelo gamosavlebia
mosalodneli. erTaderT gamonakliss SeiZleba, SevxvdeT
pk 3+775 m monakveTze mcire rRvevis zonaSi eqskavaciisas.
am seqtorSi SesaZloa wylis ucabedi modinebebi rRvevis
wyvetis zonaSi pirveli SeRwevisas. wylis gamodineba
gvirabis an nawilidan TandaTanobiT unda Semcirdes.
pk 4+570 gvirabis CrdiloeT portali
geologia mocemul ubanze gvirabis eqskavacia iwarmoebs tufebSi.
rRvevis zonebi mosalodneli ar aris. qans aqvs
erTgvarovani da psevdo-izotropuli maxasiaTeblebi,
xolo Sreobrioba uxeSi da mxolod sporadulad aris
xiluli. miuxedavad amisa, savaraudoa wvrilmarcvlovani
alevrituli qanis tipis adgilobrivi fenebis arseboba.
mocemul ganfenilobaze Sreobrioba kvlavac TiTqmis
horizontaluria aTeuli metris talRobriobiT, rac
ukavSirdeba samxreTidan CrdiloeT mimarTulebiT
mdebareobis cvlilebebs mcire kuTxiT.
geoteqnika samTo masivis mosalodneli xarisxi rig SemTxvevebSi aris
kargi da zog ubanzec - damakmayofilebeli danapralebis
dabali saSualo simWidrovis gamo. dominirebs RMR II
klasis pirobebi. Tumca, mosalodnelia RMR III
klasisTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebis gaZliereba mcire
topografiuli dafarvis mqone ubanze. mTeli am
monakveTis gaswvriv Sreobriobis TiTqmis horizontaluri
mdebareobis gamo mosalodnelia gvirabis gadaxurvidan
filebis lokalurad Camocvena alevrituli SuaSreebis
SemTxvevaSi. samTo masivis pirobebi samxreT portalTan
BH-02 WaburRilis Sedegebis Tanaxmad, iqneba kargi an
damakmayofilebeli. RQD (qanis rRvevis maCvenebeli)
mocemul WaburRilSi TiTqmis yvelgan 70-ze metia, rac
sustad danapralebuli qanebis arsebobaze miuTiTebs.
hidrogeologia tufebi xasiaTdeba mcire wyalgamtarobiT da amdenad,
mocemul qanebSi wylis mniSvnelovani gamosavlebi

67

kaSxali da sxva wyalamRebi nagebobebi
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kaSxali mdebareobs zonaSi, sadac wablaris xeoba viwrovdeba patara
Walis qvemoT. xeobis kveTis Semcireba ukavSirdeba aluviuri maraos
arsebobas, romelic gamomuSavebulia wablaris gverdiTi SenakadiT
marcxena hidrografiul mxares. am Senakadis momatebuli myari natanis
transportirebam gamoiwvia wablaris Semofargvla xeobis marjvniv.
amdenad, ganivi kveTi, sadac ganTavsdeba kaSxali, hyofs wablaris
xeobas or nawilad, romlebsac urTierTgansxvavebuli
geomorfologiuri maxasiaTeblebi aqvT. ubani kaSxlis zeda biefSi
warmoadgens mcire zomis Walas, sadac mdinare daqselilia da kargad
Cans mdinaris ramdenime damSrali kalapoti marcxena hidrografiul
mxares. amdenad, am ubanze mdinare xasiaTdeba daleqvisa da kalapotis
Secvlis tendenciiT. kaSxlis qveda biefSi mdinaris kalapotis daxra
izrdeba da mdinaris nakadi Rrmaa. marcxena mxares igi gadakveTs
maraos aluviur naleqebs, romelic kavSirSia gverdiT SenakadTan,
xolo marjvena mxares recxavs winameoTxeul sageb qanebs, romlebTan
SexebaSic igi modis gverdiTi Senakadis myari natanisa da danaleqebis
transportirebis gamo. mdinaris napirebi mocemul monakveTze
stabiluria. xeobis marjvena ferdobis fuZesTan mdinaris uwyveti
eroziiT gamowveuli adrindeli arastabilurobis garkveuli niSnebi
SeimCneva zonaSi, sadac kaSxali CaRrmavebulia. am seqtorze daikvirveba
sagebi qanebis lodebis mcire CamoSliT gamowveuli masivis mcocavi
naleqi, Tumca es naleqi amJamad stabilur mdgomareobaSia da narCeni an
mosalodneli moZraobis raime niSani ar SeimCneva. ferdobebi xeobis
fskers zemoT cicabo, magram mdgradia da aqtiuri an umoqmedo mewyeris
niSnebi ar SeimCneva kaSxlis arc zeda da arc qveda biefSi.
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kaSxali ZiriTadad ganTavsdeba aluviur naleqebze. kaSxlis qveda
biefSi stratigrafiuli maxasiaTeblebi ganisazRvra gardatexis
talRebis seismuri meTodiT miRebuli ori profilis daxmarebiT.
aRniSnuli kvlevebis Tanaxmad, aluviuri naleqebis simZlavre kaSxlis
RerZul nawils qvemoT aris daaxloebiT 15-20 m. aluviuri naleqis
sisqis mciredi Semcireba 12-15 m-mde seismuri profilebiT fiqsirdeba
kaSxlis marcxena frTaze. amis sapirispirod, naleqebis simZlavre
marjvena frTis qveS mkveTrad mcirdeba, rac dasturdeba sagebi qanis
gamovlinebiT uSualod kaSxlis qveda biefSi. kaSxlis marjvena frTis
gamorCeul maxasiaTebels warmoadgens isic, rom igi unda daefuZnos
ara aluviur naleqebs, aramed kldovan naleqebs, romlebic ukavSirdeba
dastabilurebul qvaTacvenas. es Txeli naleqebi uSualod
fundamentzea ganlagebuli da ganivi kontaqtiT ukavSirdeba aluviur
naleqebs. saleqari da sxva ZiriTadi danadgarebi wyalmimRebis ubanze
wablaris marcxena mxares daefuZneba 12-15 m sisqis aluviur naleqebs
da uSualod daeyrdnoba winameoTxeul fundaments.
68

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wina geologiuri aRwerilobis Tanaxmad, kaSxlis ubanze yvela
konstruqcia ZiriTadad daefuZneba aluviur naleqebs. mocemul ubanze
es naleqebi yvela SemTxvevaSi Sedgeba dominanturi ramdenimetriani
lodebisgan mcire RorRovan dedaqanSi. wablaris marcxena napirze
naleqebi adgilobrivad aris xelmeored damuSavebuli gzis
magistralis gayvanisa da mocemul raionSi turistuli kurortis
mowyobis mizniT. zogadad, am naleqebis geoteqnikuri Tvisebebi,
romlebic Sedgeba araSekruli masalisgan xaxunis gazrdili kuTxiT
(40-45), xelsayreli iqneba. maTi tengamtaroba meryeobs 1x10
-2
1x10
-4

farglebSi. mosalodnelia zomieri anizotropia, minimaluri
vertikaluri tengamtarobiT da maqsimaluri horizontaluri
tengamtarobiT. aRniSnuli ZiriTadad gamowveulia Txeli qviSiani
SuaSreebis SesaZlo arsebobiT, rac mcired amcirebs vertikalur
tengamtarobas horozontalurTan SedarebiT. naleqebis zemoT
gamofituli niadagis fena Zalzed Txelia da meryeobs 0-2 m diapazonSi.
im lodnari naleqebis geoteqnikuri Tvisebebi, romlebic ageben
marjvena kaSxlis frTis fundaments, Zlier msgavsia im aluviuri
naleqebis geoteqnikuri Tvisebebisa an maTze ukeTesia, romlebic
Sedgeba erTidan ramdenime metramde sisqis kuTxovani lodebisgan
gaiSviaTebul RorRovan dedaqanSi. rac Sexeba aluviur naleqebs,
savaraudod, es lodnari naleqebi aris Seukravi, xaxunis didi kuTxiT
da maRali tengamtarobiT (1x10
-1
1x10
-3
). savarudod, nagebobebis
fundamentebi winameoTxeul qveda Sremde ar CaaRwevs, garda kaSxlis
marjvena frTisa, sadac lodnari naleqebi Zalzed Txelia. am
SemTxvevaSi mosalodnelia danapralebis zomieri simWidrovis mqone
daSrevebuli vulkanoklastitebis arseboba, romlebsac ar gadakveTs
seriozuli rRvevebi. Ria napralebi SeiZleba, arsebobdes sagebi
qanebidan 2-3 m simaRleze gamofitvisa da wnevis relaqsaciis gamo.

eleqtrosadguri
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eleqtrosadguri mdebareobs md. wablaris marjvena mxares, aluviur
terasaze. terasa wablaris Tanamedrove kalapotsa da WalasTan
SedarebiT ufro maRal niSnulze mdebareobs. eroziuli qarafi,
romelic terasas hyofs mdinaris kalapotidan da Walidan, cvalebadi
simaRlisaa. dasavleTiT, eleqtrosadguris zemoT qarafis simaRle 0,5-
1,0 metria, xolo eleqtrosadguris doneze misi simaRle 2-4 metrs
aRwevs. amdenad, Tu eleqtrosadguris aRmosavleT nawilSi wablaris
marjvena napiri SedarebiT kargad aris gamagrebuli maRali qarafiT,
dasavleT nawilSi, anu eleqtrosadguris zeda biefSi mdinare
naklebad aris gamagrebuli da geomorfologiuri mdgomareoba iZleva
mdinaris gadagdebis saSualebas wyaldidobis periodebSi.
eleqtrosadguris samxreTiT aluviuri terasa sruldeba magistralis
miwayrilTan. eleqtrosadguris ubnis ferdobebi mdgradia rogorc
samxreTiT, ise CrdiloeTiT.
69

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eleqtrosadguris terasa Sedgeba aluviuri naleqebisgan, romlebic
eyrdnoba winameoTxeul qanebs, romlebic warmodgenilia tufebiT.
aluviuri naleqebis sisqe Seswavlili iqna gardatexili talRebis
seismuri meTodiT. naleqebis sisqe mcired icvleba xeobaSi
gadaadgilebasTan erTad mdinaris gadaxveviT Seqmnili morfologiis
gamo. nebismier SemTxvevaSi sisqe yovelTvis 10 m-ze naklebia. naleqebi
ZiriTadad Sedgeba erTeuli santimetridan erTeul decimetramde
diametris mqone momrgvalebuli kenWebisgan. mocemul ubanze erTidan
ramdenime metris lodebi iSviaTia. dedaqani ZiriTadad RorRovania,
qviSiani fraqciis mcire SemcvelobiT. wvrilmarcvlovani fenebis
arseboba mosalodneli ar aris msxvilmarcvlovani qviSebis
decimetramde zomis mcire fenebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSic ki.
g
e
o
t
e
q
n
i
k
a
aluviuri masalis geoteqnikuri Tvisebebi damakmayofilebelia.
aluviuri masala warmodgenilia Seukravi naleqebiT xaxunis maRali
kuTxiTa (40-45) da didi tengamtarobiT (1x10
-2
1x10
-4
m/wm). maTi
napralovneba normaluria mniSvnelovani rRvevebis gareSe. Ria
napralebis arsebobasa da gamofitvas SeiZleba, adgili hqondes
aluviur naleqebTan sakontaqto zedapiris pirveli 2-3 metrSi.
h
i
d
r
o
g
e
o
l
o
g
i
a

aluviur naleqebSi, romlebic ageben eleqtrosadguris ubnis terasas,
savaraudod, arsebobs TavTxeli da aqtiuri nakadis sistema, romelic
ikvebeba marjvena xeobis ferdobis gaswvriv infiltraciiT da
wonasworobaSia wablarTan. udavoa, rom es nakadi ikvebeba meoTxeul
naleqebSi arsebuli nakadis sistemiT. amdenad, SeiZleba, vivaraudoT,
rom wylis sarke am naleqebSi mdebareobs nakadis odnav maRla, xolo
wylis sarkis mosalodneli siRrme eleqtrosadguris ubanze winaswari
gaTvlebiT udris 2-3 metrs.

geomorfologia. sakvlevi teritoria Sedis samxreT saqarTvelos zeganis
zonaSi, romelic moicavs mTis xeobis tipis reliefs. regionSi zedapiris
maformirebeli elementebis mixedviT gamoiyofa izolirebuli, eroziuli
tipis reliefi, romelic iyofa or tipad:
rTuli reliefi gamomuSavebuli Sua eocenis tufogenur qanebze.
reliefis es tipi ganviTarebulia md. wablariswylis Sua dinebis
xeobaSi, sadac gaivlis wablaris hesi-2-is saderivacio milsadeni;
saSualomTis, Zlier danawevrebuli reliefi SedarebiT
momrgvalebuli TxemebiT, cocabi ferdobebiTa da Rrmad CaWrili V
formis xeobebiT. es zona miekuTvneba mcire, meore rigis qedebs,
romlebic gamodis axalcixe-imereTis qedis mTavari totidan da Sua
eocenis gamomuSavebuli vulkanuri formaciebidan. nabostnebisa da
dorRnaulis mTebis raionis erT-erTi mTavari Sto iyofa sam nawilad:
dasavleT nawili warmoadgens qvagrZelas qeds absoluturi
niSnulebiT (1632.6 m da 1535.3 m) da warmoadgens mdinareebis
skurdulasa da wablariswylis wyalgamyofs; Sua ganStoeba aris
md.md. skurdulasa da qurTas wyalgamyofi, xolo aRmosavleT
ganStoeba warmoadgens md.md. xaniswylisa da kerSaveTis wyalgamyofs.
70

ganStoebis zemoxsenebuli sistema TandaTanobiT dabldeba CrdiloeTiT. am
qedebis Txemebi sakmaod viwroa, siganiT daaxloebiT 100 m, Tumca yvela
maTgani mrgvali formisaa. mTis ferdobebi ar aris cicabo. akumulaciuri
reliefi, romelic warmodgenilia mdinaris Waliszeda terasebiT,
SezRuduli gavrcelebiT xasiaTdeba da gxvdeba md.md. xaniswylisa da
kerSaveTis im ubnebze, romlebic ar Sedis samuSao zonaSi.
md. wablaris xeobis profili V formisaa, rac damaxasiaTebelia
mdinarisaTvis. misi cicabo frTebi miuTiTebs imaze, rom masze savaraudod
mimdinareobs swrafi eroziuli daRrmaveba. daRrmavebis procesi aseve
dasturdeba sxvadasxva rigis narCeni aluviuri terasebiT, romlebic
gavrcelebulia Tanamedrove xeobis fskeridan sxvadasxva siamRleze. xeobis
qveda nawilSi md. xanis SesarTavTan, sof. wyalTaSua nawilobriv
moqceulia aluviur terasaze, romelic amJamad mdebareobs 10-20 m
simaRleze mdinaris kalapotidan. ufro zemoT igive mdgomareobaa sof.
xevTan dakavSirebiT. kidev ufro zemoT, xeobis zeda nawilSi fiqsirdeba
aluviuri terasebis mcire zomis mravalricxovani naSTebi mdinaris
Tanamedrove kalapotidan 10-50 m simaRleze. yvela es terasa gadafarulia
aluviuri naleqebiT, romelTa simZlavrec meryeobs ramdenime metridan 20-30
metramde.
garda im ubnebisa, sadac fiqsirdeba terasebis fragmentebi, ferdobebis
umetesoba xasiaTdeba cicabo daxrilobiTa da Rrma CaWriT ganivi, mcire
zomis V formis xeobebiT. mTavari xeobis SesarTavTan es meoreuli xeobebi
rogorc wesi, qmnian mcire maraosebur aparats. wablaris xeobaSi
mniSvnelovani aqtiuri gravitaciuli movlenebis niSnebi ar daikvirveba;
dafiqsirda didi zomis stabilur mdgomareobaSi myofi ramdenime mewyeri
mxolod patara daba udabnos qvemoT, marjvena frTaze.
71

meoTxeuli naleqebi geomorfologiuri aRniSvnebi aRniSvnebi

anTropogenuli naleqebi

anTropogenuli qarafebi

wylis nakadis mimarTuleba

ferdobuli namsxvrevebi (axali):
klasturi naleqebi, romelic
Sedgeba erTuli santimetridan
erTeul decimetramde zomis,
masiuri vulkanitebis kuTxovani
namsxvrevebisgan RorRisa da qviSis
iSviaTi SemcvelobiT an RorRisa da
qviSis gareSe warmodgenil
dedaqanSi

wylis nakadis terasebis aqtiuri
qarafebi, romlebic jer kidev
ganicdian eroziuli procesebis
zemoqmedebas Cveulebrivi
datborvis dros. Savad
moniSnuli cifrebi aRniSnavs
qarafis miaxloebiT simaRleebs.

mdinaris Zveli kalapotebis RerZuli
mimarTuleba (2002 wlamde)

lodnari mewyeruli naleqebi
(axali): klasturi naleqebi,
romelic Sedgeba erTuli
santimetridan aTeul metramde
zomis lodebisgan RorRisa da
qviSis iSviaTi SemcvelobiT an
RorRisa da qviSis gareSe
warmodgenil dedaqanSi.

wylis nakadis terasebis
gaaqtiurebadi qarafebi,
romlebzec gavlenas ar axdens
erozia garda gansakuTrebuli
datborvis SemTxvevaSi. Savad
moniSnuli cifrebi aRniSnavs
qarafis miaxloebiT simaRleebs.

fenebis ganlageba

aluviuri naleqebi (holoceni):
momrgvalebuli formis, erTuli
santimetridan erTeul decimetramde
zomis, dominanturi masiuri
vulkanuri qanebis klastebi
(adgilobrivad ramdenimetriani
lodebi) RorRovan da qviSian
dedaqanSi; pedogenezis zomieri
zemoqmedebis qveS: a) dominanturi
erTeuli metridan erTeul
decimetramde lodebi.

stabiluri nakadis terasebis
qarafebi, romlebzec gavlenas ar
axdens eroziuli procesebi.

struqturul-
geologiuri/geomeqanikuri gazomvebis
ubnebi
winameoTxeuli fundamenti

uZraobaSi myofi mewyerebis
qarafebi

seismuri gardatexis talRebi kvlevis
mizniT

daSrevebuli vulkanoklastitebi

aluviuri marao

dazianebuli sayrdeni kedeli

gabionebi

geologiuri kveTis kvali
sur. 29. geologiuri rukis nawili wyalmimRebis ubani

72

meoTxeuli naleqebi winameoTxeuli fundamenti

anTropogenuli naleqebi

daSrevebuli
vulkanoklastitebi

ferdobuli namsxvrevebi (axali): klasturi naleqebi, romelic Sedgeba erTeuli
santimetridan erTeul decimetramde zomis, masiuri vulkanitebis dakuTxuli
klastebisgan RorRisa da qviSis Semcvelobis dedaqanSi

lodnari mewyeruli naleqebi (axali): klasturi naleqebi, romelic Sedgeba
erTeuli santimetridan aTeul metramde zomis lodebisgan RorRisa da qviSis
iSviaTi SemcvelobiT an RorRisa da qviSis gareSe warmodgenil dedaqanSi.

aRniSvnebi

aluviuri naleqebi (holoceni): momrgvalebuli formis, erTeuli santimetridan
erTeul decimetramde zomis, dominanturi masiuri vulkanuri qanebis klastebi
(adgilobrivad ramdenimetriani lodebi) RorRovan da qviSian dedaqanSi;
pedogenezis zomieri zemoqmedebis qveS. a) dominanturi, erTeulidan aTeul
metramde zomis lodebi.

rRveva: a) aSkara;
b) savaraudo
geomorfologiuri aRniSvnebi



wylis nakadi

wylis nakadis terasebis aqtiuri qarafebi, romlebic dRemde ganicdian eroziuli
procesebis zemoqmedebas Cveulebrivi wyaldidobis dros. Savad moniSnuli cifrebi
aRniSnavs qarafis miaxloebiT simaRleebs.

fenebis ganlageba

wylis nakadis terasebis gaaqtiurebadi qarafebi, romlebzec gavlenas ar axdens
erozia, garda gansakuTrebuli wyaldidobis SemTxvevebisa. Savad moniSnuli
cifrebi aRniSnavs qarafis miaxloebiT simaRleebs.

rRvevis ganlageba

aluviuri marao

gazomvis ubnebi

WaburRili

sur. 30. geologiuri rukis nawili samxreT portalis ubani

73

meoTxeuli naleqebi geomorfologiuri aRniSvnebi

anTropogenuli naleqebi: a) miRebuli ferdobuli namsxvrevebisgan; b) miRebuli
aluviuri naleqebisgan.


ferdobuli namsxvrevebi (axali): klasturi naleqebi, romelic Sedgeba erTeuli
santimetridan erTeul decimetramde zomis, masiuri vulkanitebis kuTxovani
namsxvrevebisgan RorRisa da qviSis Semcvelobis dedaqanSi

wylis nakadis terasebis aqtiuri qarafebi,
romlebic dResac ganicdian eroziuli procesebis
zemoqmedebas Cveulebrivi wyaldidobis dros. Savad
moniSnuli cifrebi aRniSnavs qarafis miaxloebiT
simaRleebs.

lodnari mewyeruli naleqebi (axali): klasturi naleqebi, romelic Sedgeba
erTeuli santimetridan aTeul metramde zomis lodebisgan RorRisa da qviSis
iSviaTi SemcvelobiT an RorRisa da qviSis gareSe warmodgenil dedaqanSi.

wylis nakadis terasebis gaaqtiurebadi qarafebi,
romlebzec gavlenas ar axdens erozia, garda
gansakuTrebuli wyaldidobebis SemTxvevaSi. Savad
moniSnuli cifrebi aRniSnavs qarafis miaxloebiT
simaRleebs.

aluviuri naleqebi (holoceni): momrgvalebuli formis, erTeuli santimetridan
erTeul decimetramde zomis, dominanturi masiuri vulkanuri qanebis klastebi
(adilobrivad ramdenimetriani lodebi) RorRovan da qviSiSian dedaqanSi;
pedogenezis zomieri zemoqmedebis qveS.

aluviuri marao
winameoTxeuli fundamenti

daWaobebuli ubani

tufebi

aRniSvnebi

rRveva: a) aSkara;
b) savaraudo


wylis nakadis napirebi

fenebis ganlageba

rRvevis ganlageba

struqturul-geologiuri/geomeqanikuri gazomvebis ubnebi

nimuSebis aRebis ubnebi

seismuri kvlevis gardatexis talRebi

WaburRili

geologiuri kveTis kvali

sur. 31. geologiuri rukis nawili eleqtrosadguris ubani

74

5.3. niadagi
saqarTvelo gamorCeulia niadagebis mravalferovnebiT. niadagebis
gavrcelebuli tipebis Tvisebebis mixedviT gamoiyofa niadagis 3 ubani, qve-
ubnebiT, zonebiTa da raionebiT. dasavleT saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia
niadagis Semdegi tipebi:
I. mTaTaSorisi dablobebis qve-zona dasavleT saqarTvelos eweri da
Waobiani niadagebis zona:
kolxeTis dablobis dasavleT dablobi nawilis Waobiani niadagebis
zona;
afzaxeTi-samegrelos eweri da aluviuri niadagebis zona;
kolxeTis dablobis aRmosavleT regionis (imereTi) eweri da
aluviuri niadagebis zona;
kolxeTis dablobis samxreT regionis (guria-aWara) eweri da
aluviuri niadagebis zona.

II. didi kavkasionis qve-zona:
1. gorak-borcviani mTiswineTis wiTel- da yviTelmiwa niadagebis zona:
afxazeTis mTiswineTis yviTelmiwa da humusovan-karbonatuli
niadagebis zona;
afxazeT-samegrelos winamTebis yviTel-, wiTel- da humusovan-
karbonatuli niadagebis zona;
okribis dablobis wiTelmiwa niadagebis zona;
imereTis mTebis humusovan-karbonatuli niadagebis zona.

2. mTa-tyis niadagebis zona:
didi kavkasionis samxreT ferdobis karstul-kirqvis zonis
humusovan-karbonatuli niadagebis zona;
didi kavkasionis dasavleT regionis saSualo mTis zonis mTis
nacrisferi da eweri niadagebis zona;
zemo imereTisa da suramis qedis nacrisferi, eweri da humusovan-
karbonatuli niadagebis zona;
raWa-leCxumis humusovan-karbonatuli da tyis nacrisferi
niadagebis zona.

3. mTa-mdelos niadagebis zona:
didi kavkasionis dasavleT nawilis maRalmTiani kristaluri masivis
mTa-tyis dakordebuli, dakordebul-torfiani da yamiri niadagebis
zona (afxazeTi, svaneTi);
samegrelo-raWis qedebis mTa-mdelos niadagebis zona (zemo imereTi).

III. samxreT mTianeTis ganivi qedebis qve-zona - gorak-borcviani mTiswineTis
wiTel- da yviTelmiwa niadagebis zona:
mesxeTis qedis CrdiloeT ferdobis yviTelmiwa, mTis nacrisferi
da humusovan-karbonatuli niadagebis zona;
aWara-guriis gorak-borcviani mTiswineTis wiTelmiwa niadagebis
zona;
75

mesxeTis qedis saSualo mTis zonis mTis nacrisferi niadagebis
zona;
aWara-imereTisa da SavSeTis qedebis maRali mTis zonis mTa-mdelos
dakordebuli da dakordebul-torfiani niadagebis zona.
saqarTvelos sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis daaxloebiT 33% (1 milioni
heqtari) erodirebulia, saidanac 380,000 ha saxnavi miwaa, 570,000 ha saTibi da
saZovrebia, xolo 87,000 ha Savi zRvis sanapiro zols warmoadgens.
eroziuli procesebi saqarTveloSi gaZlierda ukanasknel wlebSi, rac
gamowveulia klimatis cvlilebiTa da gaxSirebuli bunebrivi
kataklizmebiT. SeimCneva niadagis nayofierebis sayovelTao Semcirebis
tendencia, razec naTlad miuTiTebs yvela tipis niadagSi sakvebi
nivTierebebisa da humusis mcire Semcveloba mTeli qveynis teritoriaze.
soflis meurneobis saministros monacemebis Tanaxmad (2006 w.), qveynis
sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis daaxloebiT 60% xasiaTdeba saSualo da dabali
nayofierebiT. niadagis nayofierebis daqveiTebas aseve, xels uwyobs
sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis araswori eqspluatacia, raSic Sedis gadaZoveba,
intensiuri sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianoba da cicabo ferdobebis damuSaveba.
damlaSebisa da damJavebis procesebi daaCqara mJavuri Semadgenlobis
azotis sasuqebis gamoyenebam. tyeebis ukontrolo Cexvisa da Ria samTo
samuSaoebis Sedegad daCqarda miwis degradaciis procesi. aseve, seriozul
problemas warmoadgens infrastruqturis ganviTarebiTa da samSeneblo
proeqtebis ganxorcielebiT gamowveuli produqtiuli niadagebis dakargva.
niadagis ZiriTadi tipebi naCvenebia suraTze 32.

7 yavisferi
9 yavisferi-eweri
10

yviTel-yavisferi
17

yviTeli

sur. 32. niadagebis ruka mSeneblobis raioni

CvenTvis saintereso regionSi gavrcelebulia qromuli kambisolebi da
alisolebi. niadagebis es tipebi qromul da laterizebul kambisolebTan,
alisolebsa da kambisolebTan erTad farTodaa gavrcelebuli dasavleT
76

saqarTvelos subtropikul zonaSi. es niadagebi damaxasiaTebelia zemo
imereTis mxarisTvis (vanis, xaragaulis, baRdaTis, saCxerisa da tyibulis
municipalitetebi). qromuli kambisolebisa da alisolebis nawili
dafarulia tyeebiT ZiriTadad wablisa da rcxilis tyeebiT.
regionSi Tavisufal farTobebs mosaxleoba amuSavebs (mohyavT
subtropikuli kulturebi, yurZeni, xorbali da sxv.). humusis fena sqelia.
niadagi mJavea (pH=5.0-5.5). yvelaze metad mJave humusovani fenebia. simJave
mcirdeba siRrmis matebasTan erTad. 1 m siRrmemde humusis Semcveloba
xSirad >1%-ia. azotis Semadgenlobac analogiuria. kaliumisa da magniumis
Semcveloba mcirea. niadagi xasiaTdeba mZime Tixis meqanikuri TvisebebiT.
niadagze dakvirvebebi Sewyda 2003 wels. Tumca, amJamad garemos dacvis
erovnulma saagentom aRadgina laboratoriuli samuSaoebi TbilisSi
niadagebSi pesticidebis, mZime liTonebisa da navTobproduqtebis
Semcvelobis gasazomad. 2010 wels garemos dacvis erovnulma saagentom
ganaaxla niadagis nimuSebis aRebis operaciebi rekreaciul zonebSi da
samrewvelo ubnebis siaxloves (samuSaoebi daiwyo Tbilisidan, Semdeg
gagrZelda zestafonSi, rusTavSi, bolnisSi, quTaissa da baTumSi).

5.4. miwaTsargebloba da dasaxlebebi
5.4.1. komponentis aRweriloba
saqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebuli miwa iyofa or samarTlebriv
kategoriad: sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwa (40%) da arasasoflo-
sameurneo daniSnulebis miwa (60%). am ukanasknelSi Sedis saxelmwifo da
municipaluri tyeebi (satyeo fondi), daculi teritoriebi, wyliT
dafaruli miwa (wylis fondi), urbanuli da samrewvelo raionebi da miwa,
romelzec gadis gzebi da ganlagebulia sxvadasxva infrastruqtura.
sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis saerTo farTobi qveynis masStabiT
3 milioni heqtarze metia da Seadgens qveynis mTliani teritoriis 43.5%-s.
qveynis teritoriis 15% saxnavi miwebiTa da mravalwliani sasoflo-
sameurneo kulturebiT aris warmodgenili, 28%-s ki warmoadgens saZovrebi
da saTibebi. amJamad qveyanaSi kultivirebuli miwis TiTqmis mTeli farTobi
provatizebulia. miwis daaxloebiT 1 milioni heqtari gadacemulia kerZo
sakuTrebaSi, romlis 80% sasoflo-sameurneo miwebs warmoadgens. 6.6
milioni ha saxelmwifo miwis mxolod erTi-mesamedi aris sasoflo-
sameurneo daniSnulebis (ZiriTadad saZovrebi da saTibebi).
saproeqto ubani mdebareobs imereTis raionis baRdaTis municipalitetSi.
municipalitetis saerTo farTobi Seadgens 815 km
2
-s. municipalitetis
teritoriis daaxloebiT 65% tyiT aris dafaruli.

77

wifeli

wabli
naZvi, fiWvi

sur. 33. tyis tipi
mcenareuloba ZiriTadad foTolmcvenia. wiwvovani tyeebi ZiriTadad
gavrcelebulia sairmes kurortTan axlos. tyeebi saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSia.
wablaris wyalSemkrebi auzis zemoweli moqceulia alpur zonaSi, sadac
gavrcelebulia alpuri mdeloebi.
municipalitetis teritoriaze arsebuli sasoflo-sameurneo miwis saerTo
farTobi 19,089 heqtaria. aqedan 6,279 ha kerZo sakuTrebaSia, xolo 12,810 ha
saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSia. raionSi ZiriTad sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobaa
mevenaxeoba da meRvineoba, mebostneoba da mecxoveleoba. sasoflo-sameurneo
nakveTebi warmodgenilia baRebiT, xexiliT, venaxebiTa da simindis yanebiT.
saproeqto ubani naklebad aris aTvisebuli. saproeqto ubanze arsebuli
miwa ar aris damuSavebuli.
saproeqto ubanTan yvelaze axlos mdebare dasaxlebaa sairme. wyalmimRebi
aigeba udabnos balneologiur-samkurnalo kurortTan axlos. mdinaris
monakveTi, romelzec mimdinareobs samuSaoebi, mocemulia qvemoT, suraTze.
78

sur. 34. saproeto ubnis mdebareoba uaxloes dasaxlebul punqtebTan
mimarTebaSi
wyalmimRebis ubanze registrirebulia miwis 14 nakveTi (sur. 35, meore
mxare). registrirebuli nakveTebi wiTladaa moniSnuli. miwebis mesakuTrea
Sps sairmes kurorti. miwis nakveTebi naCvenebia qvemoT:
said.
kodi
saerTo farTobi, m
2
Senobebi/nagebobebi
301832007 48 ara
301832008 36 ara
301832010 5235 erTi (savaWro centri =389.7 m2)
301832011 7200 xuTi (#1 3331 m2; #2 - 1285.6 m2; #3 - 948 m2; #4 - 32.3 m2;
#5 - 50 m2).
301832013 1428 ara
301832014 381 ara
301832015 694 ara
301832016 10266 ara
301831066 450 erTi (savaWro centri = 72 m2)
301831074 6350 xuTi (#1 1571; #2 126; #3 36; #4 12; #5 250)
312121013 83966 ara
312121006 252 ara
312121007 694 ara
312121009 1135 ara
erTaderTi farTobi, romelzec proeqti moaxdebs droebiT zemoqmedebas,
aris nakveTi # 312121009.
79

sur. 35. miwis registrirebuli nakveTebi wyalmimRebis ubanze
80

5.5. zedapiruli wylis hidrologia
mdinare wablariswyali md. xaniswylis marcxena Senakadia. igi saTaves
iRebs aWara-imereTis qedis CrdiloeT kalTebze, 2200 metris simaRleze
arsebuli wyarodan da erTvis mdinare xaniswyals marcxena mxridan sof.
wablarasxevTan. mdinaris sigrZea 29 km, saerTo vardna 2058 m, saSualo
qanobi 71,0 , wyalSemkrebi auzis farTobi 230 km
2
, auzis saSualo simaRle
ki 1600 metria. mdinaris hidrografiuli qseli Sedgeba mcire
Senakadebisgan, romelTa jamuri sigrZe 102 km-ia. mdinaris auzs gaaCnia
msxlisebri forma da mimarTulia samxreTidan CrdiloeTisken 30 km-ze.
auzis saSualo sigane 7-8 km-ia.

sur. 36. xaniswylis wyalgamyofis ruka

auzi xasiaTdeba Zlier danawevrebuli mTiani reliefiT. aq mdinarisa da
Senakadebis xeobebi viwro da Rrmad CaWrilia. cicabo ferdobebi calkeul
adgilebze vertikaluri da gaSiSvlebulia.
mdinaris xeoba mTel sigrZeze V-es formisaa. misi fskeris sigane, romelic
mTlianad dakavebulia mdinaris nakadiT, icvleba 5-dan 20 m-mde. mdinaris
terasebi gvxvdeba kurort sairmes qvemoT SesarTavamde. terasebis sigane 40-
100 metri, sigrZe 150-200 metri, simaRle ki 3-7 metria. mdinares umniSvnelo
Wala gaaCnia mxolod SesarTavTan. mdinaris kalapoti zomierad klaknili
da ZiriTadad dautotavia. mdinaris nakadi mTel sigrZeze mTis mdinaris
81

xasiaTs atarebs. nakadis sigane 4-16 metri, siRrme 0,3-1,0 metri, siCqare ki 1,6-
0,8 m/wm-ia.
mdinare sazrdoobs Tovlis, wvimisa da gruntis wylebiT. misi wylianobis
reJimi xasaTdeba gazafxulis wyaldidobiT, Semodgomis wyalmovardnebiT
da zafxulisa da zamTris aramdgradi wyalmcirobiT. moklevadiani
yinulovani movlenebi wanapirebis saxiT fiqsirdeba mxolod ianvarSi da
TebervalSi.
wyalmcirobis periodSi mdinaris wyali sufTa, gamWvirvale da sasmelad
vargisia. mdinare samewarmeo saqmianobaSi ar gamoiyeneba.
md. wablariswylis hidrologiuri maxasiaTeblebi, hidrologiuri kvlevis
angariSze dayrdnobiT mocemulia qvemoT.

saSualo wliuri xarji

cxrili 14. mdinare wablariswylis saSualo wliuri
xarjebi m
3
/wm-Si

F wyalSemkrebi auzis farTobia;
0
Q xarjebis saSualo mravalwliuri sididea;
Cv variaciis koeficientia;
Cs asimetriis koeficientis sididea;
K analogidan saproeqto kveTebSi gadamyvani koeficentebia.

md. wablariswylis 85%-iani uzrunvelyofis Sidawliuri ganawileba
gaangariSebulia saSualo wliuri xarjis Sidawliuri ganawilebiT.

saproeqto uzrunvelyofis saSualo wliuri xarjis Sidawliuri
ganawileba saproeqto kveTebSi mocemulia #15 cxrilSi. iqve mocemulia
mdinaris sanitaruli xarjis sidide (rac tolia wyalaRebis kveTSi
mdinaris saSualo mravalwliuri xarjis 10%-is) da Hhesis mier asaRebi
wylis raodenoba mdinareSi sanitaruli xarjis datovebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

cxrili 15. mdinare wablariswylis 85%-iani uzrunvelyofis saSualo
wliuri xarjebis Sidawliuri ganawileba saproeqto kveTSi
xarji I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII weli
saS. Tviuri
saTaveSi
1.6 1.88 4.01 10.2 10.2 6.33 2.87 2.44 2.16 2.94 3.12 2.26 4.18
sanitaruli
xarji
0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48
gadagdebuli
nakadi
1.16 1.40 3.53 9.72 9.72 5.85 2.39 1.96 1.68 2.46 2.64 1.78 3.70
kveTi
F
km
2

0
Q
m
3
/wm
V
C
S
C K
uzrunvelyofa, P %
10 25 50 75 80 85 90
analogi 102 3,15 0,22 0,220 _ 3,97 3,56 3,13 2,88 2,80 2,75 2,68
wablaris
hesi-2
172 4,35 _ _ 1,519 6,03 5,41 4,75 4,37 4,25 4,18 4,07
82

cxrili 16. mdinare wablariswylis 10%, 50%, 75%, 85% da 90%-iani
uzrunvelyofis saSualo wliuri xarjebis Sidawliuri ganawileba
#2 saproeqto kveTSi

xarji I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Year
10% uzrunvelyofa
saS. Tviuri
saTaveSi
2.37 2.71 5.78 14.7 14.9 9.15 4.14 3.52 3.11 4.24 4.50 3.26 6.03
sanitaruli 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48
gadagdebuli
nakadi
1.89 2.23 5.3 14.2 14.4 8.67 3.66 3.04 2.63 3.76 4.02 2.78 5.55
50% uzrunvelyofa
saS. Tviuri
saTaveSi
1.87 2.13 4.55 11.6 11.7 7.21 3.26 2.77 2.45 3.34 3.54 2.57 4.75
sanitaruli 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48
gadagdebuli
nakadi
1.39 1.65 4.07 11.1 11.2 6.73 2.78 2.29 1.97 2.86 3.06 2.09 4.27
75% uzrunvelyofa
saS. Tviuri
saTaveSi
1.72 1.96 4.19 10.7 10.8 6.63 3.00 2.55 2.25 3.07 3.26 2.36 4.37
sanitaruli 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48
gadagdebuli
nakadi
1.24 1.48 3.71 10.2 10.3 6.15 2.52 2.07 1.77 2.59 2.78 1.88 3.89
85% uzrunvelyofa
saS. Tviuri
saTaveSi
1.64 1.88 4.01 10.2 10.2 6.33 2.87 2.44 2.16 2.94 3.12 2.26 4.18
sanitaruli 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48
gadagdebuli
nakadi
1.16 1.40 3.53 9.72 9.72 5.85 2.39 1.96 1.68 2.46 2.64 1.78 3.70
90% uzrunvelyofa
saS. Tviuri
saTaveSi
1.60 1.83 3.90 9.93 9.93 6.16 2.79 2.38 2.10 2.86 3.04 2.20 4.07
sanitaruli 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48
gadagdebuli
nakadi
1.12 1.35 3.42 9.45 9.45 5.68 2.31 1.90 1.62 2.38 2.56 1.72 3.59

maqsimaluri xarji
md. wablariswylis sxvadasxva uzrunvelyofis maqsimaluri xarjebi
analigisa da saproeqto kveTebSi mocemulia qvemoT, cxrilSi #17.
cxrili 17. mdinare wablariswylis maqsimaluri
xarjebi m
3
/wm-Si

kveTi
F
km
2

0
Q
m
3
/wm
V
C
S
C K
uzrunvelyofa, P %
0.1 0.5 1 3 5 10 20
analogi 102 15.1 0,27 1,08 _ 35.3 30.0 27.7 24.3 22.6 20.4 18.1
wablaris
hesi-2
172 19.6 - - 1.298 45.8 38.9 36.0 31.5 29.3 26.5 23.5
83

empiriuli formulebis gamoyenebiT gamoTvlili wylis maqsimaluri
xarjebis saangariSo sidideebi saproeqto kveTebSi:

cxrili 18. mdinare wablariswylis wylis maqsimaluri
xarji

kveTi
F
km
2

uzrunvelyofa, P %
0.1 0.5 1 3 5 10 20
wablaris hesi-2
172 260 210 180 140 125 105 85

wylis minimaluri xarji. md. wablariswylis wylis minimaluri xarjis
saSualo mravalwliani sidide Seadgens 0.55 km
3
/wm-s.

cxrili 19. mdinare wablariswylis wylis minimaluri
xarjebi m
3
/wm-Si

myari Camonadeni
mdinareebis wablariswylisa da Kxaniswyalis myari Camonadeni saproeqto
kveTebSi dadgenilia meTodiT, romelic mocemulia hidrologiur cnobarSi
ssr kavSiris zedapiruli wylis resursebi, tomi IX, gamoSveba I.
saproeqto kveTebSi md. wablariswylis myari Camonadenis saangariSod
saWiro parametrebi mocemulia cxrilSi 20.

cxrili 20. mdinare wablariswylis myari Camonadeni saproeqto kveTSi
saTave
nagebobis
#

0
Q
m
3
/wm
i
auzis

gr/m
3

0
R
kg/wm
W
tona/
weli

I
W
tona/
weli
#2 4.35 0.398 252 1.10 34650 48500

sadac i mdinaris wyalSemkrebi auzis qanobia saproeqto kveTebamde, romlis
mniSvneloba ganisazRvreba topografiuli rukidan.
simRvrivea.
0
R myari xarjis saSualo mravalwliuri sididea.
W myari xarjis saSualo mravalwliuri Camonadenia.
I
W myari xarjisa da fskeruli natanis wliuri Camonadenia.
fskeruli natani SesaZlebelia aRebuli iqnes myari xarjis 40%-is toli.

kveTi
F
km
2

0
Q
m
3
/wm
V
C
S
C K
uzrunvelyofa, P %
75 80 85 90 95 97 99
analogi 102 0.55 0,25 0,50 _ 0.38 0.35 0.31 0.28 0.23 0.20 0.15
wablaris
hesi-2
172 0.84 _ _ 1,519 0.58 0.53 0.47 0.42 0.35 0.30 0.23
84

wylis xarisxi
ukanasknel aTwleulebSi Catarebuli kvlevebis Tanaxmad, zedapiruli
wylis xarisxi kveTebis umetes nawilSi aradamakmayofilebelia, ris mTavar
mizezsac gauwmendavi municipaluri Camdinare wylis gadagdeba warmoadgens.
aseT Camdinare wylebTan erTad wyalsatevebSi xvdeba didi raodenobiT
sakvebi nivTierebebi, rac mikroorganizmebis zrdasa da evtrifikacias
uwyobs xels da aseve, iwvevs wyalSi gaxsnili Jangbadis Semcirebas, ramac
SeiZleba, seriozuli ziani miayenos wylis ekosistemebs. Tumca,
saqarTvelos mdinareebis nakadebis didi siswrafisa da wylis dabali
temperaturis gamo movlenebis amgvari ganviTareba ar SeiniSneba.
wylis xarisxi damokidebulia mis adgilmdebareobaze. kolxeTis dablobze
gamdinare mdinareebis mTavar damabinZurebels warmoadgens sasoflo-
sameurneo da urbanuli Camdinare wylebi. kolxeTis dablobi cnobilia,
rogorc saqarTvelos sasoflo-sameurneo da mesaqonleobis regioni,
romlis teritoriac mWidrodaa dasaxlebuli xeobis gaswvriv. Sesabamisad,
ZiriTad damabinZurebels azotis Semcveli naerTebi warmoadgens.
nitratebis wyaroa sasoflo-sameurneo sasuqebi, romelTa gamoyenebac iwvevs
nitratebis Semcvelobis zrdas mdinareSi sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobis
periodSi.
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg saqarTvelos zedapiruli wylebis
dabinZurebis xarisxi Semcirda, rac gamowveuli iyo samrewvelo warmoebisa
da masTan dakavSirebuli Camdinare wylebis mkveTri SemcirebiT. aRniSnuls
SeiZleba, gamoewvia wylis xarisxis droebiTi gaumjobeseba, Tumca meores
mxriv, Camdinare wylebis gamwmendi nagebobebis didi nawilis gaCerebisa da
dabali warmadobiT muSaobis gamo mosalodneli gaumjobeseba ar damdgara.
am ukanaskneli problemas gamo dResac ki zedapiruli wylis obieqtebSi
didi raodenobiT Caedineba gauwmendavi Camdinare wylebi.
saqarTvelos zedapiruli mtknari wylis monitorings awarmoebs garemos
dacvis erovnuli saagento. warmoebs 22 mdinaris monitoringi 39 ubanze da
paliastomis tbis erT ubanze. wylis nimuSebis aReba xdeba yovelTviurad.
nimuSebi mowmdeba 33 sxvadasxva parametrze.
qvemoT moyvanilia CvenTvis saintereso regionSi arsebuli dakvirvebis
sadgurebis CamonaTvali. departamentis oficialur veb-gverdze
gamoqveynebuli monacemebis Tanaxmad, sadgurebma muSaoba SeaCeres 2002
wels. saproeqto ubanze dakvirvebis postebi ar aris.

cxrili 21. wylis xarisxis monitoringis saguSagoebi
dakvirvebis ubani
mdinareze
mdebareoba Canaweris
gakeTebis weli
statusi
rioni, quTaisi-1 0.5 km q. quTaiss zemoT 1983-2002 2
rioni, samtredia-1 samtrediaSi, 4.5 km oCapas SesarTavs zemoT 1983-2002 2
yvirila, WiaTura 12.6 km WiaTuras zemoT 1940-2002 2
yvirila, zestafoni 2.4 km q. zestafons zemoT, xidTan 1940-2002 2
Zirula, sof. civa 0.2 km civas qvemoT, 0.4 km rkinigzis xids zemoT 1973-2002 1
Cxerimela, orjonikiZe-1 0.16 km orjonikiZis zemoT, wylis sadgurTan axlos 1965-2002 1
tyibuli, tyibuli-1 tyibulSi, 50 m Saoris hidrosadgurs qvemoT 1967-2002 2
xaniswyali, maiakovski-1 50 m maiakovsks zemoT 1965-2002 1
ogaskura, quTaisi-1 quTaisSi, 3 km xids zemoT 1967-2002 2
gubiswyali, saTave 0.4 km saTavidan zemoT 1988-2002 1
85

rioni, saqoCakiZe saqoCakiZeSi, boranis doneze, wylis sadgurTan
axlos
1938-2002 2
cxeniswyali, xidi xidSi, 0.5 km wylis nakadis Cadinebis adgils
qvemoT
1967-2002 1
lagoba, samtredia-1 3.57 km samtredias zemoT 1988-2002 1
cxeniswyali, luji 1.6 km lurjs qvemoT, 138 km SesarTavs zemoT 1989-2002 1
SeniSvnebi: 1 mimdinareobs nimuSebis regularulad aReba; 2 ar funqcionirebs.

monitoringis Sedegebi cxadyofs, rom amiakis koncentracia saqarTvelos
wylis obieqtebSi zogadad aRemateba adamianis janmrTelobisTvis
usafrTxo normebs, xolo nitritebis ionebis koncentracia aWarbebs wyalSi
Tevzebis sicocxlisaTvis usafrTxo dasaSveb normebs. unda aRiniSnos, rom
saqarTveloSi Cqari mdinareebis arsebobis gamo zedamxedvelobis qveS
arsebul yvela mdinareSi Jangbadis koncentracia sakmaod maRalia da
akmayofilebs yvelaze sensitiuri Tevzis jiSebisTvis dadgenil
usafrTxoebis moTxovnebs. SesaZloa, swored amis gamo saqarTveloSi wylis
dabinZureba Tevzebis daRupvis mizezi arasdros gamxdara.
sayofacxovrebo Camdinare wylebi mdinareebSi zrdis Jangbadis bioqimiuri
moTxovnilebisa (BOD) da amiakis Semcvelobas. es maCveneblebi maRalia
Cadinebis ubnebze, Semdeg ki TandaTanobiT ereva wyals da zavdeba. wylis
nimuSebSi sxva iseTi ZiriTadi damabinZureblebi, rogoricaa zedapirul-
aqtiuri nivTierebebi da saerTo naxSirwyalbadebi, aRmoCenili ar aris, rac
niSnavs imas, rom proeqtis realizebisas gadasakveTi zedapiruli wylebi
maRali saerTo xarisxiT gamoirCeva.
CvenTvis saintereso ubanze wylis dabinZurebis erTaderTi SesaZlo wyaroa
sairmes kurorti da masTan dakavSirebuli infrastruqtura. saproeqto
hidroeleqtrosadguris ubnis zemo biefSi dasaxleba da sawarmo ar
fiqsirdeba. savele monacemebi saqarTveloSi zedapiruli wylis xarisxisa
da md. wablaris wyalgamyofis Sesaxeb Zalzed mwiria. ubanze dakvirvebisas
(2012 wlis dekemberSi) mdinareze aRebuli iqna wylis nimuSi Sesamowmeblad.

maCvenebeli faqtobrivi mniSvneloba dasaSvebi zRvari
saerTo azoti, mg/l 0.93 15
saerTo fosfori, mg/l <0.02 2
spilenZi, mg/l <0.005 1
TuTia, mg/l 0.014 1
nikeli, mg/l <0.005 0.1
kadmiumi, mg/l <0.001 0.001
tyvia, mg/l <0.01 0.01
marganeci, mg/l <0.02 0.1

dakvirvebis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT, Semowmebuli maCveneblebi mocemuli
kategoriis zedapiruli wylis obieqtisTvis erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT
dadgenil dasaSveb farglebSia.
5.6. hidrogeologia
saqarTvelos hidrogeologiuri daraionebis mixedviT, sakvlevi teritoria
ekuTvnis saqarTvelos beltis kolxeTis auzebis forovani, napralovani da
86

napralovan-karstuli wylebis raions. ZiriTadi wyalSemcveli
horizontebia:
1. meoTxeuli asakis aluviur-deluviuri naleqebis wyalSemcveli
horizonti;
2. Sua da qveda miocenis wyalSemcveli horizonti;
3. paleocen-eocenuri asakis (paleogeni) naleqebis wyalSemcveli horizonti.

meoTxeuli asakis aluviur-deluviuri naleqebis wyalSemcveli kompleqsis
miwisqveSa wylebis gavrcelebis arealebi dakavSirebulia mdinareebis
rionis, cxeniswylis, noRelas, texurisa da civas xeobebTan da mimdebare
ferdobebTan. aluviuri naleqebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia riyis qviT,
kenWebiTa da TixiT. qimiuri Semadgenlobis mixedviT, wylebi
hidrokarbonatuli-kalciumiani, hidrokarbonatuli-kalciumian-magmiumiani
da kalciumian-natriumiania. wyaros debiti meryeobs 0.01-0.5 l/wm farglebSi.
wylis temperaturaa 11-18C. wyaroebi ikvebeba atmosferuli wyliT da
amitom isini cvalebadi reJimiT xasiaTdebian.

sur. 37. hidrologiuri rukis fragmenti

deluviuri naleqebi ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia ferdobebze da xasiaTdebian
gamofitvis Zlieri xarisxiT, amitom atmosferuli naleqebi maTSi advilad
SeRwevadia da vrceldebian maT qveS mdebare wyalgaumtar horizontze,
sadac xdeba maTi Tavmoyra, anda gamodian zedapirze wyaroebis saxiT.
qimiuri SemadgenlobiT deluviur naleqebSi arsebuli wylebi
hidrokarbonatul-sulfatur-kalciumian-magniumiania an hidrokarbonatul-
kalciumian-magniumiani. aRwerili kompleqsis wyaroebi ZiriTadad
xasiaTdebian sakmao didi debitebiT 0,2-0,7l/wamSi, Tumca zogierT maTgans
gaaCnia dabali debitebi _ 0,01-0,04l/wamSi. wylis temperatura rogorc wesi
meryeobs 10-18C farglebSi. deluviuri naleqebi ikvebeba atmosferuli da
karstuli wylebiT.
Sua da qveda miocenis asakis naleqebis wyalSemcveli kompleqsis naleqebi
ZiriTadad warmodgenilia TixebiT, alevritebiT, qviSaqvebiT, mergelebiT,
ooliTuri da pelitomorfuli kirqvebiT, agreTve komglomeratis
SuaSreebiT. sakvlev ubanze es naleqebi gadafarulia meoTxeuli naleqebiT.
napralovan-forovani da napralovani wylebi cirkulireben miocenur
87

naleqebSi, romlebic warmodgenilia qviSaqvebiT, konglomeratebiTa da
kirqvebiT. imis gamo, rom danapralianebis xarisxi sxvadasxva ubnaze
sxvadasxvaa, maTi wyalSemcvelobac farTo diapazonSi meryeobs. qimiuri
Semadgenlobis mixedviT, wylebi ZiriTadad hidrokarbonatul-sulfatur-
kalciumiani an bikarbonatul-kalciumian-magniumiania. wyaroebis debiti
meryeobs 0.02-0.1 l/wm farglebSi. wylis temperaturaa 10-18C. aRniSnuli
wyaSemcveli kompleqsis kveba ZiriTadad xdeba atmosferuli naleqebiT.
wylebi xasiaTdebian kargi TvisebebiT da gamoiyeneba adgilobrivi
mosaxleobis wyalmomaragebisaTvis.
gruntis wylis done aluviur naleqebSi 1.4-2.2 m farglebSi meryeobs. Tumca,
imis gamo, rom sakvlevi teritoria mdebareobs kolxeTis dablobze da
kerZod, mdinareebisa da mdinareebis Walebis xeobebSi, gruntis wylebis
done mniSvnelovnad icvleba sezonurad. wylis donis cvlilebam SeiZleba,
daaxloebiT 2-3 m Seadginos.
paleocen-eocenuri asakis (paleogeni) wyalSemcveli kompleqsis naleqebi
liTologiurad warmodgenilia mergelebiT, margelovani qviSaqvebiT,
mergelovani kirqvebiTa da pelitomorfuli kirqvebiT. aRniSnuli
horizonti warmodgenilia ramdenime wyalSemcveli feniT _ karstuli,
napralovan-karstuli da napralovan-Sreebrivi miwisqveSa wylebiT.
napralovan-Sreebrivi wylebis formireba ZiriTadad dakavSirebulia
paleocenis Tixovan da mergelovan kirqvebTan da eocenis mergelovan
qviSaqvebTan. qimiuri Semadgenlobis mixedviT, aRniSnuli kompleqsis
miwisqveSa wylebi sustad mineralizebulia, hidrokarbonatul-sulfatur-
kalciumian-magniumiani an hidrokarbonatul-kalciumian-magniumiania. zog
adgilze gruntis wyali gamoedineba 0.015-0.7 m/wm debitis mqone wyaroebis
saxiT. wylis temperatura Seadgens 11-16C-s. aRniSnuli kompleqsis
miwisqveSa wylebis kveba ZiriTadad xdeba atmosferuli naleqebiT da
nawilobriv, mdinareuli wylebiT. miwisqveSa wylis done 1.20-3.50 m
zedapiris donidan.
gruntis wyali vargisia sasmelad. qalaqebSi gayvanilia wyalmomaragebis
centraluri sistemebi. soflis mosaxleoba iyenebs Webs/wyaros wyals.
Rrma gruntis wylebis wyaroebi xasiaTdeba arteziuli da
naxevradarteziuli nakadebiT.

hidrogeologia xaniswyali da wablariswyali
liTologiuri Semadgenlobis mixedviT, tufogenuri Sreebi ar xasiaTdeba
miwisqveSa wylebis akumulirebisTvis xelsayreli TvisebebiT. unda
aRiniSnos, rom tufogenuri qanebidan tufobreqCiebi da tufoqviSaqvebi
ZiriTadad danapralebulia maTi araerTgvarovani Semadgenlobidan
gamomdinare, magram ar qmnian calke wyalSemcvel horizontebs.
naleqebis miwisqveSa wylebis kvebaSi wamyvan rols atmosferuli naleqebi
TamaSoben. am naleqebis kvebis are mdebareobs alpur zonaSi, sadac zeganis
dislocirebuli da danapralebuli zedapiri pirdapir SiSvldeba an
gadafarulia deluviur-proluviuri naleqebiT, romlebic xSirad wylis
rezervuaris funqcias asruleben.
88

wylis cirkulacia ZiriTadad ukavSirdeba napralebs, magram wylebi xSirad
zedapirze gamodis gruntisa da deluviuri safaridan. rogorc wesi, am
wyaroebis debiti Seadgens 0.05-0.5 l/wm-s, zogjer metsac.
cicabo ferdobebisa da Zlier danawevrebuli reliefis gamo auzebi
swrafad icleba. amdenad, tufogenuri plato ar Seicavs gruntis wylebis
mniSvnelovan marags. Catarebuli analizebi cxadyofs, rom eocenur-
vulkanogenuri qanebSi Semcveli wylebi sustad mineralizebulia; maTi
sixiste meryeobs erTeuli gradusis farglebSi. Seicaven sulfatisa da
qloris umniSvnelo raodenobas. qimiuri SemadgenlobiT, wylebi
miekuTvnebian hidrokarbonatul-kalciumian-magniumian tips. wylis
temperatura zafxulSi meryeobs 7-11C farglebSi.
deluviur-proluviuri naleqebis wylebi. es naleqebi sxvadasxva adgilze
warmodgenilia Tixnari niadagebiT, Tixnar-RorRovani da kaWar-RorRovani
masaliT. am naleqebis sifxvieris gamo isini xSir SemTxvevaSi
wyalSemcvelia. wylis Semcveloba maTSi maRali ar aris da damokidebulia
deluviur-proluviuri naleqebis ubnebze. naleqebi ZiriTadad ikvebeba
atmosferuli naleqebiTa da orTqlis kondensirebis xarjze. am
horizontebis kveba nawilobriv xdeba ZiriTadi qanebis napralovani
wylebiT. deluviur-proluviur masaSi isini qmnian wyalSemcvel linzebs,
romelTa gadakveTac mdinareTa kalapotebTan xdeba mdinaris saTaveebSi da
gamoedineba 2-5 l/wm debitis mqone wyaros saxiT.
xSirad daaxloebiT 0.05-0.3 l/wm debitis mqone wyaroebi zedapirze
gamoedineba aseTi auzebidan. am wyaroebis debiti cvalebadia. eocenur
qviSaqvebze an tufogenur naleqebze ganlagebuli deluviur-proluviuri
naleqebis wylebi mtknari da sasmelad vargisia.

sairmesa da udabnos mineraluri wylis sabadoebi
sairmes mineraluri wylis sabado mdebareobs wablariswylisa da misi
marjvena Senakadis, namarnevis, SesarTavSi sairmes kurortis teritoriaze.
CrdiloeTidan da samxreTidan naleqebi SemosazRvrulia sairmes
antiklinis gabro-monconitis plastebiT, xolo dasavleTidan da
aRmosavleTidan wablariswylisa da namarnevis xeobebis ferdobebiT.
sabados sazRvrebi wablariswylis gaswvriv Seadgens 0.5 km-s. mineraluri
wyali formirdeba Sua eocenis fenaSi maRali mTis ubanze, sabadodan
samxreTiT. wyali formirdeba daaxloebiT 2000 m siRrmeze infiltraciuli
mtknari wylis metamorfuli naxSirbadis dioqsidiTa da wyalSemcveli
qanebidan gamotutuli elementebiT gamdidrebis Sedegad. Rrma fenaSi
warmoqmnili natriumiT mdidari mineraluri wyali (borjomis tipis wyali)
miwis zedapirze amoedineba sairmes kurortis teritoriaze. sanam miwis
zedapirze amoaRwevs, aqtiuri wyalgacvlis zonaSi mas ereva mtknari
miwisqveSa wyali da meoTxeuli naleqebi da sabolood viRebT sairmes
mineralur wyals.
89

Tanamedrove aluviuri naleqebis wyalSemcveli fena

Sua eocenis vulkanogenur-danaleqi qanebis wyalSemcveli kompleqsi

sairmes gabro-monconitis plastebi

mineraluri wylis cirkulaciis zona
sur. 38. sairmes sabados hidrogeologiuri ruka

sairmes mineraluri wylis gamosavlebi mdebareobs md. wablariswylis
orive napirze, sairmes centrSi da narmanevis xeobebsa da mis marjvena
SenakadSi namarnevisxevSi.

90

udabno, romelic mdebareobs saproeqto ubanTan axlos, sairmedan 4 km-iT
aris daSorebuli da mdebareobs sairmes antiklinis samxreT ferdobze.
udabnos mineraluri wyali warmoadgens Termul, sustad sulfidur,
sulfatur, hidrokarbonatul-karbonatul, kaJbadian, kalciumian-natriumian,
tute mineralur wyals (mineralizaciiT 0.2-0.3 gr/m
3
, temperatura 43C).

wylis xarisxi
gruntis wylebis mdgomareobaze zogadad, gavlenas axdens garemos saerTo
mdgomareoba. gruntis wylebze gavlenas axdens niadagebis, zedapiruli
wylebis, garemo temperaturisa da naleqebis ekologiuri xarisxi.
ekologiuri damabinZurebeli nivTierebebi aRwevs gruntis wylebSi wylis
mimoqcevis procesSi. niadagSi arsebuli damabinZurebeli nivTierebebi
gruntis wyalSi xvdeba niadagSi CaJonil wvimis wyalTan erTad. miwisqveSa
wylebSi aseve xvdeba damabinZurebeli nivTierebebi zedapiruli wylebidan.
haerSi arsebuli damabinZureblebi, rogoricaa mtveri, ixsneba niadagze
dadinebuli wvimis wylis zemoqmedebiT da wvimis wyalTan erTad CaiJoneba
gruntis wylebSi. gruntis wylebis ekologiuri mdgomareoba didadaa
damokidebuli wyalSemcveli fenebis pirobebsa da maTi daculobis
xarisxze.
me-20 saukunis ukanasknel aTwleulebSi agroqimiuri Sxam-qimikatebis
intensiurma gamoyenebam gamoiwvia zedapiruli da gruntis wylebis
nitratebiT, nitritebiTa da pesticidebiT dabinZureba. regionebSi,
rogoricaa qvemo imereTi, mosaxleobis maRali simWidroviTa da
wyalaRebisa da wyalmomaragebis masStaburi sistemiT, gamovlinda Rrma
arteziuli wylebis dabinZurebis erTeuli SemTxvevebic.
gruntis wylebis dabinZurebas ZiriTadad adgili aqvs iq, sadac gruntis
wyali formirdeba mdinareTa inflitraciis Sedegad an sadac gruntis
wylis wyalSemcveli fenis gadatvirTvisa da mis zemoT arsebuli qanis
fenebis gamo gruntis wylebi nakleb daculia. aseTi wyalSemcveli fenebi
Zalzed sensitiuria zedapiruli wylis xarisxis mimarT, radgan isini
uSualo hidrologiur kavSirSi arian zedapirul wylebTan. amdenad,
mniSvnelovania, rom sasmelad gamoyenebuli ubani gruntis wylebis
wyaroebis garSemo iyos mkacrad daculi, radgan aseT ubnebze
damabinZureblebis arsebobam SeiZleba, ara mxolod imoqmedos wylis
xarisxsa da raodenobaze, aramed sxva usiamovno movlenebic gamoiwvios.
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces saproeqto ubanze moqceul sairmes
mineraluri wylebis sabados teritorias. wyali formirdeba TavTxel
horizontSi da masze SeiZleba, gavlena moaxdinos md. wablariswylis
xarjis cvlilebam.
gruntis wylis maragisa da xarisxis monitorings saqarTvelos mraval
regionSi xangrZlivi drois manZilze geologiis saxelmwifo departamenti
awarmoebda. 2004 wels gruntis wylebis monitoringis saxelmwifo sistema,
romelic moicavda dakvirvebis daaxloebiT 2,000 punqts, gauqmda. mas Semdeg
wylis xarisxisa da raodenobis Sefaseba licenziis mflobelebis
movaleobaa. 2008 wels resursebis saxelmwifo komisiam daamtkica qveyanaSi
gruntis wylebis resursebis saxelmwifo balansi, xolo garemos erovnulma
saagentom daiwyo gruntis wylebis eleqtronuli monacemTa bazis Seqmna.
91

5.7. haeris xarisxi
monacemebi saproeqto ubanze haeris xarisxis Sesaxeb Zalzed mwiria, Tumca
imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom zemoqmedebis mniSvnelovani wyaroebis ar
arsebobs, haeris xarisxi SeiZleba, damakmayofileblad CaiTvalos.
biobliografiaSi (meterologiuri instruqcia) miTiTebulia kavSiri haeris
xarisxsa da mosaxleobis raodenobas Soris.

cxrili 22. fonuri koncentraciis mniSvnelobebi
mosaxleobis
raodenobidan
gamomdinare
mosaxleoba
(1,000 kaci)

fonuri koncentraciis mniSvnelobebi, mg/m
3

azotis
dioqsidi, NO
2

gogirdis dioqsidi, SO
2
mxuTavi airi, CO mtveri PM10
250-125 0.03 0.05 1.5 0.2
125-50 0.015 0.05 0.8 0.15
50-10 0.008 0.02 0.4 0.1
<10 0 0 0 0

haeris xarisxis monitoringis saxelmwifo programas axorcielebs garemos
dacvis saministros garemos dacvis erovnuli saagento. haeris xarisxis
gazomvebi warmoebs xuT qalaqSi mdebare Svid mzom sadgurze: TbilisSi,
quTaisSi, baTumSi, zestafonsa da rusTavSi. am sadgurebidan sami moewyo
2009 wlis miwuruls da amdenad, winamdebare angariSSi warmodgenilia
mxolod danarCeni oTxi sadguris monacemebi.
haeris xarisxi izomeba dReSi samjer da mxolod samuSao dReebSi
(nimuSebis aReba avtomatizirebuli ar aris). TbilisSi xdeba Semdegi
damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis monitoringi: mtveri, azotis Jangi, azotisa
da gogirdis dioqsidebi da tyvia; quTaisSi: mtveri, gogirdis dioqsidi,
azotis Jangi da azotis dioqsidi; baTumSi: mtveri, azotisa da gogirdis
dioqsidebi; zestafonSi: mtveri, azotis dioqsidi, gogirdis dioqsidi da
marganecis dioqsidi. 2010 wels TbilisSi daiwyes miwis siaxloves
atmosferul fenaSi ozonis Semcvelobis monitoringi, xolo azotis Jangis
monitoringi daiwyo quTaissa da baTumSi.
saproeqto ubanze haeris dabinZurebis samrewvelo wyaroebi ar arsebobs.
sagzao transportis gamonabolqvi mcire satransporto nakadis gamo
umniSvneloa.
5.8. xmauri da vibracia
saproeqto ubani mdebareobs soflad, samrewvelo xmaurisa da vibraciis
yovelgvari wyarodan moSorebiT. satransporto moZraobiT gamowveuli
xmauri saproeqto ubanze umniSvneloa da ZiriTadad gamowveulia sairmeSi
turistebis nakadebiTa da sasoflo-sameurneo manqanebis moZraobiT.
5.9. bunebrivi safrTxeebi
bunebrivi katastrofebi zogadad, saqarTTveloSi farTomasStabiania da
xasiaTdeba maRali sixSiriT saqarTvelos rTuli geologiuri da
geografiuli pirobebidan gamomdinare. bunebrivi katastrofebis sixSire
92

ukanasknel wlebSi gaizarda, rasac miaweren klimatis globalur
cvlilebasa da adamianis zemoqmedebas bunebaze, rogoricaa tyeebis gaCexva,
saZovrebis gadaZoveba, miwis daniSnulebis Secvla Sesabamisi Sefasebis
gareSe da sxv. zogadad, informacia geologiuri safrTxeebis Sesaxeb
aiReba sacnobaro sainformacio wyaroebidan.
saproeqto wyalgamyofisTvis damaxasiaTebelia datborva. cicabo
ferdobebi, Rrma xeobebi da Tovlis dnobiT gamowveuli Camonadenebi,
romelTac aZlierebs Tbili temperatura da intensiuri naleqebi, zrdis
saproeqto da adgilobrivi teritoriis datborvis risks.

sacnobaro monacemebis Tanaxmad, saproeqto ubani xasiaTdeba:
saSualo simZlavris mewyerebiT;
Rvarcofis SezRuduli riskiT;
WarbtenianobiTa da tenianobiT;
zvavis dabali da saSualo riskiT.

wablaris saproeqto ubnis geologiisTvis damaxasiaTebelia is, rom igi
kveTs sazRvars or teqtonikur zonas Soris: didi kavkasionis naoWa
sistemasa (gagra-javis zona) da amierkavkasiis mTaTaSoris raions (azevebis
centraluri zona) Soris. mocemuli teqtonikuri beltebis sazRvarze
mdebareobis gamo saqarTvelos seismuri daraionebis mixedviT, saproeqto
ubani ganekuTvneba saSiSroebis me-8 xarisxis zonas.
wablaris ubnidan uaxloesi, udidesi seismurad aqtiuri ubania javaxeTis
zegani, romelic xasiaTdeba yvelaze xSiri da Zlieri miwisZvrebiT
saqarTveloSi, Tumca igi SemoTavazebuli ubnebidan mainc sakmarisad aris
daSorebulia. Tumca, ukanasknel wlebSi vanis raionSi ramdenime mcire
miwisZvra dafiqsirda (vanis raioni esazRvreba baRdaTis raions
dasavleTidan), ramac uSualo zegavlena moaxdina wablaris ubnebze.
kerZod, 2011 wlis 19 ianvris 5.7 magnitudis simZlavrisa da 7 balis
intensiurobis miwisZvris epicentri, romelsac mohyva ramdenime biZgi,
mdebareobda sairmedan 5-10 km manZilze da daaziana baRdaTi-sairmes
saavtomobilo gza.
93

Zalian maRali

Zalian maRali

maRali

maRali

mniSvnelovani

mniSvnelovani

saSualo

saSualo

SezRuduli

SezRuduli

dabali

dabali

Zalian dabali

Zalian
dabali

susti

riski ar
arsebobs
sur. 39. miwisZvris riskis zonebi

sur. 40. Rvarcofis riskis zonebi

Warbteniani

teniani

Zalian maRali

zomierad
notio
maRali

zomierad
mSrali
zomieri

semiariduli

dabali

ariduli

riski ar
arsebobs

gvalviani

sur. 41. gvalvisadmi midrekili raionebi sur. 42 zvavsaSiSroeba
94

sur. 43. seismuri ruka
eleqtrosadguris aigeba 8-10 m saSualo simZlavris aluviur naleqebze.
arsebuli monacemebiT, mocemuli raioni xasiaTdeba talRebis 130-170 m/wm S
siCqareebiT (Vs) pirvel 1-2 m siRrmeze da 380-680 m/wm siCqariT sageb fenamde.
pirveli fena warmodgenilia niadagiTa da gamofituli naleqebiT, xolo
meore fena warmodgenilia gamoufitavi masaliT. sagebi qanebis Vs=1660 m/wm-
s. gasaSualoebuli Vs ubanze tolia 820 m/wm-isa. Vs-Tvis gaTvaliswinebulia
talRebis saSualo S siCqare fundamentis sagebidan pirvel 30 m siRrmeze
da Sewonili sxvadasxva Vs mqone fenebis sisqis mixedviT.
kaSxlis ubanze mdgomareoba analogiuria. aq, kaSxlis SuawertilSi
aluviur naleqebis simZlavre SedarebiT didia da seismuri gardatexis
talRebis meTodiT miRebuli profilebiT Sefasebis mixedviT, 15-20 metria.
aluviuri naleqebis 2-4 m sisqis pirveli fenis Vs, romelic
gamomuSavebulia mdinaris mier, udris 210-240 m/wm-s; aluviuri naleqebis
meore fenis Vs, romelic ufro datkepnilia, udrus 630-690 m/wm-s. sagebi
qanebis Vs=1870 m/wm. gasaSualoebuli Vs30 mocemul seqtorze, gamoTvlili
pirveli fenis gareSe, romelsac ar aqvs kavSiri fundamentebTan, udris 730
m/wm-s. aseTi mdgomareobaa kaSxlis centralur nawilTan dakavSirebiT,
magram frTebze mdgomareoba gansxvavebulia. marjvena frTaze meoTxeulis
asakis naleqebi Zalian Txel fenad aris warmodgenili da SeiZleba,
CaiTvalos, rom kaSxali efuZneba uSualod qanis sageb fenas. marcxena
frTaze meoTxeuli naleqebi odnav Txelia (12-15 m). maTi Vs msgavsia
kaSxlis centralur nawilSi arsebuli mniSvnelobebisa. pirveli, 2 m sisqis
fenis Vs udris 160-210 m/wm-s, xolo meore fenis Vs meryeobs 750-990 m/wm
farglebSi. sagebi qanebis siCareebi Seadgens 1910 m/wm-s. marcxena frTis
95

ubnis Vs30, gamoTvlili pirveli fenis gareSe, romelsac ar aqvs kavSiri
fundamentebTan, udris 770 m/wm-s.
kaSxlis fundamentis ubanze aluviuri naleqebis meore fenis Vs maRali
mniSvnelobebi ucilobel ganmartebas saWiroebs. faqtiurad, 700-1000 m/wm
mniSvnelobebi maRalia Cveulebrivi meoTxeulis naleqebisTvis. es SesaZloa,
gamowveuli iyos imiT, rom kaSxlis ubanze aluviuri naleqebi Seicavs
ramdenimetrian lodebs. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom seismuri monakveTebis
sigrZe 45-50 metria, cxadia, rom 5 m-ze meti diametris mqone lodebis
arseboba SeiZleba, mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdendes saSualo seismur
siCqareze. amdenad, mocemuli naleqebisTvis yvelaze Sesaferisad SeiZleba,
CaiTvalos Vsis 700 m/wm-ze naklebi mniSvnelobebi (400-700 m/wm).
5.10. avtosatransporto moZraoba da infrastruqtura
sairmes kurortma funqcionireba 1930-ian wlebSi daiwyo. igi mdebareobs
baRdadidan 27 km-Si da quTaisidan 55 km-Si. mocemuli raioni quTaiss
ukavSirdeba abasTumani-axalcixis gziT. baRdaTisa da sairmes SemaerTebeli
gza karg mdgomareobaSia. sairmedan uaxloesi sarkinigzo sadguri rioni
ubnidan 47 km-Si mdebareobs.
kurorti, romelic popularul destinacias warmoadgenda sabWoTa
periodSi, aRorZinebis fazaSia. kurortis ganaxleba daiwyo 2011 wels
sairmes ganviTarebis kompaniis iniciativiT (samuSaoebs asrulebs
germanuli kompania krafti). garemontda Zveli sastumro da aSenda axali;
reabilitirebulia WaburRilebi, kurortis infrastrutura da gzebi
srulad rekonstruirebulia. teritoria keTilmoewyo da gamwvanda.
kurortma daibruna Zveli popularoba da maspinZlobs turistebs
TurqeTidan, samxreT kavkasiidan, ukrainidan da baltiis qveynebidan.
msoflios Tanamedrove tendenciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, udavoa, rom sairmes
kurorts mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri da sakurorto potenciali gaaCnia.
adgilmdebareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, sairme SeiZleba, gamoyenebuli iqnas
qveda kavkasionis alpuri zonis turistul kurortadac.
kurortis/mineraluri wyaros ganviTarebis proeqti erT-erT prioritetad
aris miCneuli da finansdeba saerTaSoriso investiciebiT.
mocemul raionSi kidev erT mniSvnelovan kurorts udabno warmoadgens
(sur. 44), romelic mdebareobs sairmedan qvemoT, 5 km-Si. kurorti udabno
cnobilia miwaSi did siRrmeze mdebare wyalSemcveli fenidan gamomavali
sulfiduri Termuli mineraluri wyliT (wylis temperatura +43C).

96

sur. 44. kurorti sairme

sur. 45. udabnos mineraluri wyaro
centraluri wyalmomarageba arsebobs mxolod municipalitetis qalaqebSi.
soflebSi ar aris sakanalizacio sistema. baRdaTsa da sairmeSi gayvanilia
wyalmomaragebis centraluri sistema, romelic iyenebs zedapiruli wylis
maragebs. sairmesa da udabnoSi gayvanilia sakanalizacio sistema, romelic
aRWurvilia gamwmendi nagebobiT.
gazmomaragebas uzrunvelyofs Sps sokar enerji jorjia-s (dafuZnebuli
azerbaijanis respublikis navTobis saxelmwifo kompaniis mier) qaliSvili
kompania Sps sokar jorjia gazi.
sairmesa da saproeqto ubanze sxva dasaxlebebs emsaxureba 35 kv maRali
Zabvis gadamcemi xazi.

97

5.11. landSafti
imereTis landSafti mravalferovania da warmodgenilia rogorc notio
subtropikurli, ise alpuri mdeloebiT, mTebiT, zeganebiTa da dablobebiT.
dagegmili hesis adgilmdebareobaze Warbobs erTmaneTisgan Rrma xeobebiT
gamoyofili mTebi. tyeebi did farTobs ikavebs mocemul teritoriaze.
tyeebi SemoTavazebuli wablaris hesebis wyalgamyofis maxloblad
saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSia. sasoflo-sameurneo miwebi warmodgenilia
baRebiT, xexilis baRebiT, venaxebiTa da simindis yanebiT.
aq gavrcelebuli landSaftis ZiriTadi tipebia:
vake-borcviani reliefi subtropikuli, notio. kolxeTis dablobi
landSaftebi daWaobebuli murynariT, spagnumiani WaobebiTa da winamTis
landSaftebiT rcxilnar-muxnariT, romelic monacvleobs wiflnar-
wablnarian, muxnar-Zelqva da polidominantur tyesTan maradmwvane
qvetyiT;
mTis landSafti Tbo-zomieri notio. dabali mTis kolxuri
landSaftebi rcxilnar-muxnariT da rcxilnar-wiflnar-wablnariT
ZiriTadad maradmwvane qvetyiT, nawilobriv muxnar-fiWvnariT;
saSualo mTis kolxuri landSaftebi wiflnarebiT, ZiriTadad
maradmwvane qvetyiT;
mTis landSafti civi zomieri kavkasiis Sua mTis landSaftebi
wiflnar-muqwiwvovani da muqwiwvovani (naZvisa da soWis) tyeebiT,
nawilobriv maradmwvane qvetyiT;
maRali mTis mdelo kavkasiuri subalpuri landSaftebi mdeloebis,
maRalbalaxovani sazogadoebebis, subalpuri tyeebisa da rayebis
kombinaciiT.
landSafti saproeqto ubanze warmodgenilia Sua mTis zonis eroziul-
denudaciuri wiflnariT (36) (sur. 47). misi statusi praqtikulad ucvlelia
(sur. 46).

36 - Sua mTis zonis eroziul-denudaciuri
wiflnari
praqtikulad ucvleli (muqi mwvane);
mcired Secvlili (Ria mwvane), Ria wiTeli
(Zlier Secvlili); muqi wiTeli
(mniSvnelovnad Secvlili).
sur. 46. landSaftebi sur. 47. landSaftis statusi

98

5.12. flora
saproeqto ubnis landSafti ZiriTadad mTebiT aris warmodgenili,
romlebsac erTmaneTisgan Rrma xeobebi hyofs. tyeebi did farTobs ikavebs
mocemul teritoriaze. tyeebi SemoTavazebuli hesebis wyalgamyofis
maxloblad saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSia.
tipiuri reliqturi fitocenozis xvedriTi wili saqarTvelos floraSi
mcirea. kolxuri tye warmodgenilia sami sartyeliT tye, subalpuri da
alpuri.
tyis sartyeli moicavs mesxeTis qedis winamTebs, dabal da saSualo mTebs
(1800-1850 m zRvis donidan).

tyis sartyeli SeiZleba, daiyos sam qve-sartyelad:
Sereuli foTolmcveni tyis qve-sartyeli (900-1000 m zRvis donidan);
rcxilnaris qve-sartyeli (900-1000 m-dan 1350-1500 m-mde zRvis donidan);
muqwiwvovani tyis qve-sartyeli (1400-1800 m zRvis donidan).

baRdaTis raionis mniSvnelovani nawili ukavia bunebriv kolxur tyes. xis
dominanturi jiSebia: naZvi (Picea orientalis); soWi (Abies nordmaniana); fiWvi (Pinus
kochiana); ifani (Fraxinus excelsior); wifeli (Fagus orientalis); aryi (Betuta pendula); TeTri
nekerCxali (Acer pseudoplatanus); rcxila (Carpinus betulus); wabli (Castanea sativa);
cacxvi (Tilia caucasica); Tela (Ulmus glabra, Ulmus elliptica) ; muxa (Quercus imeretina);
nekerCxali (Acer laetum & Acer campestre) da Zalzed iSviaTad urTxeli (Taxus
baccata).
99

sur. 48. a naZvi (Picea orientalis); b - soWi (Abies nordmaniana); g muryani (Alnus
barbata)

tyeebSi izrdeba Semdegi jiSis buCqebi: Sqeri (Rhododendron ponticum), baZgi (Ilex
aquifolium), wyavi (Laurocerasus officinalis), jagrcxila (Carpinus orientalis), mocvi
(Vaccinium myrtillus), Cveulebrivi Sindi (Cornus mas), zRmartli (Mespilus germanica),
Txili (Corylus avellana), mayvali (Rubus spp.), mocvi (Rubus idaeus) (saqarTvelos
enciklopedia, 1984 w.).
saproeqto ubanze (700-400 m zRvis donidan) gabatonebulia
farTofoTlovani tye. mocemul ubanze registrirebuli ZiriTadi
saxeobebia: wabli (Castanea sativa), wifeli (Fagus orientalis), rcxila (Carpinus
caucasica). sxva saxeobebidan farTod aris gavrcelebuli cacxvi (Tilia
caucasica), muryani (Alnus barbata). muryanis meoreuli mcenareuloba gvxvdeba
100

mdinaris napirebze da degradirebul- da erodirebulniadagian cicabo
ferdobebze. reliqturi kolxuri fitocenozi am ubanze naklebad gxvdeba.
Tumca, qvetyeSi dRemde izrdeba wyavi (Laurocerasus officinalis), Sqeri (Rhododendron
ponticum), baZgi (Ilex colchica), suro (Hedera colchica), Tagvisara (Ruscus hypophyllum),
kavkasiuri mocvi (Vaccinium arctostaphylos), ieli (Rhododendrom luteum). reliqturi
balaxeulobidan farTodaa gavrcelebuli wbila (Festuca montana) da tyis
CitisTvala (Asperula odorata). Sereuli tyeebi, kerZod, mTiswinebSi, Zlier
saxecvlilia tyis ukontrolo Cexvis gamo da zogierT ubanze maT adgils
ikavebs buCqnari, mdeloebi da gvimrebi.
5.13. fauna
saqarTvelo mdidaria biomravalferovnebiT, Tumca, samwuxarod, mravali
jiSisa da ekosistemis ricxobrioba Semcirebis tendenciiT xasiaTdeba.
CvenTvis saintereso regionis fizikur-geografiuli mravalferovneba da
sxvadasxva landSafturi zonebis arseboba ganapirobebs regionSi faunis
mravalferovnebas.
cocxali buneba warmodgenilia TiTqmis yvela sistemuri kategoriiT,
dawyebuli uxerxemloebiTa da ZuZumwovrebiT damTavrebuli. droTa
manZilze regionSi fauna mniSvnelovnad Seicvala erTis mxriv, mravali
saxeoba gaqra da meores mxriv, mravali iseTi ucxo saxeoba, rogoricaa
magaliTad, nutria (Myocastor coypus) dRes adaptirebulia adgilobriv
pirobebTan.

baRdaTis raionSi gavrcelebuli saxeobebi:
sazogadod miRebuli
saxelwodeba/
Common name
laTinuri
saxelwodeba/ Latin
name
saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi
Setanili saxeobebi
(statusi: RE iSviaTi; EN-
safrTxis qveS myofi; VU-
mowyvladi)
ZuZumwovrebi
mura daTvi Ursus arctos RE
arCvi Rupicapra rupicapra EN
wavi Lutra lutra VU
mgeli Canis lupus
tura Canis aureus
Sveli Capreolus capreolus
gareuli Rori Sus scrofa
mela Vulpes vulpes
kverna Martes martes, M. foina
maCvi Meles meles
bocveri Lepus europaeus
qvewarmavlebi
ankara Cveulebrivi Natrix natrix; Natrix
besselata

eskulapis mcuravi Elaphe longissima
spilenZa Coronella austriaca
rqosani gvelgesla Vipera ammodytes
kavkasiuri gvelgesla Vipera kaznakovy EN
boxmeWa Anguis fragilis
101

aWaruli xvliki Darevskia mixta VU
xvliki Darevskia deryugini
qarTuli xvliki Darevskia rudis
Waobis evropuli ku Emus orbicularis
amfibiebi
mwvane evropuli gombeSo Bufo viridis
kavkasiuri jvarosana Pelodytes caucasicus
vasaka Hyla savignyi
tbis bayayi Rana rididunda
kavkasiuri salamandra Mertensiella caucasica VU

mezofiluri uxerxemloebi dafiqsirebulia mTis tyis sartyelSi.
xsenebul ekosistemebsa da biotipebSi aseve, gxvdeba nematodebi, miwis
Wiayelebi, wurbelebi, moluskebi, kibosnairebi, fexsaxsriani uxerxemloebi
da mwerebi.

wyalgamyofis ubanze SedarebiT gavrcelebulia frinvelebis Semdegi
saxeobebi:
arwivi (Aguila chrysaetus), orbi (Gyps fulvus fulvus), Savi Zera (Milvus migrans), qori
(Accipiter gentilis), mimino (Accipiter nisus), bu (Strix aluco), Cxikvi (Garrulus glandarius),
niblia (Fringilla coelebs). mwyeri (Coturnix coturnix), tyis qaTami (Gallinago gallinago), ixvi
(Anas plathyrhynchos), RalRa (Crex crex), gedi (Cygnus olor), gareuli mtredi (Columba
palumbus), Savi yvavi (Turdus merula), CxarTvi (Turdus viscivorus), kodala (Dendrocopos
spp.), maRal mTebSi gxvdeba kavkasiuri SurTxi (Tetrao gallus caucasicus) da
kavkasiuri roWo (Tetrao mlokosiewiszi). zafxulobiT regionSi gvxvdeba
mobudari frinvelebic.
5.14. mtknari wylis habitatebi da biomravalferovneba
arsebuli cnobebiT, md. xaniswyalSi gavrcelebulia Tevzis Semdegi
saxeobebi:
sazogadod miRebuli
saxeli/
Common name
laTinuri dasaxeleba/
Latin name
saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi
Setanili saxeobebi
(statusi: RE iSviaTi; EN-safrTxis
qveS myofi; VU-mowyvladi)
Wanari Barbus capito, Barbus tauricus
gvelana Cobitis taenia satunini
kalmaxi Salmo fario EN
zuTxi Acipenser gldenstdti colchicus EN
karasi Carassus carassus
kefali Mugil cephalus
goWa (kobri) Cyprinus carpio
kolxuri tobi Chondrostoma colchicum
Rorjo Gobius cephalarges Constructor
qaSapi Leuciscus cephalus orientalis

literatura md. xaniswyalSi arsebuli Tevzebis jiSebis Sesaxeb ramdenime
aTwleulis win aris damuSavebuli. mas Semdeg am mdinareSiYTevzis
saxeobebze monitoringi ar Catarebula. amdenad, rTulia imis zustad Tqma,
binadrobs Tu ara Tevzis yvela zemoCamoTvlili saxeoba sakvlev ubanze.
102

Tevzis saxeobebis nimuSebis aRebas unda iTvaliswinebdes teqnikur-
ekonomikuri dasabuTeba da garemosdacviTi Sefaseba. mdinareSi mobinadre
Tevzis ZiriTadi saxeobebis tofobis periodebi mocemulia cxrilSi qvemoT.
sacnobaro informaciaze dayrdnobiT da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis
gamokiTxvis Tanaxmad, md. wablariswyali naklebad mdidaria Tevzis
saxeobebiT. ZiriTadi saxeobebia kalmaxi, Wanari da evropuli qaSapi.
5.15. xmeleTis habitatebi da biomravalferovneba
saqarTvelo didi biomravalferovnebiT xasiaTdeba rogorc regionaluri,
ise globaluri TvalsazrisiT. saqarTvelo, rogorc kavkasiis eko-
regionaluri nawili, aRiarebulia biomravalferovnebis erT-erT kerad.
kavkasiis eko-regioni veluri bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis (WWF) mier
Setanilia biomravalferovnebis 200 keraTa ricxvSi. saqarTveloSi ZiriTadi
biomebia: Walis tyeebi, naxevradudabnoebi, stepebi, ariduli meCxeri tyeebi,
foTolmcveni, wiwvovani da Sereuli tyeebis biomebi, subalpebi, alpebi,
subnivaluri da nivaluri biomebi, liamplebi da Sida wylebi.
mdebareobisa da fizikur-klimaturi mravalferovnebidan gamomdinare,
saqarTvelos gansakuTrebiT mdidari da mravalferovani flora gaaCnia
zomieri sartyelis sxva qveynebTan SedarebiT. kavkasiis regionebSi
registrirebulia 6,350 WurWlovani mcenare, saidanac saqarTveloSi 4,100
saxeobaze meti izrdeba. saqarTveloSi izrdeba 300-ze meti saxeobis
qveynisTvis endemuri WurWlovani mcenare da kavkasiis 600-ze meti endemi.
garda amisa, saqarTvelos floris 21% maRalendemuri saxeobebiT aris
warmodgenili. 16 saxeoba qveynisTvis endemuri an subendemuria.
saqarTvelo kulturuli mcenareebis mravalferovnebis erT-erTi centria.
aq gamoyvanilia venaxis, xorblisa da xilis sxvadasxva gamorCeuli
saxeobebi.
saqarTvelos faunis mravalferovneba sxvadasxva bunebrivi pirobebiT aris
gamowveuli. saqarTvelos mtknar wylebSi 80-ze meti saxeobis Tevzi
binadrobs, romelTagan bevri endemuria. Savi zRvis auzSi binadrobs
zuTxis 5 saxeoba, romelTagan erTi Acipenser sturio gadaSenebis safrTxis
winaSe myofi saxeobaa. saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia amfibiebis 12 saxeoba,
qvewarmavlebis 50 saxeoba da frinvelebis 300-ze meti saxeoba. kolxeTis
dablobi (sanapiro zolisa da paliastomis tbis CaTvliT) da javaxeTis
zeganis tbis ekosistemebi gadamfreni frinvelebis dasvenebisa da
gamozamTrebis mniSvnelovan ubnebs warmoadgens. frinvelis 3 saxeoba
kavkasiis endemia: kavkasiuri roWo (Tetrao mlokosiewiczi), kavkasiuri SurTxi
(Tetrao mlokosiewiczi) da kavkasiuri bulbula (Phylloscopus lorenzi).
saqarTveloSi dafiqsirebulia 100-ze meti saxeobis ZuZumwovari. 2005 wels
mTavrobis brZanebulebiT miRebuli iqna mravalferovnebis erovnuli
strategia da moqmedebis gegma saqarTvelos florisa da faunis
konservaciis mizniT. dokumentSi mocemulia qveynis unikaluri
biomravalferovnebis dacvisa da mdgradi gamoyenebis 10-wliani erovnuli
strategia da konkretuli moqmedebebis 5-wliani gegma strategiis miznebis
misaRwevad. 2006 wels miRebuli iqna saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa.
103

arsebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, saproeqto ubanze gavrcelebulia
saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi Setanili ramdenime saxeoba (ix. paragrafebi
5.12-5.13).
saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis dacvisa da konservaciis mTavar
saSualebas daculi teritoriebis sistemis Seqmna warmoadgens. saproeqto
ubanTan yvelaze axlos mdebare daculi teritoriebia ajameTis bunebrivi
nakrZali da borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parki (ix. paragrafi 5.17).
biomravalferovnebis monitoringis ararseboba aferxebs dacvis zomebis
efeqturad dagegmvasa da ganxorcielebas. amJamad SemuSavebis procesSia
monitoringis erovnuli sistema. SemuSavebulia monitoringis sistemis
erovnuli indikatorebi da mocemul etapze dgindeba monacemTa Segrovebis
meTodebi. biomravalferovnebis monitoringis monacemebi xelmisawvdomi
gaxdeba specialurad Seqmnili internet resurs-centris meSveobiT.
5.16. ekosistemebi
saqarTvelos landSafti da klimati gansazRvravs ekosistemebis
mravalferovnebas. ZiriTad ekosistemebs warmoadgens tyeebi, mtknari wyali
da Waobebi, sazRvao da sanapiro raionebi, maRali mTa, naxevradudabnoebi
da stepebi. qveynis teritoriis mesamedze meti dafarulia foTolmcveni da
wiwvovani tyiT, romelic mdidaria endemuri da iSviaTi saxeobebiT. aseT
teritorias ekuTvnis CvenTvis saintereso teritoriis didi nawili.
mravalferovnebiTa da mocemuli regionisTvis unikaluri saxeobebis
mravalricxovnebiT gansakuTrebiT gamorCeulia kolxeTis refugiumi,
dasavleT kavkasiis kirqvuli ubnebi da maRali mTis mcenareulobis
kompleqsebi.
tyis ekosistemebi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania saqarTveloSi
biomravalferovnebis konservaciis TvalsazrisiT, radgan tyeebi faravs
qveynis teritoriis TiTqmis 40%-s da amasTan, warmoadgens mravali
mcenarisa da cxovelis, maT Soris endemuri da gadaSenebis safrTxis qveS
myofi saxeobis mniSvnelovan habitatebs. saqarTvelos tyis ekosistemebs
pirvel rigSi safrTxes uqmnis xeebis ukontrolo Wra SeSis damzadebis
mizniT, tyis parazitebiT miyenebuli ziani da tyeSi gaCenili xanZrebi.
saqarTveloSi iseve, rogorc evropis mraval qveyanaSi, ekonomikis
ganviTareba did gavlenas axdens sanapiro tyeebze, romlebic saqarTvelos
biomravalferovnebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi komponentia da
warmoadgens mravali saxeobis biologiur derefansa da TavSesafars. dRes
sanapiro tyeebi ZiriTadad calkeuli fragmentebis saxiT aris
warmodgenili.
mtknari wylis ekosistemebi (mdinareebi, tbebi, daWaobebuli teritoriebi,
xelovnuri wyalsacavebi) saqarTvelos landSaftebis damaxasiaTebeli
komponentebia. gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa kolxeTis dablobi da
paliastomis tba, romlebic daculia kolxeTis erovnuli parkis
teritoriaze da qobuleTis bunebrivi nakrZali da aRkveTili.
kolxeTis dablobis Waobis ekosistemebi aseve, mravali frinvelis
mniSvnelovan habitats warmoadgens. aq registrirebulia 300-mde saxeobis
frinveli. mocemuli teritoria warmoadgens gadaSenebis saqarTvelos
wiTel nusxaSi Sesuli, safrTxis qveS myofi saxeobebis mniSvnelovan
104

habitats. kolxeTis dablobis sanapiro zoli gadamfreni frinvelebis
mniSvnelovan ubans warmoadgens (ramsaris ubani).
saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia mtknari wylis Tevzis 80-ze meti saxeoba.
mtknari wylis Tevzebis umetes saxeobaTa konservaciis statusi ar aris
dadgenili. Tevzebis ekosistemebi gansakuTrebuli zewolis qveS imyofeba
wylis resursebis aramdgradi ganviTarebis gamo.
5.17. daculi teritoriebi
mocemul regionSi ZiriTadi daculi teritoriebia: ajameTis aRkveTili da
borjomi-xaragaulis erovnuli parki.
ajameTis aRkveTili mdebareobs quTaisidan 15 km manZilze, rionis
dablobze da moicavs sam masivs: ajameTs, varcixesa da svirs. ajameTis
aRkveTilis saerTo farTobia 4,848 ha, saidanac 4,738 ha tyiT aris
dafaruli. aRkveTili varcixis dasaxlebidan 1,5 km-iT aris daSorebuli.
aRkveTilis teritoria gadaWimulia daaxloebiT 13 km-ze aRmosavleTidan
dasavleTiT. misi saSualo sigane 3 km-ia da yvelaze farTo adgilas misi
sigane 5 km-s aRwevs. aRkveTilis teritoria agebulia miocenis, oligocenisa
da eocenis asakis naleqebiT. aseve, warmodgenilia tbiur-aluviuri
warmoSobis meoTxeulis myari da webovani Tixa.
ajameTis aRkveTili 1946 wels Seiqmna isTi iSviaTi reliqtebis dacvis
mizniT, rogoricaa imeruli muxa (Quercus imeretina) da kavkasiuri Zelqva
(Zelkova carpinifolia). tyeebi faravs aRkveTilis 4,738 ha-s. ajameTis tyis
originaluroba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom kolxeTis dablobze es TiTqmis
erTaderTi adgilia, sadac Semonaxulia Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebi
Tavdapirveli saxiT. ajameTis tye gamorCeulia imeruli muxisa da Zelqvis
pirvandeli saxiT Semonaxuli wminda koromebiT. zogierTi xe 250 welze
meti asakisaa da aq Zalzed bevria saukunovani muxebi. muxnari faravs 4,273
heqtars, rcxila (Carpinus) 93 heqtars, jagrcxila (Carpinus orientalis) 23
heqtars. dendroflora warmodgenilia 60 saxeobiT. aq izrdeba jagrcxila
da nekerCxali (Acer). qvetye meCxeria da warmodgenilia SqeriT (Rhododendron
ponticum), zRmartliT (Mespilus germanica), askiliTa (Rosa canina) da kuneliT
(Crataegus).
saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi Sesuli saxeobebidan ajameTis aRkveTilSi
gvxvdeba: pastuxovis suro (Hedera pastuchowii), Txili (Corylus iberica), Tela (Ulmus
foliacea), Teladuma (Ulmus elliptica), kavkasiuri lafani (Pterocarya pterocarpa), kakali
(Juglans) da sxv. imeruli muxa (Quercus imeretina) da Zelqva (Zelkova carpinifolia)
mesameuli periodis iSviaTi saxeobebia.
ajameTi Raribia cxovelebisa da frinvelebis saxeobebiT. ZuZumwovrebidan
gvxvdeba bocveri, wiTeli mela, tura, ciyvi, TriTina, Zilguda da maCvi.
ajameTSi yvelaze didi cxovelia Sveli. ajameTis aRkveTilSi gvxvdeba
saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi Setanili Semdegi saxeobebi: leisleris
mRamiobi (Nyctalus leisleri), kavkasiuri ciyvi (Sciurus anomalus), Cveulebrivi
Zilguda (Muscardinus avellanarius), tyis Zilguda (Dryomys nitedula) da kavkasiuri
wavi (Lutra lutrameridionalis).
105

sur. 49. wablaris saproeqto raioni uaxloesi daculi teritoriebi

ajameTis aRkveTilSi 60-ze meti frinvelis saxeobaa aRnusxuli, romelTagan
21 budobs muxnarSi, xolo danarCeni saxeobebi ajameTis teritoriaze
Cndeba gadafrenis an gamozamTrebis periodSi.
amfibiebidan aq gvxvdeba tritonis erTi saxeoba, evraziuli tboris bayayi
(Pelophylax ridibundus), kavkasiuri gombeSo (Bufo verrucosissimus) da mwvane gombeSo
(Bufo viridis), xolo reptiliebidan gvxvdeba wylis ankara (Natrix tessellata) da
Cveulebrivi ankara (Natrix natrix).
ajameTsa da mis mimdebare teritorias sakmaod kargi turistuli
potenciali gaaCnia. garda kulturuli da arqeologiuri turebisa, sairmesa
da zekaris uReltexilisken avtomobiliTa da saTavgadasavlo turistuli
turebic sakmaod warmatebuli iqneba. aseve, SesaZlebelia sacxenosno,
fotografiuli, video, ekologiuri da berd voCingis (frinvelebze
dakvirvebis) turebis organizeba. mezoblad mdebare quTaisSi kargad aris
ganviTarebuli ojaxuri sastumroebis qseli, sadac turistebs sTavazoben
xarisxian sakvebsa da komfortul akomodacias winaswari dajavSvniT.

borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parki saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisi
pirveli erovnuli parkia kavkasiaSi. igi darsda 1995 wels, xolo
oficialurad gaixsna 2001 wels. farTobis gaTvaliswinebiT, parki erT-erTi
saukeTesod daculia teritoriaa evropaSi. 2007 wels borjom-xaragaulis
erovnuli parki gawevrianda evropis daculi teritoriebis qselSi (Pan
106

Parks), rac am daculi teritoriis umaRles doneze dacvisa da turizmis
mdgradi ganviTarebis garantiaa.
geologiuri TvalsazrisiT, borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parki miekuTvneba
mcire kavkasionis mTebis naoWa sistemas da moicavs aWara-TrialeTis naoWa
zonis centralur qvezonas. raioni ZiriTadad agebulia qveda eocenis e.w.
borjomis fliSis naleqebiT: mergelovani TixebiT, mergelebiT, kirqvuli
qviSaqvebiTa da mergelovani kirqvebiT; mis agebulebaSi aseve, monawileobs
oligocenisa da neogenis asakis naleqebi da vulkanuri naleqebis
formaciebi.
erovnuli parki moicavs teritoriebs, romlebic warmoadgens saqarTvelos
zogierTi istoriuli regionis sasazRvro nawils. parki ganfenilia Toris,
imereTisa da samcxes teritoriebze. misi saerTo farTobi Seadgens
daaxloebiT 61,235 heqtars.
borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis xaragaulis nawilSi arsebuli tyeebi
warmodgenilia muqwiwvovani, foTolmcveni da Sereuli tyeebiT. Sereuli
foTolmcveni tyeebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia wablis (Castanea sativa),
wifelis (Fagus orientalis), rcxilis (Carpinus orientalis), kavkasiuri cacxvis (Tilia
begoniifolia), kolxuri muxis (Quercus hartwissiana), dekasa (Rhododendron caucasica) da
murynis (Fraxinus excelsior) xeebiT.
simaRlis matebasTan erTad erTi foTolmcveni tye icvleba meoreTi: zog
adgilas wiflnari icvleba Sereuli foTolmcveni tyeebiT kolxuri tipis
qvetyiT, xolo kidev ufro zemoT rcxilis koromebiT, wiflisa da
wablis koromebiT, soWis koromebiTa da vercxlisferi naZvis koromebiT.
borjomis xeobaSi gavrcelebulia wiwvovani tyeebi, maT Soris soWis
koromebi, vercxlisferi naZvis koromebi da soWisa da vercxlisferi naZvis
Sereuli koromebi.
tyis sartyelis zeda zonebSi dominirebs soWisa da vercxlisferi naZvis
koromebisa da vercxlisferi naZvis koromebis muqwiwvovani tyeebi, romelTa
SemadgenlobaSic Sedis aRmosavleTis soWi (Picea orientalis), kavkasiuri soWi
da fiWvi (Pinus sosnowskyi). subalpur sartyelSi gavrcelebulia subalpuri
tyeebi da buCqnari, subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba da mdeloebi.
borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis teritoriaze izrdeba saqarTvelos
wiTel nusxaSi Setanili iseTi endemuri da iSviaTi jiSebi, rogoricaa:
wabli (Castanea sativa), kolxuri muxa (Quercus hartwissiana), urTxeli (Taxus baccata),
stevenis iordasalami (Paeonia steveniana) da vinogradovis zambaxi (Iridodictyum
winogradowii).
borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis fauna mravalferovania. erovnuli
parkis silamaze swored misi ZuZumwovari binadrebiTaa ganpirobebuli. aq
did xorcismWamel cxovelebidan gavrcelebulia ruxi mgeli (Canis lupus),
focxveri (Lynx lynx) da mura daTvi (Ursus arctos). rqosani cxovelebidan
erovnuli parkis teritoriaze xSirad Cndeba Sveli (Capreolus capreolus) da
gareuli Rori (Sus scrofa). borjomis xeoba yovelTvis cnobili iyo kavkasiuri
keTilSobili irmebis (Cervus elaphus) populaciebiT. borjom-xaragaulis
erovnul parkSi irmebis raodenoba 140-s aRwevda. niamori (Capra aegagrus)
adgilobriv kldeebze binadrobda uZvelesi droidan, Tumca dResdReobiT
aq mxolod Semoyvanili niamorebi gvxvdeba, romlebic Camoyvanilia
107

mezobeli somxeTidan borjom-xaragaulis administraciisa da veluri
bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis (WWF) daxmarebiT. parkSi mobinadre
ZuZumwovrebis didi nawili saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSia Sesuli.
mcire zomis ZuZumwovrebidan parkSi binadrobs Tagvebis, Zilgudas,
dedofalas, tyis kvernas, TeTryela kvernasa da kavkasiuri ciyvis ramdenime
saxeoba. TiTqmis yvelgan gvxvdeba wiTeli mela (Vulpes vulpes) da bocveri
(Lepus europaeus).
qvewarmavlebidan erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gvxvdeba xvlikisa da
gvelis ramdenime saxeoba. maT Soris aRsaniSnavia kavkasiuri jojo (Laudakia
caucasica) da xmelTaSuazRveTis ku (Testudo graeca).
borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis mkvidri frinvelebidan gamoirCeva
Semdegi iSviaTi jiSebi: mTis arwivi (Aquila chrysaetos), orbi (Gyps fulvus), svavi
(Aegypius monachus) da kavkasiuri roWo (Tetrao mlokosiewiczi).
sicocxle da tradiciebi borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis mimdebare
teritoriaze saocrad mravalferovania, rac gamoixateba saintereso
eTnografiul mravalferovnebaSi da aZlierebs vizitorebis
STabeWdilebebs.
zemoT aRwerili arc erTi daculi teritoria ar xvdeba proeqtis
zemoqmedebis ubanze.
5.18. demografiuli da socialur-ekonomikuri sakiTxebi
monacemebi socialuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb mopovebuli iqna saxelmwifo
(statistikis departamenti) da proeqtis monawileTa kerZo wyaroebidan
yvela SesaZlo erovnul, administraciul, regionalur da raionul
doneze.

baRdaTis municipalitetis monacemebi:
mosaxleoba: 29451
teritoria (farTobi): 815 km
2

dasaxleba: qalaqi: 1. sofeli: 22
ojaxebis raodenoba: 10481

eTnikuri Semadgenloba

qarTveli: 99.5% ukraineli: 0.02%
rusi: 0.3% sxva: 0.02%
somexi: 0.1%

mowyvladi mosaxleoba
pensionerebi da siRaribis
zRvars qvemoT myofi
mosaxleoba:
14619 (sul)
pensionerebi: 8367
siRaribis zRvars qvemoT
myofi mosaxleoba
2075 ojaxi
martoxela dedebi: 15
mravalSviliani ojaxebi: 97
veteranebi: 219
ltolvilebi: 401
ekonomikuri saqmianoba: mrewveloba, mSenebloba, soflis meurneoba, momsaxureoba
samrewvelo dargebi: sairmes mineraluri wylis qarxana (Sps sairmes
mineraluri wylebi da igrika 97), satyeo meurneobebi
108

wyliT mosargebleebi:
Tevzis qarxnebi, xanis hesi, dimi-rikoTi-dedvela-varcixis
sarwyavi sistema, wylis wisqvilebi wiTelxevSi, roxSi,
rikoTSi, zeganSi, xanSi, sakraulaSi.
soflis meurneoba:
saerTo saxnavi miwa: 19089 ha
kerZo: 6279 ha
saxelmwifo: 12810 ha
regionis gegmiuri ganviTareba (5-10 weli):
baRdaTis wyalmomaragebis sistemis reabilitacia
saTave nagebobisa da wylis magistralis CaTvliT
baRdaTSi kanalizaciis mowyoba
quTaisi-baRdaTi-abasTumani-benaras gzis reabilitacia
adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis gzebis reabilitacia
mimdinare proeqtebi
sairmes kurortis SemovliTi gzis mSenebloba
sairmes kurortis infrastruqturisa da pansionatis
reabilitacia
satanvarjiSo darbazis mSenebloba baRdaTSi
adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis gzebis reabilitacia
jandacvis dawesebulebebi:
samedicino dawesebuleba: 1 raionuli da 12 ambulatoruli saavadmyofo.

saproeqto ubanTan yvelaze axlos mdebareobs sairmesa da udabnos
kurortebi, romelTagan arc erTSi mudmivi mosaxleoba ar aris.
5.19. kulturuli resursebi
saproeqto ubanze arsebuli Zeglebi:
wm. giorgis eklesia (XIX s.) obCaSi;
wm. giorgis eklesia (XX s.) zemo dimSi;
wm. giorgis eklesiis naSTebi (gviani Sua saukuneebi) zeganSi;
macxovris taZari (1661 w.) sof. rokiTSi;
Sua saukuneebis cixis naSTebi sof. zekarSi;
aRdgomis taZari (Sua saukuneebi) sof. wiTelxevSi;
eklesia deviZeebis ubanSi (X s.), sof. wiTelxevi;
wm. anastasias eklesia (Sua saukuneebi) sof. wyalTaSua;
eklesia sof. varcixeSi (Sua saukuneebi);
varcixis safortifikacio kompleqsi (IV-V ss.);
qvis sawnaxeli 8 km sof. xanidan (Sua saukuneebi);
salxinos eklesia (VIII-IX ss.) baRdaTSi;
verieTis eklesia (XI s.), sof. kakasxidi;
Sua saukuneebis eklesia sof. xanSi;
dimnas cixis nangrevebi (daaxl. III s. Cv.w.aR-mde).

ajameTis nakrZalidan kilometrnaxevarze mdebareobs daba varcixe,
romelic antikuri qalaqis rodopolisis nangrevebzea aSenebuli
(rodopolisi naxsenebia me6 saukunis bizantieli istorikosi prokofi
kesarielis CanawerebSi). naqalaqaridan 4kmSi, geguTSi me11 saukuneSi
agebuli qarTvel mefeTa zamTris sanadiro sasaxlis nangrevebia.
109

borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis mimdebare teritoria mdidaria
istoriuli ZeglebiT, romelTa Sorisaa: timoTesubnis eklesia (me-13 s.),
neZvis eklesia (me-9 s.), nunisis eklesia (me-9 s.), sakvirikes bazilika sof.
dvirTan (me-10 s.), mwvane monasteri anu CiTaxevis wm. giorgis monasteri (me-9
s.), gogias cixe da petres cixe daba likanTan axlos (me-9 s.), vaxanis cixe
da oqros cixe adigenis raionSi. erovnuli parkis mimdebare teritoriaze
kidev ufro adreuli istoriuli Zeglebia ganTavsebuli, mag., brinjaos
xanis uZvelesi ciklopuri nasaxlari sof. bogasTan, brinjaos xanis
warwerebi da antikuri xanis kulturuli fenebi.
aseve, umniSvnelovanesi Zeglebia gelaTis samonastro kompleqsi (me-12 s.)
da bagratis taZari (me-11 s.), romlebic iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis
ubnebis siaSia Sesuli.
proeqtis zemoqmedebis ubanze arc erTi Zegli ar mdebareobs.

5.20. proeqtis zemoqmedebis qves myofi mosaxleoba
saproeqto ubanze mudmivi mosaxleoba ar aris. kaSxlis ubani
ganTavsebulia udabnos mineralur wyarosTan axlos, romelic sairmes
kurortis nawils warmoadgens da wyalamimRebidan 4 km-iT aris
daSorebuli. kurorti muSaobs sezonurad. proeqtis gansaxorcieleblad
saWiro gaxdeba Sps sairmes kurortis sakuTrebaSi arsebuli erTi
nakveTis gamoyeneba. am mizniT gaformdeba SeTanxmeba mesakuTresTan.

6. samuSaoTa organizeba
6.1. mobilizacia
winasamSeneblo samuSaoebSi Sedis:
droebiTi samSeneblo banakis ubnebis momzadeba garemosdacviTi
moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT;
samSeneblo narCenebis/nagvis droebiTi ganTavsebis ubnebis SerCeva;
miwis SeZena/kompensacia (saWiroebisamebr);
banakis an samSeneblo moednis mowyoba;
narCenebis marTvis gegmis SemuSaveba;
sagzao moZraobis organizaciis gegmis SemuSaveba.

mosamzadebel etapze moewyoba ori ubani, mudmivi/droebiTi misadgomi gza,
eleqtromomaragebis, wylmomaragebisa da wylis kontrolis nagebobebi,
aseve, saamqroebi, betonis qarxana, samsxvrevi da sacreli qarxana,
avtosamrecxao, meqanizmebis parkirebis ubani, masalis (cementis, armaturis,
xis masalis, liTonis konstruqciebis, sazeT-sapoxi masalebis da sxv.)
dasawyobebis ubnebi (asafeTqebeli nivTierebebisTvis moewyoba calke
sacavi) da narCenebis dasawyobebis ubnebi, ofisi, sacxovrebeli banaki da
sxva droebiTi nagebobebi.

ubnebis SerCevisas mxedvelobaSi iqna miRebuli Semdegi
rekomendaciebi/wesebi:

ubnis siaxlove samSeneblo moedanTan;
110

saWiro infrastruqturis mosawyobad Sesaferisi reliefi;
arsebul infrastruqturaze misadgomlobisa da misi gamoyenebis
SesaZlebloba;
sasmeli da teqnikuri wyalmomaragebisa da eleqtromomaragebis
uzrunvelyofis SesaZlebloba;
daSoreba mWidrod dasaxlebuli ubnebidan mosaxleobis minimalurad
Sewuxebis mizniT emisiebis, xmaurisa da satransporto moZraobis
mizeziT;
gruntisa da mcenareuli safaris minimalurad dazianeba.

SeirCa ori ubani, romlebic mocemulia suraTebze 50 da 51. ubnebis
sazRvrebi wiTlad aris moniSnuli.

wyalaRebis ubani: saerTo farTobi: 27,960m
2
, plus 4,410m
2
moedanze gansaTavsebeli
nagebobebisTvis.
eleqtrosadguris
moedani:
saerTo farTobi: 13160m
2
, plus 7390m
2
moedanze gansaTavsebeli
nagebobebisTvis.

sur. 50. wyalaRebis moednis ubani

mocemuli ubnebi mcenareulobiT mdidari ar aris. wyalaRebis moedani
esazRvreba udabnos mineraluri wyaros nagebobebs. ubnis nawili dRes ukve
saxeSecvlilia. niadagis zeda fena mocemul ubanze Txelia. proeqtis
ganxorcielebis mizniT moxdeba Sps sairmes kurortis sakuTrebaSi
arsebuli miwis nakveTis droebiT gamoyeneba.
eleqtrosadguris moednis ubanze warsulSi mSenebloba arasdros
ganxorcielebula. zemoqmedeba kerZo sakuTrebaSi arsebul miwis nakveTebze
mosalodneli ar aris. am ubanze niadagis nayofieri fenis sisqe SedarebiT
metia.

111

sur. 51. eleqtrosadguris moednis ubani

ubnebis damuSavebamde moxdeba mcenareuli safaris mocileba, niadagis zeda
fenis Semowmeba, produqtiuli fenis moxsna da droebiT dayra grovebad
samSeneblo samuSaoebis dasrulebisa da droebiTi nagebobebis aRebis
Semdeg am ukan Semotanamde da gaSlamde.
moednis dagegmvisas gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi:

masalis dasawyobebis ubani:
inertuli masala. masala, tipis mixedviT, dasawyobdeba an sawyobis
SenobaSi an Riad. dasawyobebis ubnis gegma unda uzrunvelyofdes
masalebis maragze martiv da usafrTxo misawvdomlobas. Senaxvis
moculobis gazrdisa da gamousadegari narCenebis dagrovebis
Semcirebis mizniT gakontroldeba masalis Semotana da gamoyeneba.
masalebis sawyobi moewyoba usafrTxoebisa da ekologiuri
moTxovnebis dacviT;
asafeTqebeli nivTierebebi. asafeTqebeli nivTierebebisTvis moewyoba
dasawyobebis calke Senoba. ubnebi SemoiRobeba da dawesdeba dacva.
dadgeba gamafrTxilebeli niSnebi. ubani moednis farglebSi SeirCeva
usafrTxoebis moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT;
112

sawvavis cisternis ubani daculi unda iyos gaumtari feniT niadagSi
sawvavis CaJonvis Tavidan acilebis mizniT. moewyoba meoradi cisterna
sawvavis/navTobis ZiriTad cisternaSi sawvavis maragis dacvis mizniT.
sawvavis Camosxmis ubanze moewyoba sawveTuri. sawvavis Sesanaxi ubani
da benzingasamarTi/manqana-meqanizmebis teqmomsaxureobis ubnebi
mdinaris kalapotidan daSorebuli unda iyos aranakleb 50 metrisa.

wyalmomarageba. samSeneblo samuSaoebis Sesrulebis periodSi wylis
gamoyeneba saWiro iqneba rogorc sasmel-sameurneo daniSnulebiT, ise
teqnikuri miznebiT. ubnis mdebareobis gaTvaliswinebiT moxdeba uaxloesi
wyalsatevis gamoyeneba. sasmeli wylis maragisTvis gamoyenebuli iqneba
aratoqsikuri masaliT damzadebuli (sakvebi) rezervuarebi, xolo teqnikuri
wylisTvis dasaSvebia Savi liTonis rezervuarebis gamoyeneba.
wyalze moTxovna 200 momsaxurisa da sulze dRe-RameSi 25 l wylis
moxmarebis gaTvaliswinebiT 250 dReze gaTvliT Seadgens:
200 x 25 x 250 = 1250 m
3
/weli, 5 m
3
/dRe
113

droebiTi ofisebi samSeneblo ubanze

manqana-danadgarebisa da aRWurvilobis parkirebis/dasawyobebis ubani

naTxari gruntis sacavi

masalebisa da narCenebis ganTavsebis ubnebi

droebiTi damcavi SemoRobva

samSeneblo moednis organizacia
114

amasTan, wyali saWiro iqneba SxapebisTvis. samSeneblo normebisa da wesebis
mixedviT, wylis xarji erT sulze dRe-Ramis manZilze Seadgens 500 litrs.
samjeradi Sxapis SemTxvevaSi weliwadSi wylis saerTo xarji Seadgens:
3 x 500 x 250 = 375 m
3
/weli, 1.5 m
3
/dRe.

mSeneblobis etapze weliwadSi moxmarebuli sasmeli wylis saerTo
raodenoba Seadgens 495 m
3
/weliwadSi, anu 1.96 m
3
/dReSi.

teqnikuri miznebiT SesaZlebelia zedapiruli wylebis gamoyeneba. imis
daSvebiT, rom manqanis garecxvas sWirdeba 350 l wyali, 250 samuSao dReze
gaTvliT da im angariSiT, rom dReSi gairecxeba 5 manqana, satransporto
saSualebebis gasarecxad saWiro wylis xarji Seadgens:
5 x 350 x 250 = 12.5 m
3
/wm, 0.25 m
3
/dRe.

betonis qarxnis eqspluataciisTvis wylis saWiro raodenoba damokidebulia
warmoebis moculobaze. saSualod, 50 m
3
/sT warmadobis betonis qarxana
moixmars 0.3 m
3
wyals 1 m
3
betonis narevis dasamzadeblad. Tu betonis
qarxana erT cvlaSi imuSavebs, anu 160 dRis manZilze weliwadSi, betonis
raodenoba Seadgens: 160 x 8 x 50 = 64,000 m
3
/weli. Sesabamisad, wylis saWiro
raodenoba Seadgens: 64,000 x 0.3 = 19,200 m
3
/weli.

ase rom samSeneblo banakis teqnikuri wyalmomaragebisTvis saWiro
teqnikuri wylis saangariSo raodenoba Seadgens: 19,212.5 m
3
/wels.

Camdinare wylebis nakadebi da wmendis moTxovnebi. Camdinare wylebis
nakadebSi Sedis: 1) sanitaruli Camdinare wylebi; 2) pirobiTad sufTa
Camonadeni ubnidan; 3) Camonadeni potenciurad dabinZurebuli ubnebidan
(mag., avtosamrecxaodan, betonis dozirebis ubnebidan da sxv.)

Camdinare wylis
tipi
aRweriloba marTva/wmenda
sanitaruli
Camdinare wylebi
sanitaruli Camdinare wylebis
moculoba iangariSeba
Semdegnairad: moxmarebuli sasmeli
wylis raodenobas akldeba 5%
danakargi, anu sanitaruli
Camdinare wylebis moculoba
miaxloebiT Seadgens 470 m
3
/weli,
1.9 m
3
/dRe.
arsebobs Camdinare wylebis
gadagdebis sami varianti.
wyalaRebis ubnis SemTxvevaSi
SeiZleba, ganvixiloT Camdinare
wylebis gadagdebis SesaZlebloba
udabnos sakanalizacio
sistemasTan mierTebis gziT.
alternatiuli variantebia bio-
tualetebi an sakanalizacio
ormoebi. am ukanasknelis
SemTxvevaSi Segrovili Camdinare
wylebis gatana unda moxdes
adgilobriv munipalitetTan
SeTanxmebiT.
pirobiTad sufTa
Camonadeni ubnidan
atmosferuli wylis Camonadeni
ubnidan.
wylis gadagdeba ubnidan unda
moxdes perimetrze mowyobili
sadrenaJo sistemiT. ar saWiroebs
wmendas.
Camonadeni betonis warmoebisTvis saWiro ar saWiroebs qmedebas.
115

potenciurad
dabinZurebuli
ubnebidan
wyali srulad gamoiyeneba
teqnologiur procesebSi da
amdenad, Camdinare wylebis
dagroveba ar xdeba.
avtosamrecxao samSeneblo ubanze.
Camdinare wylebis moculoba
Seadgens moxmarebuli wylis
saerTo moculobis 95%-s (5%
gansxvaveba aiReba aorTqlebisa da
sxva mizezebis gamo). Sesabamisad,
Camdinare wylebis raodenoba
Seadgens 11.9 m
3
/weli, 0,05 m
3
/dRe.
manqanis narecxi wylis
gasawmendad SeiZleba, SeirCes
odnav daxrilzedapiriani ubani,
romelzec dafenili iqneba
gaumtari fena gruntSi wylis
CaJonvis Tavidan acilebis mizniT
da romelic iqneba Semofargluli
mimdebare ubnebis dabinZurebis
Tavidan acilebis mizniT
(moewyoba saleqaris kamera da
kompaqturi zeTdamWeri
navTobproduqtebisa da myari
Setivnarebuli nawilakebis
moSorebis mizniT).
Camdinare wyalSi benzinis
naxSirwyalbadis saerTo
Semcveloba unda iyos <0.3 mg/l,
xolo Setivtivebuli nawilakebis
koncentracia 30 mg/l.

Camdinare wylebis CaSveba zedapirul wyalsatevSi dauSvebelia.

eleqtromomarageba. banakis ubnebis saerTo energosistemaSi droebiTi
CarTvis sakiTxi unda SeTanxmdes sadistribucio kompaniasTan.

narCenebi. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom erT momuSaveze wlis ganmavlobaSi
mosalodnelia grovdeba 0.7 m
3
sayofacxovrebo narCenis warmoqmna,
weliwadSi dagrovili sayofacxovrebo narCenebis saerTo raodenoba
Seadgens: 200 x 0.7 = 140 m
3
/weli.
banakSi dagrovili sayofacxovrebo narCenebis droebiT Senaxva moxdeba
saxuravian konteinerebSi frinvelebisa da cxovelebis mozidvisa da qaris
nagvis gafantvis Tavidan asacileblad. narCenebis gatana moxdeba
regularulad adgiobriv municipalitetTan gaformebuli xelSekrulebiT
SeTanxmebul nagavsayrelze.
sxva saxis narCenebis Sesagroveblad gamoiyofa calke teritoria. moxdeba
narCenebis klasificireba. jarTi (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi) sabolood
gadatanili iqneba mocemul raionSi arsebul jarTis Cambarebel punqtSi.
SesaZlebelia inertuli narCenebis meoradi gamoyeneba proeqtis miznebiT
mocemuli regionis Sesabamis organoebTan gaformebuli xelSekrulebebis
safuZvelze. rac Seexeba sxva saxis narCenebs, moxdeba maTi poligonze
ganTavseba adgilobriv municipalitetTan SeTanxmebiT.
saqarTveloSi sayofacxovrebo narCenebis Segrovebasa da gatanaze
pasuxismgebloba ekisrebaT municipalitetebs (Tumca, narCenebis gatanis
regularuli samsaxuri mxolod zogierT centralur dasaxlebaSi
arsebobs). mSeneblobis periodSi dagrovili sayofacxovrebo narCenebi
Segrovdeba da gadaitaneba uaxloes nagavsayrelze kontraqtis Tanaxmad.
SemuSavdeba da ganxorcieldeba narCenebis marTvis gegma.
116

samSeneblo masalebi
betonis ZiriTadi nagebobebis (kaSxali da masTan dakavSirebuli
konstruqciebi, eleqtrosadguri, sadawneo gvirabis mokeTeba da sxv.)
asagebad saWiro Semavseblebis miReba ZiriTadad SesaZlebelia tranSeebisa
da gvirabis eqskavaciis samuSaoebis Sedegad dagrovili masalisgan.

geologiuri daZiebis monacemebis Tanaxmad, gamonamuSevari qanebis Tvisebebi
Semdegia:
winameoTxeuli
- SesaZlebelia tufebis nawilobriv meoradad gamoyeneba
Semavseblebad. Tumca, zogierTi fena SeiZleba, garkveuli zomiT
forovani iyos, rac gamoricxavs maT gamoyenebas mSeneblobis
mizniT mTian ubnebze. savaraudod, naTxari tufebis 20-30% vargisi
iqneba betonis namzadis mosamzadeblad.
- Sreebrivi vulkanoklastitebis meoradi gamoyeneba betonis
samuSaoebze Semavseblebad SeuZlebelia maTSi alevrituli
Semadgenlobisa da maRalforovani wvrilmarcvlovani fenebis
didi raodenobiT arsebobis gamo.
- vulkanitebisa da vulkanoklastitebis meoradi gamoyeneba
Semavseblebad SeuZlebelia. maTSi fxvieri fenebis Semcveloba
kidev ufro metia, vidre Sreebriv vulkanoklastitebSi.
- porfirituli bazaltebisa da andezitebis nawilobriv meoradad
gamoyeneba Semavseblebad SesaZlebelia. es masalebi xasiaTdeba
kargi mdgradobiT abraziisa da fragmentaciisadmi. yvelaze
mniSvnelovani aris is, rom qanis mocemuli tipi nebismier
SemTxvevaSi Seicavs SedarebiT fxvieri qanebis fenebs da amdenad,
araerTgvarovania. savaraudod, am qanebis mxolod 30-40% iqneba
vargisi Semavseblebad gamosayeneblad.
- vulkanoklasturi breqCiebi araerTgvarovania mcire masStabebiT
da xSirad warmoadgens ubnebs, sadac diageneturi procesebis
Sedegad mxolod nawilobriv aris maTi sawyisi forovneba
Semcirebuli. amdenad, rekomendebulia, am qanebis gamoyenebisgan
Tavis Sekaveba Semavseblebis dasamzadeblad.
meoTxeuli naleqis erTaderTi saxeoba, romelic vargisia, rogorc Semavseblebi,
aris aluviuri naleqebi, romelTa Soris yvelaze ufro
mizanSewonilia wablaris qveda terasebis aluviuri naleqebis
gamoyeneba, radgan wablaris xeobis Sua da zeda ferdobebze
gavrcelebuli aluviuri naleqebi xSirad masStaburi gamofitviT
xasiaTdeba. wablaris gverdiTi Senakadebis aluviuri naleqebi aseve,
vargisia Semavseblebad gamosayeneblad. amdenad, ramdenadac wylis
gadagdebis sistemis zeda nawili Seicavs tranSeSi daRrmavebul
sadawneo milsadens, am ubnis Txris samuSaoebis Sedegad miiReba
garkveuli raodenobis Semavsebeli masala. Semadgenlobis
gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba, vivaraudoT, rom am naleqebis 50-70%
vargisi iqneba xelmeore gamoyenebisTvis, nawilobriv gacris Semdeg
da nawilobriv xSirad maTi Semadgeneli ramdenimetriani lodebis
damsxvrevis Semdeg, romlebic ZiriTadad Sedgeba mtkice qanebisgan.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saWiroa imaze meti Semavseblebi, vidre raodenoba,
romelic miiReba eqskavaciis Sedegad, wablaris zogierT terasaze an
misi Senakadebis aluviur maraoSi SesaZlebelia karierebis gaxsna.

samSeneblo samuSaobisTvis saWiro inertuli masala mowodebuli unda iyos
licenzirebuli karierebidan. garda amisa, SesaZlebelia am mizniT naTxari
117

masalis gamoyenebac (misi Tvisebebebis gaTvaliswinebiT). inertuli
masalebis adgilobrivi maragebis gamoyenebisTvis saWiroa winaswari kvleva
da licencia mopovebaze.
masalebis miwodeba gareSe wyaroebidan moxdeba satransporto gziT.
samuSaoebis dawyebamde SemuSavdeba transportis moZraobis marTvis gegma.
cementis mowodebas axorcielebs rusTavisa da kaspis cementis qarxnebi,
romlebic mdebareobs daaxloebiT 180 km manZilze, arc Tu karg
mdgomareobaSi myofi gzebiTa da sarkinigzo punqtebiT.
foladis mowodeba xdeba q. zestafonidan, romelic ubnidan daaxloebiT 50
km-iT aris daSorebuli.
eleqtromeqanikuri aRWurvilobis importi da mowodeba iwarmoebs zRviT
foTis portis gavliT. aqedan sxvadasxva komponentebi igzavneba quTaisSi
rkinigziT an pirdapir saavtomobilo gziT. samSeneblo da samontaJo
samuSaoebi warmoebs cvlebSi. samuSaoebis sawarmoeblad daqiravebuli
muSaxelis raodenoba iqneba minimaluri da amasTan, yovel muSas eqneba ori
an meti kvalifikacia.

6.2. samSeneblo samuSaoebi
samuSaoebi iwarmoebs or ubanze wyalmimRebisa da eleqtrosadguris
ubnebze.
mSeneblobaSi Sedis eqskavaciis samuSaoebi, Txrisa da Cayris samuSaoebi,
mokiywyvlis mowyoba, mikroximinjebis mowyoba, betonis samuSaoebi, gvirabis
gayvana, xidis mSenebloba, hesis ubanze misadgomi gzebis mowyoba,
poligonebis melioracia. mokirwyvla moewyoba qaniT (daaxloebiT 0.8 m
3
moculobis) dabetonebiT. saleqari nagebobis kedlis gare nawili
mopirkeTdeba igive meTodiT, magram qanis ufro mcire zomis masalis
gamoyenebiT (daaxloebiT 0.1 m
3
).
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqceva ekologiur sakiTxebs samSeneblo
samuSaoebis warmoebisas mdinaris kalapotSi. Tevzis tofobis periodSi
(ianvar-aprilSi) samSeneblo samuSaoebi SeCerdeba.
gvirabis gayvana moxdeba burRva-afeTqebiT. gvirabis burRva-afeTqebiTi
samuSaoebi Sesruldeba Sesabamisi licenziis mqone qve-kontraqtoris mier.
asafeTqebeli masalis miwodeba operaciebis warmoebis ubnebze moxdeba
yoveldRiurad, xolo narCenebis gadatana moxdeba ukan, sawyobSi.
gvirabis gayvana daiwyeba orive mxridan. qveda biefis mimarTulebiT
Txrisas gvirabidan wylis gadasagdebad moewyoba tumbo da saleqaris
kamera md. wablariswylis wyalze zemoqmedebis (wylis amRvrevis) Tavidan
asacileblad.
wyalmimRebi nagebobebis aSenebisTvis saWiro dro damokidebulia
saderivacio gvirabis gasayvanad saWiro droze. samuSaoebis saerTo
xangrZlivoba iqneba 2 weli.
hesis mSeneblobisas mosalodnelia rogorc arasaxifaTo inertuli
narCenebis, ise saxifaTo narCenebis warmoqmna. arasaxifaTo narCenebis saxiT
SeiZleba, dagrovdes Semdegi saxis narCenebi:
mSeneblobis/gvirabis gayvanisas warmoSobili inertuli narCenebi;
mcenareulobis Wrisas warmoSobili narCenebi (SezRuduli
raodenobiT);
118

polieTilenis narCenebi (SesafuTi/saizolacio masala);
Savi da feradi liTonis jarTi;
niadagis masala;
sayofacxovrebo narCenebi da sxv. (sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis
sakiTxebi ganxilulia 6.1 TavSi).

inertuli narCenebi. proeqtis Tanaxmad, dagrovili fuWi qanebis moculoba
Seadgens 50,000 m
3
-s. am narCenebis gansaTavseblad SeirCa xuTi sxvadasxva
ubani wablaris xeobis gaswvriv (poligoni 1 gegma 4; poligoni 2 gegma
3; poligoni 3 gegma 2; poligonebi 4 da 5 gegma 1). aRniSnuli ubnebis
SerCeva moxda arsebuli landSaftis gaTvaliswinebiT.
119

sur. 52. eleqtrosadguris moednis teritoria

poligonebis Sesaxeb informacia mocemulia qvemoT.

xedi aRweriloba

poligoni 1. karieri mdebareobs eleqtrosadguris qvemoT,
wablaris marcxena mxares arsebuli aluviuri terasis mcire
daxrilobis mqone zedapirze. mocemuli ubnis gamoyeneba
SesaZlebelia, rogorc karierad, ise narCenebis ganTavsebis
ubnad. SemavseblebisTvis mopovebuli aluviuri qanebi SeiZleba,
Canacvldes gvirabis eqskavaciisas amoRebuli masaliT. am
ubanze aluviuri qanebi xasiaTdeba Sesaferisi TvisebebiT,
radgan isini ukavSirdeba wablaris SedarebiT axalgazrda
fazebs da maTze ar umoqmedia gamofitvis procesebs, ris
Sedegadac mosalodneli iqneboda fiqlovani an alevrituli
dedaqanis warmoqmna.

mocemuli ubani geomorfologiurad stabiluri zonaa,
120

romelic warmodgenilia mcired daxrili terasuli zedapiriT.
aq grunti warmodgenilia aluviuri naleqebiT, romlebic
ganfenilia tufebiT agebul winameoTxeul fundamentze.
gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqti, rom mocemul ubanze
aucilebelia datborvis sawinaaRmdego nagebobis ageba
poligonis eroziis Tavidan asacileblad. aseve,
gasaTvaliswinebelia nagavsayrelis am ubnis SesaZlo
gafarToeba eleqtrosadguris mimarTulebiT.

poligoni 2. ubani mdebareobs odnav zemoT, Zalzed axlos
wablaris kalapotTan. aqac sagebi fena agebulia xelsayreli
geoteqnikuri maxasiaTeblebis mqone axali aluviuri naleqebiT.
ferdobis arastabilurobis niSnebi ar SeimCneva, magram damcavi
nagebobebi aucilebelia eroziuli movlenebis Tavidan
asacileblad.

poligoni 3. ubani mdebareobs aluviuri maraos mcired daxril
ferdobze. aluviuri marao ukavSirdeba wablaris gverdiT
Senakads. ubanze arsebuli mdgomareoba geomorfologiuri
TvalsazrisiT xelsayrelia, radgan marao CaWrilia SenakadiT
da amdenad, misi zedapiri dakidulia mdinaris kalapots zemoT
da masze gavlenas ar axdens eroziuli procesebi. sagebi fena
agebulia ramdenime erTeulidan aTeul metramde simZlavris
aluviuri naleqebiT. naleqebi sustad gamofitulia da aqvT
kargi geoteqnikuri Tvisebebi.
121

poligoni 4. ubani mdebareobs odnav qvemoT da Sedgeba ori
seqtorisgan erTi xeobis fskeris marcxena mxares, xolo
meore mis marjvena mxares. orive ubani ganfenilia kargi
geoteqnikuri Tvisebebis mqone aluviur naleqebze. ferdobis
aramdgradobis niSnebi arc erT ubanze ar SeimCneva. garda
amisa, poligonze ar unda moqmedebdes wablaris eroziuli
procesebi, radgan SedarebiT maRali eroziuli flateebi
erTmaneTisgan hyofs dasasawyobeblad SerCeuli ubnebis
zedapirebsa da mdinaris kalapots.

poligoni 5. ubani mdebareobs walaRebis zonaSi. igi gamoiyeneba
Semavseblebis dasasawyobeblad. amdenad, sagebi fena mocemul
ubanze agebulia aluviur naleqebze ganlagebuli
gamomuSavebuli masalebiT. mTeli ubani moqceulia wablaris
eroziuli zemoqmedebis qveS da amdenad, damcavi nagebobebis
mowyoba aucilebelia.
122

gegmiuri samSeneblo samuSaoebis Sedegad dagrovdeba garkveuli
raodenobis liTonis jarTi. dagrovili jarTi Cabardeba jarTis
Cambarebel kompaniebs.
samSeneblo fazaSi samuSaoebis Sesrulebis procesSi mosalodnelia
Semdegi saxisa da raodenobebis saxifaTo narCenebis dagroveba:
hesis Senobis miwisqveSa sivrcisa da damatebiTi gvirabebis mowyobis
Semdeg morCenili asafeTqebeli masalis narCenebi daaxloebiT 8 kg.
sawvavisa da sazeT-sapoxi masalebis narCenebi daaxl. 40 kg/weli;
vadagasuli da mwyobridan gamosuli akumulatorebi daaxl. 40
c/weli;
samSeneblo teqnikis da satransporto saSualebebis zeTis filtrebi
daaxl. 25 c/weli;
rezinis naxmari saburavebi daaxl. 40 c/weli;
SeduRebis eleqtrodebi daaxl. 50 kg/weli;
navTobproduqtebis avariuli daRvris Sedegad navTobis
naxSirwyalbadebiT dabinZurebuli niadagi/grunti moculoba
damokidebulia daRvris masStabze.

saxifaTo narCenebis Senaxva droebiT moxdeba samSeneblo banakSi,
specialur nagebobaSi. narCenebis Senaxvisas daculi unda iyos
usafrTxoebis zomebi.
samSeneblo moednebze warmoqmnili saxifaTo narCenebi mSenebeli
kontraqtoris mier am saqmianobisaTvis specialurad gamoyofili
transportiT, narCenebis marTvaze dasaqmebuli personalis mier
gadmotanili unda iqnas droebiTi ganTavsebis sawyobSi (narCenebis
samSeneblo moednebidan gatana unda moxdes dagrovebis Sesabamisad, magram
aranakleb sam dReSi erTxel). droebiTi sawyobebidan narCenebis gatanis
Semdeg unda gatardes narCenebis marTvis saboloo zomebi (gauvnebelyofa,
utilizacia, ganTavseba) Sesabamisi nebarTvis mqone kontraqtoris mier.
garda amisa, saWiroa aseTi narCenebis aRricxvis meqanizmis SemuSaveba.
adgilze SesaZlebelia mcire daRvrebis (sawvavis/zeTis) SemTxvevaSi
warmoqmnili navTobis naxSirwyalbadebiT dabinZurebuli niadagis da
gruntis (5-10 m
3
) remediacia (mag. in situ bioremediacia). didi daRvrebis
SemTxvevaSi saWiroa dabinZurebuli niadagis da gruntis moxsna teritoriis
gareT gatana da remediacia. dabinZurebis adgilze Setanili unda iqnas
axali grunti da Catardes rekultivaciis samuSaoebi. mizanSewonilia
dabinZurebuli niadagis da grunti remediaciisaTvis gadaeces am
saqmianobaze saTanado nebarTvis mqone kontraqtors.
(saxifaTo narCenebis marTvis variantebi mocemulia danarTSi 1).
6.3. eqspluatacia
hidroeleqtrosadguri aRWurvili iqneba peltonis ori turbiniT
(vertikaluri RerZebiT, 4-Wavliani). Wavlze minimaluri xarji Seadgens 0.5
m
3
/wm-s. hesis saangariSo maqsimaluri xarji Seadgens 6 m
3
/wm-s.
wablariswylis bunebrivi xarjis gaTvaliswinebiT hesi sruli datvirTviT
imuSavebs mxolod 2-3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi. gadagdeba daregulirdeba
123

mdinaris habitatebis sijansaRisa da sicocxlis SesanarCuneblad saWiro
xarjis uzrunvelyofis gaTvaliswinebiT.
eqspluataciis etapze hesebze dasaqmdeba 12-15 adamiani. muSaobis reJimi -
TiTo 24-saaTiani cvla. cvlaSi imuSavebs minimum 2 operatori. saTave
nageboba ar saWiroebs mudmiv zedamxedvelobas, Tumca yoveldRiuri
Semowmeba sruliad aucilebelia.
eleqtrosadguris ubanze sayofacxovrebo/sakanalizacio Camdinare wylebis
mosalodneli moculoba Sefasebulia, rogorc 312.1 m
3
/weli anu 0.885 m
3
/dRe.
wlis manZilze dagrovili sayofacxovrebo myari narCenebis moculoba
Seadgens 12(15) x 0.7=8.4 (10.5) m
3
-s. sayofacxovrebo narCenebis gatana moxdeba
uaxloes nagavsayrelze Sesabamis adgilobriv organoebTan gaformebuli
xelSekrulebis safuZvelze.
eqspluataciis etapze didi odenobiT narCenebis dagroveba mosalodneli
ar aris. garda amisa, sayofacxovrebo narCenebis garda, dagrovdeba iseTi
saxifaTo narCenebi, rogoricaa:
turbines zeTebis narCenebi daaxl. 100 kg/weli;
vadagasuli da mwyobridan gamosuli akumulatorebi daaxl. 2-3
c/weli;
samSeneblo teqnikis da satransporto saSualebebis zeTis filtrebi
daaxl. 2-3 c/weli;
rezinis naxmari saburavebi daaxl. 8-10 c/weli;
SeduRebis eleqtrodebi daaxl. 10 kg/weli;
navTobproduqtebis avariuli daRvris Sedegad navTobis
naxSirwyalbadebiT dabinZurebuli niadagi/grunti moculoba
damokidebulia daRvris masStabze.
Savi da feradi liTonebis jarTi daaxl. 20 kg/weli;
luminescenturi naTurebi daaxl. 10 c/weli;
lazeruli printeris kartrijebi daaxl. 3 c/weli;
satransformatoro zeTebis gawmendis procesSi warmoqmnili myari
narCenebi daaxl. 8 kg/weli;
da sxva.

saxifaTo narCenebis ganTavsebasa da maT Semdgom marTvas unda
axorcielebdes Sesabamisi nebarTvis mqone kontraqtori. saxifaTo
narCenebis marTvis variantebi mocemulia danarTSi 1.

teqmomsaxureoba/remonti
eqspluataciis etapi (teqmomsaxureoba) periodi
o inspeqtireba: sezonuri, yovelwliuri da xuT
weliwadSi erTxel;
o hesis da qvesadguris sezonuri teqmomsaxureba da
mowesrigeba;
o yoveldRiuri teqmomsaxureba da inspeqtireba;
o turbinebis mdgomareobis monitoringi;
o remonti - mag. hidroturbinis rotoris gamocvla da
generatoris remonti (20-40-wliani intervalebiT);
o kaSxlis kontroli da teqmomsaxureoba (mwarmoeblis
qarxnis
eqspluataciaSi
gaSvebidan 50 wlis
manZilze (minimum)
124

instruqciis mixedviT);
o saTave nagebobebis infrastruqturis teqmomsaxureoba
saWiroebisamebr;
o transformatorebis zeTis gamocvla,
mowyobilobebis SezeTva;
o Senobis, SemoRobvis, WiSkris, gamafrTxilebeli
niSnebis, ganaTebis da teritoriis mowesrigeba -
saWiroebisamebr;
o qvesadgurebis teritoriis gawmenda
mcenareebisgan, eleqtroaRWurvilobis testireba
da SekeTeba;
o aRWurvilobis perioduli
SekeTeba/teqmomsaxureba.

wyalmimRebisa da saleqaris kameris infrastruqtura
kaSxlis marTva da teqnikuri momsaxureoba;
saleqaris gawmenda natanisgan;
saleqaris kedlebisa da fskeris SekeTeba saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi;
hesis kaSxlis qveda biefebSi ekologiuri (sanitaruli) xarjis
gatarebaze regularuli kontroli.

saderivacio milsadeni
sadawneo milsadenebis mdgomareobisa da mdinaris gadakveTebis
perioduli Semowmeba erodirebuli ubnebis deteqtirebisa da maTi
droulad aRdgenis mizniT;
Jonvis deteqtireba Sesavalze da gamosavalze gazomili xarjis
Sedarebis meTodiT.

gvirabi
gvirabis inspeqtireba (funqcionirebis dawyebidan wlis Semdeg, me-3
wels da Semdgom yovel 5 weliwadSi erTxel), Semowmeba
(geofizikuri kvlevis CaTvliT) da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi
cementacia.

sadawneo milsadeni
milebis kedlebisa da SeduRebis nakerebis perioduli (5 weliwadSi
erTxel) ultrabgeriTi Semowmeba. SekeTeba saWiroebisamebr.
Jonvis deteqtireba Sesavalze da gamosavalze gazomili wylis
xarjis Sedarebis meTodiT.

Zalovani kvanZi da mimdebare infrastruqtura
ZiriTadi teqnologiuri (turbinebi, generatorebi, sxv.) da damxmare
mowyobilobebis (sarqvelebi, rabebi, amweebi, tumboebi, sxv.) Semowmeba,
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi SekeTeba.

qvesadguri
transformatorebis da amomrTvelebis teqnikuri mdgomareobis
125

vizualuri monitoringi, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi - SekeTeba;
transformatorebis qveS arsebuli betonis avzebis vizualuri
monitoringi. SekeTeba - saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi;
transformatorebSi zeTis gamocvla/ damateba;
teritoriebis mowesrigeba - balaxis Tibva, Robis gayolebaze
sarevela mcenareebis regularuli meqanikuri kontroli;
gamafrTxilebeli niSnebis ganaxleba saWiroebisameb.
126

7. SesaZlo zemoqmedeba bunebriv da socialur garemoze
7.1. bunebriv da socialur garemoze hesis SesaZlo zemoqmedeba dagegmili saqmianobis sxvadasxva etapze
saqmianoba receptori zemoqmedebis wyaro zemoqmedebis aRwera
mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi
(mobilizacia)
samSeneblo banakebis
mowyoba, wyalmomaragebis,
kanalizaciisa da
eleqtromomaragebis
uzrunvelyofis sakiTxebis
CaTvliT;
manqana-danadgarebisa da
spec. teqnikis ganTavseba;
masalebis Semotana-
dasawyobeba.
atmosferuli haeri;
niadagi (niadagis zeda fena
da qveniadagi);
wyali;
flora;
fauna;
infrastruqtura;
kulturuli memkvidreoba;
mosaxleoba da personali.
transporti, samSeneblo
teqnika;
dizel-generatorebi;
personali;
warmoqmnili narCenebi.
- mtveri da gamonabolqvi manqanebis
moZraobisas
- dizel-generatorebis gamonabolqvi
- mtveri miwis samuSaoebis warmoebis dros
- xmauri da vibracia (manqana-danadgarebi)
- xmauri (xalxi)
- niadagis dabinZureba (daRvrili sawvavi,
zeTebi, narCenebi)
- niadagis datkepna manqanebis moZraobis gamo
- niadagis nayofieri fenis dazianeba
- miwis sakuTrebis statusis droebiTi Secvla
- wylis SesaZlo dabinZureba daRvrili
sawvaviT/zeTebiT, miwiT, narCenebiT
(zedapiruli wylis obieqtis maxloblad
samuSaoebis warmoebisas).
- mcenareuli safaris dazianeba-moWra, balaxis
datkepna (pirdapiri zemoqmedeba)
- mcenareuli safaris dazianeba -
gamonabolqvis, daRvrili sawvavi/zeTebis gamo
(iribi zemoqmedeba)
- faunis SeSfoTeba adamianebisa da teqnikis
moZraobis Sedegad
- narCenebi - myari, Txevadi
- zemoqmedeba satransporto nakadebze
- samuSaoebis dros personalis SesaZlo
travmatizmi.
- adamianebisa da saqonlis/cxovelebis
Tavisufal gadaadgilebaze zemoqmedeba
- zemoqmedeba infrastruqturaze (mag. gzis
safarze).
- vizualur-landSafturi cvlilebebi.
mSeneblobis etapi
napirdamcavi nagebobebis,
kaSxlisa da mimdebare
infrastruqturis mowyoba;
xidis (mdinaris gadakveTis)
ageba;
atmosferuli haeri - transporti;
- samSeneblo teqnika;
- dizel-generatorebi.
- mtveri da gamonabolqvi airebi;
- SeduRebis aerozolebi.
niadagi (niadagis zeda fena da
qveniadagi)
- manqanebi/ samSeneblo
teqnika;
- dizel-generatorebi.
- niadagis datkepna manqanebiT da samSeneblo
teqnikiT
- niadagis dabinZureba (daRvrili
127

gvirabis mSenebloba;
sadawneo milsadenis
mowyoba;
hidroeleqtrosadgurisa da
misadgomi gzebis
(saWiroebisamebr)
mSenebloba;
qvesadguris ageba;
narCenebis gatana;
gvirabis wylis gadagdeba
(saWiroebisamebr);
aRWurvilobis Semotana.
- miwis samuSaoebi;
- narCenebi.
sawvavi/zeTebi, narCenebi, maT Soris Txevadi)
- zemoqmedeba niadagis stabilurobaze
- nayofieri fenis SesaZlo dazianeba
- miwis sakuTrebis statusis droebiTi da
mudmivi Secvla.
wyali - manqanebi/ samSeneblo
teqnika;
- miwis samuSaoebi;
- betonis samuSaoebi;
- narCenebi.
- wylis dabinZureba (daRvrili
sawvaviT/zeTebiT, narCenebiT, maT Soris
Txevadi narCenebiTac);
- wylis dabinZureba (Setivtivebuli myari
narCenebiT);
- dinebis blokireba hidrologiuri reJimis
darRvevis riski.
flora da fauna (maT Soris
wylis)
- manqanebi/ samSeneblo
teqnika;
- personali.
- pirdapiri zemoqmedeba (Sejaxeba, dafrTxoba);
- iribi zemoqmedeba (haeris dabinZureba,
niadagis dabinZureba/datkepvna, sxva.);
- habitatebis droebiTi da mudmivi
fragmentacia (danawevreba);
- Tavisufali gadaadgilebis SezRudva;
- xmauri da vibracia;
- wylis dabinZureba (amRvreva).
mosaxleoba da personali - manqanebi/ samSeneblo
meqanizmebi.
- mtveri da gamonabolqvi airebi;
- xmauri;
personalis SesaZlo travmatizmi samuSaoebis
warmoebisas;
- miwis farTobebis dakargva (fizikuri-
ekonomikuri gansaxleba);
adamianebisa da saqonlis/cxovelebis
Tavisufali gadaadgilebis SezRudva;
- adgilobrivi mosaxleobis dasaqmebis
SesaZlebloba uSualod mSeneblobaze da
momsaxure sferoebSi (dadebiTi efeqti).
funqcionirebis etapi niadagi - transporti, samSeneblo
teqnika;
- narCenebi (myari, Txevadi).
- niadagis dabinZureba narCenebis arasaTanado
menejmentis SemTxvevaSi;
- niadagis dabinZureba (sawvavis/zeTebis
daRvrisas).
wyali - narCenebi. - wylis dabinZureba narCenebis arasaTanado
menejmentis SemTxvevaSi.
flora - kaSxali /wyalmimRebi;
- qvesadguri.
- zemoqmedeba Walis mcenareebze
wyaldidobis/datborvisa da wyalmcirobis
SemTxvevaSi.
fauna - arxis morfologiis
Secvla;
- habitatebis ekologiuri degradacia an moSla;
- grZivi kavSirebis moSla gauvali
128

- kaSxali /wyalmimRebi;
- wylis dabinZureba
sayofacxovrebo da
samrewvelo
sakanalizacio
narCenebiT, Camdinare
nakadebiT da
atmosferuli emisiebiT
(SO
2
, mJavuri wvimebi da
sxv.);
- Setborva;
- naleqis xarjis
cvlileba;
- xalxi;
- hesis agregatebi;
- qvesadguri.
dabrkolebebis SemTxvevaSi;
- SesaZlo zemoqmedeba Tevzebis migraciaze;
- xmauri;
- eleqtromagnituri veli;
- meTevzeobis gavlena Tevzis populaciebze;
- kaSxlis ukan Setborvis gazrdili kveTebi
amcirebs nakadis siCqares da nakadis
cvlilebas;
- wvrilmarcvlovani naleqis gazrdili tempiT
daleqva tborebSi, romelic faravs
uxeSmarcvlovan sageb fenas, rac iwvevs
sxvadasxva marcvlovanebis ganlagebis
cvlilebas;
- wylis temperatura izrdeba nakadis
Semcirebuli siCqaris gamo da wylis
gaCerebis dro SetborvebSi ufro xangrZlivia;
- SetborvebSi SeiZleba, adgili hqondes
Jangbadis deficits, radgan wylis JangbadTan
bmis unari misi gaTbobis gamo mcirdeba da
imis gamo, rom atmosferuli Jangbadis
STanTqma haerisa da wylis Sexebis zedapirTan
Semcirebulia Semcirebuli turbulentobis
gamo.
mosaxleoba da personali - hesis agregatebi;
- qvesadguri.
- xmauri;
personalis SesaZlo travmatizmi samuSaoebis
dros;
- adgilobrivi mosaxleobis dasaqmebis
SesaZlebloba (dadebiTi efeqti).
teqmomsaxuroba/remonti zemoqmedeba damokidebulia teqmomsaxureobis/remontis specifikaze, samuSaoTa moculobasa da warmoebis adgilze.
zemoqmedeba teqmomsaxurebisas ar gansxvavdeba mSeneblobis procesSi msgavsi xasiaTis samuSaoebis warmoebisas
mosalodneli zemoqmedebisagan.
funqcionirebis Sewyveta SesaZlebelia ori varianti :
1. dakonserveba - am SemTxvevaSi SenarCunebuli unda iyos yvela arsebuli struqtura. SenarCundes teritoriis
SemoRobva da dacva.
2. saqmianobis sruli Sewyveta- aRWurvilobis da infrastruqturis demontaJi, narCenebis gatana/utilizacia,
gvirabis daxurva da teritoriis rekultivacia . Tumca Cveulebriv, sicocxlis vadis amowurvis Semdeg,
daxurvis nacvlad tardeba sistemis kapitaluri remonti da obieqti agrZelebs funqcionirebs.

obieqtis likvidaciis SemTxvevaSi unda Sedges Sesabamisi samoqmedo gegma. savaraudo zemoqmedeba iqneba mSeneblobis
procesSi mosalodnelis analogiuri. yuradReba unda mieqces narCenebis, maT Soris SesaZlo saxifaTo narCenebis,
menejmentis sakiTxebs. unda SemuSavdes teritoriis rekultivaciis gegma.

129

7.2. skriningi
gszS angariSSi yvela saxis potenciuri zemoqmedebis aRwera ar aris
aucilebeli, Tu gszS dokumentis saerTo midgoma ZiriTadad mimarTulia
mniSvnelovan ekologiur zemoqmedebebze. gszS angariSis Sinaarsisa da
moculobis Sesaxeb miTiTeba mocemulia EC direqtiviT 97/11, romelic sxva
sakiTxebTan erTad iTvaliswinebs Semdegi problemebis gadaWrasac:

garemos aspeqtebi, romlebzec savaraudod, mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas
iqoniebs SemoTavazebuli proeqti, raSic Sedis mosaxleoba, fauna, flora,
niadagi, wyali, haeri, klimaturi faqtorebi, materialuri aqtivebi, maT
Soris arqiteqturuli da arqeologiuri memkvidreoba, landSafti da maTi
urTierTkavSiri zemoCamoTvlil faqtorebTan.

proeqtis samuSaoTa moculobisa da saproeqto qmedebebis specifikis
gaTvaliswinebiT, Semdegi sakiTxebi amoRebuli iqna gasaTvaliswinebel
sakiTxTa siidan:
zemoqmedebaTa saxeebi, romelTa
gaTvaliswinebac ar moxda
gauTvaliswineblobis safuZveli
mobilizacia (mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi)
zemoqmedeba dacul teritoriebze proeqtis zemoqmedebis zonaSi daculi
teritoriebi ar aris moqceuli.
zemoqmedeba satransporto
nakadebze
dabali fonuri satransporto moZraoba
zemoqmedeba sagzao safarze ar eqneba adgili SezRuduli satransporto
moZraobis gamo
zemoqmedeba arqeologiur da
kulturul memkvidreobaze
dagegmili ganviTarebis xasiaTis
gaTvaliswinebiT, istoriul Zeglebze
zemoqmedeba mosalodneli ar aris.
arsebuli marSrutis gaswvriv arqeologiuri
ubnebis arseboba ar dasturdeba.
vibracia miwis vibraciis kontrolTan dakavSirebiT
raime saerTaSoriso norma da miTiTeba ar
arsebobs. normebiT ZiriTadad
gaTvaliswinebulia zRvrebi, romelTa
mixedviTac xdeba dazianebis klasifikacia
kosmetikur (bewvbzarebis SemTxvevaSi), mcire
(didi bzarebis SemTxvevaSi) da seriozul
(konstruqciuli elementebis dazianebis
SemTxvevaSi) dazianebebad. dagegmili
saqmianobis samuSaoTa moculobis
gaTvaliswinebiT, miRebuli iqna
gadawyvetileba, rom mocemuli zemoqmedebis
ar iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli.
saxifaTo geodinamikuri procesebi mobilizaciis etapze mosalodneli ar aris.
mSenebloba da teqmomsaxureoba eqspluataciis etapze
zemoqmedeba arqeologiur da dagegmili ganviTarebis xasiaTis
130

kulturul memkvidreobaze gaTvaliswinebiT, istoriul Zeglebze
zemoqmedeba mosalodneli ar aris.
arsebuli marSrutis gaswvriv arqeologiuri
ubnebis arseboba ar dasturdeba.
funqcionireba
nakadebze
dabali fonuri satransporto moZraoba
zemoqmedeba sagzao safarze ar eqneba adgili mcire satransporto
nakadis gamo.

131

8. bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
8.1. mavne nivTierebaTa emisiebi atmosferul haerSi
8.1.1. zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia
atmosferuli haeris xarisxze zemoqmedeba Sefasda saqarTvelos
normatiuli dokumentis Tanaxmad, romelic adgens janmrTelobisTvis
usafrTxo haeris xarisxis standartebs.

cxrili 23. atmosferuli haeris xarisxze zemoqmedeba (ranJireba)
r
a
n
J
i
r
e
b
a

kategoria
xanmokle
koncentracia
(<24 sT.)
xangrZlivi
koncentracia
(>24 sT.)
wliuri emisia
mtvris gavrceleba
(xangrZlivad an
xSirad)

1 Zalian dabali C <0.5 zdk C <0.1 zdk wliuri emisia
qveynis wliuri
emisiebis 0.5%-ze
naklebia
SeumCneveli zrda
2 dabali 0.5 zdk<C<0.75 zdk 0.1 zdk<C<0.2 zdk wliuri emisia
qveynis wliuri
emisiebis 0.52%
ia
SesamCnevi zrda
3 saSualo 0.75 zdk<C<1 zdk 0.2 zdk<C<0.5 zdk wliuri emisia
qveynis wliuri
emisiebis 25%ia
umniSvnelod
awuxebs
mosaxleobas,
Tumca uaryofiT
gavlenas ar axdens
janmrTelobaze.
4 maRali 1 zdk<C<1.5 zdk 0.5 zdk<C<1 zdk wliuri emisia
qveynis wliuri
emisiebis 510%
ia
sakmaod awuxebs
mosaxleobas da
gansakuTrebiT -
mgrZnobiare pirebs.
5 Zalian maRali C>1.5 zdk C>1 zdk wliuri emisia
qveynis wliuri
emisiebis 10%ze
metia
Zalian awuxebs
mosaxleobas,
moqmedebs
janmrTelobaze.
SeniSvna. C savaraudo koncentracia garemoSi fonis gaTvaliswinebiT.
8.1.2. mSeneblobis etapi
ganxorcielda spec. teqnikisa da samSeneblo manqanebis Zravebidan
damabinZurebel nivTierebaTa gafrqvevis da araorganuli mtvris emisiis
gaangariSeba. saproeqto hesis infrastruqturis obieqtebi ganTavsebulia
dasaxlebuli da industriuli zonebidan mniSvnelovnad dacilebul
teritoriebze. amdenad, erovnuli dadgenilebebis Tanaxmad, SeiZleba,
dabinZurebis fonuri maCveneblebi SegviZlia miviRoT nulis tolad.
samSeneblo samuSaoebis zemoqmedeba haeris xarisxze gamoTvlili iqna
saproeqto ubnidan uaxloesi recipientis udabnos mineraluri wyaros -
manZilis gaTvaliswinebiT (daaxl. 200 m). meqanizmebze sxvadasxva datvirTvis
gasaTvaliswineblad gaangariSebuli iqna baTqiT gamoyofili emisiis
132

mniSvneloba 30-wuTian periodSi. mxedvelobaSi iqna miRebuli rogorc
araorganuli (mtveri), ise organuli damabinZureblebi.

gabnevis angariSis analizi - qvemoT mocemuli cxrili iZleva saxifaTo
nivTierebebis koncentraciis dadgenil maqsimalur mniSvnelobebs zdk
7

erTeulebSi uaxloesi recipientis sazRvarTan dadgenil sakontrolo
wertilebSi.
kodi nivTierebis dasaxeleba damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis
koncentracia zdk erTeulebSi
0301 azotis dioqsidi 0.27
0304 azotis oqsidi 0.0091
0328 Wvartli 0.02
0330 gogirdis dioqsidi 0.0046
0337 naxSirbadis oqsidi 0.0036
2732 najeri naxSirwyalbadebi 0.0044
2908 araorganuli mtveri 0.06
2909 araorganuli mtveri 0.12
6009
(0301+0330)
jamuri zemoqmedebis jgufi 0.27
6046
(0337+2908)
jamuri zemoqmedebis jgufi 0.07

rogorc modelirebis Sedegebi cxadyofs, calkeuli damabinZurebeli
nivTierebebisa da jamuri zemoqmedebis jgufebis savaraudo koncentraciebi
naklebia zdk mniSvnelobebze samSeneblo ubnidan daaxloebiT 200 m
manZilze. gamomdinare cxrilis analizidan da agreTve im garemoebidan, rom
danarCeni samSeneblo moednebi mniSvnelovani manZiliTaa dacilebuli
sacxovrebeli zonebidan da atmosferul haerSi mavne nivTierebebis
gavrcelebiT gamowveuli zemoqmedeba ar iqneba mniSvnelovani.
gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqti, rom udabnos mineraluri wyaro, romelic
samSeneblo ubanTan mdebare uaxloesi recipienti, funqcionirebs
sezonurad da amdenad, zemoqmedeba kidev ufro naklebi iqneba da
damokidebuli iqneba samuSaoTa warmoebis grafikze.
samuSaoebma, romelTa Sedegadac mtveri warmoiSveba, SeiZleba, zemoqmedeba
moaxdinos muSebze. zemoqmedebis Semcirebis mizniT personals daurigdeba
dacvis individualuri saSualebebi.
garda mosaxleobaze/muSebze zemoqmedebisa, haeris xarisxis droebiTma
daqveiTebam SeiZleba, gavlena moaxdinos adgilobriv
florasa/mcenareulobasa da faunaze. damabinZurebeli airebi an maTi
narevebis koncentraciebi samuSaoebis intensiurobis gaTvaliswinebiT,
mniSvnelovani ar iqneba. mtvriT gamowveul zemoqmedebas (mzis sinaTlis
dabneleba, RreCoebis amovseba da maTi CO
2
gamtarobis Semcireba da maTi
imavdrouli urTierTqmedeba II fotosistemasTan (proteinis pirveli
kompleqsi fotosinTezis sinaTlis fazebSi) adgili eqneba mxolod
samSeneblo samuSaoebis warmoebisas da misi Serbileba SesaZlebelia

7
zdk zRvrulad dasaSvebi koncentracia
133

samuSaoebis saTanado menejmentis xarjze. rac Seexeba zemoqmedebas faunaze
(roogrc xmeleTis, ise wylis), igi umniSvnelo iqneba da gamoixateba imiT,
rom teqnikisa da adamianebis arseboba ubanze da aseve, samuSaoebiT
gamowveuli xmauri daafrTxobs cxovelebs. emisia ar iqneba im masStabis,
rom gamoiwvios zedapiruli wylis xarisxis daqveiTeba, anu zemoqmedeba
moaxdinos hidrobiontebze.
8.1.3. eqspluataciis etapi
operirebis procesSi emisiis wyaroebi arc wyalmimRebis da arc Zalovani
kvanZis teritoriaze ar iarsebebs. wyalsacavis Seqmna navaraudevi ar aris.
amgvarad ar aris mosalodneli aorTqlebis da Sesabamisad haeris
tenianobis zrda da klimatis cvlileba.
eqspluataciis dros emisiebi mosalodnelia teqmomsaxurebis/remontis
dros. emisiebis moculoba da zemoqmedebis done damokidebuli iqneba
Casatarebeli samuSaoebis masStabze, xangrZlivobaze da samuSaoebis
warmoebis adgilze. Tumca es zemoqmedeba droSi SezRuduli da Seqcevadi
iqneba.
8.1.4. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
zemoxsenebulis gaTvaliswinebiT, zemoqmedebis Sefaseba moxda Semdegi
klasifikaciiT:
mSenebloba eqspluatacia
xasiaTi (dadebiTi/uaryofiTi,
pirdapiri/arapirdapiri)
uaryofiTi,
pirdapiri,
arapirdapiri
uaryofiTi
sidide (Zalian dabali, dabali,
saSualo, maRali, Zalian maRali)
dabali-saSualo dabali
albaToba (dabali, saSualo, maRali
riski)
maRali dabali
zemoqmedebis areali (samuSao ubani,
saproeqto areali an regioni)
samuSao ubani samuSao ubani
xangrZlivoba (mokle, saSualo,
grZelvadiani)
mokle mokle
Seqcevadoba (Seqcevadi/Seuqcevadi) Seqcevadi Seqcevadi
simwvave mcire mcire

8.1.5. Semarbilebeli zomebi
mSeneblobisa da operirebis (eqspluataciis) zemoqmedeba atmosferuli
haeris xarisxze klasificirebuli iqna, rogorc mire. eqspluataciis
etapze emisiebis arseboba mosalodnelia mxolod
teqmomsaxureobis/remontis warmoebisas.
zemoqmedebis kontrolis mizniT rekomendebulia Semdegi zomebis miReba:
manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri gamarTulobis uzrunvelyofa;
134

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi (mag., mSral amindSi) mtvris emisiis
Sesamcireblad saTanado RonisZiebebis gatareba (mag. samuSao ubnis
morwyva, fxvieri samSeneblo masalebis Senaxvis wesebis dacva da sxv);
miwis samuSaoebis warmoebis da masalebis datvirTva-gadmotvirTvisas
mtvris Warbi emisiis Tavidan asacileblad sifrTxilis zomebis
miReba (mag. datvirTva-gadmotvirTvisas didi simaRlidan masalis
dayris akrZalva);
transportis moZraobis optimaluri siCqaris dacva;
saWiroebisamebr personalis uzrunvelyofa dacvis individualuri
saSualebebiT (respiratorebi);
personalis instruqtaJi (pirveli treningi da Semdgom TiTojer
yovel 6 TveSi erTxel);
saCivrebis Semosvlis SemTxvevaSi maTi dafiqsireba/aRricxva da
saTanado reagireba.
8.1.6. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
cxrili 24. atmosferuli haeris xarisxis gauareseba emisiebis Sedegad
Sejameba

faza zemoqmedebisa da zemoqmedebis
wyaroebis aRwera
zemoqmedebis
receptorebi
narCeni
zemoqmedebis
daxasiaTeba da
Sefaseba
135

m
S
e
n
e
b
l
o
b
i
s

e
t
a
p
i

mtvris, wvis produqtebis, SeduRebis
aerozolebisa da sxva mavne
nivTierebaTa emisia atmosferul
haerSi
mtveris wyaro - miwisa da burRva-
afeTqebis samuSaoebi, nayari
samSeneblo masalebis
transportireba, Senaxva-gamoyeneba,
sxva.
wvis produqtebis wyaro -
samuSaoebi, romelic saWiroebs
samSeneblo da spec. teqnikis
gamoyenebas, m.S. miwis samuSaoebi,
transportireba, infrastruqturis
mowyoba, misasvleli gzebis,
Camdinare wylebis arinebisa da
gawmendis sistemebis mSenebloba,
sxva.
SeduRebis aerozolebis wyaro -
liTonis konstruqciebis
samontaJo samuSaoebi
- sxva mavne nivTierebaTa wyaro -
ubanze arsebuli qimiuri
nivTierebebis (sawvav-sapoxi
masala, saRebavebi da sxva) airadi
emisiebi
mosaxleoba,
proeqtis muSaxeli,
biomravalferovneba.
pirdapiri,
uaryofiTi,
droebiTi (3 weli)
zemoqmedeba.
damabinZureblebis
savaraudo
koncentracia
uaxloes
recipientTan (200 m
daSorebiT)
meryeobs 0.0036-0.27
zdk farglebSi.

xarisxi:
mcire
136

8.2. xmauris gavrceleba
saqarTvelos teritoriaze xmauris gavrcelebis doneebi regulirdeba
dokumentiT sanitaruli normebi 2.2.4/2.1.8 003/004-01. xmauri samuSao
adgilebze, sacxovrebeli da sazogadoebrivi Senobebis saTavsebSi da
sacxovrebeli ganaSenianebis teritoriebze. xmauris done ar unda
aWarbebdes mocemuli dokumentiT dadgenil sidideebs.

cxrili 25. xmaurTan dakavSirebuli zemoqmedebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi
r
a
n
J
i
r
e
b
a

kategoria sacxovrebeli zona
samuSao, samrewvelo an
komerciuli zona
1 Zalian dabali akustikuri foni gaizarda 3 db-ze
naklebiT, sacxovrebel zonaSi
dRis saaTebSi <50 db, xolo
Ramis saaTebSi <45 db.
akustikuri foni gaizarda 3
db-ze naklebiT da <70 db.
2 dabali akustikuri foni gaizarda 3-5db-
iT, sacxovrebel zonaSi dRis
saaTebSi <55 db, xolo Ramis
saaTebSi <45 db.
akustikuri foni gaizarda 3-5
db-iT da <70 db.
3 saSualo akustikuri foni gaizarda 6-10
db-iT sensitiur receptorebTan,
>70 db, akustikuri foni
gaizarda 6-10 db-iT sensitiur
e
q
s
p
l
u
a
t
a
c
i
i
s

e
t
a
p
i

mtvris, wvis produqtebis, SeduRebis
aerozolebis da sxva mavne
nivTierebaTa emisia atmosferul
haerSi teq. momsaxurebis / saremonto
samuSaoebis dros
mtvris wyaro - miwis, nayari
transportireba, Senaxva-gamoyeneba,
sxva.
wvis produqtebis wyaro -
samSeneblo da spec. teqnikis
muSaoba.
SeduRebis aerozolebis wyaro -
liTonis konstruqciebis
samontaJo/sademontaJo samuSaoebi
- sxva mavne nivTierebaTa wyaro -
ubanze arsebuli qimiuri
nivTierebebis (sawvav-sapoxi
masala, saRebavebi da sxva) airadi
emisiebi
mosaxleoba,
proeqtis muSaxeli
pirdapiri,
uaryofiTi,
droebiTi, xanmokle
zemoqmedeba.

xarisxi:
mcire
137

sacxovrebel zonaSi dRis
saaTebSi >55 db, xolo Ramis
saaTebSi >45 db.
receptorebTan.
4 maRali akustikuri foni gaizarda 10 db-
ze metiT sensitiur
receptorebTan, sacxovrebel
zonaSi dRis saaTebSi >70 db,
xolo Ramis saaTebSi >45 db.
>70 db, akustikuri foni
gaizarda 10 db-ze metiT
sensitiur receptorebTan.
5 Zalian maRali akustikuri foni gaizarda 10 db-
ze metiT sensitiur
receptorebTan, sacxovrebel
zonaSi dRis saaTebSi >70 db da
axlavs tonaluri an implusuri
xmauri, xolo Ramis saaTebSi >45
db.
>70 db, axlavs tonaluri an
implusuri xmauri.

xmauris warmoqmna mosalodnelia or ubanze: wyalmimRebis uban da
Zalovani kvanZis ubanze wyalmimRebi igeba kurort udabnos Senobis
maxloblad (minimaluri manZili 40 m). eleqtrosadguri Sendeba
dasaxlebuli ubnebidan moSorebiT. dasaxlebul ubnebze zemoqmedeba
mosalodneli ar aris. xmauri gaangariSebuli iqna qvemoT moyvanili
gantolebebiT.
xmauris wyaroebis doneebi jamdeba Semdegi formuliT:
=
n
i
Lpi
1
1 , 0
10 lg 10 ,
sadac
pi
L i-uri xmauris wyaros simZlavre.
samizne wertilSi bgeriTi wnevis oqtavuri doneebi gamoiTvleba Semdegi
formuliT:
L L r
r
p
a
= + 15 10
1000
10 lg lg lg ,
|
O
sadac
Lp xmauris wyaros bgeriTi wnevis doneebia oqtavur zolebSi;
xmauris wyaros mimarTulebis uganzomilebo koeficientia, gazomili
empiriulad. misi mniSvneloba meryeobs 1-8 farglebSi bgeris gamosxivebis
sivrciTi kuTxis mixedviT;
r manZilia xmauris wyarodan saangariSo wertilamde;
O bgeris gamosxivebis sivrciTi kuTxea da sivrceSi ganTavsebisas: t 4 = O ,
zedapirze ganTavsebisas: t 2 = O , orwaxnaga kuTxeSi ganTavsebisas: t = O ,
xolo samwaxnaga kuTxeSi ganTavsebisas: 2 / t = O ;
a
| bgeris milevaa atmosferoSi (db/km), romelic mocemulia cxrilSi
qvemoT.
oqtavuri zolebis saSualo
geometriuli sixSireebi, hc.
63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000
0
| , db/km
0 0.3 1.1 2.8 5.2 9.6 25 83

138

xmauris done samSeneblo moedanze da uaxloes recipientTan Sefasda
ubnebze xmauris yvela potenciuri wyaros gaTvaliswinebiT.

cxrili 26. xmauris mniSvnelobebi
ubani
ZiriTadi
momuSave
manqana-
mowyobilobeb
i
xmauris
eqviv. done
generac.
adgilze,
dba
manZili
uaxloes
receptoram
de, m
xmauris eqv.
done uaxloes
receptorTan,
dba
n
o
r
m
a
8

wyalmimRebi,
ZiriTadi
banaki
- satvirTo
manqanebi
- eqskavatori
- buldozeri
- amwe
- saburRi manqana
- generatori
- betonis Semrevi
- samsxvrevela
- wylis/ betonis
tumboebi
94 30-50 73-69
d
R
i
s

s
a
a
T
e
b
S
i

5
5

d
b
,

R
a
m
i
s

s
a
a
T
e
b
S
i

4
5

d
b
.

hesis Senoba,
qvesadguri,
banaki
- satvirTo
manqanebi
- eqskavatori
- kompresori
- generatori
- buldozeri
- amwe
- wylisa da
betonis
tumboebi
- betonis Semrevi
90

gamoTvlebi warmoebda sam sxvadasxva wertilSi yvela SesaZlo manqana-
danadgaris erTdrouli muSaobis gaTvaliswinebiT da xmauris minimaluri
ekranirebis daSvebiT (yvelaze araxelsayreli scenari). gaTvlebma cxadyo,
rom wyalmimRebis infrastruqturis samSeneblo samuSaoebiT gamowveuli
xmauri udabnos mineraluri wyaros teritoriaze scdeba dasaSveb zRvrebs.
Tumca, zemoqmedebas adgili eqneba mxolod samSeneblo samuSaoebis
warmoebisas.
xmauris gavrcelebiT gamowveuli zemoqmedeba mniSvnelovani iqneba
adgilobriv velur binebaze, rac dakavSirebuli iqneba cxovelTa
sxvadasxva saxeobebis migraciasTan sxva ubnebze.

8
sanitaruli normebi xmauri samuSao adgilebze, sazogadoebriv SenobebSi, sacxovrebel
saxlebsa da dasaxlebul ubnebze.
139

8.2.3. eqspluatacia
hesis eqspluataciis procesSi xmauris gavrcelebis ZiriTad wyaros 2
hidroturbina warmoadgens. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom tipiuri
hidroturbinebis sapasporto monacemebis mixedviT xmauris maxasiaTeblebi
Seadgens 96 dba-s, orive turbinis erTdroulad muiSaoebis SemTxvevaSi
xmauris eqvivalenturi done generaciis adgilze 99 db-s miaRwevs.
erTdroulad momuSave
turbinebis raodenoba
xmauris eqvivalenturi
done xmauris
warmoqmnis wertilSi,
db
norma
9

ori turbina 99 dRis saaTebSi 55 db
Ramis saaTebSi 45 db erTi turbina 96

turbinis muSaobiT warmoqmnili xmauri STainTqmeba/mcirdeba daxSuli
korpusisa (turbinis garsacmisa) da Senobebis konstruqciis xarjze. hesis
ubnis mdebareobis gaTvaliswinebiT (moSorebiT sacxovrebeli zonidan),
sacxovrebel ubnebze zemoqmedeba mosalodneli ar aris. zemoqmedeba
teqmomsaxureobis/saremonto samuSaoebis warmoebisas iqneba xanmokle da
damokidebulia samuSaoebis moculobasa da xangrZlivobaze.
xmauris zemoqmedebis SemTxvevaSi personals unda daurigdes yursacmebi.
samanqano darbazis samuSao ofisSi unda moewyos tixrebi specialuri,
xmagaumtari masaliT.
zemoqmedeba velur bunebaze. xmauris wyaroebis (turbinebis) zemoqmedeba
Semcirdeba Semosvisa da Senobebis konstruqciis xarjze.
klasifikaciiT:
uaryofiTi,
pirdapiri
uaryofiTi
maRali-saSualo
(wyalmimRebis ubani)
0
(wyalmimRebis
ubani), dabali
-saSualo)
hesis Senobis
gareT); maRali
(SenobaSi)
riski)
maRali maRali
grZelvadiani)
mokle grZelvadiani

9
sanitaruli normebi xmauri samuSao adgilebze, sazogadoebriv SenobebSi, sacxovrebel
saxlebsa da dasaxlebul ubnebze.
140

simwvave mcire mcire, maRali
(SenobaSi)

xmauris Semarbilebel zomebSi Sedis:
manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri gamarTulobis uzrunvelyofa;
kbilana gadacemis uqmi svlaze muSaoba;
xmauriani samuSaoebis warmoeba dRis saaTebSi;
wyalaRebis ubanze samSeneblo samuSaoebis iseT periodebSi dagegmva,
rodesac mineraluri wyaros kurorti ar funqcionirebs;
yursacmebis/yuris sacobebis darigeba personalze;
personalis instruqtaJi (pirveli treningi da Semdgom TiTojer
yovel 6 TveSi erTxel);
saCivrebis Semosvlis SemTxvevaSi maTi dafiqsireba/aRricxva da
saTanado reagireba.
cxrili 27. xmauris zemoqmedeba Sejameba
zemoqmedebisa da
zemoqmedebis wyaroebis
aRwera
zemoqmedebis receptorebi zemoqmedebis daxasiaTeba da
Sefaseba
mSeneblobis etapi
xmauris gavrceleba

wyaroebi sxvadasxva
samSeneblo
samuSaoebisas, aseve,
masalisa da muSaxelis
transportirebisas
gamoyenebuli manqana-
danadgarebi da spec.
teqnika.
mosaxleoba, muSaxeli,
axlomaxlo mobinadre
cxovelebi.
pirdapiri, uaryofiTi, droebiTi
zemoqmedeba, gavrcelebis maqs.
areali - 1 km samuSao zonidan.
zemoqmedeba axlomdebare
macxovreblebze:
xmauris Semcireba udabnos
teritoriaze damokidebulia
mSeneblobis grafikze.
xarisxi: saSualo

zemoqmedeba muSaxelze:
mosalodneli akustikuri foni
samuSao ubnebze Seadgens 98,8
db-s, xolo mSeneblobis ubanze
93,6 db-s.
xarisxi: saSualo

zemoqmedeba velur bunebaze:
mosalodnelia cxovelebis
droebiTi dafrTxoba.
xarisxi: saSualo
eqspluataciis etapi
141

xmauris gavrceleba haerSi
- hesebis eqspluataciisas -
hidroturbinebis muSaoba;
- qvesadguris muSaobiT gamowveuli
xmauri;
- teqmomsaxureobis/saremonto
samuSaoebisas gamoyenebuli
manqanebi da spec. teqnika.
mosaxleoba
axlomdebare
dasaxlebebSi,
proeqtis
muSaxeli,
axlomaxlo
mobinadre
cxovelebi.
zemoqmedeba muSaxelze:
mosalodneli akustikuri foni
samuSao ubnebze Seadgens 99 db-
s.
xarisxi: saSualo-mcire.

zemoqmedeba cxovelebze:
teqmomsaxureobisa da saremonto
samuSaoebis warmoebisas
mosalodnelia droebiTi
zemoqmedeba cxovelebze
(dafrTxoba). turbinebiTa da
transformatoriT gamowveuli
mudmivi xmauri (cxovelebis
adaptirebis unaris
gaTvaliswinebiT).
xarisxi: mcire.

8.3. zemoqmedeba niadagze
niadagze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis proeqtSi gamoyenebuli kriteriumebi
mocemulia qvemoT.
cxrili 28. niadagze, gruntsa da fskerul naleqebze zemoqmedebis
Sefasebis kriteriumebi
r
a
n
J
i
r
e
b
a

kategoria
niadagis nayofieri
fenis ganadgureba
niadagis/gruntis
dabinZureba
fskeruli naleqis
dabinZureba
1 Zalian dabali samudamod ganadgurda
saproeqto
teritoriis 3%-ze
naklebi
niadagis/gruntis fonuri
mdgomareoba SeumCnevlad
Seicvala.
fskeruli naleqebis
fonuri mdgomareoba
SeumCnevlad Seicvala.
2 dabali samudamod ganadgurda
saproeqto
teritoriis 3-10%
damabinZurebeli
nivTierebebis
koncentracia gaizarda
25%-ze naklebiT, magram
dasaSveb sidides ar
aRemateba.
niadagis/gruntis xarisxis
aRsadgenad saWiroa 6 Tve.
damabinZurebeli
nivTierebebis
25%-ze naklebiT.
xarisxis aRsadgenad
saWiroa 6 Tve.
3 saSualo samudamod ganadgurda
saproeqto
teritoriis 10-30%
damabinZurebeli
nivTierebebis
25-100%-iT, magram
dasaSveb sidides ar
aRemateba.
niadagis/gruntis xarisxis
aRsadgenad saWiroa 6-12
damabinZurebeli
nivTierebebis
25-100%-iT. xarisxis
aRsadgenad saWiroa 6-
12 Tve.
142

Tve.
4 maRali samudamod ganadgurda
saproeqto
teritoriis 30-50%;
mcire ubnebi dazianda
saproeqto ubnis
farglebs gareTac,
romelTa
rekultivacia
SesaZlebelia
samSeneblo
samuSaoebis
dasrulebis Semdeg.
damabinZurebeli
nivTierebebis
100%-ze metiT, an
aRemateba dasaSveb
sidides. niadagis/gruntis
xarisxis aRsadgenad
saWiroa 1-2 weli.
damabinZurebeli
nivTierebebis
100%-ze metiT. xarisxis
aRsadgenad saWiroa 1-2
weli.
5 Zalian maRali dazianda an
ganadgurda saproeqto
teritoriis 50%-ze
meti; mcire ubnebi
dazianda saproeqto
ubnis farglebs
gareTac, romelTa
rekultivacia
SesaZlebelia
samSeneblo
samuSaoebis
dasrulebis Semdeg.
damabinZurebeli
nivTierebebis
100%-ze metiT, an
aRemateba dasaSveb
sidides. niadagis/gruntis
xarisxis aRsadgenad
saWiroa 2 welze meti.
damabinZurebeli
nivTierebebis
100%-ze metiT. xarisxis
aRsadgenad saWiroa 2
welze meti.

mSeneblobis procesSi niadagis zemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi
sakiTxebi niadagis xarisxs, niadagis zeda fenaze da niadagis mdgradobas
ukavSirdeba.
niadagis nayofieri fenis sisqe saproeqto ubanze ar aris didi. Tumca, mis
SenarCunebas yuradReba unda mieqces. rogorc zemoT aris naxsenebi,
niadagis nayofier fenaze zemoqmedebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT saWiroa
misi moxsna da grovebad dasawyobeba samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg
ubnebze xelmeored Setanamde. niadagis zeda fenisa da qveniadagis Sereva
dauSvebelia.
niadagis xarisxze SeiZleba, gavlena iqonios transportis moZraobam
(dabekvna, daRvrili sawvaviT/zeTiT dabinZurebam), samSeneblo samuSaoebma,
kerZod, miwis samuSaoebma. niadagis dabinZurebis kidev erTi wyaro
SeiZleba, gaxdes narCenebi (rogorc Txevadi, ise myari), Tu ar moxda maTi
saTanadod marTva, an ubanze arsebuli sawvavis sawyobi da/an samSeneblo
manqana-danadgarebis araswori menejmenti. manqana-danadgarebis
eqspluataciis usafrTxoeba da gamarTuli teqnikur-ekonomikuri
momsaxureoba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania samuSaoebis warmoebisas
mdinaris kalapotis siaxloves, radgan niadagis dabinZurebam SeiZleba,
gamoiwvios zedapiruli wylis/fskeruli naleqebis dabinZureba
dabinZurebuli ubnidan Camdinare nakadiT. fskerul naleqebze gavlena aseve
SeiZleba, moaxdinos sawvavis/zeTis avariulma daRvrebma mdinaris
kalapotTan axlo manZilze momuSave manqana-meqanizmebidan.
143

SeiZleba, adgili hqondes mdinaris kalapotebis niadagis mdgradobis
dakargvas/erozias da ferdobebis potenciur erozias gvirabis wylis
zemoqmedebiT.
kaSxlis ukan Setborvis ferdobebze wylis nakadis cvlilebaze
zemoqmedebis Tavidan acileba xdeba napirdamcavi mokirwyluli
konstruqciis mowyobiT. nakadis raime mniSvnelovani cvlileba kaSxlis
qveda biefSi, ramac SeiZleba napirebis erozia gamoiwvios, mosalodneli ar
aris.
garkveuli zemoqmedeba niadagis xarisxze mosalodnelia teqnikuri
momsaxureobis/reabilitaciis samuSaoebis procesSi. eqspluataciis etapze
zemoqmedebis Serbilebis/Tavidan acilebis mizniT gamoyenebuli unda iqnas
igive zomebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba mSeneblobis etapze.
klasifikaciiT:
uaryofiTi,
pirdapiri/
arapirdapiri
uaryofiTi,
pirdapiri/
arapirdapiri
dabali dabali
riski)
saSualo dabali
grZelvadiani)
mokle mokle
simwvave mcire-saSualo mcire-saSualo

niadagis dazianebis/dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT mSenebelma
kontraqtorma unda gaiTvaliswinos Semdegi garemosdacviTi moTxovnebi:
niadagis nayofieri fenis moxsna da droebiTi dasawyobeba winaswar
SerCeul ubnebze. [niadagi unda ganTavsdes calke ubanze, romelic
daculi unda iyos qaris zemoqmedebiT gafantvisagan da atmosferuli
naleqebis zemoqmedebiT Camorecxvisagan. niadagis gansaTavselad
SerCeuli ubani wylis nagebobidan daSorebuli unda iyos minimum 50
metriT];
mcenareulobis maqsimalurad dacva;
samuSao moednis sazRvrebis mkacri dacva da gzis mokleze gadaWris
aRkveTa, ~mezobeli ubnebis SesaZlo dabinZurebis, niadagis nayofieri
144

fenis dazianebis, niadagis nayofieri fenis dazianebisa da datkepnis
Tavidan acilebis mizniT;
teqnikis gamarTulobis uzrunvelyofa sawvavis/zeTis Jonvis gamo
niadagis dabinZurebis Tavidan asacileblad;
narCenebis marTvisa da meurneobis saTanado menejmenti;
Camdinare wylebis (kanalizacia, sasadilo, manqanebis recxva,
Camdinare wylebi) saTanado menejmenti maTTvis gamwmendi
nagebobebis mowyoba da wmendis infrastruqturis mudmivi
monitoringi;
teritoriaze manqanebis/teqnikis sawvaviT gamarTvis an/da
teqmomsaxurebis akrZalva. gadaudebeli saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi
saWiroa specialuri winaswari sifrTxilis zomebis miReba (SemoRobva,
sawveTuris mowyoba da sxv.);
teqmomsaxureoba da benziniT gamarTva dasaSvebia wyalsatevidan
minimum 50 m manZilze;
manqana-danadgarebisa da samSeneblo teqnikis recxvis aRkveTa
wyalsatevis siaxloves (50 metrze axlos);
sawvavis/zeTis daRvris SemTxvevaSi daRvrili masalis lokalizeba da
dabinZurebuli ubnis dauyovnebeli wmenda;
ubnebis aRWurva daRvraze reagirebis kompleqtebiT (adsorbentebi,
niCbebi da sxv.) (farTomasStabiani daRvris SemTxvevaSi, rac nakleb
mosalodnelia, dabinZurebuli niadagi unda moiWras da gatanil iqnas
remediaciis mizniT Sesabamisi nebarTvis mqone kontraqtoris mier);
samuSaos dawyebamde personalis instruqtaJi garemsdacviTi da
usafrTxoebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT;
droebiTi nagebobebis aReba, narCenebisa da zedmeti masalebis gatana
da ubnebis aRdgena samSeneblo samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg;
naTxari gruntis ganTavsebis ubnebis melioracia/rekultivacia.

SeniSvna: rekomendaciebi niadagis nayofieri fenis menejmentTan
dakavSirebiT:
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces niadagis nayofieri fenis Senaxvas,
radgan niadagis fenis damuSavebis operaciebma (Segroveba, Senaxva)
SeiZleba, gavlena moaxdinos niadagis maxasiaTeblebze da Seamciros misi
revegetaciis unari.
niadagis nayofieri fenis marTvis sayovelTao praqtika, romlis gamoyenebac
rekomendebulia yvela ubanze:
- moerideT sveli an Zalian gamomSrali niadagis zeda fenis moxsnas;
- dasawyobebuli niadagis grovebis simaRle ar unda aRematebodes 2
metrs;
- niadagis zeda fenis damuSavebis operaciebi minimumamde unda iqnas
dayvanili;
- niadagis fena mcenareuli miwisgan, xreSisa da sxva masalebisgan
izolirebulad Senaxva;
- niadagis grovebis eroziisgan dacva;
- moerideT niadagis nayofieri fenis miwaSi Camarxvas;
145

- niadagis Senaxva saWiroa naTxaris zemoT an gverdiT imisda mixedviT,
Tu romeli mimarTulebiT muSavdeba naleqebi, niadagis xemoered
advilad gaSlis mizniT;
- moerideT niadagis grovebis xangrZlivad Senaxvas da am mizniT
dauyovnebliv gamoiyeneT igi damuSavebuli ubnebis reabilitaciis
mizniT;
- niadagis grovebi ganaTavseT transportis moZraobis ubnebidan,
wyalsatevebidan da dabinZurebis wyaroebidan moSorebiT;
- uzrunvelyaviT drenirebis mowyobiloba gruntis didi grovebidan da
maT garSemo arsebuli wylis drenirebis mizniT;
- gazardeT mcenareebi niadagis grovebze (buCqebi, balaxi) grovebis
xangrZlivad Senaxvis SemTxvevaSi;
- moerideT grovebze avtomobiliT siaruls da maT datkepvnas. (niadagi
mSral da araplastikur mdgomareobaSi naklebad midrekilia
datkepnisadmi da inarCunebs misTvis damaxasiaTebeli struqturis
proporciebs).

cxrili 29. zemoqmedeba niadagze Sejameba
zemoqmedebisa da zemoqmedebis
wyaroebis aRwera
zemoqmedebis
receptorebi
zemoqmedebis daxasiaTeba da
Sefaseba
mSeneblobis etapi
zemoqmedeba niadagis safaris
mTlianobasa da stabilurobaze
niadagis nayofieri fenis
dakargva/dazianeba
- manqanebisa da samSeneblo
teqnikis moZraoba;
- miwis samuSaoebi, maT Soris
sxvadasxva nagebobebis
mSeneblobaze misadgomi gzebis
mosawyobad;
- narCenebis marTva.
adgilobrivi
mosaxleoba,
mcenareuloba,
veluri buneba
pirdapiri, uaryofiTi.

xarisxi: dabali

niadagis dabinZureba
- navTobproduqtebis an sxva
qimiuri nivTierebis daRvra,
dabinZureba narCenebiT
- nataniT dabinZurebuli wyliT
dalamva.
mcenareuloba,
zedapiruli da
gruntis wylebi
pirdapiri, uaryofiTi,
droebiTi zemoqmedeba.
gavrcelebis areali
damokidebulia
damabinZurebuli nivTierebebis
raodenobasa da gavrcelebis
gzaze, Tumca ZiriTadad
mosalodnelia mcire
lokaluri daRvrebi.
koncentracia ar gaizrdeba
fonuri koncentraciis 25%-ze
metiT.
xarisxi: mcire.
146

eqspluataciis etapi
zemoqmedeba niadagis safaris
mTlianobasa da stabilurobaze
napirebis erozia Secvlili
hidrologiis gamo; manqanebisa da
samSeneblo teqnikis moZraoba
remontis/teqmomsaxureobisa da
transportirebis mizniT; miwis
samuSaoebi
mcenareuloba,
gruntis wyali,
cxovelebi.
zogadi:
sanapiros dacva
gaTvaliswinebulia proeqtiT.
grZelvadiani zemoqmedeba.
gavrcelebis areali
damokidebulia
raodenobasa da gavrcelebis
gzaze, magram ZiriTadad
mosalodnelia mcire
lokaluri daRvrebi.

- damabinZurebuli
nivTierebebis koncentracia
ar gaizrdeba fonuri
koncentraciis 25%-ze metiT.
mdgomareobis cvlileba
umniSvnelo iqneba.
mdgomareoba SeumCnevlad
Seicvleba.
mxolod
remontis/teqmomsaxureobis
procesSi, romelic ar
aRemateba hesis
infrastruqturiT dakavebuli
farTobis 3%-s.
xarisxi: mcire.
niadagis dabinZureba
navTobproduqtebis an sxva qimiuri
nivTierebis daRvra (mag., saRebavis,
transformatoris zeTis), dabinZureba
narCenebiT.

8.4. zemoqmedeba zedapirul wyalze
zemoqmedeba zedapirul wyalze Sefasda Semdegi kriteriumebis
gaTvaliswinebiT:

cxrili 30. zedapirul wyalze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia
r
a
n
J
i
r
e
b
a

kategoria
zemoqmedeba natanis
moZraobaze
mdinareebis tevadobis
Secvla
wylis xarisxis
gauareseba
1 Zalian dabali myari Camonadenis
cvlileba
praqtikulad
SeumCnevelia; mdinaris
tevadobis cvlileba
SeumCnevelia. ar axdens
gavlenas wylis
habitatze/iqtiofaunaze.
nivTierebebis fonuri
koncentracia da wylis
simRvrive SeumCnevlad
Seicvala.
147

kalapotze da
mdinaris napirebze
zemoqmedebas adgili
ar aqvs.
wyalmoxmareba ucvlelia.
2 dabali myari Camonadeni
Seicvala 1-5%-iT
qveda biefis
wyalmimRebis xarjSi
mdinaris mTels
sigrZeze an mis
zogierT monakveTze,
ramac SeiZleba,
iqonios garkveuli
zemoqmedeba sensitiur
ubnebze, magram
eroziuli procesebi
mniSvnelovnad ar
aqtiurdeba.
mdinaris tevadoba
zogierT monakveTze
Seicvala 10%-iT.
zemoqmedeba droebiTia
(mag., pirvandeli
mdgomareoba aRdgeba
samSeneblo samuSaoebis
dasrulebis Semdeg) an
aris sezonuri (mag.,
adgili aqvs mxolod
wyalmcirobas). ar axdens
gavlenas wylis
habitatebze/
iqtiofaunaze.
wyalmoxmareba Seicvala
droebiT an umniSvnelod.
wylis koncentracia an
simRvrive Seicvala
50%-z naklebiT, magram
ar aWarbebs zRvrulad
dasaSveb
koncentracias.
3 saSualo myari Camonadeni
Seicvala 5-10%-iT
qveda biefis
wyalmimRebis xarjSi
mdinaris mTels
sigrZeze an mis
zogierT monakveTze,
rac axdens garkveul
zemoqmedebas
sensitiur ubnebze.
mosalodnelia
eroziuli procesebis
mniSvnelovnad
gaaqtiureba, an
eroziuli procesebis
ganviTareba eroziis
saSiSroebis mqone
ubnebze.
mdinaris tevadoba
zogierT monakveTze
Seicvala 10-30%-iT.
zemoqmedeba droebiTia
(mag., pirvandeli
mdgomareoba aRdgeba
samSeneblo samuSaoebis
dasrulebis Semdeg) an
aris sezonuri (mag.,
adgili aqvs mxolod
wyalmcirobas).
mosalodnelia garkveuli
gavlena wylis
habitatebze/
iqtiofaunaze.
wyalmoxmareba Seicvala
droebiT da umniSvnelod.
simRvrive Seicvala 50-
100%-iT, magram ar
aWarbebs zRvrulad
dasaSveb
koncentracias.
4 maRali myari Camonadeni
Seicvala 10-15%-iT
qveda biefis
wyalmimRebis xarjSi
mdinaris mTels
sigrZeze an mis
zogierT monakveTze,
rac axdens garkveul
zemoqmedebas
sensitiur ubnebze.
arsebuli eroziuli
procesebi
mniSvnelovnad
gaaqtiurda, an erozia
viTardeba
eroziisadmi midrekil
ubnebze.
mdinaris tevadoba
zogierT monakveTze
Seicvala 30-50%-iT, rasac
Seuqcevadi xasiaTi aqvs;
axdens mniSvnelovan
zemoqmedebas wylis
habitatebze.
mosalodnelia
zemoqmedeba iqtiofaunaze.
gavlena wyalmoxmarebaze
aSkaraa.
simRvrive Seicvala
100%-ze metiT, an
aWarbebs zRvrulad
dasaSveb
koncentracias.
5 Zalian maRali myari Camonadeni mdinaris tevadoba wylis koncentracia an
148

Seicvala >15%-iT
qveda biefis
wyalmimRebis xarjSi
mdinaris mTels
sigrZeze an mis
zogierT monakveTze,
rac axdens
mniSvnelovan
zemoqmedebas mdinaris
qveda biefze, maT
Soris sensitiur
ubnebzec. arsebuli
eroziuli procesebi
mniSvnelovnad
gaaqtiurda, an erozia
ganviTada
eroziisadmi midrekil
an manamde stabilur
ubnebze.
zogierT monakveTze
Seicvala 50%-ze metiT;
zemoqmedebas Seuqcevadi
xasiaTi aqvs; xarjis
nakleboba mniSvnelovan
gavlenas axdens wylis
habitatebze. adgili aqvs
zemoqmedebas
iqtiofaunaze.
mniSvnelovnad Seicvala
wyalmoxmareba.
simRvrive Seicvala
200%-ze metiT da
gadaaWarba zRvrulad
dasaSveb
koncentracias.

potenciuri riskebi, romlebic gadawyvetas saWiroebs, Semdegia:
manqana-danadgarebidan sawvavis/zeTis daRvriT gamowveuli
dabinZureba;
mdinaris siaxloves samuSaoebis Sedegad naleqis/simRvrivis momateba;
fxvieri masaliT dabinZureba arasworad/araefeqturad marTvis gamo;
dabinZureba samSeneblo da sxva narCenebiT, maT Soris gauwmendavi
Camdinare nakadebiTa da gvirabis wylebiTac.

wyalze zemoqmedeba daikvirveba or ubanze wyalmimRebisa da
eleqtrosadguris ubnebze. sawvavis/zeTis daRvriT wylis dabinZurebis
riskis garda, gasaTvaliswinebelia wylis simRvrivis momatebis riski
napirebis eroziis an miwidan dabinZurebuli CamonadeniT dabinZurebis gamo.
zedapiruli wylis xarisxis SenarCuneba SesaZlebelia niadagis dacvis
zomebis gamoyenebis xarjze.
wyalaRebis ubani gansakuTrebiT sensitiuria, radgan samSeneblo samuSaoebi
warmoebs mdinareSi. Setivtivebuli naleqis Semcvelobis droebiTi gazrda
wylis nakadSi gardauvali iqneba. Tumca, napirdamcavi da kaSxlis
nagebobebis mSeneblobiT gamowveuli zemoqmedeba damokidebulia
samuSaoebis warmoebis meTodebze. (mSeneblobis dawyebamde mSenebel
kontraqtors unda daevalos, warmoadginos samuSaoebis warmoebis gegma).
gvirabidan drenirebuli wyali SeiZleba, naleqiT iyos dabinZurebuli.
Tumca, qanebis Semadgenlobis gaTvaliswinebiT, gvirabis wylis
mniSvnelovani simRvrive mosalodneli ar aris. miuxedavad amisa, md.
wablariswylis xarisxze zemoqmedebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT ubanze
moewyoba saleqari auzebi. mSeneblobis etapze SemuSavdeba gvirabis wylis
marTvis gegma. yuradReba unda mieqces im faqts, rom gvirabis mokeTebam da
wyalTan kontaqtSi myof konstruqciebze betonis gamoyenebam SeiZleba,
wylis dabinZureba gamoiwvios. amdenad, aucilebelia wylis xarisxis
149

monitoringi betonis samuSaoebis dros da mdinaris kalapotSi mimdinare
samuSaoebis zedamxedveloba ekologistis mier.
rezinis gasaberi kaSxali ar saWiroebs sazeT-sapoxi masalebis gamoyenebas.
igi ar iJangeba da ar saWiroebs SeRebvas da am TvalsazrisiT,
ekologiurad sufTaa. gube kaSxlis ukan iqneba patara zomis. gubeSi wylis
Sekavebis dro da Setborvis siRrme didi ar aris. mdinaris kalapotis
morfologiis gaTvaliswinebiT, evtrifikaciis riski ar arsebobs.
kaSxlis konstruqciis simaRle didi ar aris (1.5 m). kaSxlis konstruqcia
simaRlis regulirebiT iZleva nakadis regulirebis saSualebas. aRniSnuli
ki iZleva nakadis efeqturad regulirebisa da wylisa da qviSis mdovred
gaSvebis saSualebas mTels WrilSi qveda biefSi dartymis efeqtis gareSe.
hidrologiuri angariSis Tanaxmad, naleqis xarjis 40% Setivnarebulia
wyalSi. kaSxlis konstruqciis gaTvaliswinebiT, Setivnarebuli naleqis
nakadi did zemoqmedebas ar moaxdens garemoze. rac Seexeba kalapotis
datvirTvas, wylis donis matebisas kaSxali iCuteba, rac uzrunvelyofs
msxvilmarcvlovani natanis qveda biefisken gadaadgilebas.
imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom kaSxlis ubnis zemoT wylis dabinZurebis
mnniSvnelovani wyaroebi ar arsebobs (qimiuri analizis Sedegebi cxadyofs,
rom wyali wablariswyalSi akmayofilebs dadgenili standartis
moTxovnebs), CaiTvala, rom xarjis Semcireba ar imoqmedebs mdinaris
TviTgawmendis unarze da qveda dinebaSi ar gamoiwvevs naleqebis/gruntis
dabinZurebas.
xarjis Semcireba mdinaris kalapotSi imoqmedebs hidrobiontebze da
mdinaris ekosistemaze 6 km monakveTis manZilze. miuxedavad saqarTveloSi
sayovelTaod arsebuli praqtikisa, romelic iTvaliswinebs sanitaruli
xarjis Sekavebas mdinaris saSualo mravalwliuri xarjis 10%-is odenobiT
saproeqto kveTis ubanze, rac md. wablariswylis SemTxvevaSi tolia 0.48
m
3
/wm-is, rekomendebulia am midgomis gadaxedva biomravalferovnebis
SenarCunebisTvis saWiro minimaluri xarjis gaTvaliswinebiT,
gansakuTrebiT, roca teqnikuri proeqti iZleva hesis funqcionirebis
Sesabamisi regulirebis saSualebas.
arsebuli statistikuri monacemebisa da wylis biomravalferovnebis
minimaluri moTxovnebis analizis safuZvelze 85%-iani uzrunvelyofis
xarjisTvis, romelic saproeqto gundis mier gaangariSebebSia gamoyenebuli,
rekomendebulia minimaluri xarjis SenarCuneba 1.2 m
3
/wm odenobiT
(absoluturi minimumi SenarCundeba wyalmcirobis periodSi). es Seadgens
saangariSo kveTSi gaangariSebuli saSualo grZelvadiani xarjis
daaxloebiT 25%-s (85%-iani uzrunvelyofis scenari). aseve
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom kaSxlis qveda biefSi wablariswyals uerTdeba
10 Senakadi. ekologiuri da ekonomikuri sakiTxebis sasurveli
wonasworobis uzrunvelsayofad rekomendebulia ganxorcieldes xarjis
monitoringi.

150

ianv. Teb. marti apr. maisi ivn. ivl. agv. seqt. oqt. noemb. dek.

gadagdebuli xarji (10% datovebuli
sanitaruli xarji)

sanitaruli xarji
(10%)

sanitaruli xarji)

datovebuli xarji

gadagdebuli xarji

sur. 53. mdinaris 85%-iani uzrunvelyofis xarji, sanitaruli xarji
(hidrologiuri Sefaseba), gadagdebuli xarji da ekologiurad
mizanSewonili minimaluri xarji wyalaRebis kveTSi

151


sanitaruli xarji)

sanitaruli (10%)

sanitaruli xarji)

datovebuli xarji

gadagdebuli xarji

mizanSewonili minimaluri xarji wyalaRebis kveTSi Tevzis tofobis
sezonis gaTvaliswinebiT

gauwmendavi Camdinare wylis (sakanalizacio wylis) mdinareSi Cadineba
mxedvelobaSi ar aris miRebuli. Camonadenis potenciuri moculobis
gaTvaliswinebiT, mizanSewonilad CaiTvala biologiuri wmendis kompaqturi
nagebobis mowyoba. gamwmendi nageboba unda uzrunvelyofdes gawmendili
nakadis Semdeg xarisxobriv maCveneblebs:

myari Sewonili nawilakebi 45 mg/l
Jangbadis biologiuri moTxovnileba (Jbm) 5 mg/l
amoniumis azoti 0.4 mg/l
qloridebi <350 mg/l
polifosfatebi 0.2 mg/l

zedapiruli wylis dabinZurebisgan dacvis wesebis Tanaxmad (damtkicebuli
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis ministris #130 brZanebiT),
zedamxedveloba zedapiruli wylebis dacvaze ekisreba saministrosa da
wylis momxmarebels (TviTmonitoringi). momxmarebeli valdebulia,
akontrolos Semdegi:
aRebuli, moxmarebuli da CaSvebuli wylis raodenoba da
Camdinare wylis Semadgenloba da maxasiaTeblebi.

kontroli xorcieldeba Semdegi sixSiriT:
parametri sixSire
myari Sewonili nawilakebi kvartaluri
Jangbadis biologiuri moTxovnileba (Jbm) kvartaluri
amoniumis azoti kvartaluri
qloridebi kvartaluri
saerTo fosfori kvartaluri
saerTo navTobis naxSirwyalbadebi (TPH)

Tavad wyalmimRebi nageboba ar moaxdens gavlenas mdinaris wylis xarisxze.

152

zemoT moyvanili ricxviTi maCveneblebis gaTvaliswinebiT, zemoqmedebis
Sefaseba moxda Semdegi klasifikaciiT:

uaryofiTi,
pirdapiri
uaryofiTi
sidide (Zalian dabali, dabali, saSualo,
maRali, Zalian maRali)
dabali-saSualo dabali-
saSualo
albaToba (dabali, saSualo, maRali riski) maRali dabali
saproeqto
areali
saproeqto
areali
(kaSxlis qveda
biefi)
grZelvadiani)
mokle grZelvadiani
Seqcevadoba (Seqcevadi/Seuqcevadi) Seqcevadi
simwvave mcire-saSualo saSualo-
maRali

mSeneblobis etapi
zedapirul wylebze uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis Semcirebis mizniT mSenebelma
kontraqtorma unda uzrunvelyos Semdegi:
teqnikis ganTavseba minimum 50 m manZilze zedapiruli wylis
obieqtidan (SeZlebisdagvarad; Tu es SeuZlebelia, saWiroa mudmivi
kontroli da usafrTxoebis zomebis miReba wylis dabinZurebis
Tavidan asacileblad);
moerideT mdinaris kalapotis Caxergvas samuSaoebis warmoebisas
mdinaris kalapotSi da mis maxloblad;
teqnikis/aRWurvilobis gamarTulobis uzrunvelyofa sawvavis/zeTis
Jonvis gamo niadagis dabinZurebis riskis minimumamde dayvanis mizniT;
masalebisa da narCenebis marTvis mowinave meTodebis gamoyeneba;
teritoriaze manqanebis/teqnikis sawvaviT gamarTvis an/da
teqmomsaxurebis akrZalva. Tu amis gadaudebeli saWiroeba iqna, es
unda moxdes wylisgan minimum 50 m daSorebiT, daRvris (da
Sesabamisad niadagis/wylis dabinZurebis) Tavidan acilebisTvis
gansazRvruli usafrTxoebis RonisZiebebis gatarebiT;
niadagze sawvavis/zeTis daRvris SemTxvevaSi, daRvrili masalis
lokalizacia da dabinZurebuli ubnis dauyovnebliv gawmenda
damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis wyalSi moxvedris Tavidan acilebis
mizniT;
manqana-danadgarebis recxvis aRkveTa wyalsatevis siaxloves;
gauwmendavi Camdinare wylis CaSvebis aRkveTa;
drenaJis sistemisa da droebiTi saleqari auzebis mowyoba
zedapiruli Camonadenisa da gvirabis wylebisTvis;
153

samuSaos dawyebamde personalis instruqtaJi garemos dacvis da
usafrTxoebis sakiTxebze.

eqspluataciis etapi
hesebis kaskadis funqcionirebis etapze zedapirul wyalze zemoqmedebis
minimumamde dayvanis mizniT saWiroa Semdegi Semarbilebeli zomebis miReba:
kaSxlis qveda biefSi biologiuri nakadis mkacri monitoringi.
xarjis regulireba, Tu Semcirebuli bunebrivi nakadis kveTSi
fiqsirdeba biomravalferovnebis statusis mqone garemo;
sitematuri kontroli narCenebis marTvis gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli
zomebis ganxorcielebaze;
Camdinare wylebis gamwmendi nagebobis funqcionirebis efeqturobis
kontroli;
sitematuri kontroli sawvavis/zeTis Senaxvisa da gamoyenebis wesebis
dacvaze;
sawvavis/zeTis avariuli daRvris SemTxvevaSi dabinZurebis
lokalizeba da zomebis ganxorcieleba zedapiruli wylebis xarisxis
daqveiTebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT;
personalis instruqtaJi garemos dacvis da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebze.
cxrili 31. zemoqmedeba zedapirul wylebze Sejameba
wyaroebis aRwera
zemoqmedebis
receptorebi
zemoqmedebis daxasiaTeba
da Sefaseba
mSeneblobis etapi
zemoqmedeba natanis moZraobaze

mdinaris kalapotis dinamikis
cvlileba da napirebis stabilurobis
Secvla
wylis
biomravalferovneba
simRvrivis mateba
mSeneblobis procesSi
(droebiTi, uaryofiTi,
pirdapiri zemoqmedeba).
xarisxi: Zalian dabali
mdinaris wylis xarjis cvlileba wylis
biomravalferovneba
droebiTi zemoqmedeba
kaSxlis mSeneblobis
procesSi.
xarisxi: dabali
wylis dabinZureba (Sewonili
nawilakebiT, navTobis
hidrokarbonatebiTa da sxv.)
simRvrivis matebis wyaro Camdinare
wylebi, dabinZurebuli Camonadeni.
naxSirwyalbadiT/qimiuri nivTierebebiT
dabinZurebis wyaro sawvavis/zeTis
avariuli daRvra; dabinZurebuli
ubnebidan Camonadeni.
dabinZurebis sxva wyaroebi myari
narCenebi.
axlomdebare
dasaxlebebis
mcxovreblebi,
mdinaris
mobinadreebi,
sasoflo-sameurneo
miwis nakveTebi,
romlebic irwyveba
dabinZurebuli
wyliT.
mdinaris
kalapotSi/kalapotTan
axlos samuSaoebis
procesSi.
xarisxi: dabali

eqspluataciis etapi
154

zemoqmedeba natanis moZraobaze

mdinaris kalapotis dinamikis
cvlileba da napirebis stabilurobis
Secvla
hidrobiontebi,
mdinaris kalapotis
morfologia
myari Camonadenis
cvlilebam SeiZleba,
gavlena moaxdinos
wylis
biomravalferovnebaze
(pirdapiri da iribi
zemoqmedeba), Tumca
mimdinare eroziuli
procesebi ar aris
mniSvnelovnad
gaaqtiurebuli.
xarisxi: dabali
mdinaris wylis xarjis cvlileba wylisa da mdinaris
biomravalferovneba
xangrZlivi zemoqmedeba.
zemoqmedeba ZiriTadad
sezonuria (adgili aqvs
wyalmcirobis
periodebSi); garkveuli
zemoqmedeba
mosalodnelia wylis
sensitiur
habitatebze/iqtiofaunaze.
xarisxi: saSualo-maRali
zedapiruli wylebis dabinZureba
(simRvrive, hidrokarbonatebiTa da sxva
nivTierebebiT dabinZureba)
simRvrivis matebis wyaro
hidroteqnikuri nagebobidan Carecxili
naleqi;
naxSirwyalbadiT/qimiuri nivTierebebiT
dabinZurebis wyaro hesis namuSevari
wylis dabinZureba turbinis zeTiT;
avariuli daRvrebi; dabinZurebuli
Camonadeni.
dabinZurebis sxva wyaroebi
danagvianeba.
wylisa da mdinaris
biomravalferovneba
xangrZlivi zemoqmedeba.
xarisxi: dabali-Zalian
dabali

155

8.5. zemoqmedeba gruntis wyalze
cxrili 32. gruntis wyalze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi
r
a
n
J
i
r
e
b
a

kategoria
gruntis wylis Semcvelobis
cvlileba
gruntis wylis
10
xarisxis
daqveiTeba
1 Zalian dabali Semcveloba SeumCnevlad Seicvala nivTierebebis fonuri
koncentracia SeumCnevlad
Seicvala.
2 dabali gruntis wylis done mniSvnelovnad
Semcirda, magram aRniSnuls gavlena
ar mouxdenia wylis doneze
WaburRilSi da arc gazafxulis
Camonadenze
II jgufis
11
nivTierebebis
koncentracia dasaSvebze naklebia.
3 saSualo gruntis wylis done mniSvnelovnad
Semcirda da imavdroulad, Semcirda
WaburRilebidan wyalaRebac,
daikvirveba garkveuli gavlena
gazafxulis Camonadenze.
II jgufis

nivTierebebis
koncentracia aWarbebs sasmeli
wylis dasaSveb maCveneblebs.
4 maRali WaburRilebi droebiT ar muSaobs,
zedapiruli wylis nagebobebSi
Semcirda gantvirTva, rac iwvevs
sezonur gvalvas da gavlenas axdens
ekologiur garemoze.
fiqsirdeba I jgufis mavne
nivTierebebis koncentracia.
5 Zalian maRali WaburRilebi gauwylovanebulia,
zedapiruli wylis nagebobebSi
gantvirTva ar xdeba, iqmneba
gvalvisa da bunebriv garemoze
zemoqmedebis saSiSroeba.
I jgufis mavne nivTierebebis
koncentracia aWarbebs sasmeli
wylisTvis dadgenil dasaSveb
maCveneblebs.

zemoqmedebas gruntis wylis xarisxze SeiZleba, adgili hqondes miwis
samusaoebis warmoebisas, gansakuTrebiT im ubnebze, sadac gamovlenilia
mcire simZlavris gawylovanebuli fenebi.
gruntis wyalze zemoqmedeba SeiZleba, iyos Semdegi saxis:
pirdapiri mag., miwis samuSaoebis warmoebisas (burRva, saZirkvlis
amoTxra da sxv.) da
iribi dabinZureba infiltrirebuli CamonadeniT dabinZurebuli
niadagis ubnidan, an dabinZurebul zedapirul wyalsa da miwisqveSa
wyals Soris hidravlikuri kavSiris arsebobis gamo.

10
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT miwisqveSa wylis xarisxi ar regulirdeba. amitom
SefasebisTvis gamoyenebulia sasmeli wylis standarti.
11
1979 wlis 17 dekembris evrokavSiris direqtiva 80/60/EEC gruntis wylis dacva sxvadasxva
saxifaTo nivTierebebiT dabinZurebisgan.
156

mSeneblobis procesSi da gansakuTrebiT, eqskavaciis samuSaoebisas
arsebobs wyalSemcveli fenis CaWris saSiSroeba. zemoqmedebis masStabis
prognozuli Sefaseba proeqtis mocemul etapze SeuZlebelia.

saproeqto ubani esazRvreba sairmes mineraluri wylisa da udabnos
Termuli wylebis wyaroebs. arsebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, sairmes
mineraluri wylis sabados sazRvrebi emTxveva kurortis sazRvrebs (sairmes
mineraluri wylis sabados aRweriloba mocemulia XXXX TavSi). Sefasebis
Tanaxmad, wylis gadagdeba kaSxlis qveda biefSi ar iqoniebs gavlenas
mineraluri wylis obietze.
gruntis wyalze zemoqmedebis riski eqspluataciis etapsi mcirea. gruntis
wylis xarisxze nulovani zemoqmedebis uzrunvelyofa SesaZlebelia
garemosdacviTi da meurneobis efeqturi marTvis xarjze.
klasifikaciiT:
uaryofiTi,
pirdapiri
uaryofiTi,
pirdapiri
dabali dabali
riski)
dabali dabali
grZelvadiani)
mokle
Seqcevadoba (Seqcevadi/Seuqcevadi) Seqcevadi

gruntis wylis dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT saWiroa gruntisa da
zedapiruli wylis xarisxis dacvis zomebis ganxorcieleba.
cxrili 33. zemoqmedeba gruntis wyalze Sejameba
wyaroebis aRwera
zemoqmedebis
receptorebi
zemoqmedebis
daxasiaTeba da
Sefaseba
mSeneblobis etapi
157

8.6. zemoqmedeba xmeleTisa da wylis ekologiaze
ekologiur sistemaze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi mocemulia
cxrilSi 35.

12
1979 wlis 17 dekembris EU direqtiva 80/60/EEC gruntis wylis dacvis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva
saxifaTo nivTierebebisgan.
gruntis wylis xarjis cvlileba

gruntis wylis
obieqtTan
hidravlikuri
kavSiris mqone
zedapiruli
wylebi

xarisxi: dabali-
saSualo
gruntis wylis xarisxis daqveiTeba gruntis wylis
obieqtTan
hidravlikuri
kavSiris mqone
zedapiruli
wylebi
pirdapiri an
arapirdapiri
uaryofiTi, droebiTi
zemoqmedeba.
mosalodnelia II
jgufis
12
nivTierebebis
koncentraciis
gadaWarbeba dasaSveb
maCvenebelze.
eqspluataciis etapi
gruntis wylis xarjis cvlileba

gruntis wylis
obieqtTan
hidravlikuri
kavSiris mqone
zedapiruli
wylebi
xangrZlivi
zemoqmedeba. gruntis
wylis Semcvelobis
mniSvnelovani
cvlileba
gruntis wylis xarisxis daqveiTeba gruntis wylis
obieqtTan
hidravlikuri
kavSiris mqone
zedapiruli
wylebi
pirdapiri an
arapirdapiri
uaryofiTi,
xangrZlivi
zemoqmedeba.
nivTierebebis fonuri
koncentraciis
mniSvnelovani
cvlileba
158

cxrili 34. xmeleTisa da wylis ekologiaze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis
kriteriumebi
r
a
n
J
i
r
e
b
a

kategoria
zemoqmedeba
habitatis
mTlianobaze
zemoqmedeba saxeobaTa
qcevaze
habitatebis/
saxeobebis
aRdgenis unari
zemoqmedeba
dacul
habitatebze
1 Zalian
dabali
umniSvnelo
zemoqmedeba
habitatis
mTlianobaze
mcire zomis
ZuZumwovrebis/Tevzis
saxeobebis qcevis
cvlileba an daRupva
mosalodneli ar aris,
invaziuri saxeobebis
gavrcelebis safrTxe
ar arsebobs.
srulad aRdgeba
rekultivaciis
samuSaoebis
dasrulebis Semdeg
(<1 weli)
qveynis
kanonmdeblobiT
an
saerTaSoriso
konvenciebiT
dacul
teritoriebze
zemoqmedebas
adgili ar aqvs.
2 dabali SesamCnevi
zemoqmedeba
dabali
Rirebulebis
habitatis
mTlianobaze, maT
Soris
habitatebis
dakargva 10-20 ha
miwis farTobze
qcevis cvlileba
dgindeba standartuli
meTodebis gamoyenebiT.
mcire zomis
mosalodnelia
ZuZumwovrebis/Tevzis
naklebad Rirebuli
saxeobebis daRupva.
gavrcelebis safrTxe
ar arsebobs.
aRdgena
rekultivaciis
samuSaoebis
dasrulebis Semdeg
2 weliwadSi
droebiTi,
xanmokle, mcire
zomis
zemoqmedeba
kanonmdeblobiT
an
saerTaSoriso
konvenciebiT
dacul,
romelic ar
gamoiwvevs
ekologiuri
mTlianobis
xangrZlivad
darRvevas.
3 saSualo SesamCnevi
zemoqmedeba
habitatis
mTlianobaze,
Rirebuli
habitatebis
Semcireba,
naklebad
Rirebuli miwis
farTobebis
dakargva (20-50 ha)
Rirebuli saxeobebis
qcevis cvlileba
mosalodnelia
cxovelebis naklebad
Rirebuli saxeobebis
daRupva, invaziuri
saxeobebis gavrceleba.
aRdgena
rekultivaciis
samuSaoebis
dasrulebis Semdeg
2-5 weliwadSi
mcire masStabis
zemoqmedeba
kanonmdeblobiT/
saerTaSoriso
konvenciebiT
dacul, Tumca,
ekosistema
aRdgeba 3
weliwadSi.
4 maRali daculi an
adgilobrivi
mniSvnelobis
habitatebis
Semcireba, 50-100
ha naklebad
Rirebuli
habitatebis
dakargva.
Rirebuli saxeobebis
qcevis cvlileba
mosalodnelia
cxovelebis Rirebuli
saxeobebis daRupva,
gavrceleba.
aRdgena
rekultivaciis
samuSaoebis
dasrulebis Semdeg
5-10 weliwadSi
mcire masStabis
zemoqmedeba
kanonmdeblobiT/
saerTaSoriso
konvenciebiT
dacul,
Serbilebis
zomebi xels
Seuwyobs
ekosistemis
aRdgenas, rasac
daaxl. 5 weli
159

dasWirdeba.
5 Zalian
maRali
daculi an
adgilobrivi
mniSvnelobis
habitatebis
Semcireba an
naklebad
Rirebuli
habitatebis
dakargva >100 ha-
ze met farTobze.
Rirebuli saxeobebis
qcevis cvlileba
mosalodnelia
cxovelebis Rirebuli
saxeobebis daRupva,
gavrceleba.
aRdgenas
rekultivaciis
samuSaoebis
dasrulebis Semdeg
sWirdeba 10 welze
meti.
adgili aqvs
zemoqmedebas
kanonmdeblobiT/
saerTaSoriso
konvenciebiT
dacul.

8.6.2. zemoqmedeba floraze
8.6.2.1. mSeneblobis etapi
floraze zemoqmedeba mSeneblobis etapze SeiZleba, iyos pirdapiri
(dazianeba, danakargi) da iribi (emisiebi).
proeqtis ganxorcielebis mizniT gamoiyeneba ori ubani kaSxlisa da
hidroeleqtrosadguris ubani. garda amisa, dadgenilia poligonebis
potenciuri ubnebi narCenebis gansaTavseblad. mSeneblobisTvis SerCeuli
teritoria mcenareulobis mravalferovnebis TvalsazrisiT Raribia.
pirdapiri zemoqmedeba mcenareulobaze iqneba minimaluri. proeqtis
pirdapiri/arapirdapiri zemoqmedebis zonaSi moqceuli arc erTi saxeoba ar
warmoadgens dacul saxeobas. samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg moxdeba
narCenebis poligonebisa da droebiTi sargeblobis ubnebis rekultivacia.
banakebis/samuSao moednis sazRvrebis mkacrad dacva Seamcirebs pirdapiri
zemoqmedebis risks mcenareulobaze da gruntis datkepvniT gamowveul
arapirdapiri zemoqmedebis risks.
mcenareulobis dacvas aseve, xels Seuwyobs miwis samuSaoebis warmoebisas
da poligonebze operaciebis warmoebisas ferdobebis mdgradobisa da
eroziis kontroli.
iribi zemoqmedeba (mtvrisa da gamonabolqvis zemoqmedeba) iqneba lokaluri
xasiaTis, umniSvnelo da xanmokle.
8.6.2.2. eqspluataciis etapi
operirebis etapze pirdapiri zemoqmedeba floraze mosalodneli ar aris.
mcenareebze zemoqmedebis marTva moxdeba qvesadguris teritoriaze
arsebuli mcenareebis kontrolis gziT. SeiZleba, rekomendebuli iyos
mcenareebis dargva hesis mimdebare teritoriaze.
8.6.2.3. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
klasifikaciiT:
uaryofiTi,
pirdapiri
uaryofiTi,
pirdapiri
dabali-saSualo dabali
160

riski)
maRali dabali
grZelvadiani)
mokle mokle

8.6.2.4. Semarbilebeli zomebi
- transportis moZraobis marSrutis mkacrad dacva (mokle gzebiT
siarulis aRkveTa) da banakebis/samSeneblo ubnebis sazRvrebis
mkacrad dacva mcenareuli safaris zedmetad dazianebis riskis
minimumamde dayvanis mizniT;
- samuSaoebis dawyebamde personalis instruqtaJi mcenareuli safaris
dacvis sakiTxebis Sesaxeb;
- niadagis, wylisa da haeris dacvis zomebis ganxorcieleba (ix.
dokumentis Sesabamisi Tavebi);
- kulturuli da dekoratiuli xe-mcenareebis dargva proeqtis
mimdebare teritoriaze.
8.6.2.5. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
narCeni zemoqmedeba mSeneblobisa da eqspluataciis etapebze SeiZleba,
klasificirebuli iqnas, rogorc umniSvnelo.
8.6.3. zemoqmedeba faunaze
8.6.3.1. mSeneblobis etapi
hesis mSenebloba ukavSirdeba faunis droebiT SeSfoTebasa da zemoqmedebis
qveS myofi ubnebidan cxovelebis SesaZlo migracias. samSeneblo
samuSaoebma cxovelTa biomravalferovnebaze SeiZleba, Semdegi saxis
zemoqmedeba moaxdinos:
- samSeneblo samuSaoebis warmoebisas gaZlierdeba vibracia da xmauris
done (unda aRiniSnos, rom futkrebi sensitiuri arian vibraciisadmi.
xmaurma da vibraciam SeiZleba, gamoiwios xmeleTis faunis
SeSfoTebac. wylis saxeobebi aRiqvamen xmaurs wyalSi/xmeleTze.
sxvadasxva saxeobis mgrZnobeloba xmaurze damokidebulia xmauris
sixSireze da xmauris im minimalur doneze, romelsac isini aRiqvamen.
cxovelebis aSkara reaqcia xmaurze sxvadasxvaa zogi cxoveli
TiTqmis ar reagirebs xmaurze, zogic maSinve garbis. cxovelis
qceviTi reaqcia xmaurze damokidebulia xmauris wyaroze, imaze,
mosalodnelia xmauri Tu ara, xmauris akustikur maxasiaTeblebze
(simaRle, xangrZlivoba, sixSire), calkeuli cxovelis gamocdilebaze
da sxva stres-faqtorebis arsebobaze (mag., damafrTxobeli obieqtebi,
161

adamianebi, qimiuri da fizikuri agentebi). literaturul wyaroebSi
mocemulia reaqciis xuTi sxvadasxva done:
1. aRqmis done xmauris done, romelsac saxeobebi rogorc wesi,
aRiqvamen mSvid mdgomareobaSi;
2. Tavis daRweva - xmauris done, romlis drosac saxeobebi aqtiurad
cdiloben Tavis daRwevas xmaurisgan, magaliTad, curviT/gaqceviT.
zRurbli icvleba xmauris sixSiris mixedviT. qceviTi reaqcia wylis
binadrebSi vlindeba 90 db-ze meti xmauris SemTxvevaSi. xmauris am
doneze individebi avlenen gaRizianebas, rac gamoixateba maTi
mcdelobiT, rac SeiZleba, swrafad moSordnen xmauris wyaros.
3. smenis droebiTi dazianeba xmauris done, romelic iwvevs individis
smenis sensitiurobis droebiT da Seqcevad cvlilebas. rodesac
cxoveli eqceva maRali xmauris zemoqmedebis qveS drois garkveuli
periodiT, misi smenadobis simaxvile SeiZleba, droebiT daqveiTdes,
anu cxoveli SeiZleba, ver aRiqvamdes xmauris iseT dones, romelsac
igi Cveulebriv pirobebSi aRiqvams. es movlena Seqvcevadia (anu qreba)
cxovelis maRali xmauris wyarodan moSorebis Semdeg garkveuli
drois Semdeg.
4. smenadobis samudamod Secvla xmauris done, romelic iwvevs
individis smenis sensitiurobis samudamo cvlilebas.
5. fizikuri dazianeba xmauris done an wnevis done, romelic iwvevs
organizmis smenis aparatis, sxva organoebisa da qsovilebis
seriozul fizikur dazianebas.

gareul ZuZumwovrebze Catarebuli kvlevebis umetesoba xmaurTan
dakavSirebiT cxadyofs, rom cxovelebs aReniSnebaT qceviTi reaqciebi. am
reaqciebis zogierTi saxea: gaSeSeba an SiSi, Tavis daRwevis mcdeloba da
sxv.
frinvelebs A skalis mixedviT smenis dakargva aReniSnebaT 95-100 db xmauris
pirobebSi. frinvelebSi xmauris zemoqmedebiT dafiqsirda ori saxis smeniTi
cvlileba: guliscemis sixSiris cvlileba da kvercxisdebis periodebis
cvlileba. frinvelebze xmauris qceviTi zemoqmedebis or saxeSi Sedis
SiSis rigi reaqciebi, Secvlili qceva Sejvarebisas da sxva xmaurian
ubnebze Tavmoyra (savaraudod, im ubnebze, sadac isini xmaurs ar elian).
SiSis reaqciebi frinvelebSi SeiZleba, gamoxatuli iyos dafrTxobiT an
ufro seriozul SemTxvevebSi budis mitovebiT, ris gamoc SeiZleba,
budeSi Cadebuli kvercxebi ver gamoiCekos.
savaraudod, xmauri sakmaod seriozul fiziologiur zians ayenebs
kvercxebsa da lifsitebs, vidre zrdasrul Tevzs.
savaraudod, xmauris zemoqmedebis Sedegad mcirdeba mweris zogierTi
saxeobis sicocxlis xangrZlivoba, icvleba maTi gamravlebis unari da
qceva.
satransporto moZraobam SeiZleba, gamoiwvios Sejaxeba/dazianeba;
mcenareulobis dakargvam SeiZleba, gamoiwvios velur bunebaze
zemoqmedeba;
mtverma SeiZleba, gavlena moaxdinos xerxemlianebisa da
uxerxemloebis sakveb bazaze;
162

tranSeebi (Txrilebi) safrTxes uqmnis patara zomis cxovelebs,
romlebic SeiZleba, Cavardnen TxrilSi da daSavdnen;
saxeobebis Tavisufali gadaadgilebis SezRudva droebiTi nagebobebis
mSeneblobis procesSi;
habitatebis droebiTi fragmentacia;
samSeneblo samuSaoebiT gamowveulma wylis simRvrivis droebiTma
momatebam SeiZleba, gavlena iqonios iqtiofaunaze. md.
wablariswyalSi aRnusxulia Tevzis Semdegi saxeobebi: kalmaxi,
Wanari da qaSapi. md. wablariswylis zonaSi Tevzis tofobis periodi
grZeldeba ianvridan aprilamde, rac gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos
samSeneblo samuSaoebis dagegmvisas;
wylisa da niadagis mavne nivTierebebiT dabinZurebam SeiZleba,
zemoqmedeba moaxdinos Tevzebze, amfibiebze da cxovelebze, romlebic
binadroben daRvris/dabinZurebis ubnebze an mimdebare teritoriaze;
ganaTebis zemoqmedeba;
SeSfoTeba adamianebisa da manqana-danadgarebis arsebobis gamo.

proeqtis pirdapiri/arapirdapiri zemoqmedebis zonaSi moqceuli arc erTi
saxeoba ar warmoadgens dacul saxeobas.
8.6.3.2. eqspluataciis etapi
faunaze zemoqmedeba ganxiluli iqneba auzidan qveda biefamde, gvirabis
teritoriis gamoklebiT. zemoqmedebis wyaroebia:
denis generatorebi, transformatori xmauris zemoqmedeba;
moedanze xalxis arsebobiT gamowveuli xmauri da SeSfoTeba;
dabinZureba narCenebiT (myari/Txevadi) - narCenebis arasaTanado
menejmentis SemTxvevaSi;
frinvelebis daRupva eleqtrosadenebze (qvesadgurze/
transformatoris ubanze);
eleqtromagnituri veli;
kaSxlis konstruqcia kaSxlis qveda biefSi Semcirebul xarjTan
dakavSirebuli zemoqmedeba;
Tevzebisa da lifsitebis SesaZlo daRupva agregatebze.

xmaurTan dakavSirebuli zemoqmedeba SesaZloa, arc Tu seriozuli iyos,
radgan cocxali bunebis warmomadgenlebi droTa manZilze eCvevian
gamudmebul xmaurs ise, rom xmaurze raime fiziologiur reaqciebs aRar
avlenen (adaptacia). hidroeleqtrosadguris xmauris CaxSoba moxdeba
arsebuli karkasiTa da Senobis konstruqciis xarjze. rac Seexeba
transformatoris xmaurs, igi mniSvnelovan SemaSfoTebel faqtorad ar
iTvleba. unda aRiniSnos, rom xmauri sadguris eqspluataciis etapze ar
aris wyvetadi xasiaTis, ra SemTxvevaSic masTan Segueba SedarebiT
xangrZlivi iqneboda.
zemoqmedeba iqtiofaunaze gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania. Semcirebuli
xarjis zemoqmedeba wylis biomravalferovnebaze sxvadasxva xasiaTisaa da
masSi Sedis: pirdapiri zemoqmedeba Semcirebuli xarji Tavad da mis
Sedegad miRebuli Jangbadis Secvlili Semadgenloba, wylis Secvlili
163

temperatura da mdinaris kalapotis morfologiis SesaZlo cvlileba.
aRniSnulma cvlilebebma Tavis mxriv, SeiZleba, gavlena moaxdinos
gamravlebis unarze, tofobis adgilebze kaSxlis qveda biefSi da sakvebi
bazis potenciur Semcirebaze. zemoqmedebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT
kaSxlis qveda biefSi SenarCunebuli iqneba ekologiuri xarji (ix. nawili
8.4). rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, md. wablariswylis zonaSi Tevzis tofobis
periodi ianvridan aprilamde grZeldeba. am periodSi gansakuTrebuli
monitoringi unda dawesdes wylis gadagdebasa da sanitaruli xarjis
siCqareebze.


sanitaruli xarji)

sanitaruli (10%)

sanitaruli xarji)

datovebuli xarji

gadagdebuli xarji

mizanSewonili minimaluri xarji wyalaRebis kveTSi Tevzis tofobis
sezonis gaTvaliswinebiT

auzis mokirwyluli konstruqcia da saleqaris gare kedeli moikirwyleba.
aRniSnuli meTodi ekologiurad sufTaa. konstruqciiT gaTvaliswinebuli
iqneba Tevzis bunebriv sacxovrebel garemosTan maqsimalurad miaxloebuli
garemo.
Tevzsatari moewyoba bunebrivi samSeneblo masaliT an adgilze arsebuli
samSeneblo masalebis gamoyenebiT.
164

hesebis funqcionireba ar gamoiwvevs wylis xarisxis daqveiTebas.
wyalmimRebi aRWurvilia TevzsatariT da ar Seaferxebs Tevzebis migracias.
eleqtroblokebi, rogoricaa transformatorebi, SeiZleba, saxifaTo iyos
patara CitebisTvisac ki, radgan isini aRWurvilia uamravi patara zomis da
garedan TvaliT SeumCneveli eleqtronawiliT.
eleqtromagnituri velis gavlena faunaze seriozuli kvlevis sagania.
mravaljeradi kvlevebiT Seswavlilia, Tu ramdenad iwvevs
eleqtromagnituri veli simsivnes da/an janmrTelobis sxva problemebs.
amasTan dakavSirebiT Seswavlilia iseTi faqtorebi, rogoricaa
Tandayolili defeqtebi, imunuri funqcia, gamravleba, qceva da aTvisebis
unari. cxovelebze Catarebulma kvlevebma ar daadastura eleqtromagnituri
velis roli simsivnuri/arasimsivnuri daavadebebis gamowvevaSi. Tumca,
kvlevebis Sedegebi absoluturad erTmniSvnelovani rodia. dRemde ar
arsebobs sarwmuno faqti, romelze dayrdnobiTac SesaZlebeli iqneboda
imis mtkiceba, rom eleqtromagnituri velis zemoqmedeba aris an ar aris
genotoqsikuri.
klasifikaciiT:
uaryofiTi,
pirdapiri/
arapirdapiri
uaryofiTi,
pirdapiri/
arapirdapiri
dabali-saSualo saSualo
maRali (Tevzis
populacia -
yvelaze
problemuri)
riski)
maRali maRali
samuSao
ubani/saproeqto
ubani
saproeqto
ubani
grZelvadiani)
mokle grZelvadiani
Seqcevadoba (Seqcevadi/Seuqcevadi) Seqcevadi Seqcevadi/
Seuqcevadi
simwvave mcire-saSualo saSualo-
maRali

faunaze zemoqmedebis Semcirebis mizniT unda ganxorcieldes Semdegi
Semarbilebeli zomebi:
transportis moZraobis marSrutisa da mSeneblobis ubnis sazRvrebis
mkacri dacva (exeba rogorc mSeneblobis, ise eqspluataciis etaps);
165

transportis moZraobis optimaluri siCqaris SerCeva pirdapiri
zemoqmedebis (dajaxebis) riskis Sesamcireblad (exeba rogorc
mSeneblobis, ise eqspluataciis etaps);
zomebis ganxorcieleba samuSaoebis warmoebis procesSi mtvris
Semcirebis mizniT (exeba rogorc mSeneblobis, ise eqspluataciis
etaps);
mSeneblobis procesSi xmaurisa da vibraciis Semcirebis zomebis
ganxorcieleba;
samSeneblo xmaurisa da sxva SeSfoTebis minimumamde Semcireba
budobis sezonze;
narCenebis marTvis saTanado gegma (exeba rogorc mSeneblobis, ise
eqspluataciis etaps);
wyalsatevebTan da gruntis siaxloves navTobproduqtebisa da sxva
damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis daRvris aRkveTis zomebi (exeba
rogorc mSeneblobis, ise eqspluataciis etaps);
Txrilebi, tranSeebi da sxv. daculi unda iyos, raTa maTSi ar
Cacvivdnen cxovelebi. didi saxeobis cxovelebis SemTxvevaSi saWiroa
mkveTri feris lentis gamoyeneba, xolo patara zomis cxovelebisTvis
nebismieri brtyeli gadaxurvis masala TeTri Tunuqi,
polieTileni da sxv. tranSeeesa da TxrilebSi unda Caewyos grZeli
dafebi an morebi damrecad, rom Sig Cavardnilma mcire zomis
cxovelebma SesZlon ormodan amoRweva. miwiT Sevsebamde tranSeebi
unda Semowmdes;
personalis instruqtaJi samuSaoebis dawyebamde;
nagebobaze transformatorebis, amomrTvelebis an damiwebuli
mowyobilobis arsebobisas gamtarebi, amomrTvelebi da gadamyvanebi
unda iyos dafaruli, rac Seamcirebs maTze frinvelebis
eleqtrodenis dartymiT daRupvis risks. am problemas gadaWris
tipiuri gzebi: dakiduli gamtarebisTvis iyeneben gamtaris Citebisgan
damcav saSualebas, Slangs garedan an izolirebul eleqtrokabels;
amomrTvelebisTvis SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva zomisa da stilis
safaris gamoyeneba; gadamyvanebisTvis iyeneben mcvels, romelic
uzrunvelyofs dacvis saWiro xarisxs. napirebze or- da samfaziani
transformatorebis daregulireba saWiroebs qorWilebisgan dacvis
mowyobas ganivas Tavze, transformatoris gadamyvanebze xufebis
dayenebas, izolirebuli gamtarebisa da saCerebeli mowyobilobebis
dayenebasa da dnobadi lentis gamoyenebas gaSiSvlebul mierTebebze;
narCenebis marTvis saTanado gegma wylis dabinZurebisa da nakadis
Caxergvis Tavidan acilebis mizniT gansakuTrebiT wyalSi samuSaoebis
dros (zemoqmedebis Semcireba Tevzebze da mdinaris
biomravalferovnebaze);
gruntsa da wyalze zemoqmedebis Semarbilebeli zomebis
ganxorcieleba, romlebic miTiTebulia mocemuli dokumentis
Sesabamis TavebSi;
mSeneblobis procesSi wyalSi samuSaoebis warmoebisgan Tavis arideba
biologiuri da ekologiuri TvalsazrisiT sensitiur periodebSi
(ianvari-aprili) (zemoqmedebis Semcireba Tevzebze);
166

qveda biefSi ekologiuri xarjis mudmivi gatareba (eqspluataciis
etapze zemoqmedebis Semcireba Tevzebze da mdinaris
biomravalferovnebaze);
xarjisa da mdinaris biomravalferovnebis monitoringi kaSxlis
Wrilis qveda dinebaSi.
cxrili 35. gruntis wyalze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba Sejameba
faza zemoqmedeba da zemoqmedebis wyaroebi zemoqmedebis
receptorebi
narCeni zemoqmedebis
daxasiaTeba da
Sefaseba
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zemoqmedeba xmeleTis faunaze, maT
Soris:
- ubanze an mis mezoblad mobinadre
cxovelebis dafrTxoba an
daRupva;
- cxovelebis habitatebis
dezintegracia (fragmentacia,
moSla);
- invaziuri saxeobebis gavrceleba.

pirdapiri zemoqmedeba: mSeneblobisa da
transportirebis operaciebi.

iribi zemoqmedeba: atmosferuli haeris
dabinZureba; gazrdili akustikuri
foni; ganaTebulobis fonis Secvla
RamiT; zedapiruli da gruntis wylebis
dabinZureba; niadagis dabinZureba da
erozia; vizualuri zemoqmedeba.
hesis
infrastruqturisTvis,
banakebisa da
misasvleli
gzebisTvis
gankuTvnili
teritoriebi.
pirdapiri da
arapirdapiri mavne
droebiTi zemoqmedeba;
zogierTi zemoqmedeba
(mag., cxovelebis
dafrTxoba/ daRupva)
gagrZeldeba mxolod
proeqtis
ganxorcielebis
manZilze; sxva
zemoqmedebaTa
aRmofxvras
SedarebiT meti dro
dasWirdeba (mag.,
habitatebis aRdgenas).

pirdapiri
zemoqmedebis
gavrcelebis areali
ZiriTadad hesebis
kaskadis
infrastruqturisTvis,
gadamcemi xazebisa da
misasvleli
gzebisTvis
gankuTvnili
teritoriebiebiT
Semoifargleba.

iribi zemoqmedeba
SesaZloa, gascdes
proeqtis teritorias.

xarisxi:
saSualo
zemoqmedeba md. wablariswylis
iqtiofaunaze:
pirdapiri zemoqmedeba: mdinaris
gadagdeba wyalmimRebi nagebobis agebis
mizniT: wyalmimRebi nagebobis ageba.

iribi zemoqmedeba: zedapiruli da
gruntis wylebis dabinZureba; fskeruli
naleqebis dabinZureba.
wyalmimRebi nagebobis
mSeneblobis ubani
167

8.7. vizualuri-landSafturi zemoqmedeba

cxrili 36. vizualuri-landSafturi zemoqmedebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi

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kategoria zemoqmedeba vizualur receptorebze
landSaftis cvlilebis
xangrZlivoba da sivrculi
sazRvrebi / landSaftis xarisxi
da Rirebuleba
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zemoqmedeba xmeleTis faunaze, maT
Soris:
- pirdapiri zemoqmedeba:
- mcenareuli safaris kontroli;
- saremonto samuSaoebi da
satransporto operaciebi.
- iribi zemoqmedeba:
- atmosferuli haeris dabinZureba;
- gazrdili akustikuri foni;
- RamiT ganaTebulobis fonis
Secvla;
- eleqtrodartyma;
- zedapiruli da gruntis wylebis
SesaZlo dabinZureba;
- niadagis dabinZureba da erozia;
- vizualuri zemoqmedeba
(adamianebisa da manqana-
danadgarebis / nagebobebis
arseboba moedanze).
hesebis kaskadis
infrastruqturisa da
misasvleli
gzebisTvis
gankuTvnili
teritoriebiebi
pirdapiri da iribi
uaryofiTi,
xangrZlivi
zemoqmedeba.

pirdapiri
zemoqmedebis
gavrcelebis areali
ZiriTadad
Semofargluli iqneba
saproeqto ubnebiTa
da misasvleli gzebis
teritoriiT.

iribi zemoqmedeba
SesaZloa, gascdes
proeqtis teritorias.

xarisxi:
saSualo
zemoqmedeba md. wablariswylis
iqtiofaunaze:
- pirdapiri zemoqmedeba:
- mdinaris hidrologiuri reJimis
cvlileba;
- hidroteqnikuri nagebobebis
recxva;
- saremonto samuSaoebi mdinareSi
an mis maxloblad.

- iribi zemoqmedeba:
- zedapiruli da gruntis wylebis
dabinZureba;
- fskeruli naleqebis dabinZureba.
wyalmimRebis ubani
168

1 Zalian dabali xedis cvlileba SeumCnevelia landSaftis cvlileba
SeumCnevelia, an landSafti ar
aris Rirebulebis mqone.
2 dabali zogierTi wertilidan xedis
umniSvnelo cvlilebaa SesamCnevi,
rac advilad Seguebadia.
landSaftis cvlileba
umniSvneloa, an landSaftis
aRdgenas 1-2 weli sWirdeba.
3 saSualo xedi SesamCnevad Seicvala
dakvirvebis mravali wertilidan,
Tumca advilad Seguebadia.
Seicvala bunebrivi landSaftis
calkeuli ubnebi, an landSaftis
aRdgenas 2-5 weli sWirdeba.
4 maRali xedi mniSvnelovnad Seicvala, rac
SesamCnevia dakvirvebis umetesi
ubnebidan, magram Seguebadia.
bunebrivi an maRali Rirebulebis
mqone landSafti did farTobze
Seicvala, an landSaftis aRdgenas
5-10 weli sWirdeba.
5 Zalian maRali xedi mTlianad Seicvala, rac kargad
Cans dakvirvebis yvela wertilidan;
mosalodnelia Seguebadi an Znelad
Sesaguebeli zemoqmedeba
receptorebze.
bunebrivi an maRali Rirebulebis
mqone landSafti did farTobze
Seicvala, an landSaftis aRdgena
SeuZlebelia.

proeqto xircieldeba 4 km manZilze rekreaciuli zonidan (anu kurort
sairmedan). mdinaris garSemo arsebuli teritoria ZiriTadad
warmodgenilia xeluxlebeli tyeebiT.
samSeneblo samuSaoebisas adgili eqneba garkveul landSaftur da
vizualur zemoqmedebas gazrdili satransporto moZraobis, samSeneblo
ubanze samuSaoebis, personalisa da manqana-danadgarebisa da droebiTi
nagebobebisa da konstruqciebis zemoqmedebis gamo.
hidroeleqtrosadguris ubani moSorebulia sacxovrebel ubnebs. vizualuri
cvlilebebis potenciur receptorebs warmoadgenen gziT mosargeble
mgzavrebi da mZRolebi. samuSaoebiT gamowveuli vizualuri SeSfoTeba
gagrZeldeba mxolod mobilizaciisa da mSeneblobis periodSi. rac Seexeba
hesis ubans, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom igi mdebareobs sacxovrebeli
ubnebisgan moSorebiT da gzasTan SedarebiT ufro dabal niSnulze,
vizualuri zemoqmedeba mcire iqneba.
kaSxlis ubani mdebareobs udabnos mineralur wyarosTan axlos,
keTilmowyobil teritoriaze. samSeneblo samuSaoebis zemoqmedeba
wyalaRebis ubanze droSi SezRuduli iqneba. udabnos kurorti
funqcionirebs sezonurad, rac niSnavs imas, rom samSeneblo ubnis
siaxloves wlis manZilze bevri xalxi ar iqneba.
samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg kaSxlis ubanze da hesis mSeneblobis
ubnebze arsebuli yvela droebiTi nageboba, manqana-danadgarebi da
dagrovili narCenebi gatanili iqneba. moxdeba ubnebis rekultivacia.
droebiTi zemoqmedeba ukavSirdeba narCenebis poligonebs, Tumca am ubnebis
mdebareoba imgvarad SeirCeva, rom samuSaoebisa da rekultivaciis
dasrulebis Semdeg zemoqmedeba vizualur garemoze minimaluri iqneba.

169

eqspluataciis etapze landSaftis/vizualuri zemoqmedebis ZiriTadi
saxeebi ukavSirdeba mudmiv nagebobebs.
kaSxlis simaRle mcirea da Seadgens 1.5 metrs. rac Seexeba Setborvas, igi
SeiZleba rekreaciul ubnad CaiTvalos udabnos vizitorebisa da gziT
mosargebleebisTvis. kaSxalize raime maRali/didi zomis konstruqciis
mowyoba gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris.

sur. 56. RD Stadl Paura and SW Reinischwehrdams
Setborvis napirebis dacvis mizniT mowyobili mokirwyvla vizualurad
naklebad gamaRizianebelia. mokirwyvlis struqtura imeorebs reliefis
formebs da kargad erwymis arsebul garemos.

3D Crdilo-dasavleTis xedi
170

3D samxreT-aRmosavleTis xedi
sur. 57. eleqtrosadguris samganzomilebiani xedi (Cd da sa)
hidroeleqtrosadguris fasadebi mopirkeTdeba xis zolanebiT, xolo
Senoba moeqceva xeebis CrdilqveS, romlebic dairgveba Senobasa da gzas
Soris.
saremonto da sareabilitacio samuSaoebis warmoebisas aseve,
mosalodnelia garkveuli zemoqmedeba. aseTi zemoqmedeba analogiuria
mSeneblobis etapze arsebuli zemoqmedebisa, Tumca gacilebiT mcirea.
zemoqmedebis xarisxi meryeobs samuSaoebis tipisa da moculobis mixedviT.
klasifikaciiT:
uaryofiTi,
pirdapiri
uaryofiTi/dadebiTi,
pirdapiri
dabali dabali
riski)
maRali maRali
grZelvadiani)
mokle grZelvadiani
Seqcevadoba (Seqcevadi/Seuqcevadi)

zemoqmedebis Serbileba SesaZlebelia Senobis ferisa da dezainis sworad
SerCevis gziT.
171

droebiTi konstruqciebis, masalebisa da narCenebis Senaxva saWiroa
imgvarad, rom nakleb TavlSi mosaxvedri iyos vizualuri
receptorebisTvis.
cxrili 37. landSaftur-vizualuri zemoqmedeba Sejameba

8.8. zemoqmedeba socialur-ekonomikur garemoze
cxrili 38. socialur-ekonomikuri zemoqmedebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi
faza zemoqmedeba da zemoqmedebis wyaroebi zemoqmedebis
receptorebi
daxasiaTeba da
Sefaseba
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vizualur-landSafturi zemoqmedeba
- samSeneblo ubnebi, banakebi da
droebiTi nagebobebi;
- gamonamuSevari qanebis ganTavsebis
ubnebi;
- mSeneblobisa da satransporto
operaciebi.
adamianebi
(mineraluri wylis
kurortis
vizitorebi da
personali),
mgzavrebi,
turistebi, veluri
buneba
pirdapiri uaryofiTi
zemoqmedeba, romlis
xangrZlivobac
ganisazRvreba
mSeneblobis faziT.
xedis cvlileba
SesamCnevi iqneba
zogierTi
wertilidan.
xarisxi:
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vizualur-landSafturi zemoqmedeba
- hesis infrastruqturis obieqtebi;
- kaSxali da wyalsacavi;
- saremonto samuSaoebi.
pirdapiri xangrZlivi
zemoqmedeba, Tumca
Seguebadi.
gavrcelebis areali
damokidebulia
adgilobriv
reliefze, e.i.
xilvadobis
pirobebze.
Setborvis adgili
SeiZleba
gamoyenebuli iqnas
rekreaciul zonad,
rac SeiZleba,
dadebiT zemoqmedebad
CaiTvalos.
xarisxi:
mcire
172

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kategoria socialur-ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba
dadebiTi
1 dabali
- regionis mosaxleobis dasaqmebulobis donem 0.1%-ze naklebad moimata
- adgilobrivi mosaxleobis saSualo Semosavali 10%-iT gaizarda
- regionis sabiujeto Semosavlebi 1%-iT gaizarda
- mcired gaumjobesda adgilobrivi infrastruqtura/ eleqtromomarageba,
ris Sedegadac gaumjobesda adgilobrivi mosaxleobis sacxovrebeli/
saarsebo da ekonomikuri garemo.
2 saSualo
- regionis mosaxleobis dasaqmebulobis done 0.1%-1%-iT moimata
- adgilobrivi mosaxleobis saSualo Semosavali 10-50%-iT gaizarda
- regionis sabiujeto Semosavlebi 1-5%-iT gaizarda
- SesamCnevad gaumjobesda infrastruqtura/eleqtromomarageba, ris
Sedegadac mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda adgilobrivi da regionis
mosaxleobis sacxovrebeli/ saarsebo garemo da rac xels uwyobs
regionis ekonomikur ganviTarebas.
3 maRali
- regionis mosaxleobis dasaqmebulobis done 1%-ze metiT moimata
- adgilobrivi mosaxleobis saSualo Semosavali 50%-ze metiT gaizarda
- regionis sabiujeto Semosavlebi 5%-ze metiT gaizarda
- adgili aqvs infrastruqturis/eleqtromomaragebis mniSvnelovn
gaumjobesebas, ris Sedegadac mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda adgilobrivi
mosaxleobis sacxovrebeli/saarsebo garemo da rac xels uwyobs
regionis/qveynis ekonomikur ganviTarebas.
uaryofiTi
1 dabali
- mosalodnelia resursis an infrastruqturis xelmisawvdomobis mcire
droiT Seferxeba, rac gavlenas ar moaxdens adgilobrivi mosaxleobis
Semosavlebze, aseve ar moyveba grZelvadiani uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba
adgilobrivi mosaxleobis ekonomikur saqmianobaze
- mosalodnelia mosaxleobis cxovrebis xarisxis daqveiTdeba mcire
droiT, rasac ar moyveba grZelvadiani uaryofiTi Sedegi
- janmrTelobaze zemoqmedebas adgili ara aqvs
- usafrTxoebaze zemoqmedeba umniSvneloa
- adgili aqvs xangrZliv, Tumca mosaxleobisTvis advilad Seguebad
zemoqmedebas garemoze
- adgilobrivi mosaxleoba 10%-iT gaizrdeba migraciis xarjze.
2 saSualo
- resursis an infrastruqturis xelmisawvdomoba mcire droiT
Seferxdeba, ris gamoc adgilobrivi mosaxleoba iZulebulia mcire
droiT Seicvalos cxovrebis wesi, Tumca amas grZelvadiani uaryofiTi
gavlena ar eqneba adgilobrivi mosaxleobis ekonomikur saqmianobaze
- mosalodnelia adgilobrivi mosaxleobis cxovrebis xarisxis
daqveiTdeba mcire droiT, rasac ar moyveba grZelvadiani uaryofiTi
Sedegi
- mosalodnelia garkveuli zemoqmedeba janmrTelobaze, Tumca ar
arsebobs sikvdilianobis gazrdis riski
- arsebobs usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli garkveuli riskebi
- garkveul zemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT mosalodnelia mosaxleobis
mxridan saCivrebi
- adgilobrivi mosaxleoba 10-30%-iT gaizrdeba migraciis xarjze.
173

3 maRali
- garkveuli resursebi an infrastruqtura adgilobrivi
mosaxleobisTvis xelmiuwvdomeli gaxda, ris gamoc isini iZulebulni
arian Seicvalon cxovrebis wesi da rasac grZelvadiani uaryofiTi
gavlena aqvs maT ekonomikur saqmianobaze
- adgilobrivi mosaxleobis cxovrebis xarisxi SesamCnevad daqveiTda
- adgili aqvs SesamCnev zemoqmedebas janmrTelobaze, arsebobs
sikvdilianobis gazrdis riski
- arsebobs usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli garkveuli riskebi
- adgili aqvs korufciul garigebebs dasaqmebasTan dakavSirebiT an
nepotizms
- mosaxleoba mudmivad Civis zemoqmedebis garkveul faqtorebTan
dakavSirebiT da amasTan dakavSirebiT warmoiqmneba konfliqturi
situaciebi mosaxleobasa da personals Soris
- adgilobrivi mosaxleoba 30%-ze metiT gaizrdeba migraciis xarjze,
kulturuli garemo adgilobrivi mosaxleobisTvis miuReblad
Seicvala, mosalodnelia axali dasaxlebebis Seqmna.

8.8.2. jandacva da usafrTxoeba
operaciebis warmoebisas (mSenebloba da eqspluatacia) mosalodnelia
(mosaxleobisa da personalis) janmrTelobis mdgomareobasTan da
usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli riskebis arseboba. zemoqmedebis
mosalodneli saxeebia:
pirdapiri (avariebi, simaRlidan Camovardna, daxurul sivrceSi
muSaoba, asafeTqebel nivTierebebTan muSaoba, dazianeba samSeneblo
teqnikis eqspluataciisas da sxv.) da
iribi (emisiebi, akustikuri fonis cvlileba, wylisa da niadagis
dabinZureba).

proeqti xorcieldeba sacxovrebeli ubnebidan moSorebul teritoriaze.
jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis riskebi samSeneblo manqana-danadgarebis
eqspluataciasTan dakavSirebiT dabalia.
proeqti iTvaliswinebs garkveuli moculobiT miwis samuSaoebis warmoebas,
gvirabis gayvanasa da mSeneblobas, ramac SeiZleba, warmoSvas garkveuli
ekologiuri da janmrTelobasTan/usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli riskebi.
potenciuri tipiuri avariuli situaciebi, romlebic SeiZleba, Seiqmnas
dagegmili samuSaoebis warmoebisas an gamowveuli iqnas aseTi samuSaoebiT
(mSenebloba/mobilizacia, eqspluatacia) da Sesabamisi
prevenciuli/Semarbilebeli zomebis mokle aRweriloba mocemulia qvemoT:

avariuli situacia prevenciuli zomebi
mSenebloba
niadagis /qanis mdgradobis dakargva wyalmimRebis, eleqtrosadguris, maTanabrebeli
rezervuaris, sadawneo milisa da anZis agebisas riski
analogiuria imave masStabisa da tipis samSeneblo
samuSaoebisas arsebuli riskebisa.
gvirabis mSeneblobisas SesaZlo riskebi: Weris
Camoqceva, qanebis CamoSvaveba, atmosferuli wylis
infiltracia da grintis wylis Semodineba.
mSeneblobis dawyebamde gasaTvaliswinebelia
avariuli situaciebis SesaZlebloba da unda
174

SemuSavdes samoqmedo gegma.
wylis da/an niadagis dabinZureba
satransporto saSualebebidan / manqana-
danadgarebidan daRvrili sawvaviT/navTobiT
Tanamedrove procedurebis gamoyeneba, teqnikuri
momsaxureobis kontrolisa da narCenebis marTvis
gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis dakmayofileba.
transformatorebis aRWurva avariuli daRvris
koleqtoriT. personalis treningi. daRvris saswrafo
wesiT awmenda da dabinZurebuli ubnis remediacia
(saWiroebisamebr). aRWurva Sesabamisi iaraRebiTa da
dacvis individualuri saSualebebiT.
wylis nakadis Caxergva datborva,
zemoqmedeba mosaxleobaze da faunaze /
floraze.
muSaobis mowinave meTodebis gamoyeneba mdinaris
kalapotSi / kalapotTan maxloblad muSaobisas.
specifiuri riskebi, romlebsac SeiZleba,
adgili hqondes proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli
gegmiuri samuSaoebis TiToeul safexurze, maT
Soris janmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebis
riskebi
Sesabamisi jug standartebis dacva, Sesabamisad
gawvrTnili personali.
xanZari, afeTqeba usafrTxoebis zomebis gamoyeneba da saxanZro
usafrTxoebis wesebis dacva. aalebadi masalebis /
narCenebis saTanado menejmenti. asafeTqebeli
nivTierebebis Sesabamisi Senaxva/ personalis
treningi.
eqspluatacia
xanZari usafrTxoebis zomebis gamoyeneba (signalizacia,
xanZarsawinaaRmdego aRWurviloba, evakuaciis gegma).
saxanZro usafrTxoebis wesebis dacva.
transformatorebisa da sxva aRWurvilobis
gamarTuli mdgomareobis uzrunvelyofa. aalebadi
masalebis / narCenebis saTanado menejmenti.
personalis treningi. aRWurva Sesabamisi iaraRebiTa
da dacvis individualuri saSualebebiT.
sawvavis/navTobis daRvra satransporto saSualebebis, manqana-danadgarebisa da
transformatorebisa da sxva aRWurvilobis
gamarTuli mdgomareobis uzrunvelyofa. daRvris
saswrafo wesiT awmenda da dabinZurebuli ubnis
remediacia. daRvrili nivTierebis lokalizeba da
awmenda. adgilobrivi remediacia saWiroebisamebr.
personalis treningi. aRWurva Sesabamisi iaraRebiTa
da dacvis individualuri saSualebebiT.
wyalmimRebis avaria / mwyobridan gamosvla,
gadamcemi xazis anZebis mwyobridan gamosvla
avariisas mosalodnelia niadagis erozia, datborva.
milsadenis dazianebam SeiZleba, gamoiwvios ferdobis
mdgradobis dakargva. mdgradobisa da teqnikuri
momsaxureobis monitoringi.
specifiuri riskebi, romlebsac SeiZleba,
adgili hqondes proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli
gegmiuri samuSaoebis TiToeul safexurze, maT
Soris janmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebis
riskebi
Sesabamisi jug standartebis dacva, Sesabamisad
gawvrTnili personali.

riskis sxva saxeebi:
avariuli situacia mizezebi prevenciuli zomebi
miwis samuSaoebTan da samSeneblo meqanizmebis
eqspluataciasTan dakavSirebuli saoperacio riski
Sesabamisi jug
standartebis dacva
liTonis konstruqciis jalambris moZroba jalambris saimedoobis
175

mwyobridan gamosvla
mSeneblobis/montaJis dros
Semowmeba kvalificiuri
personalis mier
jalambris
cudi/araswori SeerTeba
jalambris SeerTeba
Sesabamisad gawvrTnili
personalis mier,
instruqciis dacva.
amwis gadayiraveba
araswori dayenebis gamo
teqnikuri reglamentis
dacva
SeniSvna. imis gamo, rom samSeneblo samuSaoebs asrulebs kontraqtori, am
ukanasknelma unda uzrunvelyos brifingis Catareba personalTan yovel dRe
janmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebze.

garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, avariebze reagirebis gegmis
(avariuli gegmis) SemuSaveba savaldebuloa.
klasifikaciiT:
uaryofiTi,
pirdapiri/
arapirdapiri

dabali dabali
riski)
saSualo maRali
grZelvadiani)
mokle grZelvadiani

pirdapiri zemoqmedebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT mniSvnelovania Semdegi
zomebis miReba:
usafrTxoebis wesebis dacva da maT dacvaze mudmivi zedamxedveloba;
personalis instruqtaJi jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebTan
dakavSirebiT maT dasaqmebamde da Semdgom - weliwadSi ramdenjerme;
simaRleze personali muSaobs specialuri samagri TokebiTa da
samagrebiT;
jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis mizniT samSeneblo ubnebze
uzrunvelyofili unda iyos Sesaferisi gamafrTxilebeli, amkrZalavi
da specialuri miTiTebebis Semcveli abrebi;
176

mSeneblobis periodSi samSeneblo ubanze, janmrTelobisTvis
gansakuTrebiT saxifaTo adgilebze xelmisawvdomi unda iyos
medikamentebis standartuli yuTebi (afTiaqi);
nebarTvisa da dacvis specialuri zomebis gareSe samSeneblo ubanze
arauflebamosili pirebi ar daiSvebian;
usafrTxoebis wesebis maqsimalurad dacva transportirebis procesSi;
transportis moZraobis siCqare dasaxlebul ubnebze unda SeizRudos
optimalur maCveneblemde;
riskis Sefaseba adgilze saWiroa regularulad risk-faqtorebis
dadgenisa da riskebis saTanado marTvis mizniT;
personalis samedicino dazRveva;
afeTqebis operaciebze profesionali personalis dasaqmeba.

mSenebeli kontraqtori da samuSaoebis mwarmoebeli kompania Sesabamisad,
mSeneblobisa da eqspluataciis etapebze valdebuli arian, daiqiravon
jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis specialistebi.
13
am personalis
pasuxismgeblobis sfero moicavs samSeneblo ubnebze kontrolis warmoebasa
da usafrTxoebis moTxovnebis dakmayofilebis Semowmebas, aseve,
usafrTxoebis wesebis darRvevis faqtebis (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi)
aRnusxvas.
iribi zemoqmedeba janmrTelobaze uSualo kavSirSia ekologiuri
(atmosferuli haeris, niadagis, wylis) xarisxobrivi normebis darRvevasTan.


13
jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis oficeri
zemoqmedeba da zemoqmedebis wyaroebi zemoqmedebis
receptorebi
daxasiaTeba da Sefaseba
mSeneblobis etapi
janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gauareseba da
usafrTxoebis riskebi:

pirdapiri (mag., avariebi, denis dartyma,
simaRlidan Camovardna, travmireba,
dazianeba samSeneblo teqnikasTan
muSaobisas da sxv.) da

iribi (emisiebi, gazrdili akustikuri
foni, klimatis cvlileba, wylisa da
niadagis dabinZureba).
personali da
adgilobrivi
mosaxleoba
pirdapiri an iribi
zemoqmedeba. xangrZlivoba
mSeneblobis etapi.
garkveuli zemoqmedeba
janmrTelobis
mdgomareobaze da
usafrTxoebasTan
dakavSirebuli riskebi.
xarisxi:
mcire
eqspluataciis etapi
177

8.8..3. resursebze xelmisawvdomloba, miwis sakuTreba da miwaTsargebloba
arsebuli Sefasebis Tanaxmad, proeqtis farglebSi fizikuri gansaxleba
saWiro ar gaxdeba. Tumca, SeiZleba, saWiro gaxdes garkveuli zomiT miwis
SeZena droebiTi da/an mudmivi sargeblobisTvis saproeqto nagebobebis,
misadgomi gzebisa da xidebis, banakebisa da samSeneblo moednebis
mosawyobad.
proeqti xorcieldeba saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebul miwaze, miwis erTi
nakveTis gamoklebiT, romelic Sps kurort sairmes sakuTrebas
warmoadgens. samSeneblo samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg narCenebi,
droebiTi nagebobebi da zedmeti masala (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi)
gatanili iqneba ubnidan da moxdeba ubnis rekultivacia.
zogierTi ubnis Sesyidva moxdeba mudmivi sargeblobisTvis (mag., kaSxali da
mimdebare infrastruqturis, eleqtrosadgurisa da qvesadguris
teritoriebi). am nakveTebdan arc erTi ar warmoadgens sasoflo-sameurneo
daniSnulebis miwas.
samSenebelo masalebis SeZena warmoebs cenzirebuli momwodeblisgan.
sakuTari karieris amoqmedebis SemTxvevaSi saWiro gaxdeba Sesabamisi
licenziis aReba.
narCenebis poligonze mosalodnelia droebiTi zemoqmedeba. naTxari
gruntis ganTavseba moxdeba stabilurobis moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT da
ubnis Semdgomi rekultivaciiT.
klasifikaciiT:
uaryofiTi,
pirdapiri

dabali dabali
riski)
maRali dabali
janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gauareseba da
usafrTxoebis riskebi:

pirdapiri (mag., avariebi, denis dartyma,
simaRlidan Camovardna, travmireba,
dazianeba samSeneblo teqnikasTan
muSaobisas da sxv.) da

iribi (emisiebi, gazrdili akustikuri
foni, klimatis cvlileba, wylisa da
niadagis dabinZureba).
ZiriTadad
eqspluataciis
etapze momuSave
personali. aseve,
adgilobrivi
momsaxleoba
pirdapiri an arapirdapiri
grZelvadiani zemoqmedeba.

zemoqmedeba janmrTelobis
mdgomareobaze naklebad
mosalodnelia.
usafrTxoebasTan
dakavSirebuli riskebi
umniSvneloa.
xarisxi:
mcire-Zalian mcire
178

grZelvadiani)
mokle grZelvadiani

samSeneblo ubnebis sazRvrebisa da transportis moZraobis marSrutis
mkacrad dacva saTave nagebobisa da saderivacio milsadenis
mSeneblobisas, rac minimumamde Seamcirebs mimdebare teritoriis
SesaZlo dazianebas;
rekultivaciis samuSaoebi narCenebis poligonebis wmendis Semdeg;
saCivrebisa da maTze reagirebis zomebis registracia.


receptorebi
mSeneblobis etapi
resursebze xelmisawvdomloba:
samSeneblo samuSaoebis warmoebisas:
- samSeneblo masalebis gamoyeneba;
- teqnikuri wylis gamoyeneba;
- sasmeli da sasoflo-sameurneo
wylis gamoyeneba.
sxva potenciuri
momxmareblebi
pirdapiri, uaryofiTi
zemoqmedeba
mSeneblobis etapze.
xarisxi:
mcire
zemoqmedeba miwis sakuTrebis formasa da
miwaTsargeblobaze
miwa, mesakuTreebi
zemoqmedeba.
xangrZlivoba -
mSeneblobis etapi.
konfliqturi
situaciebis Seqmna
xarisxi:
mcire
eqspluataciis etapi
resursebze xelmisawvdomloba:
- sasmeli da sasoflo-sameurneo
wylis gamoyeneba operirebis etapze;
- mdinaris wylis gamoyeneba
eleqtroenergiis warmoebis mizniT.
sxva momxmareblebi
saproeqto ubanze sxva
momxmareblebi ar arian.
xarisxi:
mcire
zemoqmedeba miwis sakuTrebis formasa da
miwaTsargeblobaze:
- zemoqmedeba axlomdebare miwebis
mesakuTreebze qonebis dazianeba
da garkveuli saqmianoba maT
kuTvnil miwaze.
miwa, mesakuTreebi
xarisxi:
mcire
179

8.8.4. demografiuli cvlilebebi
proeqtis ganxorcielebis arc erT etapze raime seriozuli demografiuli
cvlilebebi / migracia mosalodneli ar aris.
8.8.5. ekonomikisa da dasaqmebis xelSewyoba
proeqtis ganxorcielebis Sedegad mniSvnelovnad Seewyoba xeli
municipalitetis socialur-ekonomikur ganviTarebas. hesis mSeneblobis
procesSi gamoyenebuli iqneba adgilobrivi wyaroebidan mopovebuli
samSeneblo masalebi, rac waaxalisebs samSeneblo masalebis mwarmoeblebis
bizness. garda amisa, unda aRiniSnos iseTi dadebiTi zemoqmedeba,
rogoricaa adgilobrivi mosaxleobis dasaqmebis perspeqtiva.
hesis amoqmedebis Semdeg energosistema Seivseba damatebiTi energiiT, rac
kidev ufro Seuwyobs xels qveynis energetikul damoukideblobas.
mosalodnelia Semosavlis zrda municipalitetsa da regionSi, rac
mniSvnelovani dadebiTi zemoqmedebaa socialur-ekonomikuri winsvlis
TvalsazrisiT.
mSeneblobis etapze, romelic 2 weliwadi gagrZeldeba, dasaqmdeba 200
adamiani. garda amisa, proeqtis ganxorcieleba stimuls miscems samSeneblo
masalebis warmoebas da Sedegad, xels Seuwyobs damatebiTi samuSao
adgilebis Seqmnas.
hesis eqspluataciis procesSi xangrZlivad dasaqmdeba mxolod 20 adamiani.
dasaqmebis dadebiTi zemoqmedeba municipalitetis socialur-ekonomikur
mdgomareobaze regionalur doneze didad mniSvnelovani ver iqneba.

zemoqmedeba da zemoqmedebis
wyaroebi
zemoqmedebis
receptorebi
mSeneblobis etapi
ekonimikasa da dasaqmebaSi
Setanili wvlili:
- samSeneblo firmebisa da
maTze damokidebuli sxva
firmebis
waxaliseba/ganviTareba;
- samuSao adgilebis Seqmna;
- gazrdili sabiujeto
Semosavlebi.
regionaluri
ekonomika,
firmebi
pirdapiri, dadebiTi,
zogierTi zemoqmedeba
iqneba xangrZlivi (mag.,
infrastruqturis
gaumjobeseba). dasaqmebis,
Semosavlisa da
sabiujeto Semosavlebis
zrda. gaumjobesebuli
infrastruqtura.
xarisxi:
saSualo
eqspluataciis etapi
180

8.8.6. zemoqmedeba infrastruqturaze, satransporto nakadebze da
mosaxleobis Tavisufal gadaadgilebaze
proeqti ar moaxdens zemoqmedebas saproeqto ubanze moqceul
infrastruqturaze.
regionSi arsebuli gza teqnikurad damakmayofilebel mdgomareobaSia.
gzebis gamoyeneba moxdeba proeqtisTvis saWiro masalebis, aRWurvilobisa
da manqana-danadgarebis gadasatanad. mZime satransporto saSualebebis
gazrdili nakadebi garkveulwilad uaryofiTad imoqmedebs gzis zedapirze.
fonuri moZraoba saproeqto ubanze didi ar aris. nakleb mosalodnelia,
rom satransporto nakadebma mSeneblobis procesSi Seaferxon transportis
an adamianebis gadaadgileba.
zemoqmedeba gzis infrastruqturasa da satransporto nakadebze
eqspluataciis etapze SeiZleba, Sefasdes, rogorc umniSvnelo. Tavad
samuSao ubanze gadatvirTul satransporto moZraobas adgili ar eqneba.
infrastruqturasa da satransporto nakadebze proeqtis zemoqmedebis
Sefaseba moxda Semdegi klasifikaciiT:
uaryofiTi,
pirdapiri
uaryofiTi,
pirdapiri
dabali - saSualo
riski)
saSualo dabali
saproeqto ubani samuSao ubani
grZelvadiani)
mokle

ekonimikasa da dasaqmebaSi
Setanili wvlili:
- samSeneblo firmebisa da
maTze damokidebuli sxva
firmebis
waxaliseba/ganviTareba;
- samuSao adgilebis Seqmna;
- gazrdili sabiujeto
Semosavlebi.
qveynis
ekonomikuri
mdgomareoba,
adgilobrivi
warmoeba da
mosaxleoba
pirdapiri, dadebiTi,
infrastruqturisa da
energomomaragebis
gaumjobeseba, ris
Sedegadac gaumjobesdeba
adgilobrivi
mosaxleobis cxovrebis
pirobebi da xeli
Seewyoba qveynis
ekonomikur ganviTarebas.
xarisxi:
saSualo - mcire
181

zemoqmedebis minimumamde dayvanis mizniT saWiroa Semdegi Semarbilebeli
zomebis ganxorcieleba:
gzis mowyoba mosamzadebeli samuSaoebis warmoebisas dadebiTi
zemoqmedeba;
muxluxa amwis moZraobis maqsimalurad SezRudva;
samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg unda aRdges yvela dazianebuli ubani
da daubrundes sawyis mdgomareobas;
samSeneblo ubanze optimaluri misadgomi gzis SerCeva;
saerTo sargeblobis gzebze teqnikis gadaadgilebis maqsimalurad
SezRudva;
proeqtis monawileebi informirebuli iqnebian samSeneblo samuSaoebis
Sesrulebis grafikisa da xangrZlivobis Sesaxeb;
saCivrebis (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi) da maTze saTanado
reagirebis zomebis registracia;
samuSaoTa Tanmimdevrobis optimalurad dagegmva;
mSeneblobis procesSi da gansakuTrebiT, mSeneblobis dasrulebis
Semdeg unda aRdges gzis yvela dazianebuli monakveTi da daubrundes
sawyis mdgomareobas.


receptorebi
mSeneblobis etapi
gzis safaris dazianeba:
- mZime teqnikis gadaadgileba.
satransporto moZraobis gaZliereba:
- teqnikis gadaadgileba;
- moZraobis SezRudva;
- gzebis gadaketva samuSaoebis
usafrTxod Sesrulebis mizniT.
adgilobrivi
infrastruqtura,
xalxi
zemoqmedeba.
xangrZlivoba
mSeneblobis etapi.
SesaZlebelia gzis
infrastruqturT
sargeblobis SezRudva.
xarisxi:
mcire
eqspluataciis etapi
gzis safaris dazianeba:
- teqmomsaxureobis / saremonto
teqnikis gadaadgileba.
satransporto moZraobis gaZliereba:
- teqnikis gadaadgileba;
moZraobis SezRudva;
- ar aris mosalodneli.
adgilobrivi
infrastruqtura,
xalxi
zemoqmedeba

xarisxi:
Zalzed mcire
182

8.8.6.7. narCenebi
8.8.6.7.1. zemoqmedebis daxasiaTeba
hesebis kaskadis mSeneblobisa da eqspluataciis etapebze saWiroa
narCenebis marTvis yvela saTanado zomis ganxorcieleba samuSaoebis
warmoebis procesSi narCenebis warmoqmnis minimumamde dayvanis, maTi
reciklirebis moculobis gazrdisa da maqsimaluri zomiT xelmeored
gamoyenebis xelSewyobis mizniT; da bolos, narCenebi unda ganTavsdes am
mizniT SerCeul Sesaferis ubnebze. aseTi zomebis ganxorcieleba
warmoadgens pasuxismgebeli piris valdebulebas. igi gaakontrolebs
narCenebis droebiTi ganTavsebisa da gatanis procesebs da aRnusxavs maT.
8.8.6.7.2. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
klasifikaciiT:
uaryofiTi,
pirdapiri
uaryofiTi
dabali - saSualo dabali -
saSualo
riski)
maRali maRali
grZelvadiani)
mokle grZelvadiani

mSeneblobis etapi
kaskadis mSeneblobis procesSi mSenebeli kontraqtori valdebulia,
ganaxorcielos Semarbilebeli zomebi narCenebis marTvis moTxovnebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, raSic sxva zomebTan erTad Sedis Semdegi:
naTxari gruntis nawilis gamoyeneba moxdeba proeqtis miznebiT;
aucilebelia narCenebis poligonis stabilurobis uzrunvelyofa
(ferdobis daxriloba 45). saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi unda moewyos
damcavi konstruqcia;
saWiroa narCenebis marTvis gegmis SemuSaveba da Sesruleba;
liTonis jarTis Cabareba unda moxdes Sesabamis punqtebSi;
samSeneblo ubanze dagrovili sayofacxovrebo narCenebi unda
ganTavsdes uaxloes nagavsayrelze adgilobriv organoebTan
gaformebuli kontraqtis safuZvelze;
183

safixaTo narCenebis droebiTi ganTavsebis mizniT unda moewyos
specialuri droebiTi sawyobi; am tipis narCenebisTvis mSeneblobis
ubanze unda daidgas specialuri, markirebuli konteinerebi;
narCenebis marTva unda ganaxorcielos Sesabamisad gawvrTnilma
personalma. treningi Catardeba periodulad;
safixaTo narCenebis samSenebelo ubnidan gatana unda moxdes mocemul
saqmianobaze Sesabamisi nebarTvis mqone kontraqtoris mier;
mSeneblobis ubnidan Camdinare wylis CaSveba zedapirul wyalsatevSi
dasaSvebia mxolod gawmendis Semdeg.

eqspluataciis etapi
hesis eqspluataciis procesSi saxifaTo narCenebis droebiTi
ganTavsebisaTvis hesze saWiroa gamoiyos specialuri sasawyobe saTavsi,
romelic mowyobili unda iqnas garemosdacviTi moTxovnebis dacviT,
kerZod:
- saTavsis iataki da kedlebi mopirkeTebuli unda iyos keramikuli
filebiT;
- saTavsis Weri SeRebili unda iyos tenmedegi saRebaviT;
- saTavsi unda aRiWurvos Semdegi saSualebebiT:
o gamwovi ventilaciiT;
o xelsabaniT da onkaniT teritoriis morwyva-morecxvisaTvis;
o wyalmimRebi trapiT.
- narCenebis ganTavsebisaTvis saWiroa moewyos stelaJebi da Taroebi;
- narCenebis ganTavseba dasaSvebia mxolod hermetul taraSi SefuTul
mdgomareobaSi, romelsac unda gaaCndes saTanado markireba.
- narCenebis marTva unda daevalos gawvrTnil personals. personalis
treningi unda warmoebdes regularulad;
- samSeneblo banakebis teritoriidan saxifaTo narCenebis gatana da
Semdgomi marTva unda moxdes am saqmianobaze saTanado nebarTvis
mqone kontraqtori kompaniis saSualebiT.

8.8.7.4. narCenebis menejmentTan dakavSirebuli zemoqmedeba
faza zemoqmedebisa da zemoqmedebis
wyaroebis aRwera
receptorebi narCeni zemoqmedebis
mSeneblobis etapi
184

zemoqmedeba myari sayofacxovrebo
narCenebis nagavsayrelze:
- nagavsayrelze datvirTvis
gazrda.
narCenebis droebiTi ganTavsebisTvis
mowyobil ubnebze:
- zemoqmedeba niadagze da
zedapirul / gruntis wylebze;
- vizualuri zemoqmedeba, maT
Soris teritoriis dabinZureba
narCenebiT.
zemoqmedeba gvirabis saerTo
gamonamuSevrebis ganTavsebis ubnebze:
- sanayro ubnebze warmoqmnili
wylebis zemoqmedeba wyalsa da
niadagze;
- vizualur-landSafturi
zemoqmedeba.
zemoqmedeba sadrenaJo wylis CaSvebis
obeiqtebze:
- simRvrivisa da pH balansis
cvlileba.
zemoqmedeba Txevadi sayofacxovrebo
narCenebis warmoqmnis ubnebze:
- ubnis dabinZureba gaJonvis
SemTxvevaSi.
narCenebis CaSvebis obieqtebze:
- wylis xarisxis daqveiTeba.

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xangrZlivoba
Semoifargleba mSeneblobis
faziT.

- datvirTva adgilobriv
nagavsayrelze:
datvirTvis mateba
nagavsayrelze ar aRemateba
10%-s.
xarisxi: mcire

- municipaluri
kanalizaciis datvirTva:
municipaluri kanalizaciis
datvirTva mosalodneli ar
aris.
xarisxi: Zalzed mcire

- ekologiuri obieqtebis
(wyali, niadagi)
narCenebiT dabinZurebis
safrTxe;

xarisxi: mcire

eqspluataciis etapi
185

8.8.8. kumulatiuri zemoqmedeba
kaSxlis ubnis qveda da zeda biefSi samrewvelo wylebis sxva
momxmareblebi ar arian. mocemul etapze cnobili ar aris raime arsebuli
an gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli wyaro, romelmac SesaZloa, damatebiTi
zemoqmedeba moaxdinos proeqtze. kumulatiuri zemoqmedeba ganxiluli ar
aris.
narCenebis ganTavsebis ubnebze:
narCenebiT.
zemoqmedeba myari narCenebis droebiTi
ganTavsebis ubnebze:
narCenebiT.
narCenebis warmoqmnis ubnebze:
- ubnis dabinZureba gaJonvis
SemTxvevaSi.
narCenebis CaSvebis obieqtebze:
- wylis xarisxis daqveiTeba.

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- saerTo:
mudmivi zemoqmedeba.

- datvirTva
nagavsayrelze/
kanalizaciaze:
nagavsayrelisa da
sakanalizacio
koleqtorebis datvirTvaze
zemoqmedeba mosalodneli
ar aris

- ekologiuri obieqtebis
(wyali, niadagi)
narCenebiT dabinZurebis
safrTxe;

186

9. Semarbilebeli zomebis Sejameba
Semarbilebeli zomebis ganxorcielebis pasuxismgebloba ekisreba mSenebel kontraqtors.
9.1. mSenebelobis faza
receptori/zemoqmedeba zemoqmedebis aRwera Semarbilebeli RonisZieba
araorganuli mtvris
gamoyofa atmosferul
haerSi
- miwis samuSaoebisas warmoqmnili
mtveri;
- transportirebisas warmoqmnili
mtveri;
- samSeneblo masalebze operaciebis
dros warmoqmnili mtveri.
- manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri gamarTulobis uzrunvelyofa;
- transportis moZraobis optimaluri siCqaris dacva
(gansakuTrebiT, moxreSil gzaze);
- dasaxlebul ubnebze arsebuli gzebiT licenzirebuli
sargebloba;
- miwis samuSaoebis warmoebisas da masalebis datvirTva-
gadmotvirTvisas mtvris Warbi emisiis Tavidan asacileblad
sifrTxilis zomebis miReba (mag., datvirTva-gadmotvirTvisas
didi simaRlidan masalis dayris akrZalva);
- saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi saTanado RonisZiebebis gatareba
mtvris emisiis Semcirebis mizniT (mag., samuSao ubnis morwyva);
- saWiroebisamebr personalis uzrunvelyofa dacvis Sesaferisi
saSualebebiT (niRbebi, respiratorebi);
- personalis instruqtaJi samuSaoebis dawyebamde;
- saCivrebis Semosvlis SemTxvevaSi maTi dafiqsireba/aRricxva
da saTanado reagireba.
wvis produqtebis gamoyofa
atmosferul haerSi
- transportis, samSeneblo
teqnikisa da sayofacxovrebo
generatorebis namuSevari airebi;
- SeduRebis aerozolebi.
- transportis moZraobis optimaluri siCqarisa da marSrutis
dacva;
- miaqcieT yuradReba, rom rodesac ar xdeba satransporto
saSualebiT sargebloba, misi Zravi iyos gamorTuli an
muSaobdes minimaluri datvirTviT;
xmauris gavrceleba
samuSao ubanze
- xmauri da vibracia
transportirebisas;
- samSeneblo teqnikiT gamowveuli
xmauri da vibracia.
- saWiroebisamebr personalis uzrunvelyofa dacvis Sesaferisi
saSualebebiT (yursacmebi);
- xmauriani samuSaoebis warmoeba dRis saaTebSi;
187

xmauris gavrceleba
sakurorto zonaSi

- xmauriani samuSaoebis warmoeba dRis saaTebSi;
niadagis stabilurobis
darRveva da nayofieri
fenis ganadgureba
- niadagis stabilurobis darRveva,
nayofieri fenis dazianebis riski
mSeneblobis dros.
- saproeqto ubanze dagegmili samuSaoebisas dawesebuli
usafrTxoebis normebis dacva;
- samSeneblo ubnis sazRvrebis mkacrad dacva niadagis nayofier
fenaze zemoqmedebis Tavidan asacileblad;
- moawyveT damcavi nagebobebi (saWiroebisamebr);
- niadagis nayofieri fenis moxsna (saWiroebisamebr) da
droebiTi dasawyobeba rekultivaciis mizniT gamoyenebamde;
- SesaZlo riskebis droulad dafiqsireba da dauyovnebeli
reagireba.
gruntis/niadagis
dabinZureba
- niadagis dabinZureba narCenebiT;
- niadagis dabinZureba
sawvavis/zeTebis daRvris gamo.
- manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri gamarTulobis uzrunvelyofa
sawvavis/sapoxi masalebis daRvris Tavidan acilebis mizniT.
sawvavis/sapoxi masalebis swori menejmenti;
- narCenebis swori menejmenti, separireba da SeZlebisdagvarad
xelaxla gamoyeneba; gamousadegari narCenebis moTavseba
specialur konteinerebSi da teritoriidan gatana;
- sawvavis/sapoxi masalebis daRvris lokalizacia da gawmenda;
- Sesaferisi teqnikuri saSualebebiT da inventariT aRWurva
(konteinerebi, daRvris Semkrebi saSualebebi da sxv.);
- samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg yvela potenciuri
damabinZurebeli masalis gatana.
hidrologiuri reJimi
natanisa da wylis xarjis
cvlileba
- mdinareSi wylis xarjis cvlileba
wyalmimRebi nagebobis
mSeneblobisas.
- zemoqmedeba mosalodneli ar aris;
- ar saWiroebs Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis Catarebas;
- dambebis mSeneblobis dros moxdeba mdinaris droebiTi
derivacia, Tumca, aRniSnuli ar gamoiwvevs mdinaris
hidrologiuri reJimis cvlilebas.
zedapiruli wylis
dabinZureba
- dabinZureba miwis samuSaoebis
warmoebisas;
- myari da Txevadi narCenebis
araswori menejmentiT gamowveuli
dabinZureba;
- manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri gamarTulobis uzrunvelyofa
sawvavis/sapoxi masalebis daRvris Tavidan acilebis mizniT;
- manqanebis adgilze teqmomsaxureobisas saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi
adgilis SerCeva wylis obieqtidan moSorebiT;
- narCenebis swori menejmenti, separireba da SeZlebisdagvarad
188

- sawvavis/zeTis daRvriT
gamowveuli dabinZureba.
xelaxla gamoyeneba; gamousadegari narCenebis moTavseba
specialur konteinerebSi da teritoriidan gatana
licenzirebuli kontraqtoris mier;
- gvirabis mSeneblobisas saleqaris mowyoba sadrenaJo
wylebisaTvis;
- Sesabamisi zomis, Sesabamisi tevadobis Camdinare wylis
saleqaris cisternis uzrunvelyofa samSeneblo banakis
teritoriaze;
- sawvavis/zeTis daRvris lokalizeba da gawmenda;
- Sesaferisi teqnikuri saSualebebiT da inventariT aRWurva
(konteinerebi, daRvris Semkrebi saSualebebi da sxv.);
- samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg yvela potenciuri
damabinZurebeli masalis gatana.
gruntis wylis xarjis
cvlileba
- wyalSemcveli horizontis
gadakveTa da gruntis wylis
reJimis darRveva miwisqveSa
infrastruqturis mowyobisas.
- saqmianobis xasiaTidan gamomdinare, mocemuli zemoqmedebis
zustad dadgena rTulia da Sesabamisad, mocemul etapze
konkretuli Semarbilebeli zomebi dasaxuli ar aris.
gruntis wylis
dabinZureba
- xarisxis daqveiTeba
dabinZurebuli zedapiruli wyliT
an niadagiT;
- samSeneblo samuSaoebis dros
(gansakuTrebiT, miwis samuSaoebis
dros) sawvavis/sapoxi masalis
daRvris Sedegad wylis xarisxis
gauareseba.
- zedapiruli wylis dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT
yvela saWiro RonisZiebis gatareba (ix. Sesabamisi punqti);
- niadagis xarisxis daqveiTebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT yvela
saWiro RonisZiebis gatareba (ix. Sesabamisi punqti);
- miwisqveSa arxis mSeneblobisas usafrTxoebis yvela wesis
dacva gruntis wylis dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT.
zemoqmedeba mcenareul
safarze
- uSualo zemoqmedeba mcenareul
safarze;
- iribi zemoqmedeba mtveri,
gamonabolqvi.
- samSeneblo ubnis mimdebare teritoriaze arsebul mcenareul
safarze zemoqmedebis minimumamde Semcirebis mizniT
transportis moZraobis marSrutisa da samSeneblo ubnis
sazRvrebis mkacri dacva;
- samuSaoebis dawyebamde personalisTvis instruqtaJis Catareba
mcenareuli safaris dacvis sakiTxebze;
- xe-mcenareebis moWra (gaCexva) dasaSvebia garemos dacvisa da
bunebrivi resursebis saministros mier uflebamosili
samsaxuris zedamxedvelobiT;
- yvela saWiro RonisZiebis gatareba atmosferuli haeris
dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebisa da niadagis xarisxis dacvis
mizniT (ix. Sesabamisi punqtebi).
189

zemoqmedeba faunaze
- samSeneblo teqnikis /
transportisa da adamianebis
gadaadgilebis gamo adgilobrivi
faunis droebiTi SeSfoTeba
(pirdapiri zemoqmedeba Sejaxeba;
arapirdapiri mtvris emisiis
zemoqmedeba).
- transportis moZraobis marSrutis da samSeneblo ubnebis
sazRvrebis mkacri dacva;
- moZraobis optimaluri siCqaris SerCeva mtvris emisiis
Sesamcireblad;
- faunis SeSfoTebis minimizaciis mizniT xmamaRali signalis
SezRudva;
- manqanebis da teqnikuri saSualebebis gamarTulobis
uzrunvelyofa xmauris/vibraciis Sesamcireblad;
- miwis samuSaoebis warmoebisas rekomendebulia samuSao
teritoriis SemoRobva mcire zomis ZuZumwovrebis TxrilSi
Cavardnis riskis Tavidan asacileblad;
- personalis instruqtaJi samuSaoebis dawyebamde.
zemoqmedeba iqtiofaunaze
- zedapiruli wylis xarisxis
daqveiTeba miwis samuSaoebis
warmoebisas da mSeneblobis
periodSi;
- mdinaris xarjis droebiTi
cvlileba wyalmimRebi nagebobis
mSeneblobis procesSi.
- wylis dabinZurebis Tavidan acileba narCenebis saTanado
menejmentis uzrunvelyofiT;
- sifrTxile wylis obieqtis maxloblad muSaobis dros wylis
simRvrivis zrdis Tavidan acilebis mizniT;
- saTao nagebobebis samSeneblo samuSaoebis warmoeba wylis
biologiuri garemosaTvis naklebad ~mgrZnobiare periodSi.
narCenebi
- samSeneblo narCenebi;
- sayofacxovrebo narCenebi.
- narCenebis nawilis gamoyeneba proeqtis miznebiT;
- gamonamuSevris ganTavsebis samuSaoebis damTavrebis Sedeg
saWiroa nayarebis zedapirebis rekultivaciis samuSaoebis
Catareba;
- narCenebis poligonis dacva eroziisgan monitoringi da
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi dacvis uzrunvelyofa;
- liTonis jarTi Cabardeba Sesabamis samsaxurs;
- samSeneblo banakis teritoriaze warmoqmnili sayofacxovrebo
narCenebi ganTavsdes adgilobriv nagavsayrelze;
- asafeTqebeli masalis narCenebis gatana unda moxdes
licenzirebuli kontraqtoris mier;
- saxifaTo narCenebis droebiTi ganTavsebisaTvis samSeneblo
banakis teritoriaze moewyos specialuri sasawyobo saTavsi,
xolo samSeneblo moednebze ganTavsdes specialuri markirebis
mqone hermetuli konteinerebi;
- narCenebis marTvisaTvis gamoyofili iqnas saTanado momzadebis
mqone personali, romelTac periodulad Cautardes swavleba
da testireba;
190

- samSeneblo banakidan saxifaTo narCenebis gatana unda moxdes
Sesabamisi licenziis mqone kontraqtoris mier;
- samSeneblo banakidan Camdinare wylebis gadagdeba zedapirul
wyalSi dasaSvebia mxolod gawmendis Semdeg.
landSaftur-vizualuri
cvlileba
- landSaftur-vizualuri cvlileba
wyalmimRebi nagebobis,
saderivacio milsadenis,
qvesadgurisa da arsebuli
samSeneblo banakis mSeneblobis
Sedegad;
- vizualuri cvlileba gazrdili
satransporto nakadis gamo.
- mSeneblobis dros samSeneblo teqnikisa da manqanebis
gadaadgilebiT gamowveuli vizualuri zemoqmedeba
gardauvalia, Tumca, aseTi zemoqmedeba sakmaod umniSvnelo da
xanmoklea;
- mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg (dambebis, eleqtrosadgurisa
da sxva mudmivi nagebobebis arsebobis gamo) landSaftis
vizualuri cvlilebebis nawilobriv Serbileba
SesaZlebelia garemosTan Serwymis mizniT bunebrivi
masalebisa da saRebavis gamoyenebiT;
- mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg saWiroa teritoriis gawmenda
da rekultivacia.
usafrTxoebis riskebi
- pirdapiri (satransporto avaria
da sxv.);
- iribi (atmosferuli emisiebi,
gazrdili akustikuri foni,
wylisa da niadagis dabinZureba).
- transportis eqspluataciis usafrTxoebis wesebis
maqsimalurad dacva;
- dasaxlebul punqtebze transportis moZraobis marSrutis
SezRudva;
- Sesabamisi gamafrTxilebeli, mimarTulebis maCvenebeli da
amkrZalavi niSnebis dayeneba janmrTelobisTvis saxifaTo
zonebSi;
- samSeneblo ubanze arsebul, janmrTelobisTvis saxifaTo
ubnebze unda arsebobdes pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis
yuTebi;
- samSeneblo ubnebze personalis/vizitorebis kontroli da
daSveba mxolod specialuri damcavi saSualebebiT;
- ubanze arsebuli riskebis regularulad Sefaseba mosaxleobis
risk-faqtorebis gamosavlenad da riskis marTvis Sesabamisi
zomebis SemuSavebis mizniT;
- personalis aRWurva dacvis individualuri saSualebebiT;
- simaRleze muSaobisas personali damagrebuli unda iyos
TokebiTa da samagrebiT;
- personalis treningi maTi dasaqmebis procesSi da momdevno
periodSic usafrTxoebisa da Sromis sakiTxebze;
- personalis samedicino dazRveva;
- yvela saWiro zomis ganxorcieleba atmosferuli haeris,
wylisa da niadagis dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT (ix.
191

Sesabamisi punqtebi).
infrastruqturaze
- gzis safaris dazianeba;
- satransporto nakadis
gadatvirTva;
- moZraobis SezRudva.
- gzis reabilitacia mobilizaciis samuSaoebisas dadebiTi
zemoqmedeba;
- muxluxa amwis moZraobis maqsimalurad SezRudva;
- mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg gzis yvela dazianebuli
monakveTis aRdgena sawyis mdgomareobaSi;
- mosaxleobis/mgzavrebis gadaadgilebis minimalurad SezRudva
gzis reabilitaciis/mSeneblobis procesSi;
- samSeneblo ubanze misasvleli optimaluri SemovliTi gzis
SerCeva;
- manqanebis moZraobis maqsimalurad SezRudva saerTo
sargeblobis gzebze;
- mosaxleobis informireba samuSaoebis grafikis Sesaxeb;

9.2. eqspluataciis etapi
saremonto/teqmomsaxureobis samuSaoebis warmoebisas SeiZleba, adgili hqondes garkveul umniSvnelo da
xanmokle zemoqmedebas garemoze. zemoqmedebis xasiaTi analogiuria mSeneblobis etapze mosalodneli
zemoqmedebisa. zemoqmedebis xarisxi damokidebulia saremonto/teqmomsaxureobis samuSaoebis masStabsa da
xangrZlivobaze.
Serbilebis zomebi da pasuxismgeblobaTa sfero ganisazRvreba konkretuli reabilitaciis/samSeneblo
proeqtisTvis individualurad konkretuli samuSaos xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiT.

192

10. garmosdacviTi da socialuri monitoringis gegma
garemos monitoringis mizania:
potenciuri zemoqmedebis Sefasebis dadastureba;
garemosdacviTi da usafrTxoebis sakanonmdeblo/normatul
moTxovnebTan Sesabamisobis kontroli/uzrunvelyofa;
riskebisa da ekologiuri/socialuri zemoqmedebis kontroli;
sazogadoebis/dainteresebuli pirebis saTanadod informireba;
Semarbilebeli zomebis efeqturobis gansazRvra da saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi maTi koreqtireba;
ekologiuri zemoqmedebisa da riskebis kontroli mSeneblobisa da
eqspluataciis procesSi.
monitoringis meTodebi moicavs vizualur dakvirvebasa da gazomvebs
(saWiroebisamebr). monitoringis programiT mocemulia monitoringis
parametrebi, monitoringis dro da sixSire, monitoringis monacemebis
Segroveba da analizi. monitoringis masStabi damokidebulia mosalodneli
zemoqmedebisa da riskebis xarisxze.
193

10.1. monitoringis gegma mosamzadebeli da samSeneblo samuSaoebi
kontrolis sagani /
gasakontrolebeli
qmedeba
kontrolis/sinjis
aRebis wertili
meTodi sixSire / dro mizani pasuxismgebeli piri
haeri (mtveri da
gamonabolqvi)
- samSeneblo moednebi;
- samSeneblo moedanze
misadgomi gzebi;
- uaxloesi receptori.
- vizualuri
kontroli;
- manqana-danadgarebis
teqnikuri
daTvaliereba;
- gazomvebi.
- miwis samuSaoebisas da
periodulad mSral amindSi.
- samSeneblo samuSaoebis dros,
m.S. gzis reabilitaciis
drosac;
- manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri
daTvaliereba samuSaoebis
dawyebamde;
- intensiuri transportirebisas
mSral amindSi;
dawyebamde;
- Semowmeba saWiroebisamebr an
saCivrebis SemTxvevaSi.
- dadgenili xarisxobrivi
normativebis dacva;
- mosaxleobis minimalurad
SeSfoTeba;
- personalis usafrTxoebis
uzrunvelyofa;
- mcenareuli safaris/florisa
da faunis SeSfoTebis
minimamde dayvana.
- mSenebeli
kontraqtori;
- damkveTi.
xmauri da vibracia - samSeneblo moednebi;
- uaxloesi receptori.
- Senobebis pirobebis
kontroli
(vibraciiT
gamowveuli
dazianebebis
dasadgenad);
teqnikuri
daTvaliereba;
- perioduli
gazomvebi.
dawyebamde;
- regularuli kontroli da/an
saCivris Semosvlis Semdeg.
- jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis
normebTan Sesabamisobis
uzrunvelyofa;
- personalisTvis komfortuli
samuSao pirobebis Seqmna;
- Senoba-nagebobebis
mdgomareobis SenarCuneba;
- faunis/mosaxleobis
minimaluri SeSfoTeba.
- mSenebeli
kontraqtori;
- damkveTi.
niadagi - samSeneblo moedani;
- samuSao ubnebi;
- masalebisa da
narCenebis
dasawyobebis
ubnebi.
- regularuli
kontroli,
zedamxedveloba;
teqnikuri
daTvaliereba;
- laboratoriuli
kontroli.
- perioduli Semowmeba;
- Semowmeba samuSaoebis
dasrulebis Semdeg;
- laboratoriuli analizi
damabinZureblis daRvris
SemTxvevaSi;
- niadagis stabilurobisa da
xarisxis SenarCuneba.
- mSenebeli
kontraqtori;
- damkveTi.
wyali - samSeneblo moednebi;
- samuSao ubnebze
zedapiruli
wylebis samuSao
ubnebTan
(wyalmimRebTan,
gzebis mowyobis
adgilebze).
- vizualuri
kontroli;
- meqanizmebisa da
danadgarebis
teqnikuri
daTvaliereba;
- myari narCenebis
marTvis kontroli;
- Camdinare wylebis
marTvis kontroli;
- wyalgamwmendi
- samSeneblo moednis
momzadebis procesSi (wylis
obieqtebis siaxloves);
- rodesac samSeneblo
samuSaoebi warmoebs wylis
obieqtebis siaxloves an
mdinareSi;
- myari narCenebis
transportirebis / Senaxvis
procesSi;
- teqnikuri daTvaliereba
- wylis xarisxis SenarCuneba;
- iqtiofaunaze potenciuri
zemoqmedebis minimumamde
Semcireba.

- mSenebeli
kontraqtori;
- damkveTi.
194

kontrolis sagani /
gasakontrolebeli
qmedeba
kontrolis/sinjis
aRebis wertili
nageobibis Semowmeba;
- laboratoriuli
analizi
saWiroebisamebr. .
samuSaoebis dawyebamde;
- gamwmendi nagebobebis
regularuli Semowmeba;
- laboratoriuli analizi
damabinZureblebis daRvris
Semdeg an gamwmendi nagebobis
teqnikuri mdgomareobis
gauaresebis Semdeg.
mcenareuli safari - samSeneblo moedani;
- samuSao ubani;
- narCenebis
dasawyobebis
ubani;
- misasvleli gza.
- vizualuri
kontroli.

- mcenareuli safaris
xarisxobrivi da raodenobrivi
Semowmeba samuSaoebis
dawyebamde;
- kontroli samuSao saaTebSi;
aragegmiuri Semowmeba;
- mcenareuli safaris Semowmeba
da aRdgena samuSaoebis
dasrulebis Semdeg.
- mcenareuli safaris SenarCuneba,
faunis/mosaxleobis
SeSfoTebis minimumamde
dayvana;
- niadagisa da wylis xarisxis
SenarCuneba.
- mSenebeli
kontraqtori;
- damkveTi.
narCenebi - samSeneblo moedani
da/an mimdebare
teritoria;
- narCenebis
ganTavsebis
teritoria.
- teritoriis
vizualuri
daTvaliereba;
- narCenebis marTvis
kontroli.

- periodulad, gansakuTrebiT
qarian amindSi.
- niadagisa da wylis xarisxis
dacva.
- mSenebeli
kontraqtori;
- damkveTi.
Sromis usafrTxoeba - samuSao ubani. - inspeqtireba;
- dacvis
individualuri
saSualebebis
arsebobisa da
gamarTulobis
regularuli
kontroli.
- perioduli kontroli
samuSaoebis warmoebis
periodSi.
uzrunvelyofa;
- travmatizmis Tavidan acileba /
minimumamde Semcireba.

- mSenebeli
kontraqtori
jandacvisa da
usafrTxoebis
oficeri;
- damkveTi.

195

10.2. monitoringis gegma eqspluatacia
kontrolis sagani /
gasakontrolebeli
qmedeba
kontrolis/sinjis aRebis
wertili
xmauri - uaxloes receptorTan. - mowyobilobis
teqnikuri
daTvaliereba;
- perioduli kontroli.
- perioduli kontroli;
- saremonto samuSaoebis
Semdgomi saCivrebis
SemTxvevaSi.
uzrunvelyofa;
- mosaxleobis minimaluri
Sewuxeba;
- faunaze minimaluri gavlena.
- hes-is operatori
kompania
niadagis
stabiluroba,
saSiSi geologiuri
procesebis
ganviTarebis riski
- wyalmimRebTan
ferdobsamagri
saSualebebi
kontroli;
- saderivacio milsadenis
teritoriaze,
gansakuTrebiT,
yelTan.
- inspeqtireba. - perioduli Semowmeba;
- Semowmeba samuSaoebis
dasrulebis Semdeg;
- Semowmebeba Zlieri
wvimebis an Tovlis
Semdeg;
- hes-is infrastruqturis
usafrTxoebis
uzrunvelyofa.
- hes-is operatori
kompania
niadagis xarisxi - qvesadguris teritoria;
- wyalmimRebis teritoria;
- narCenebis ganTavsebis
ubnebi.
- vizualuri kontroli;
- laboratoriuli
analizi
saWiroebisamebr. .
- transformatoris zeTis
gamocvlis / damatebis
Semdeg;
- laboratoriuli
Semowmeba zeTebis
daRvris SemTxvevaSi.
- niadagis xarisxis SenarCuneba;
- zedapiruli wylis zedapiruli
CamonadenebiT dabinZurebis
Tavidan acileba;
- gruntis wylis dabinZurebis
Tavidan acileba.
- hes-is operatori
kompania
ekologiuri xarji - kaSxlis qveda biefSi. - gazomvebi.

- periodulad. - wylisa da mdinaris
ekosistemebis usafrTxoebisa
da jansaRi nakadis
uzrunvelyofa.
- hes-is operatori
kompania
biologiuri garemo -
iqtiofauna
- kaSxlis zeda da qveda
biefSi.
- iqtiofaunis
(kalmaxis) populaciis
kvleva.
- weliwadSi orjer -
gazafxulsa da
Semodgomaze.
- iqtiofaunis arsebuli
populaciis SenarCuneba.
- hes-is operatori
kompania
narCenebi - wyalmimRebis teritoria;
- Zalovani kvanZis/
qvesadguris
teritoria;
- narCenebis dasawyobebis
ubnebi.
- teritoriis
vizualuri
daTvaliereba;
- narCenebis marTvis
kontroli.

- perioduli kontroli. - niadagisa da wylis xarisxis
SenarCuneba.
- hes-is operatori
kompania
Sromis usafrTxoeba - samuSao ubnebi. - inspeqtireba;
- dacvis individualuri
saSualebebis
arsebobisa da
gamarTulobis
regularuli
kontroli.
- perioduli kontroli
samuSaoebis warmoebis
periodSi.
uzrunvelyofa;
- travmatizmis Tavidan acileba /
minimumamde Semcireba.

- hes-is operatori
kompania
monitoringi (garda laboratoriuli analizebisa da xarjis gazomvebis aucileblobis SemTxvevebisa) damatebiTi xarjebis
gawevas ar saWiroebs. saremonto/teqmomsaxureobis samuSaoebis dros ganxorcielebuli monitoringi analogiuria samSeneblo
etapisTvis gansazRvruli monitoringisa. monitoringis sixSire da xangrZlivoba damokidebulia saremonto/teqmomsaxureobis
samuSaoebis masStabsa da xangrZlivobaze.
196

11. narCeni zemoqmedeba
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis gatarebis, garemosdacviTi menejmentis da
mSeneblobis/eqspluataciis procesSi saukeTeso praqtikis
gamocdilebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi narCeni zemoqmedeba dabali
iqneba. cxrilSi 39 miniSneba - aRniSnavs im faqts, rom narCeni
zemoqmedeba mosalodneli ar aris an umniSvneloa, xolo niSani
niSnavs, rom Semarbilebeli zomebis ganxorcielebis Semdeg
mosalodnelia garkveuli saxis zemoqmedeba.

cxrili 39. narCeni zemoqmedeba
zemoqmedeba
narCeni zemoqmedeba
- mSenebloba
narCeni zemoqmedeba
- eqspluatacia
narCeni zemoqmedeba
-funqcionirebis
dasruleba /
likvidacia
haeris xarisxis
daqveiTeba
- - -
xmauri da vibracia - - -
wylis xarisxi - - -
hidrologiuri reJimis
Secvla
-
(saSualo xarisxis
riski mdinaris 6-km-ian
monakveTze)
-
niadagis xarisxis
daqveiTeba
- - -
niadagis
stabilurobis
darRveva
- - -
saSiSi geologiuri
procesebis warmoqmna
- - -
zemoqmedeba floraze /
mcenareul safarze

mcenareuli safaris
moxsna hesis
komunikaciebis
ganTavsebis
teritoriebidan
(mTavari saderivacio
milsadeni da
misadgomi gza)
- -
zemoqmedeba faunaze
frinvelebi

(xmauris gavrceleba,
xanmokle)

(eleqtromagnituri
velis zemoqmedeba)
-
zemoqmedeba faunaze
iqtiofauna
-
(umniSvnelo riski
wyalmimRebis
konstruqciis gamo)
-
landSaftur-
vizualuri cvlileba

(landSaftis
cvlileba
wyalmimRebis,
misadgomi gzebisa da
xidis mSeneblobis
gamo)

(landSaftis cvlileba
wyalmimRebis, misadgomi
gzebisa da xidis
arsebobis gamo)
-
197

12. SesaZlo avariuli situaciebi
savaraudo avariul situaciebad SeiZleba, miCneul iqnas Semdegi:
avariuli situacia zemoqmedebis aRwera da reagireba
mSeneblobis etapi
niadagis stabilurobis
darRveva
- wyalmimRebis, saderivacio milsadenisa da misadgomi gzis mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli
riskebi analogiuria samSeneblo samuSaoebisas mosalodneli riskebisa;
- qanebis stabilurobis darRveva gvirabis gayvanis procesSi;
- samuSaoebis dawyebamde mSenebel-kontraqtorma unda gaiTvaliswinos yvela SesaZlo
avariuli situacia da unda SeimuSavos Sesabamisi samoqmedo gegma.;
- saWiroa regularuli monitoringi da Sesabamisi reagireba (saWiroebisamebr);
- personali unda iyos adekvaturad gawvrTnili.
sawvavis/zeTis daRvra
- manqanebisa da teqnikis gaumarTaobis gamo SesaZlebelia niadagis/wylis dabinZureba
daRvrili navTobproduqtebiT. aRniSnulis Tavidan acilebis mizniT manqana-danadgarebis
teqnikuri gamarTulobis perioduli kontroli, xolo daRvris SemTxvevaSi saWiroa
saTanado reagireba (dabinZurebuli ubnebis gawmenda da remediacia);
- teritoriis regularuli monitoringi, saTanado reagireba saWiroebisamebr;
- saWiroa daRvraze reagirebis kompleqtebis uzrunvelyofa;
- personali unda iyos gawvrTnili.
xanZari
- xanZris profilaqtikis mizniT saWiroa saxanZro usafrTxoebis wesebiT
gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis dacva;
- personali unda iyos adekvaturad gawvrTnili;
- uzrunvelyofili unda iyos xanZarsawinaaRmdego aRWurviloba.
travmatizmi
- travmebis riski SeiZleba, gaizardos Sromis usafrTxoebis wesebis darRvevis
SemTxvevaSi;
- saWiroa personalis instruqtaJi (pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis aRmoCenisa da Sromis
usafrTxoebis sakiTxebze);
- personalis aRWurva dacvis individualuri saSualebebiT;
- usafrTxoebis zomebis dacva/dacvaze kontroli;
- personalis samedicino dazRveva.
eqspluataciis etapi
198

xanZari
- xanZris profilaqtikis mizniT saWiroa saxanZro usafrTxoebis wesebiT
gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis dacva, kerZod, saWiroa Senobebis aRWurva avtomaturi
saxanZro signalizaciiT, Sida da gare xanZarsaqrobi sistemebiT, romlebic unda iyos
gamarTul mdgomareobaSi, unda SemuSavdes evakuaciis gegma;
- xanZarsawinaaRmdego aRWurvilobis uzrunvelyofa;
- Sromis usafrTxoebis wesebis mkacri dacva;
- personali unda iyos adekvaturad gawvrTnili.
sawvavis/zeTis daRvra
- manqanebisa da teqnikis gaumarTaobis gamo SesaZlebelia niadagis/wylis dabinZureba
daRvrili navTobproduqtebiT. aRniSnulis Tavidan acilebis mizniT manqana-danadgarebis
teqnikuri gamarTulobis perioduli kontroli, xolo daRvris SemTxvevaSi saWiroa
saTanado reagireba (dabinZurebuli ubnebis gawmenda da remediacia);
- transformatoris an turbinis zeTis qveda biefis wyalSi CaRvris SemTxvevaSi daRvris
gavrcelebis minimizaciis mizniT saWiroa specialuri Semakavebeli teqnikuri
saSualebebis gamoyeneba (mag., bonebi);
- turbinis zeTis xarjvis yoveldRiuri aRricxva;
- Sromis usafrTxoebis wesebis mkacri dacva;
- regularuli monitoringi;
- personalis instruqtaJi.
turbinisa da
transformatoris zeTis
daRvra
- daRvris prevenciis mizniT mniSvnelovania yvela zeTSemcveli mowyobilobis (mag.,
transformatorebis) teqnikuri gamarTulobis kontroli da saWiroebisamebr SekeTeba;
- daRvris SemTxvevaSi dabinZurebuli gruntis moxsna da gauvnebelyofa;
- qvesadguris teritoriaze zeTis avariuli daclis Semkrebi rezervuaris mowyoba;
- zeTis didi raodenobiT daRvris SemTxvevaSi daRvris lokalizeba da awmenda;
- Sromis usafrTxoebis normebis mkacrad dacva;
- regularuli monitoringi;
hidroteqnikuri
nagebobebis avariuli
dazianeba
- teritoria SeiZleba, daitboros;
- sadawneo milsadenis dazianebisas arsebobs niadagis stabilurobis darRvevis riski;
- avariuli situaciis albaTobis Semcireba sistematuri monitoringisa da reagirebis
Sesabamisi zomebis ganxorcielebiT;
199

- Sromis usafrTxoebis normebis mkacrad dacva;
travmatizmi
- travmebis riski SeiZleba, gaizardos Sromis usafrTxoebis wesebis darRvevis
SemTxvevaSi;
- Sromis usafrTxoebis normebis mkacrad dacva ubeduri SemTxvevebis Tavidan acilebis
mizniT;
- personalis instruqtaJi;
- momsaxure personalis samedicino dazRveva.
avariul situaciebze reagirebis zomebi mocemuli iqneba Sesabamisi instruqciebiT. yvela avariuli situacia
dafiqsirdeba, dadgindeba misi gamomwvevi mizezebi. Tu amis aucilebloba arsebobs, Catardeba Sesabamisi
remediacia.
hess unda gaaCndes evakuaciis gegma, mcire masStabis avariul situaciebze reagirebisTvis saWiro teqnikuri
saSualebebi/inventari, personalis piradi dacvis da sakomunikacio saSualebebi (telefoni, faqsi) avariis
SemTxvevaSi Setyobinebis da Sesabamisi damxmare/samaSvelo (saxanZro, saswrafo) samsaxuris gamoZaxebisTvis.
obieqtebi aRWurvili iqneba pirveladi samedicino daxmarebisTvis saWiro saSualebebiT, saxanZro inventariT.
periodulad Catardeba personalis instruqtaJi/treiningi operirebis da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebze.
200

13. informaciis gamJRavneba da sazogadoebis wevrebis
monawileoba bsgzS-s procesSi
SemuSavebda sazogadoebis/dainteresebul pirTa Sefasebis procesSi
CarTvis programa, yvela potenciurad dainteresebuli mxaris
monawileobis uzrunvelsayofad. ganisazRvra yoveli jgufis
monawileobis procedura, misawodebuli informaciis moculoba da
formati, grafiki, ukukavSiris meqanizmebi, amisTvis saWiro resursebi
da personali.

etapi/safexuri CarTvis procedura/meTodi
miwodebuli
informacia, formati
dagegmvis etapi
interviuebi saxelmwifo
moxeleebTan;
interviuebi da
konsultaciebi
garemosdacviT
samsaxurebTan da
eqspertebTan;
Sexvedrebi - personalTan,
garemosdacviT
eqspertebTan.
presrelizebi da
sazogadoebis
informireba masmediis
meSveobiT.
teqnikuri
dokumentacia.
prezentacia,
Tanamonawileobis
procesi
bunebriv da
socialur
garemoze
zemoqmedebis
Sefasebis etapi
interviuebi
dainteresebul pirebTan
kiTxvarebi
saz. Sexvedra (mosaxleoba,
arasamTavrobo
organizaciebi, sxv,)
arateqnikuri
dokumentacia
proeqtis reziume
Tanamonawileobis
procesi
mSeneblobis da
operirebis etapi
`Ria kari~-s principi
saCivrebze reagirebis
meqanizmi
ukukavSiri

201

14. gamoyenebuli literatura
1. saqarTvelos kanoni garemos dacvis Sesaxeb, saqarTvelos parlamentis
garemos dacvis wesebi;
2. saqarTvelos kanoni `garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis Sesaxeb;
3. saqarTvelos kanoni saxelmwifo ekologiuri eqspertizis Sesaxeb;
4. saqarTvelos kanoni atmosferuli haeris dacvis Sesaxeb;
5. saqarTvelos kanoni wylis Sesaxeb;
6. saqarTvelos kanoni licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb;
7. saqarTvelos kanoni eleqtroenergetikisa da bunebrivi gazis Sesaxeb (1999
w.);
8. saqarTvelos kanoni niadagis dacvis Sesaxeb;
9. saqarTvelos kanoni daculi teritoriebis Sesaxeb;
10. sanitaruli wesebi da normebi higienuri moTxovnebi samuSaoebis
Sesrulebisadmi samrewvelo sixSiris (50 hc) eleqtruli velis
zemoqmedebis pirobebSi (sanwdan 2.2.4. 008 - 02);
11. sanitaruli wesebi da normebi `higienuri moTxovnebi dasaxlebuli
adgilebis atmosferuli haeris dacvisadmi~;
12. sanitaruli wesebi da normebi `xmauri samuSao adgilebze, sacxovrebeli,
sazogadoebrivi Senobebis saTavsoebSi da sacxovrebeli ganaSenianebis
teritoriaze~;
13. sanitaruli normebi `dasaxlebuli adgilebis atmosferuli haeris
damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis zRvrulad dasaSvebi koncentraciebis
Sesaxeb~;
14. sanitaruli normebi da wesebi ~zedapiruli da gruntis wylebis
dabinZurebisagan dacvis Sesaxeb;
15. klimatis cnobari haeri, niadagi, temperatura. me-14 gamoSveba,
hidrometgami;
16. klimatis cnobari qari. me-14 gamoSveba, hidrometgami;
17. snw II-91-77. samrewvelo sawarmoTa nagebobebi;
18. snw II-7-81*. mSenebloba seismur raionebSi;
19. snw 2.01.02-85*. xanZarsawinaaRmdego normebi;
20. higienuri moTxovnebi myari sayofacxovrebo gadanayrebis
poligonebis mowyobisa da eqspluataciisadmi (sanwdan 2.1.7. 005. _
02);
21. `sawarmoo vibracia. vibracia sacxovrebeli da sazogadoebrivi
Senobebis saTavsebSi (s. n. 2.2 4/2 1.8. 000-01);
22.
() 35 (1990 ).
23.
. 153-34.2-02.409-2003.
24.

(1986 ).
25. ,

(1984 ).
26. saqarTvelos geologia, nino mrevliSvili, Tbilisi 1997;

202

27. saqarTvelos fizikuri geografia, l. i. maruaSvili, Tbilisi 1964;
28. saqarTvelos geologiuri ruka, g. gujabiZe Tbilisi 2003;
29. .. .,, ",, . , 1974 . .
30. ,, " . . .. .. - , .
". 1988 .;
31. ,, , 9, , 1,
". , . . ..
.. - , . ,,". 1972 .;
32. ,, , 9, , 1,
". , .
. .. - , . ,,". 1969 .;
33. .. ,, ".
IV , 10. , ,
. ,,". 1976 , . 164-171;
34. ,, " ,
. ,, - ( )" . 1980 .
35. saqarTvelos klimati da klimaturi resursebi. amierkavkasiis kvleviTi
hidrometeologiuri institutis naSromebi. hidrometeorologiuri
gamomcemloba, leningradi, 1971;
36. samSeneblo klimatologia (pn 01.05-08);
37. saqarTvelos meore erovnuli mimarTva UNFCCC-s;
38. University of Santa Clara Statistically Downscaled WCRP CMIP3 Climate Projections using the
Climate Wizard (http://www.climatewizard.org/ consulted in January 2012);
39. saxelmwifo garemosdacviTi angariSi, 2010.
40. sainformacio memorandumi (nawili 2 da 3), saqarTvelos energetikisa da
bunebrivi resursebis saministro, 2011;
41. angariSi 1951-1952 wlebSi aWara-guriisa da imereTis geologiuri daZiebis
jgufis samuSaoebis Sesaxeb, n.kandelaki da sxvebi (topografiuli rukis
nomenklatura K-38-62-A-g);
42. sainJinro geologia, v. lomTaZe,1985;
43. saqarTvelos geologiuri ruka, masStabi 1:500 000, g. gujabiZe, saqarTvelos
geologiis saxelmwifo departamenti da navTobis saxelmwifo kompania
saqnavTobi, Tbilisi 2003;
44. .. 1986. . .: . ;
45. .., .., .., .. 1986. -
. .: . (.), . , -
. -.;
46. saqarTvelos niadagebis ruka;
48. saqarTvelos niadagebis atlasi bunebrivi resursebis nayofierebisa da
dacvis Sesafaseblad, miwaTsargeblobis organizaciis (Sps) miwis
kadastrisa da registraciis proeqtis komponenti, Tanadamfinansebeli: KfW,
2006.
50. saxelmwifo garemosdacviTi angariSi, 2010.
51. saqarTvelos municipalitetebis ruka, statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri,
2011.
203

53. saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros
kavkasiis garemosdacviTi angariSi, 2005;
54. saqarTvelos wylis xarisxi da Camdinare wylebis gamwmendi sistemebi, m.
beciaSvili da m. ubilava, 2009.
55. amierkavkasiisa da daRestnis zedapiruli wylebis resursebi, t. 9.
dasavleT kavkasiis I gamocema;
56. hidrometeorologiuri samsaxuris administracia, saqarTvelos ssr, 1969;
57. saqarTvelos wylis resursebi, gia xmalaZe, 2009;
58. saqarTvelos hidrogeologiuri daraioneba (buaCiZe, 1970);
60. saqarTvelos hidrologiuri ruka;
61. meTodologiuri miTiTeba fonuri koncentraciebi qalaqebsa da
dasaxlebebSi, sadac ar arsebobs atmosferuli haeris xarisxis
dakvirvebebis monacemebi.
62. informaciuli biuleteni "miwisqveSa hidrosferos, ekologiuri
mdgomareobis, saSiSi geologiuri procesebis Seswavlis da
pidroprognozirebis Sesaxeb", saqarTvelos geologiis saxelmwifo
departamenti, 2000;
63. `saqarTvelos teqtonikuri daraioneba~, i. gamyreliZe, m. fruiZe, m.
gamyreliZe, m. lomiZe (2009). saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia;
64. ilias saxelmwifo universitetis seismuri monitoringis centris veb-
gverdze ganTavsebuli seismuri monacemebi (www.
http://seismo.iliauni.edu.ge/eqs/eqs.php);
65. seismuri monacemebi pn-01.01-09 samSeneblo kodeqsis Sesaxeb (seismomedegi
mSenebloba), damtkicebuli saqaTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
ministris 2009 wlis 7 oqtombris #1-1/2284 brZanebiT;
66. servis-provaiderebisa da saqarTvelos sagzao departamentis veb-gverdebi
(energo-pro da sokar jorjia gazi);
67. kavkasiis landSafturi ruka, beruCaSvili;
68. saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa, saqarTvelos prezidentis 2006 wlis maisis
#303 brZaneba.
69. saqarTvelos flora, t. I-XIV, 1987-1996, n. kecxoveli, a. xaraZe, r. RaRaniZe;
70. mcenareTa nomenklaturuli CamonaTvali, r. RaRaniZe, 2005;
71. r. Jordania, b. boemi, a. kuznecovi, 1999;
72. mcire zomis ZuZumwovrebis (mweriWamia, xelfrTianebi, kurdRlisnairni,
mRrRnelebi) sakadastro masalebi, a. buxnikaSvili, gamomcemloba
universali, Tbilisi, gv. 144;
73. saSualo da didi zomis ZuZumwovrebi, wigni: saqarTvelos
biomravalferovnebis programis masalebi, z. gurieliZe, Tbilisi, gv. 74-82;
74. saqarTvelos frinvelebis cnobari, m. kutubiZe, Tsu gamomcemloba,
Tbilisi, gv. 645.
75. saqarTvelos cxovelTa samyaro, t. III, xerxemlianebi, a. janaSvili, Tsu
gamomcemloba, Tbilisi, gv. 460;
76. kavkasiis ZuZumwovrebi. faunis warmoSobis istoria, n. vereSCagini, ssrk
mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba, moskovi-leningradi, gv. 703;
77. cxovelTa samyaro, f. gajievi. wigni: kavkasiis fizikuri geografia, g.
gabrieliani, erevani, erevnis saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba;
78. saqarTvelos mtknari wylis samrewvelo Tevzebi, m. demetraSvili,
saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba, Tbilisi, 1963;
79. saqarTvelos Tevzebi (cnobarebi), v. SarvaSiZe, gamomcemloba ganaTleba,
204

Tbilisi, 1982;
80. saqarTvelos mtknari wylis Tevzebi (atlasi), r. elaniZe, m. demetraSvili,
o. burWulaZe, b. yuraSvili, 1970, gamomcemloba mecniereba, Tbilisi, gv.
114;
81. mtknari wylis Tevzebis adgilobrivi populaciebis struqtura, t. 1-2, ssrk
mecnierebaTa akademia, riabinski, 1990;
82. saqarTvelos cxovelTa samyaro, t. 4. rbil ydaSi (mtknari wylisa da
xmeleTis moluskebi), wyalsacavis datotvilulvaSebianebi da niCabfexiani
kiborCxalisnairni; Tevzebi; gamomcemloba mecniereba, 1973;
83. saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis saagentos veb-gverdi.
84. saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis ruka - daculi teritoriebis
departamenti.
205

danarTi #1. narCenebis Senaxvis pirobebi da moZraobis sqema
# narCenis dasaxeleba
s
a
S
i
S
r
o
e
b
i
s

k
l
a
s
i

narCenebis marTva
usafrTxoebis pirobebi Senaxvis da
transportirebis dros
narCenebis
gadamuSavebis,
Camarxvis an
utilizaciis
pirobebi
1 2 3 4 5 6
1. sayofacxovrebo narCenebi
1.1.
sayofacxovrebo
saTavsebis da sakvebis
narCenebi
4
Segroveba - ganTavseba - myari sayofacxovrebo
narCenebis poligonze (msnp) gatana
- narCenebis Segroveba da ganTavseba
calkeul samSeneblo ubnebze mowyobil
specialur konteinerebSi.
- sawarmoo erTeulebidan gatana da
transportireba municipaluri
specavtotransportis meSveobiT, Sesabamisi
xelSekrulebis safuZvelze.

- dauSvebelia myari sayofacxovrebo
narCenebisaTvis gankuTvnil
konteinerebSi saSiSroebis 1, 2, da
me-3 klasis narCenebis ganTavseba,
maT Soris: luminescenturi
naTurebi, zeTiT dabinZurebuli
narCenebi, sxva masalebi, romelTa
ganTavseba msnp-ze akrZalulia.
- myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis
transportireba saboloo
ganTavsebis adgilamde unda
xdebodes specmanqanebis
saSualebiT, raTa gamoiricxos
narCenebiT garemos dabinZurebis
SesaZlebloba.

gatana msnp-ze.

1.2.
qaRaldis da muyaos
naWrebi, polieTilenis
parkebi
4
da/an
5
1.3.
damsxvreuli minis,
rezinis da plastmasas
narCenebi, namuSevari da
wundebuli varvaris
eleqtronaTurebi
4
1.4.
teritoriis naxveti,
Camocvenili foTlebi
5
2. saSiSroebis me3 da me4 klasis sawarmoo narCenebi, romelTa gatana da ganTavseba myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis poligonze daSvebulia
2.1.
damtvreuli Siferis
narCenebi,
azbestocementis
namsxvrevebi
4
Segroveba - ganTavseba - msnp-ze gatana
Semdegis Segroveba da ganTavseba:
- damtvreuli Siferis narCenebi,
azbestocementis namsxvrevebi - grovdeba
polieTilenis parkebSi da iwyoba
SemoRobil Ria moedanze.
- paronitis, rezinis, polieTilenis
milebis, minisebri qsovilebis,
penoplastis narCenebi - SemoRobil Ria
moedanze.
- xe-tyis narCenebi da naxerxi - fardulSi
an polieTileniT gadafarebul Ria
moedanze.

- dauSvebelia sawarmoo narCenebis
ganTavseba myari sayofacxovrebo
konteinerebSi.
- saSiSroebis me-3 da me-4 klasis
sawarmoo narCenebis gatana
xorcieldeba mxolod msnp-is
administraciis dokumentirebuli
Tanxmobis da Sesabamisi
`sakontrolo talonis~ arsebobis
SemTxvevaSi.
- sawarmoo narCenebis
transportirebis dros daculi
unda iyos usafrTxoebis yvela
zoma, raTa gamoiricxos garemos
ganTavseba:
sanitaruli
normebis da msnp-is
eqspluataciis
wesebis mixedviT.

pasuxismgebloba:
kontraqtori
organizacia
2.2.
paronitis, plastmasasa
da rezinis narCenebi
4
2.3.
qaRaldis da xis taris
narCenebi
4
2.4.
xetyis narCenebi da
naxerxi
4
2.5.
polieTilenis milebis,
minisebri qsovilebis
narCenebi, zumfara,
abraziuli mtveri

206

narCenebiT dabinZureba.
3. sawarmoo narCenebi, romelTa gatana da ganTavseba myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis poligonze dauSvebelia
3.1. vercxliswylis Semcveli nivTierebebis da masalebis narCenebi:
3.1.1.
luminiscenturi
naTurebi da maTi
narCenebi
1
Segroveba dagroveba narCenebis sawyobSi
gatana
sawarmoo ubnebze Segroveba:
- gamocvlili luminiscenturi naTurebi
ganTavsdes mSral, dauzianebel SefuTvaSi,
romelic gamoricxavs maT dazianebas
transportirebis dros;
- dazianebuli an damsxvreuli
luminiscenturi naTurebi unda ganTavsdes
polieTilenis parkebSi, Seikras da
Semaxul iqnas muyaos yuTebSi. saTavsi
unda iyos ganiavebadi.
- samSeneblo ubnebze am saxis narCenebis
dagroveba akrZalulia.
- narCenebis sawyobSi gatana droebiTi
ganTavsebisaTvis.

gadamwvari luminescenturi
naTurebis gamocvlas,
gamoyenebuli an damsxvreuli
vercxliswylis Semcveli
naTurebis Segrovebas
axorcielebs Sesabamisi
samsaxuris personali, romelsac
gavlili aqvs saTanado swavleba
da instruqtaJi. ikrZaleba:
- naTurebis Ria cisqveS Senaxva;
- Ria saTavsebSi ganTavseba;
- SefuTvis (taris) gareSe
Senaxva;
- naTurebis erTmaneTze dawyoba;
- gruntze ganTavseba;
- im organizaciisaTvis
gadacema, romelsac ar gaaCnia
Sesabamisi narCenebis
gadamuSavebis licenzia.
- vercxliswylis Semcveli
naTurebis narCenebis
daculi unda iyos
usafrTxoebis yvela zoma,
raTa gamoiricxos garemos
- eqvemdebareba
gatanas sawyobSi
droebiTi
ganTavsebisaTvis.
- gadaecema Semdgomi
utilizaciisaTvis
Sesabamisi
licenziis mqone
kontraqtors.

3.1.2.
vercxliswyliani
Termometrebi da maTi
narCenebi
1
gatana
- sawarmoo ubnebze Segroveba kargad
Sekrul polieilenis parkebSi da Semdeg
muyaos dauzianebel SefuTvaSi.
- sawarmoo ubnebze am saxis narCenebis
dagroveba akrZalulia.
- sawyobSi gatana droebiTi
ganTavsebisaTvis.
dauSvebelia:
- vercxliswyliani
Termometrebis ganTavseba
myari sayofacxovrebo
konteinerebSi.
- Ria cis qveS an SefuTvis
gareSe Senaxva.
- bunebriv garemoSi gadayra.
Termometris dazianebis da
vercxliswylis daRvris
SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia saTavsis
- eqvemdebareba
gatanas sawyobSi
droebiTi
ganTavsebisaTvis.
utilizaciisaTvis
Sesabamisi
licenziis mqone
kontraqtors.

207

demerkurizaciis RonisZiebebis
ganxorcieleba.
3.2.
3.2.1
Txevadi qimiuri
nivTierebebis narCenebi.
2
Segroveba dagroveba gauvnebelyofa
sakanalizacio sistemaSi gantavseba
- FIZ nivTierebebis dagroveba
laboratoriaSi an FIZ nivTierebaze
momuSave sawarmoSi. nivTiereba inaxeba
minis, mWidrod Tavdacobil rezervuarSi,
nivTierebis dasaxelebisa da pH
maCveneblis miTiTebiT da Semdegi
warweriT: ~toqsikuria mJava/tute!
- Segroveba mWidrod Tavmokrul
polieTilenis parkebSi da Semdeg muyaos
dauzianebel SefuTvaSi, Sesabamisi
warweriT: dasaxeleba, raodenoba, TariRi.
- dagroveba saTavsSi, romelic
aRWurvilia Sesabamisi saventilacio
sistemiT, specialur saaRricxvo JurnalSi
Sesabamisi Canaweris SetaniT.
- ganTavseba sakanalizacio sistemaSi:
gaunvebelyofili qimiuri xsnarebi
Tavsdeba plastmasas konteinerebSi,
saidanac (garkveuli raodenobis
dagrovebis Semdeg) moxdeba maTi CaSceba
samewvelo/saniaRvre sadrenaJo sistemaSi.
amastan, saaRricxvo JurnalSi gakeTdeba
specialuri Canaweri.
dauSvebelia:
-
- mJavisa da turis xsnarebis
Sereva gauvnebelyofamde.
- ganTavseba sadrenaJo
sistemaSi gauvnebelyofis
gareSe;
- qimiuri nivTierebebis
gauvnebelyofas awarmoenbs
Sesabamisad gawvrTnili
personali.
- ganTavsebamde izomeba pH
maCvenebeli.

eqvemdebareba
ganTavsebas sadrenaJo
sistemaSi pH=6.5-7
pirobiT.
3.3. tyviaSemcveli narCenebi
3.3.1
gamoyenebuli tyviis
akumulatorebis
narCenebi
(eleqtrolitisagan
daclili)
2
Segroveba dagroveba sawyobSi gatana
- Segroveba avtoteqmomsaxurebis ubanze,
kargad ganiavebad saTavsoSi.
- sawyobSi gatana Sesabamisad gaformebuli
dokumentaciis safuZvelze.
dauSvebelia:
- akumulatorebis narCenebis
ganTavseba myari
sayofacxovrebo
konteinerebSi.
- eleqtrolitis CaSveba
kanalizaciaSi.
- akumulatorebze meqanikuri
zemoqmedeba.
- xangrZlivi dagroveba (1
kviraze meti) narCenebis
- eqvemdebareba
gatanas sawyobSi
droebiTi
ganTavsebisaTvis.
utilizaciisaTvis
Sesabamisi
licenziis mqone
organizacias.
208

warmoqmnis ubanze.

3.4. navTobiT umniSvnelod dabinZurebuli narCenebi (zeTebis Semcveloba 15%ze naklebi)
3.4.1 gazeTili sawmendi
masala (ZonZi)
4
Segroveba dagroveba gatana
sautilizaciod
- dagroveba narCenis warmoqmnis adgilze,
Sesabamisi warweris mqone specialur
konteinerebSi.
- sautilizaciod (insineracia) gatana
kontraqtor organizaciastan gaformebuli
xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad.
dauSvebelia:
- zeTiT dabinZurebuli
narCenebis ganTavseba myari
sayofacxovrebo
konteinerebSi.
- narCenebis transportirebis
dros daculi unda iyos
utilizaciisaTvis
Sesabamisi
licenziis mqone
organizacias.

3.4.2
namuSevari zeTis
filtrebi
4
gatana
- dagroveba narCenebis warmoqmnis
adgilze, muyaos yuTebSi ganTavsebul
polieTilenis parkebSi.
- sawyobSi gatana Sesabamisad gaformebuli
dauSvebelia:
- zeTiT dabinZurebuli
narCenebis ganTavseba myari
sayofacxovrebo
konteinerebSi.
- eqvemdebareba
gatanas sawyobSi
droebiTi
ganTavsebisaTvis.
utilizaciisaTvis
Sesabamisi
licenziis mqone
organizacias.
3.5. zeTebisa da navTobproduqtebis narCenebi
3.5.1
namuSevari
satransporto zeTebi,
sapoxi masalebi.
3
gatana
- dagroveba warmoqmnis adgilze,
plastmasas an liTonis daxurul
kanistrebSi.
- narCenebis sawyobSi gatana Sesabamisad
gaformebuli dokumentaciis safuZvelze.
dauSvebelia:
- zeTis daRvra.
- namuSevari zeTebis CaSveba
sawarmoosaniaRvre
kanalizaciaSi, gadaRvra
niadagze an wylis obieqtebSi.
eqvemdebareba gatanas
sawyobSi droebiTi
ganTavsebisaTvis.
gadaecema Semdgomi
utilizaciisaTvis
Sesabamisi licenziis
mqone organizacias.
3.5.2
namuSevari
satransformatoro
zeTebi, romlebic ar
Seicaven mdgrad
3
gatana
plastmasas an liTonis daxurul
dauSvebelia:
- zeTis daRvra.
- namuSevari zeTebis CaSveba
sawarmoosaniaRvre
- eqvemdebareba
gatanas sawyobSi
droebiTi
ganTavsebisaTvis.
209

organul
damabinZureblebs, maT
Soris PCB (dagrovili
mxolod avariuli
situaciebis/avariebis
dros)
konteienerebSi.
kanalizaciaSi, gadaRvra
niadagze an wylis obieqtebSi.
- zeTis narCenebis
transportireba sxva
masalebTan an nivTierebebTan
erTad.
utilizaciisaTvis
Sesabamisi
licenziis mqone
organizacias.
3.6. plastmasasa da rezinis narCenebi
3.6.1 naxmari saburavebi 4
gatana
- Segroveba narCenis warmoqmnis adgilze.
- dagroveba ar aris rekomendebuli.
rezinis narCenebis dawva sastikad
akrZalulia.

3.6.2
lazeruli printerebis
naxmari kartrijebi
4
Segroveba msnpze gatana
- Segroveba narCenis warmoqmnis adgilze,
polieTilenis parkSi.
- dagroveba xangrZlivi Senaxvis sawyobSi.
- gatana licenzirebuli kontraqtoris
mier.

- gamoyenebuli kartrijebis
ganTavseba myari
sayofacxovrebo
konteinerebSi akrZalulia.
- narCenebis gatana
xorcieldeba mxolod msnp-is
administraciis
dokumentirebuli Tanxmobis
da Sesabamisi `sakontrolo
talonis~ arsebobis
SemTxvevaSi.
utilizaciisaTvis
Sesabamisi
licenziis mqone
organizacias.
3.7. samedicino narCenebi
3.7.1
gamoyenebuli bamba da
Spricebi
b
Segroveba sautilizaciod gatana
- ,
.
- ()

.

.

-

.
3.7.2
vadagasuli
medikamentebi
b
3.8. saRebavebis da saRebavis liTonis kasrebis narCenebi
3.8.1. saRebavebis da saRebavis
liTonis kasrebis/yuTebis
narCenebi
2
da/an
3
gatana
- Segroveba xis yuTebSi narCenis
dauSvebelia:
- saRebavis da liTonis
kasrebis narCenebis ganTavseba
- eqvemdebareba
gatanas sawyobSi
droebiTi
210

warmoqmnis adgilze.
- dagroveba warmoqmnis adgilze, daxurul
saTavsSi an myari safaris mqone fardulSi
samuSaoebis damTavrebamde.
- gatana xangrZlivi Senaxvis sawyobSi
Sesabamisad gaformebuli dokumentaciis
safuZvelze.
konteinerebSi.
- bunebriv garemoSi gadaRvra an
gadayra.

ganTavsebisaTvis.
utilizaciisaTvis
Sesabamisi
licenziis mqone
organizacias.
3.9. liTonis jarTi
3.9.1
Savi da feradi
liTonis jarTi
5
gatana
- Segroveba narCenebis warmoqmnis
adgilze specialurad gamoyofil
moedanze.
- dagroveba narCenebis warmoqmnis
adgilze specialurad gamoyofil
moedanze, moedans unda hqondes daqaneba
sawarmoosaniaRvre kanalizaciis mimRebi
Wis mimarTulebiT.
- gatana narCenebis sawyobSi Sesabamisad
dauSvebelia:
- liTonis narCenebis ganTavseba
konteinerebSi.

- eqvemdebareba
gatanas sawyobSi
droebiTi
ganTavsebisaTvis.
utilizaciisaTvis
Sesabamisi
licenziis mqone
organizacias.
3.9.2
SeduRebis
eleqtrodebis narCenebi
5
gatana
- Segroveba narCenebis warmoqmnis
adgilze.
- dagroveba liTonis kasrebSi an xis
yuTebSi narCenebis warmoqmnis adgilze,
saremonto samuSaoebis damTavrebamde.
- gatana narCenebis sawyobSi Sesabamisad
dauSvebelia:
- liTonis narCenebis ganTavseba
konteinerebSi.

- eqvemdebareba
gatanas sawyobSi
droebiTi
ganTavsebisaTvis.
utilizaciisaTvis
Sesabamisi licenziis
mqone organizacias.
3.10. xetyis narCenebi
3.10.1 xis naWrebi 5
Segroveba kerZo pirebis mier gatana
specialurad gamoyofil teritoriaze.
- gatana sawarmos an ijariT aRebuli
avtotranspotiT winaswar SeTanxmebul
adgilze.
dauSvebelia:
- xis narCenebis ganTavseba
konteinerebSi.

navTobproduqtebis daRvris
sawinaaRmdego prevenciuli
zomebis gatareba.
- gadaecema kerZo
pirebs
xelSekrulebis an
sawarmosTvis
misaRebi pirobebiT
3.11. navTobproduqtebiT mniSvnelovnad dabinZurebuli narCenebi
211

3.11.1
dabinZurebuli niadagi
da qviSa
3
Segroveba dagroveba dabinZurebuli
gruntebis droebiTi Senaxvis sacavSi gatana
- Segroveba warmoqmnis adgilze liTonis
rofSi.
- dagroveba - warmoqmnis adgilze dagroveba
rekomendebuli ar aris.
- ganTavseba navTobproduqtebiT
dabinZurebuli gruntebis droebiT
sacavSi, Sesabamisad gaformebuli
dauSvebelia:
- niadagze an Ria moedanze
ganTavseba.
- sakanalizacio sistemaSi
Carecxva.
- niadagze an wylis obieqtSi
gadayra.
zomebis gatareba.
- eqvemdebareba
gatanas
dabinZurebuli
gruntebis droebiT
sacavSi.
utilizaciisaTvis
Sesabamisi
licenziis mqone
organizacias.
3.11.2 dabinZurebuli naxerxi 3
Segroveba dagroveba dabinZurebuli
gruntebis droebiTi Senaxvis sacavSi gatana
- Segroveba warmoqmnis adgilze liTonis
rofSi.
- dagroveba - warmoqmnis adgilze dagroveba
rekomendebuli ar aris.
- gatana da ganTavseba dabinZurebuli
gruntebis droebiT sacavSi Sesabamisad
dauSvebelia:
- SeufuTavi saxiT niadagze an
Ria moedanze ganTavseba.
- niadagze an wylis obieqtSi
gadayra.
zomebis gatareba.
- eqvemdebareba
gatanas
dabinZurebuli
gruntebis droebiT
sacavSi.
utilizaciisaTvis
Sesabamisi
licenziis mqone
organizacias.

212

danarTi #2. narCenebis Senaxvis pirobebi da moZraobis sqema
(mSenebel-kontraqtoris mier Sesasrulebeli, garda mSeneblobis etapisa)
# moqmedeba garemosdacviTi da
socialuri riskebi
pasuxismgebloba /
sargebeli
moTxovnis wyaro
(EBRD PR #, EU, BAT
da sxv.)
resursebi /
pasuximgeblobaTa sfero
dasrulebis TariRi /
grafiki
mizani da Sefasebis
kriteriumebi / warmatebis
indikatori
garemosdacviTi da socialuri menejmenti zogadi moTxovnebi
G1 Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofa
standartebTan da sanebarTvo
moTxovnebTan
proeqtis garemosdacviTi,
socialuri da jandacvisa
da usafrTxoebis
menejmenti moqmedi
erovnuli da
saerTaSoriso
dadgenilebebis Tanaxmad.
EBRD PR1
saqarTvelos
kanonebi da
dadgenilebebi;
mowinave praqtika
GUE da kontraqtori,
proeqtis etapis
mixedviT (mSenebloba,
operireba),
garemosdacviTi (jug)
menejeri
yvela faza dainteresebul pirebs pretenzia
ar aqvT;
saCivrebisa da winadadebebis
Jurnali
G2 garemosdacviTi da
socialuri menejementisa da
monitoringis gegmis (gsmmg)
SemuSaveba
muSaoba garemoze
minimaluri zemoqmedebiT.
garemosdacviTi,
jandacvisa da
usafrTxoebis kontroli.
daxvewa.
EBRD PR1, RP3
IFC PS1
Sida resursebi,
SesaZlebelia
konsultantebis
monawileoba
eqspluataciis dawyebamde garemosdacviTi da socialuri
menejementis sistema
garemosdacviTi, jandacvisa da
usafrTxoebis menejmentis
efeqturi sistema.
mizani ISO 9001; 14000
standartebisa da mowinave
praqtikis moTxovnebis
dakmayofileba.
G3 gsmmg-s ganxorcieleba; auditi
da ganaxleba
garemosdacviTi da
socialuri menejementis
gaumjobeseba
ergb moTxovnebis
dakmayofileba.
EBRD PR1
IFC PS1
menejmentis dro, GUE yvela faza
SeTanxmebuli
intervalebiT (mag., yovel
3 weliwadSi erTxel
eqspluataciis procesSi)
ganaxlebuli gsmmg
mizani proeqtis
garemosdacviTi da socialuri
riskebis Semcireba.
G4 kontraqtoris/ mimwodeblis
menejmenti
kontraqtorebis
informireba maTi
pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb
garemosdacviTi,
socialuri da jandacvisa
da usafrTxoebis
sferoebSi, ESAP
moTxovnebis CaTvliT.
ergb da OSHA jandacvisa
da usafrTxoebis
procedurebTan
Sesabamisobis perioduli
Semowmebebi.
EBRD PR1, RP2
IFC PS2, PS4
GUE Sida resursebi
garemosdacviTi (an jug)
menejmentis dro
mSeneblobis etapze
qvekontraqtorebis
informireba Sesyidvis
procedurebis Sesaxeb
jug da socialuri moTxovnebi
unda ganisazRvros sakontraqto
xelSekrulebebiT. mizani
standartebTan, OSHA 1910, IFC
EHS miTiTebebTan Sesabamisobis
uzrunvelyofa.
sazogadoebis wevrebis/
recipientebis minimalurad
Sewuxeba. personalis /
sazogadoebis usafrTxoeba.
mcenareuli safaris / florisa
da faunis minimalurad
SeSfoTeba.
G5 wliuri angariSebis momzadeba
da ergb-sadmi wardgena ESAP
da saerTo garemosdacviT
standartebTan Sesabamisoba
sazogadoebasTan
urTierTobebi aris
gamWvirvale da kargad
organizebuli.
EBRD PR1, RP3
IFC PS10
menejmentis dro,
muSebis dro
wliurad (?) angariSebis aslebi.
213

garemosdacviTi menejmenti
E1 monitoringis grafikis
SemuSaveba da monitoringis
parametrebis ganaxleba (miT.
gzS)
zemoqmedebaTa efeqturi
monitoringi
EBRD PR1,
IFC PS1
Sida resursebi grafiki SemuSavebulia
eqspluataciis etapamde
da ganaxldeba
operirebis etapze.
garemos mdgomareobis efeqturi
kontroli. uaryofiT
cvlilebebze (aseTis arsebobis
SemTxvevaSi) reagirebis
SesaZlebloba.
mizani ISO 14001 dakmayofileba.
E2 xmauris monitoringi.
Sesabamisi Semarbilebeli
zomebis ganxorcieleba (miT.
gzS)
gadamcemi xazis agebisas
adamianebze zemoqmedebis
riski koSkebis ubnebi
axlos aris sacxovrebel
ubnebTan.
mowinave meTodebi
da IFC EHS
miTiTebebi
Sida resursebi mSeneblobis procesSi adamianebisa da faunis
minimalurad Sewuxeba.
sazogadoebis wevrebs pretenzia
ar aqvT.
E3 emisiebis (mtvris) kontroli.
gzS)
mtvris emisiis minimizacia
Ria cis qveS arsebuli
wyaroebidan, transportis
moZraobis gamo
(optimaluri marSrutebisa
da siCqaris SerCeva),
masalebis
transportirebis gamo.
mowinave meTodebi Sida resursebi mSeneblobis procesSi adamianebis minilurad Sewuxeba.

sazogadoebis wevrebs pretenzia
ar aqvT.

E4 Sesabamisi Semarbilebeli
gzS)
adamianebsa da biofizikur
garemoze zemoqmedebis
riski
mowinave meTodebi Sida resursebi mSeneblobis procesSi sazogadoebis wevrebs pretenzia
ar aqvT.
E5 Sesabamisi Semarbilebeli
gzS)
monitoringi kontrolisa
da garemoze zemoqmedebis
prevenciis mizniT
EBRD PR3,
IFC PS3
kontraqtoris
laboratoria
eqspluataciis procesSi,
kvartalurad
wylis xarisxis daqveiTebaze
reagierbis SesaZlebloba.
darRvevebisa da reagirebis
zomebis aRricxva.
garemos dacvis saministros
mier damtkicebuli MPC
dakmayofileba.
mizani mowinave meTodebiT
muSaoba; ISO 14001 da erovnuli
dadgenilebebis dacva.
E6 wylis xarjis monitoringi
kaSxlis qveda biefSi (miT.
gS)
wylis xarjis
monitoringi
EBRD PR3,
IFC PS6
Sida resursebi eqspluataciis procesSi,
sezonurad
monitoringis monacemebi
mizani - mowinave meTodebiT
muSaoba; ISO 14001
dakmayofileba.
E7 mcenareuli safaris
monitoringi gasxvisebis
derefanSi (miT. gzS)
monitoringi
eleqtrogadamcemi xazis
usafrTxo da efeqturi
muSaobis
uzrunvelsayofad da
avariebis Tavidan
asacileblad.
EBRD PR6,
IFC PS6
Sida resursebi eqspluataciis procesSi Senoba-nagebobebis usafrTxoeba,
adamianebis usafrTxoeba,
avariuli situaciebis prevencia.
mizani - ISO 14001 dakmayofileba;
erovnuli dadgenilebebisa da
IFC EHS miTiTebebis dacva
E8 saxifaTo masalebis
(asafeTqebeli nivTierebebis)
menejmenti
kontraqtoris movaleoba.
214

E9 frinvelebze monitoringi.
gzS)
Sejaxebisa da denis
dartymis riski
EBRD PR6,
IFC PS6
Sida resursebi eqspluataciis procesSi minimaluri zemoqmedeba
frinvelebze. darRvevebis
SemTxvevaSi Semarbilebeli
zomebis daweseba.

muSaoba da ISO 14001
dakmayofileba
E10 gadamcemi xazis koSkebisa da
kaSxlis saZirkvlebis
mdgradobis monitoringi
(miT. gzS)
monitoringi
konstruqciebis
mdgradobisa da
usafrTxoebis
uzrunvelsayofad.
mowinave meTodebi Sida resursebi eqspluataciis procesSi konstruqciebis usafrTxoeba,
adamianebis usafrTxoeba,
avariuli situaciebis prevencia.
E11 personalisTvis Sesaferisi
treningis proceduris
SemuSaveba da ganxorcieleba
garemosdacviTi
movaleobebisa da
usafrTxoebisa sakiTxebze
(miT. gzS)
personalis
informirebuloba,
garemoze zemoqmedebebis
adekvaturi menejmenti.
unar-Cvevebi garemoze
zemoqmedebis menejmentSi.
unar-Cvevebi
usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi.
EBRD PR1, PR2 menejmentisa da damswre
muSebis dro +
mwvrTnelebis
anazRaureba
eqspluataciis procesSi,
gansakuTrebiT
stiqiuri ubedurebebis
Semdgom.
treningis amsaxveli dokumenti
daswrebis JurnaliT.

mizani - OSHA 1910 da IFC EHS
dakmayofileba.
E12 avariul situaciebze
reagirebis gegmis SemuSaveba
(miT. gzS)
garemosa da personalis
usafrTxoebis
maqsimalurad dacva,
avariul situaciebze
drouli da efeqturi
reagireba
EBRD PR2, PR3, R4
IFC PS2, PS4
Sida resursebi,
SesaZlebelia
konsultantebis CarTva
eqspluataciis dawyebamde avariul situaciebze reagirebis
gegma. avariul situaciebze
efeqturi reagireba.

mizani mowinave meTodebiT
muSaoba da erovnuli
kanonmdeblobis dacva.
E13 narCenebis menejmentis gegma
(mSeneblobisa da
eqsluataciis etapebze) (miT.
gzS)
niadagisa da wylis
xarisxis SenarCuneba.
vizualuri receptorebi
EBRD PR3 Sida resursebi gaSvebamde narCenebis menejmentis gegma.
mizani - erovnuli
kanonmdeblobis dacva, IFC EHS
miTiTebebis dacva.
E14 teqmomsaxureobisa da
monitoringis grafiki (miT.
gzS)
EBRD PR4 Sida resursebi eqspluataciis dawyebamde teqmomsaxureobisa da
monitoringis grafiki.
muSaoba.
E15 vizualur-landSafturi
zemoqmedebebi. Sesabamisi
Semarbilebeli zomebis
ganxorcieleba (miT. gzS)
vizualuri zemoqmedeba
(gadamcemi xazi,
hesi/qvesadguri)
mowinave meTodebi Sida resursebi eqspluataciis etapi minimaluri vizualuri
zemoqmedeba.
jandacva da usafrTxoeba
S1 dainteresebuli pirebis
monawileobis gegmis
SemuSaveba, saCivrebis
dakmayofilebis sistemis
CaTvliT
dainteresebuli pirebis
monawileobisa da
konsultaciebis zogadi
monaxazi. saCivrebis
dakmayofilebis efeqturi
meqanizmi da drouli
EBRD PR10, PR2 Sida resursebi 2011 wlis ianvari angariSis warmodgena
saCivrebis dakmayofilebis
meqanizmi SemuSavebulia.
saCivrebis Jurnali
215

reagireba.
S2 proeqtis moculobisa da
sazogadoebaze
zemoqmedebebis Sesaxeb
informirebuloba
adgilobrivi sazogadoeba
informirebulia.
movlenebis negatiuri
aRqmis prevencia.
mowinave praqtika,
EBRD PR10, ICF
samusao standarti 4
mediis gamoyenebis
SemTxvevaSi
informaciis
gavrcelebis xarji
proeqtis dawyis etapze broSurebi
S3 dainteresebul mxareebTan
konsultaciebis
dokumentireba da
informirebulobis
procedura.
dokumentirebis procesi
gamWvirvalea da
logikuria.
EBRD PR10 muSakis dro uwyvetad konsultaciebis amsaxveli
werilobiTi dokumentacia
S4 dainteresebuli pirebis
monawileobis gegmis
Sesruleba (miT. gzS)
monawileoba moTxovnebis
Tanaxmad.
EBRD PR10 menejmentis dro, GUE uwyvetad uzrunvelyofilia
monawileoba moTxovnebis
Tanaxmad. SEP-iT moTxovnili
dokumentacia.
S5 treningis adekvaturi
proceduris SemuSaveba
personalisTvis socialur
sakiTxebze.
dainteresebuli mxareebis
informirebulobisa da
maTTan urTierTobis
saTanado menejmenti
EBRD PR1 menejmentisa da damswre
muSebis dro +
mwvrTnelebis
anazRaureba
uwyvetad, axali muSakis
an qvekontraqtoris
ubanze Semosvlamde.
treningis amsaxveli dokumenti
daswrebis JurnaliT.

S6 miwis Sesyidvis/
sacxovreblis aRdgenis
gegmis SemuSaveba
mosavlis dakargva,
miwaTsargeblobis formis
cvlileba.
EBRD PR5,
ICF samuSao
standarti 5
Sida resursebi,
SesaZlebelia
konsultantebis CarTva
samSeneblo samuSaoebsi
dawyebamde(gadamcemi
xazis komponenti)
miwis Sesyidvis gegma.
mosavliani miwis garantirebuli
kompensacia mSeneblobis
procesSi.
S7 adgilobrivi
mosaxleobisTvis socialuri
programebis SemuSaveba-
ganxorcieleba.
proeqtis mimarT
pozitiuri
damokidebulebis
Camoyalibeba.
mowinave praqtika Sida resursebi mudmivad, dro
gansazRvruli ar aris.
sazogadoebis wevrebis
sacxovrebeli pirobebis
dakmayofileba.
S8 sazogadoebis wevrebis
jandacva da usafrTxoeba
brifingi.
janmrTelobisa da
usafrTxoebis riskebis
minimizacia.
EBRD PR4 Sida resursebi broSurebis gavrceleba
eqspluataciaSi
Seyvanamde.
broSurebi.
sazogadoebis wevrebs
pretenziebi ar aqvT (ar
fiqsirdeba dazianebisa da sxva
arasasurveli SemTxvevebi)

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