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N

ucieaY phgstcs to/,6rt

'

Prabath Wiierathna

ot)

"',.--7

eaz

Pb.
uY

&ohrurn '{ u

decaS corslav,t 'lcrr 4.4a

Au ' o6qZ ^ learfr xtol


Le+ Lrg 'lc'l(e age o"l 'Lh.e at,h t3 t *hen 4l^e utanturvl in peser+. NLt ( asscrn^e +ho,l a{ -t--o Ntl = N' )
Nu = Noutltrt
l'le

n@ Led ?'''
Npb

Pro

sQrt

Nru'

= No- N"aaut

P.atr

N,

'-

;^"')
, _Aut
.d.^t

o o-[ 2N ct a^d 'uo ?b.


,38

L{

10,

pb

I 2ca = .-x,_= o 9 )rB

Noe

y" (t -e

.lurt -Au t l'e =- oQQ

I = t.g e. ^"L -.lut = Jn(Ze) = -e'641 { .= g .a+t x 4 .44 xtoe g4r3


o 6q3

b)

Bitr*e tedd
qdokn

is

(c

lruvn bQt

rS t.qK(olq A,rd
14E

-the oterv,.ent t^Jieh Qottla?trrn! hrg o+ S.laure (emn19- llar'1 ti le o'l tad (ead [S +ke Slo,bre oL{-{ corl. e aJ

u darag

Sen e9.

t, o)

--; =o---R-?
dn
dn
d+

Pdt- drudt
-rln =
R

re A+

d\e at e.tt e.l") clt

At
R

a(e
dt

At

JI

.lt

W=

- e.lt +c
A

at

l"=

fL= o'
L:---

^-_p .{.
At e Ir

lrent

--

?e .tt
a
Qt /A

r. =
+ >>> tr/z

P.s
A

'

AtL

- e( t-'d^I ) .l
Tzuen *hat

Itente e -at PO

N-_

I
I

'Imce we{h 1ve |eme Ac*ivr-lg become less and O ocrns'la,n't v^l ueteSe . ihe &ca9 eag 1o(4e ornc S 'lo gen ce we con gedpr -t ) >> L' /z -ll."e &-(.tyic^ 'Y6 le lJ ConS.lar.,-t . l.lenre +t"2 Pre Snt 'yadzo o.C'iVe muctei hvell ,reMatv'r eons'l c\vd valuO Szmce {"a g rna,.{cp ?cr
Cons4Aht vatio-

ll,

Aosorbed e^elgg

dosP

P'B'E
Y

= a'*xro-+ '1 | o
-To.lal

,tU 5lq-l
T

absorbed
en{95

n = ),* ,,o- * th*. 75

= o b)
doJSctu dllr.l-

@tgJ

?u1

Sv =

to-L ' r lZ = a8'8 Xto-4


2 '+x

@ t) a). Q = (u vo- H n,-l1c)

Cz

oozz+u) = (ttz. ol85ot{- )rl,'qstolu - t4' =: o. 03+19 u cz >o. sinre ehe(g"hcd.lLa Plev s4{3 =:3t

Torabi'

b) a = (Ua^-Hp.^-vrc)t
5
qI

/,

^'L

A11" oo?4Ett * 4" (c u zs ot85o - \-

oo26oLl

) C'

o)3

Ae

)O

'

ehe ( $?+|catrl1 ?os?b\e ' '

c)

CoLtlom' 6617rr ( heigktt

[q c.

27
,-".-

= *te'@,
L
D

=
YeL

t"rl ,44 x {r1x.+ ll. 6+

7c,
COq{o fy. la

32

Hev
H
e

b:rngr

he.ign4 4ar
I ++r 2x8(

.4

t 9'9

l(e-1.Rt

6T
+
.9

io'66ot
Nuct

Sor
6
\) a-Y !e 6
ar

9
Y al
l-

ar

SePev

o..han
Prra

'lor o(.

= ?a.t
=
16

.\) GI ,+
A,/

o- '-t-

s--t iO
{l

=t+[eor+tl'et)
- 6br(

tnnts !f, !:
(l

!lr

n).

erP_-_-

trs+e+v.
Q = Ts

(c.(vOn en rssrOn

Mp = U$+ He * Hve +@.

t1s+Tr.

ks
Fvorn

1
acrd

l"ls+

Hln

-A

Hp =
caog2dart^g

l"as+J

- /, t(e + Hrc -t Q
at^d
l,l

vr?lh Mq f
Q.

fe Vedg

Sry\o.|

| . lon

<c

Ht = Ms-t
SevcQ
'T$ << c

T. a't^d

Tgn

= Ts*Tv

wLon In, = o

Tar.i q

hee\,

I='T,.*nn=
censerva4ton
Pg^**.

l4l o)

P.et'
momeY^l

NO

tYrS

uru

D. rg-

cz,srdenng

rerafivistic

ea.4o..ha^

L" = WC'+ rne'Ct


plcz

ar,..d F --Te + tvrp(L

* rnef+ -- tr, + ^{ct1a1erwe:L / Pt" = Ie'+ alstu\<Cl geare Pe = ?o Pic" =Tea*)lerAeCL


dt,= l^Alv6"
ffi

%t4g

aba I,r_i7-\_
l'4!

P;

--

Vf^ Vo

7.-

(ft
aT

To =L H ot.ol

H;

-a; ffi$n

voz

-P:

?f=
he.nrc

l.-rp'T-p

).4tT o('= 1e' +

ervteLl
t^O

^L 13=V+etu\e

LV1CL

= l.+1.

Mo = 32. 065 u,
T0

rhe

" |x \'1.4

t'6

-13\2 / xto
-24 x (.to x{c t {ot

\,

x
qJ

Lx 3L.o65
d

+ r4lxl txti\
Q .: r,&)Lr*

-t1 o .t 55 tto-t.d

s2 obr Yt'b rrd'*


_31 ^ q.fo(to

I
U

xto

.d.

| ":+l

rfl oli

( rr,&) *
=

=( .L

-(3\ xl(xto )

2
,E[

2*32-o65 x t 6 xto

".tl.1l Wv / s L -.,6 r

E,I66.

x(o

^r8

-'-35 6'2a1 xla

*qi 't'/

B.

to(

((o-lcl -=)

ltl

BO *

s5
ercc4

Br -'-----)
emi*ion

8o

36

kr

a o! ---l tVe t- -t

"(cn

co,agzdav Q
Bo 3q

= ?1'C185)AU- 4q'cl6?461-( = z. oo45 l-1ev )o possrba'tt3


*^" + o F* + vun se z+ tl

haPpan

Er
eini ssroor

^" -ntn":.^:tfl'""^

&salron

- t'oa2' == 1.866q Ae.!r->o


8Co80

e^eYge$cdltt3 psszbtf

'

Ef

Bv+ p----,
-(
34
u te
-

Se+Ve

e (ea+.rcv1 capJ

q =

a1.Qre 5u L\ -

41 q,t(r2t t4

(az,tts)

gz5rY1^t

Ql(vs- *^) - av 23t + aS g8.od ( ta,o ) 5?5 Qa l(-o68o + Q6 tSXt +


av84 *cs
11 6a4l
a'o,)

vr

(8vn)

-o a5 (-*' -h1^) + tlhn


r ec
l.

46 45E +aa g'?gfrT

- (t

H (sr,

r+o )

l45hn^

5a

(mrt-^^)

av

145

+ qs '24

6oo

+ ac 618'?3q + qA 6.62xf-e

ho)

,@

M (o,t)

yutn

4'6v

+ 4s *

aA

\-/r&,,,:)

Ene'31 '{eieo.}e = [y Qt'ur) - - a4

t'l

Qs,ta)

nQ+.((tt) -ru(','))t
4
'

12.

t5+t

a.s

44 a "6t3

Qc -t?.85t?tAt

5QS,o)

58ao

(--+"+:++++t

al6. 3 + 21

+ sz|'4'-9 ) C-

?152-01 vq3l ,r

= ?* Lto a+53
@r)
ChN 4L l>V

l-'!..

v'

l,- -t
-t
+l
o
o

e+ Vet ln
-t
o

o
O

t-..-

117clate La,

+(
O

(.-

Le Lt

+l
o

+l
o

oX
t--

rt) F---r
(l.tatgg

e-+ e+ +

eved6

*l I

Lb Lq L7

O O

-t +( *t t"" o o o K *l -l tl K o o o 'l.r-

.la Lg ar..d La

trt) 7- ----t
ctna$.

+ ,t

-(

LV O
L7 +1
La o

-l

+t
o
o

o '-x
L-'

vcorr.r L3

a,.c".d L1

ox
o

l,
cho\qe-

Z---+ l,- +6,"


v,totq.te Lp a.ad L7

-t -t o -Lh o 'l o >< L7 'l o o K o oL' o te 8.hOoO\'

v)
C(,^a1a

Z---+ e- + .1-+l(-r
-( -t -t tl t-'
V?olo.l L( 4o.d ra

La Le
L6

I o
O

o I
o

o o K O er *
o o

[
I

.,an--* r-'+*f e+l


o

13)

VCt,arga

-l
o

4t -t

Lp

o o e'

Vdolq.te Ll^a.1ql

cot,ierva.*Lttr.,

Le
L1

o -l +(u

coosL-

vrt) Lb

l(+-1 f+*V. o +( o L"z' -1 o f


vzola-l Lvuutd Le.

chatgL +l

Lt- o
LL o
l/--+

o
o
+
'e

YUt) lt --+
Cl,a11

L6
L

+l o
o

*t 'l
o

^' o t// oY
,2
o

vlola'te tatyo'a nurnbQr akd

rwqg^

e-

Y1L16LQI c*1 Stvah'Ol4

o LL b-toloo>

t.o) lt--+ fr+tr" t( o ch|t)e tr -t o / L l^ o


LrLt b,r't o O +l g o o 6

\lolxle b'n a^ J

L l^'

Dt" ou
'<

a)
Ct"orlg

h ---{
o
a

P -t
l

Ye tve-

0 0/
OO,-' oOL/' C.hcrgA-

Lp

o
-bl

i9 trot

CoaSLrv-

bn
ug.
La-

+t
o
o

o
-l
L--

Ir) -!--gl*t Brs


Dbb

>r-

- -'/3

C ,/g L-t 1e
O.
l^,c.df

bD'te

csb

Al

Bary

or,n5

5cl
sb

rls

-)/z i-t/z
:c)

=o
Pleso nS

St
b-u '-/a

-tl,a +l /a

=O.

a
ha-cl

t/s-tlz

6\

r,t

oy M.lor'r-F' $ar1or'^' crynPoJt { oqJ barl o't4 vctrJ ) Ccclcqrs <ov.',f'oft u!?-rt" *ltae flu|-rx j rrhrch a\e' lh 3 hctn o+ +hil ilyee cct ou t i J u\lh i.le , at^d oalSzde,r in! LNz+h eolot f n^aJdh cor.larr." qqatr fue.d a'nftqu4rrc lt ar.d Ae^+reolDY !18rc0- cclour i9 wkr'l(
'
C\^

tv) a) uud w/'' cho-\gL = 2/u * '/s* '1s : X ch arge = ,15 I'1" = +15 b) L\C

+
(

t
\
J
\r

c)
) L)
d

uT vt^b L-,
cc<.

L..,' chan!{

( = 9/7 + t rj ='d

ctaorgz

=' e/z+ 2/s

r/3

: |'

l-s l5

l-s

.t)

4t kc^[

sT t-.-

Ch6,.,3< -' Lls+')/c+'L{3 ='2oha,(30- . ^113-412 = -l

n(4 cG^t?L - ?74+ Ylc

(t
5/Z

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