Cu 1:Trnh by v tr a l-Nm ra phang ca bn o ng dng, trung tm khu vc NA, -Nm trn cc con ng giao thng quan trng:hng hi,ng

g b,hng khng quc t -Tip gip vi cc nc trn t lin Trung Quc,Lo,Campuchia,trn bin TQ,Campuchia,Philippin, Malaixia, Brunay, Indone xia, Singapore, Thai lan. -Va gn lin vi lc a A-u,va tip gip vi Bin ng& thng ra Thi Bnh Dng rng ln. - H ta a l:+Phn trn t lin-im cc Bc: 23o23B (Lng c - ng vn - H Giang Cc Nam: 8034B (t Mi - Ngc Hin - C Mau).CcTy: 102 009 (Sn thu - Mng Nh - in Bin).Cc ng: 109024 (Vn Thnh - Vn Ninh - Khnh Ha)+Trn bin, h ta a l cn ko di ti v 6050 v 1010 -117020 - KTuyn 1050 (H giang - C Mau) nc ta trong mi gi 7 Cu 2:Phm vi lnh th a) Vng t:Gm ton b phn t lin v cc o DT 331212 km2 -Bin gii 4600km(V-T 1400Km,V-L 2100km,V-C 1100km,vic thng thng c tin hnh qua cc ca khu)-B bin di 3260 km(t Mng Ci n H Tin),28/63 tnh thnh c /kin k/thc tim nng Bin ng.C 4.000 o trong 2 qo ngoi khi xa l Hong Sa( Nng) & Tr/Sa(Kh/Ha) b)Vng bin:Khong 1triukm2-Gip bin TQ,Campuchia,Philippin,Malaixia,Brunay, Indo, Singapore, Thai lan-ng c s l ng thng gp khc ni cc o gn b &cc mi t xa b l cn c xc nh cc vng bin ch quyn gm:Ni thy,lnh hi,vng tip gip lnh hi,vng c quyn KT, thm lc a.+Vng ni thu l vng tip gip vi t lin,c xem nh b phn lnh th trn t lin. +Vng lnh hi l vng bin thuc ch quyn quc gia trn bin, c chiu di 12 hi l(1hi l=1852m) chnh l ng bin gii quc gia.+Vng tip giplnh hi l vng bin c quy nh nhm m bo cho vic thc hin ch quynca nc ven bin,chiu rng 12 hi l. Nh nc c quyn thc hin cc bin php bo v an ninh quc phng,kim sot thu quan, cc quy nh v y t,mi trng,nhp c.. +Vng c quyn kt l vng tip lin vi lnh hi & hp vi LH thnh mt vng bin rng 200 hi l tnh t ng c s.Vng ny Nh nc c ch quyn hon ton v Kt nhng cc nc khc c t ng dn du,dy cp ngm & tu thuyn my bay nc ngoi c t do v hot ng hng hi & hng khng.-Thm lc a:l phn ngm di bin & lng t di y bin thuc phn lc a ko di m rng ra ngoi lnh hi,c su khong 200m hoc hn na.Nh nc c quyn hon ton v thm d,khai thc,qun l v bo v cc ti nguyn thin nhin thm lc a. *)Vng tr:Khong khng gian bao trm trn lnh th nc ta. Cu 3: ngha ca v tr a)V t nhin:-VTLquy nh c im c bn ca thin nhin nc ta mang tnh cht Nm gi ma.-VT L l iu kin nc ta c ti nguyn khong sn v sinh vt phong ph.-VTL v hnh th nc ta tri di nhiu v li va gn vi lc a,va thng vi i dng nn TN phn ha a dng.- Nc ta nm trong vng c nhiu thin tai (bo lt, l lt, hn hn ) b)V KT-VH-XH v Quc phng-KT:pt Kt,thc hin chnh sch m ca,hi nhp,thu ht vn u t,v nm trn ng t hng hi, hng khng quc t .. u nt ca cc tuynng b xuyn ,ca ng ra bin ca Lo, B Thi, BCampuchia-VH-XH:to iu kin nc ta hi nhp khu vc,chung sng ho bnh,hp tc hu ngh v cng pt vi cc nc trong khu vc.-An ninh,quc phng: nc ta c v tr chin lc nn nhy cm vi nhng bin ng chnh tr trn th gii. Bo v ch quyn Bin ng l mt hng chin lc quan trng

C 4c im t nhin:1-t nc nhiu i ni 2-Thin nhin chu nh hng su sc ca bin 3- Thin nhin nhit i m gi ma 4- Thin nhin phn ha a dng Cu 4: Nu cc c im chung ca a hnh Vit Nam - H i ni chim u th nhng ch yu l i ni thp: +i ni DT,ng bng DT lnh th + H < 1000m; 85% DT; H > 2000m: 1%DT - Cu trc H kh a dng + H c vn ng do tn kin to lm tr li v phn bc + H thp dn t TB N v phn ho a dng. +Cu trc H gm2 hng ni chnh:TB - N (HL Sn,T Bc);Vng cung( 4 vng cung B, TS Nam) -H vng n/i m gii ma:Xm thc mnh vng i ni;Bi t nhanh B h lu. -H chu tc ng mnh m ca con ngi (v d:DT rng gim,xm thc,bc mn i ni tng do con ngi khai thc rng..to thm nhiu dng a hnh mi nh sng, bin)) Cu 5:Cc khu vc a hnh,th mnh v hn ch ca a hnh i ni ,ng bng. I NI NG BNG 4Vngni:ngBc,TyBc,T.SnBc,T.SnN - 2 B chu th: + BSH + BSCL - Cc vng trung du - Cc B ven bin min Trung tng DT + NB chuyn tip gia TSN v BSC: 1500km2. t ct pha, ngho dinh dng + i trung du chuyn tip gia B, TB v chia thnh nhiu B nh...... BSH + i trc gii T.Sn *) Th mnh - K/S => nguyn liu cho CN *) Th mnh - Rng => Pht trin lm nghip +Bl ni s/x lua go, rau xanh, cy CN - t feralit => Pht trin cy CN hng nm - ng c => Pht trin i gia sc +H bng phng, v tr ven sng, ven - Thy nng => Pht trin thy in bin l iu kin pht trin th, khu - Ti nguyn du lch CN, trung tm thng mi, ng GTVT +Ccngunlikhc:T.sn,K.sn,rngngp mn *) Hn ch:-Giao thng:H b chia ct, dc *) Hn chln vc su tr ngi giaothng. Thin tai: bo lt, hn hn nh hng -Thin tai:L qut, trt l t,xi mn,sng i sng v sn xut. mui,rt hi,ng t cc t gy. Cu 6:So snh vng ni B v Ty Bc + Ging nhau: H u nghing t TB - N

ng Bc Phm vi - Nm t ngn Sng Hng cao Ch yu l H ni thp (Ty Cn Lnh cao nht 2419m) Hng ni 4 cnh cung chm v Tam o Hng H nghing t TB - N nghing Cc dng +Cc cnh cung Sng Gm,Ngn Sn,Bc Sn,ng Triu H +Mt s nh ni cao nm chnh thng ngun sng Chy:Ty Cn Lnh. Pu Tha Ca,Kiu Liu Ti +Cc khi ni vi gip bingii Vit-Trung ,H Giang,Cao bng +i ni thp trung tm cao500600m +Vng i trung du thp gip Bng<100m. +Sng chy theo hng vng cung(S.Cu,S.Thng,S.Lc Nam b) Vng T. Sn Bc v Trng Sn Nam
T.Sn B (B. Trung b) -Phm vi:Nm t N.Sng C n Bch M -V tr: St bin gii Vit Lo -Hng ni:TB N:Gn cc dy ni //v so le - cao: Ni thp.Cao 2 u thp gia -Cc dng H chnh +P.bc:vng ni thng du tnh NghAn +gia:vng ni vi K Bng(Q.Bnh)v ni thpT.Qung Tr. +P.nam:vng ni Ty Tha Thin -Hu +Cui cng :dy Bach M m ngang ra bin 16OB l hng ro kh hu chn gi ma ng bc.

Ty Bc - Nm gia S.Hng v S.C H cao, s nhtVNam (Phan xi png cao nht 3143m 3 di H cng hng TB - N H nghing t TB -Cc dng H.. +Pha ng :dy HL Sn c nh Phan xi png(3143m) +Pty cc dy ni trung bnh bin gii Vit-Lo:t Khoa La San n sng c(Pu en inh,Pu sam Sao) + gia thp hn:Cc dy ni xen ln cc cao nguyn vi(T phnh, Sn La )ni tip vi vng ni vi NBnh ,Thanh Ho +Cc bn trng m rng thnh ng bng in Bin,Ngha L.. + Sng chy hng TB - N (S.Hng, S., S.M, S.C)

T.Sn N (N. Trung b) -Nmt Bch M n cc N.TB(v tuy 11oB - V tr: Nm st bin -Hngvngcung:gmcckhiniv C.nguyn - Cao v s - Thoi v pha Ty Nguyn dc v pha bin -Cc dng H chnh: +P.ng Gm cc khi ni (KonTum, cc N.B),m rng v nng cao,cc nh ni... +P.ty:cc CN ba dan (PlayCu, c Lc, c Nng. Di Linh) b mt rng,bng phng, cao t 500-800-1000m. +S bt i xng gia 2 sn ng-ty r hn Bc Trng Sn

c) Vng ng bng chu th:BSH v BSCL *Ging nhau:

-u l B chu th rng nht nc ta. -Hnh thanh trn cc vng st ln h lucc con sng -B bin phng cvnh bin nng,thm lc a m rng -H tng i bng phng thun li cho vic c gii ho. -t ph sa mu m,thun li cho SX n.nghip,c bit l la go *Khc nhau BSH BSCL 2 2 -DT:15000km - DT: 40.000 km (ln hn) -Ngun gc:Do S.Hng v S.Thi - Ngun gc:Do S.Tin v S. Hu bi p Bnh bi p - a hnh (thp hn))-Nghing t TB - N -a hnh (cao hn)-Nghing t TB +Thp v bng phng hn,c h thng knh - N rch chng cht. +Cao Pty v T.Bc,thp dn ra +Phn ln lnh th c H trng . bin. -t:ph sa c bi p thng xuyn (ph +B mt b chia ct thnh nhiu nhiu) do H.thng -Vic bi t hng nm c bn cn tip din +Mt s khu vc thp trng, g i -Ma l nc ngp trn din rng(Cc vng cao hn so vi a hnh ng bng. trng nh ng Thp Mi v T Gic Long -t:+ Ch yu l ph sa trong Xuyn nm pha T. ng Bng) (km mu m) -Ma cn nc triu ln vo lm 2/3DT nhim +Ngoi c bi p hng mn nm.... -loi t chnh:3 loi (tlt) +Khu rung cao bc mu, cc + Ph sa ngt 1,2trha-30%DT ng bng, phn trng ngp nc. b dc sng Tin & sng Hu. +Con ngi khai thc t lu +Ph sa nhim phn:1,6trha-41%DT,phn b i v bin i mnh ch yu ng Thp Mi,H Tin, C Mau *T.li:t ph sa do sng bi p + Ph sa mn75vnha-19%DT,phn b thnh thch hp pt nng nghip c bit l vnh ai ven bBin ng & vnh Thi Lan, la go,cy CN ngn ngy . *TL:t ph sa do sng bi p hng nm *KK:t trong ko c bi p thch hp pt nng nghip ,c bit l la go.. hng nm nn km mu m.t bc *KK:t nhim phn v nhim mn ln. mu . DT b ngp lt ln Cu 7: Nu khi qut bin ng. -Bin ng rng 3,477 triu km2 (ln th 2 trong Thi Bnh Dng)

-L bin tng i kn c bao bc bi cc vng cung o -Nm trong vng nhit i m gi ma *Nguyn nhn hnh thnh c tnh nng mv chu nh hng ca gi ma:Bng c v tr,phm vi ch yu thuc khu vc ni ch tuyn.nm trong khu vc chu gi ma. *Tnh cht N m gi ma v t/cht khp kn ca B c th hin qua cc yu t hi vn(nhit , mui,sng,thu triu,dng bin..) +T/cht N ca B th hin tonc bin cao,TB nm>23oC. +T/cht chu nh hng ca gi ma th hin:to thay i theo ma..(vng bin pha Bc..) mui thay i theo mamakh,TB30-33%.Sng mnh vo thi k gi ma Bv tc ng mnh nht n b bin BTB.Thu triu bin ng theo hai ma(l,can),ln cao nht BSCL v BSH +T/cht khp kn do hnh dng tng i kn to nn t/c khp kn ca dng hi lu c hng chy theo ma. Cu8 nh hng ca bin ng -Kh hu nc ta mang c tnh kh hu hi dng, iu ha hn(Ma ng bt lnh Ma h) *V sao nh c B,KH nc ta li tnh hi dng: +Bng l ngun d tr m ,lm cho m tng i ca khng kh thng >80% +Bng mang n cho nc ta lng ma ln +cc lung gi ma(TN v N)thi t B vo ,lun su theo thung lng sng lm gim lc aca cc vng ni pha Ty. +Bng lm bin tnh cc khi kh(gi ma B,Tn phong)qua bin vo nc ta. - a hnh ven bin v cc h sinh thi ven bin rt a dng v giu c. +a hnh b bin gm cc vnh ca sng, b bin mi mn, tam gic chu c bi triu rng, cc bi ct phng, cn ct, m ph, rn san h, o ven b.. +H sinh thi ven bin: . Rng ngp mn 400 nghn ha (nam b c 300 nghn ha, ln th 2 th gii) . Rng trm trn t phn. . H sinh trn cc o (VD: rng trn o Ct B) -Ti nguyn thin nhin bin phong ph: +K/sn:~Du kh cc b trm tch Nam Cn Sn,Cu Long,Th Chu-M La,Sng Hng. ~Titan sa khong ven bin min Trung +Hi sn a dng, nng sut sinh hc cao:2000 loi c , hn 100 loi tm, mc..Cc rn san h v nhiu loi sinh vt bin khc. -Thin tai vng ven bin: (bo, st l b bin, ct bay, ct chy,)

Cu 9: Thin nhin nhit i m gi ma th hin kh hu nc ta nh th no?

1)Tnh cht nhit i m: t0TB > 200. Tng lng bc x ln. Cn bng bc x dng. Tng s gi nng t 1400-3000 gi/ nm. Do:-nm trong vng n ch tuyn, gc tip x ln - mi nm mi ni u c 2 ln mt tri thin nh. 2) Lng ma v m ln -Ma TB 1500-2000mm/nm. (c ni ti 4000mm/nm ) - m tng i >80%, cn bng m dng. Do : Cc khi kh di chuyn qua bin ....(Nm gn bin ng, trong vng gi ma ng Nam ) 3)Gi ma Nc ta nm trong vng hot ng ca Tn phong bn cu Bc v gi ma ng Nam Gi ma ln t gi tn phong nn t/phong ch mnh ln thi k chuyn tip gia hai ma gi. Gi ma ma ng Gi ma ma h T gian T thng 11-4 Thng 5-10 Nguyn Khi kh t cao p Xibia v p thp Khi kh t cao p Bc AD v Nam AD, nhn xtry lia xtrylia ,Haoai v p thp Xibia, Iran. Hng Bc TNam v ng nam Phm -Gi ma B hot ng min B -C nc vi -Gi tn phong hot ng t Nng tr vo Nam(t 16oB vo) Tnh *Gi ma B:lnh kh *Gi ty nam c 2 lung gi t bc v nam AD cht v +u ma:T11,12,1,lnh kh. -Nng m,tocao>25oc,lng ma ln,chim 80% nguyn Do:Khi kh lnh thi trc tip t lng ma c nm.Do gi Ty nam t bin vo v nhn cao p Xibia qua lc avo ncta di hi t nhit i. +Cuima:T2,3,4,lnh m,gy ma -u maT5,6,7,Khi kh bc ADvo gy: +Nng phn ven bin,BngBB,Bc TB. m ma NB,Tnguyn.Do khi kh Ni t bc Do:khi kh lnh vng qua bin AD di chuyn theo hngTN Xm nhp trc tip vo nc ta mang theo hi nc. vo Tnguyn ,NB.+Nng kh B ven binTrung +Phm vi tc ng:Pha bc dy B,nam Ty Bc, BSH,to35-40oc, m 50%.Do BM.Do khi di chuyn v pha nam hiu ng phn (vt qua dy Trng Sn) ,gi ma B suy yu v b chn li -Gia ma v cui maT8,9,10 khi kh Nam AD dy BM . vo Vit Nam gy: +Ch tc ng tng t to nn 1 +Ma ln cho NB,Ty Nguyn.Do gi ma TN o o ma ng vi 3thnglnh(T <18 c) xut pht t cao p cn ch tuyn na cu Nam hot *Gi tn phong: ng,hnh thnh gi ma ma h chnh thc VN -Phm vi T Nng vo Nam. Vt qua vng bin Xo khi kh tr nn nng m. Tn phong bn cu bc hot ng +Gy ma nhiuchoTrungBvoT9,BSHvo T8. gy ma ng Trng Sn,kh +Do hot ng ca khi kh vt qua X,bin.Di NB v Ty Nguyn. hi t Ni l ng/nhn gy ma vo ma h cho c -Ngun gc:xut pht t trung tm hai min v ma t9 TB cao p cn ch tuyn Bc trn Thi *Gi ng Nam:TnphongbnCBcvgi maTN BnhDng thi v X.-HngB vo BB theo hng N do p thp BB ht. *KL:S lun phin cc khi kh hot ng theo ma(khc nhau c v hng v tnh cht) dn n s phn ma KH khc nhau gia cc khu vc: -MBc chia lm 2 ma :Ma ng lnh t ma v ma h nng m ma nhiu. -Mnam c 2 ma:Ma ma v ma kh. -Ty Nguyn v B ven binTrung Trung B c s i lp hai ma ma v kh. Cu 10: Phn tch ch nhit ca nc ta t B-N a phng Lng H Ni Hu Quy TP

t nm 23 5 25 1 0 t thng 1 16 4 1907 t thng 7 2809 2904 Bin nhit +/ t0TB nm: - c 6 a phng u > 20 t0 vng nhit i. - Cng ra Bc t0 cng gim : + HCM:27,1oc.+ Lng Sn: 2102 Gim ..? Do nc ta nm trong vng ni ch tuyn, gc nhp x ln. Cc a phng u c 2 ln mt tri ln thin nh nn lng bc xln. t0TB gim t NB do cng xa xch o +/ t0TB thng 1:Gia cc im chnh lch ln(LSn TPHCM 12,5oc) - 3 a phng min Bc t0 < 200C do nh hng ca gi ma ma ng. - 3 a phng Min Nam t0 >200C do dy Bch M chn gi ma ng bc. +/ t0TB thng 7 :togia cc a im chnh lch nhau t(LSn-TPHCM 0,1oc) - c 6 a phng t0 u >270 v thi gian ny na cu Bc ng v pha mt tri; mt tri ln thin nh ch tuyn bc v ang chuyn ng v pha X. - Cc tnh min trung v nh hng ca gi phn ty Nam.nn to cao hn. +Bin nhit MBc>Mnam.S chnh lch totrong nm ca Mnam khng ng k.Do MBc vo thng1 chu nh hng ca gi ma B..Mnam nng quanh nm *Kt lun : +Nc ta c ch nhit cao ca vng nhit i Do nh hng ca gi ma nn MB c mt ma ng lnh, MN nng quanh nm. Cu 11: Phn tch ch nhit ca nc ta t B-N Lng Quy TP a phng H Ni Hu Sn Nng Nhn HCM 0 0 0 0 0 0 t TB nm 21 2 23 5 25 1 25 7 26 8 2701 t0TB thng 1 1303 1604 1907 2103 230 2508 t0TB thng 7 270 2809 2904 2901 2907 2701 Bin nhit +/ t0TB nm: - c 6 a phng u > 20 t0 vng nhit i. - Cng ra Bc t0 cng gim : + HCM:27,1oc.+ Lng Sn: 2102 Gim ..? Do nc ta nm trong vng ni ch tuyn, gc nhp x ln. Cc a phng u c 2 ln mt tri ln thin nh nn lng bc xln. t0TB gim t NB do cng xa xch o +/ t0TB thng 1:Gia cc a im chnh lch ln(LSn TPHCM 12,5oc) - 3 a phng min Bc t0 < 200C do nh hng ca gi ma ma ng. - 3 a phng Min Nam t0 >200C do dy Bch M chn gi ma ng bc. +/ t0TB thng 7 :togia cc a im chnh lch nhau t(LSn-TPHCM 0,1oc) - c 6 a phng t0 u >270 v thi gian ny na cu Bc ng v pha mt tri; mt tri ln thin nh ch tuyn bc v ang chuyn ng v pha X. - Cc tnh min trung v nh hng ca gi phn ty Nam.nn to cao hn. +Bin nhit MBc>Mnam.S chnh lch totrong nm ca Mnam khng ng k.Do MBc vo thng1 chu nh hng ca gi ma B..Mnam nng quanh nm *Kt lun : +Nc ta c ch nhit cao ca vng nhit i Do nh hng ca gi ma nn MB c mt ma ng lnh, MN nng quanh nm. Cu 12:Thin nhin Nm gi ma th hin /hnh,sng ngi, t & s/vt nc ta nh th no? a)a hnh nc ta l a hnh ca vng nhit i m gi ma.

0 TB 0 TB 0 TB

Sn 2102 1303 270

Nng 2507 2103 2901

Nhn 2608 230 2907

HCM 2701 2508 2701

-Xm thc mnh m vng i ni: hnh b ct x,nhiu ni tr si .Nhiu hin tng t trt , t l. a hnh ccxt vng ni vi -Bi t nhanh Bng h lu sng :Nhanh nht l ra pha ng nam BSH v ty nam BSCL.. *Nguyn nhn:tocao,lng ma ln,phn ho theoma lm cho qu trnh phong ho,bc mn,vn chuyn xy ra mnh.B mt H c dc ln,nham thch d b phong ho. b)Sng ngi mang c im vng N m gi ma. -Mng lui sng ngi dy ;2360con sng>10km,dc b bin c 20km gp 1ca sng. -Sng ngi nhiu nc nhng phn ln l sng nh,giu ph sa:Tng lng nc 839t m3(60%lng nc nhn ngoi lnh th).Tng lng ct bn hng nmdo song ngi vn chuyn ra bin l200tr tn. -Ch nc theo ma:Ma l tng ng vi ma ma,ma cn tng ng vi ma kh. Tnh tht thng trong ch ma cng quy nh tnh tht thng ca dng chy *Nguyn nhn:Do nc ta nm trong khu vc gi ma nn lng ma ln phn ho theo ma, H dc,lp phong ho dy c) t:Qu trnh feralt l qu trnh hnh thnh t c trng cho vng kh hu nhit i m. -Lp phong ho dy, t chua,c mu vng.Din ra mnh vng i ni trn m a xt,v th t fe ra lt l loi t chnh vng i ni nc ta. *Nguyn nhn:Trong K nhit m cao,qu trnh phong ho din ra mnh,ma nhiu ra tri cc cht bad ,c s tch t xt st v xt nhm. d)Sinh vt: -H sinh thi:+Rng nguyn sinh c trng ca KH nngml rng n/i ml rng thng xanh. +Hin nay ph bin l rng th sinh vi cc h sinh thi rng n/i gima bin dng khc nhau. -Thnh phn loi:chim u th l cc loi N +Thc vt: ph bin l cc cy h u,Vang,Du tm,Du +V:cc loi chim th Ningoi ra l cc loi b st v cn trng -H sinh thi rng N m gi ma pht trin trn t feralt l cnh quan tiu biu cho thin nhinN m gi ma nc ta Cu 13: Nu nh hng ca thin nhin nhit i m gi ma n sn xut v i sng. a) nh hng n sn xut nng nghip +/Ch nhit m di do & k/hu phn ma thun li pt nn n/nghip Nnhiu v, nng sut cao vi c cu cy trng ph/ph.C th nhanh chng ph xanh i ni trc bng m hnh nng- lm kt hp. +/ Tuy nhin, kh hu tht thng, thi tit bin ng, thin tai, dch bnh gy kh khn cho sn xut. b)nh hng n cc ngnh kinh t khc v i sng +/ Thin nhin nhit i m gi ma to thun li pht trin cc ngnh kinh t quanh nm, nht l vo ma kh nh cng nghip khai thc, du lch, giao thng vn ti, cng nghip xy dng +/ Tr ngi - Ma ma bo gy kh khn cho cng nghip khai thc, xy dng, giao thng vn ti. - m tng cao kh bo qun my mc, nng sn . - Thin tai (lc xoy, ma , sng m, rt hi, l nh hng n i sng) - Mi trng thin nhin d suy thoi, kh hi phc.

Cu 14: Chng minh thin nhin nc ta phn ho a dng:Do nh hng ca v tr a l,ch gi ma to cho cnh quan thin nhin nc ta c s phn ho a dng theo chiu B-N, -T, cao

a)Phn ho Bc-Nam do:-Lnh th hp ngang v ko di 150v B v vy gc nhp xc s thay i t Bvo N.-nhhngcachg/ma cbit l g/ma B lm h thp ng k toMBc nc ta vo Mng.-nh hng ca a hnh, c bit l dy Bch M to ra ranh gii t nhin gia MBc v Mnam. Nn thin nhin nc ta phn ho a dng t B-N c im Phn lnh th pha Bc Phn lnh th pha Nam Gii hn T dy Bch M tr ra Bc T dy Bch M vo pha N Kh Thin nhin c KH nhit i m gi ma Kh hu cn xch o gi ma hu trng cho kiu kh h c ma ng lnh. nng quanh nm o Nhit TB nm >20 c >250c S thng lnh<200c 2-3 thng ,to TB<18oc Khng c o Bin nhit nm Ln(10-12 c) Nh(3-4oc) S phn ho ma Ma ng ma h Ma ma-ma kh r rt Cnh i cnh quan i rng gi manhit i. i R gi ma cn x o quan -Thin nhin thay i theo Thin nhin thay i theo ma. (Ma ng tri nhiu ma(Ma kh...,Mma....) my,lnh.....Mh....) Thnh phn loi SV Cc loi nhit i chim -Cc loi TVv V thuc u th,ngoi ra c cc loi vng xo v Ni nhiu loi cy cn nhit,cy n i v di c t pha N ln,pTy n cc loi th lng dy. -Cc loi cy chu hn, rng ng bng trng c c l v ma kh-Pht trin cc loi rau n i. Rtha N kh- Vccloith ln vng m ly(voi,h c s b)Phn ho ng Ty.do v tr a l vi pha tip gip vi bin.Cu trc v hng a hnhvi s tc ng ca cc lung gima B,Ty Nam nn thin nhin c s phn ho -ty v hnh thnh 3 di r rt(pha ng l vng bin v thm lc a, gia l Bng,pha Ty l ni * Vng bin v thm lc a: a dng v giu c -DT khong 1 triu km2. - nng- su,rng- hpca thm lc a tng on b bin tu thuc vng bng v i ni k bn. +Bn cnh bng rng: bng BB v bngNB th thm lc a nng v rng. +Bn cnh vng ni n st ra bin nn thm lc a hp v su. -Kh hu:Mang tnh cht N m gi ma.-Cc dng hi lu thay i theo hng gi ma * Vng B ven bin:Thin nhin thay i tu ni th hin mi quan h cht ch vi di i ni pha Ty v vng bin pha ng.-Ni i ni li xa vo t lin:Bng Bc B v B NamB m rng, cc bi triu phng thin nhin xanh ti thay i theo ma.-Ni i ni n lan st ra bin:Di B min Trung: hp ngang, b chia ct, t ct pha, b bin bi t, mi mn xen k, cc cn ct, m ph ph bin, thin nhin khc nghit nhng thun li pht trin kinh t bin v du lch. * Vng i ni:Do gi ma v hng ni nn c s phn ho gia bc- T bc;ng TSn- Ty Ngu. ng bc Ty bc Thin nhin mang sc thi cn nhit i gima +Ty nam l vng ni thp:thin nhin N mgi Ma ng lnh v n sm ma,Mng bt lnh,nhng kh hn +Vng ni cao:c thin nhin vng n i. Ty Nguyn ng Trng Sn Ma kh gay gt t thng XI-IV cnh quan Ma ma: Thu ng do n gi bc t bin vo, rng N,rng kh rng l. nh hng ca bo,di hi t N Ma ma t thng V-X Ma kh:thngV-Xvi gi phn ty nam

c)Phn ho theo cao.Do s thay i theo cao.Nc ta c DT l i ni. vng i ni KH c s thay i r nt v tov mtheo cao.Th/nhin thay i theo caoth hin r thnhng & sv ai cao cao Kh hu t H sinh thi ai n > 2600m n i Mn th Thc vt n i 0 0 i gi m t TB<15 quyn, thit sam. 0 trn ni (ma ng<5 ) cnnhit MB Mt m <1600m Feralt -Rng cn N l rng v l kim 0 0 gi ma 600mt < 25 c mn -ng vt: chim th cn nhit, ng trn ni 2600m ma nhiu, >1600m t vt lng dy. < 1600 MN m tng mn Rng pht trin km c cc cy n >1600m 900-2600m i v chim di c rn a y ai nhit MB<600m Nhit i +t ph sa -H sinh thi nhit i i gi MN<900m Mah nng B24%din +HST rng N m l rng thng 0 0 ma t >25 tcht t nhin xanh,nhiu tng cc vng ni thp m thay i +t feralt i mua nhiu.ng vt Ni phong ph tu ni ni 60% din +HST rng nhit i gi ma (rng tch thng xanh, rng rng l rng tha) (feralt vi, +HSTrng trn th nhng c bit feralt badan) (rng mn, rng trm xa van) Cu 15: Nu c im ca mi min t nhin.Nhng thun li v kh khn v t nhin mi min a/Min Bc v Bc Bc B-Phm vi:Nm pha t ngn sHng(gm Vng ni Bc v BSH)-c im a hnh:i ni thp, hng vngcung (4cnh cung), caoTB600m.Nhiu ni vi,B m rng.-B bin: phng,nhiu vnh o,q o-Kh hu:Gi ma bc hot ng mnh, ma ng lnh, t ma,ma h nng ma nhiu,thi tit c nhiu bin ng-Sng ngi:dy c, hng TB-N v vng cung.-Khong sn:Giu c(Than,vi,thic,ch, km,bdukh.sHng).-Th nhng Svt:ai nhit i chn ni h thp.Thnh phn loi nhiu thc vt N,n i v cn nhit.*Thun li-P/ trin cy n i v cn nhit,rau v ng.Khai thc khsn pht trin.Kh/thc kinh t bin.*Tr ngi:Bin ng thi tit b/Min Ty Bc v BcTB-Phm vi:Nm hu ngn SHng n dy BM(Vng ni Ty Bc v Bc TB)-c im a hnh:H ni cao v TB chim u th.Cao s, H dc.HngTB-N,cnhiu b mt CN vi,sn nguyn, B gia ni.bven bin nh hp.-B bin:Ven bin nhiu cn ct, m ph,bitm p-Kh hu:Gi ma B suy yu v bin tnh,ch c 2 thng to <20oc.Ma h c gi phn, bo mnh,ma ma chm hn vo thng 8-12-1,l tiu mn thng6.-Sng ngi:Sng hng TB-N ( BTB) hngT-ng,C dc ln nhiu tim nng thu in.-Khong sn:ng,st, crm, apatt, titan, vi, thic..-Th nhng Sinh vt:C y h thng ai cao(tn cc ai)Rng ch sau Ty Nguyn.*Thun liTrng cy cng nghip.P/trinnng-lm kt hp.Chn nui i gia sc.nhbt,nui trng thu sn.Khai thc ksn.Pht trin du lch bin.*Tr ngiTrt l t, bo, l, ct bay,gi phn c/Min NamTB v Nam B-Phm vi:Nam dy BM tr xung(Vng ni TS Nam v ng bng Nam B)-c im a hnh-Cckhinic,cc sn nguyn bcmn,cc cao nguyn bazan.Snng dc, sn ty thoi.B nam b rng ln v chui b nh ven bin nam trung b.C s tng phn v t nhin 2 sn -T ca Trng Sn-B bin ni khc khuu nhiu vnh bin su, ni thp phng vi bi triu rng.-Kh hu:CnX gi ma, nng quanh nm,chia 2 ma .....-Sng ngi ngn,dc,c 2h thng sngln (Sng Nai,Cu Long)-Khong sn:Bxt(Ty Nguyn).Du kh thm lc a-Th nhng Sinh vt:ai N chn ni ln n cao 1000m.Thcvt N v X chim u th.Nhiu rng v th ln:Rng cy h du vi voi v b rngRng ngp mn vi trn, rn, c su, chim..Thu sn phong ph.*Thun li-Trng cy cng nghip.Pht trin la nc.nh bt, nui trng thu sn.Khai thc du kh.Pht trin du lch sinh thi.*Tr ngi:Ngp nc ma ma Bsng Cu Long.Thiu nc ma kh.Xi mn ra tri min ni

C-VN S DNG V BO V T NHIN

Cu 16: Trnh by vic s dng v bo v ti nguyn nc ta. 1.S dng v bo v ti nguyn sinh vt. a/ Ti nguyn rng:*Hin trng: che ph 1943l43%,1983l 22%,2006 l 39% Rng cha m bo an ton sinh thi, ti nguyn R ang b suy gim c v s lng v cht lng. Suy gim ti nguyn R mnh nht t 1943 1983. T 1983- 2005, DT rng tng nhng ti nguyn rng vn cha phc hi. *Do:-Kh thc qu mc t rng lm ry-Chy R,ph rng lm vng chuyn canh cy CN,chin tranh *Hu qu:-Suy gim g, lm sn, nguyn liu TTCN -L lt, xi mn, tng CO2 -Mt ni c tr ca ng vt. Mt cn bng sinh thi *Bin php:-Theo quy hoch,phi nng che ph rng ln45-50%,vng ni dc phi t70-80% -Rng cquyhoch bov v s.dng ph hpvi 3 loi;Rphng h,R.c dng,Rsn xut. +i vi R phng hc k hoch,bphpbov nuidng R hinc,trng R trn t trng i trc +i vi R c dng:bo v cnh quan, a dng sinh hc cc vn quc gia,khu d tr thin nhinv rng v khu bo tn cc loi.+i vi R sn xut: m bo duy tr ptrin DT v cht lng R,duy tr phv cht lng t R -Trin khai lut bo v v pht trin rng, giao t giao rng cho dn. -Nhim v trc mt l qhochv thc hin ch/lc trng 5tr ha R n 2010,nng cao che ph 43% b./ S a dng sinh hc *Hin trng: Sinh vt t nhin nc ta rt a dng nhng ang b suy gim S lng loi TV-Vb suy gim nghim trng,trong s 1460loi TV c 500loi b mt dn(3%). *Ng/ nhn:-nh bt tn bo, qu mc..-Din tch rng b thu hp.,- nhim mi trng nc. *Hu qu:-Mt cn bng sinh thi..........-Mt ngun gen qu. *Bin php: + Xy dng v m rng h thng vn quc gia cc khu bo tn thin nhin + Ban hnh sch (360 loi thc vt 350 loi ng vt qu him) + Ban hnh cc quy nh trong khai thc:Cm kh/thc g qu, g rng non.Cmsn bt V tri php 2S dng v bo v ti nguyn t: *Hin trng:+Nm 1943DT t hong i trc2 tr ha,1983l13,8trha,2006l5,3trha. +Nm 2005:-t nng nghip: 9,4 triu ha (28,4% DT)- t lm nghip : 12,7 triu ha (38% DT) t cha s dng: 5.35 triu ha-Bnh qun t nng nghip thp( >0,1 ha/ ngi). +C nc hin c 9,3 triu ha t b e da hoang mc ha ( 28% din tch) *Nguyn nhn:-t b b ha sau nng ry,trng cy hng nmtrn t dc l nguyn nhn t b ong vng i ni.-Kh/ thct qu mc,lm dng phn ha hc,thuc tr su l ng.nhn t b bc mu nhim ng B *Bin php:+ i vi vng i ni:-pdng tngth ccbin php th li v canh tc(lm rung bc thang,ohvyc trng cy theo bng)-Ci to i trc bng cc bin php nng lm kp hp,trng R,ch ti Ru ngun.-Bo v rng, nh canh nh c. + i vi vng ng bng(t nng nghip) -Thmcanh,tng vnng cao hiu qu s dng t,i ivibnphn thchhp chng bcmu,hn ch sdng phnbn hahcthuctr su-Canh tc hp l,chnh thc thch hp ci tot,chngt bc mu,nhim phn nhim mn.-X l nc thi CN, cht bn cha nhiu vi khun chng nhim t, gy bnh cho cy.-M rng din tch t n/nghip bng cch ci to t phn mn.-(Ngoi ra ph th c canh la chng ly ha)-C bin php cht ch v k hochkhi khai hoang m rng TD t v chuyn mc ch s dng 3.S dng v bo v cc ti nguyn khc -Ti nguyn nc: S dng tit kim, chng nhim mi trng nc, pht trin thy li. -Ti nguyn kh/sn:Qun lcht ch vic khai thc,vn chuyn v ch bin.S dng tit kim,hp l. -Tinguyndu lch:bo tn,tn to gi tr ti nguyndlch,bovcnhquan.Pht trin dlchsinh thi. -Ti nguyn kh hu, ti nguyn bin: Khai thc, s dng hp l v chng nhim.

Cu 17: Trnh by vn bo v mi trng v phng chng thin tai nc ta: chin lc quc gia v bo v ti nguyn v mi trng. a/ Hai vn quan trng v mi trng nc ta * Mi trng mt cn bng sinh thi. Bin hin: gia tng bo lt, hn hn.Nguyn nhn: rng b suy gim nghim trng: -t b suy thoi v xi mn kh hu tng lng CO2.-Sng sui nc dng nhanh d gy l. thiu lp thc vt, mc nc ngm h thpdn n hn hn * Mi trng ang b nhim, nhiu ni cc cht gy nhim vt tiu chun cho php nhiu ln. vic x nc thi CN, kh thi, rc y t, rc sinh hot, vic lm dng cc cht c hi trong sn xut nh hng n sc khe con ngi, c bit nhng ni tp trung cc trung tm CN. b/ Gm 4 thin tai ch yu v bin php phng chng *Bo:Thi gian:Ma ma Thng 5-10 chm dn t B- N Vng nh hng Ven bin MB, MTrung Hu qu-Tn ph c cc cng trnh vng chc.-Lm v bin gy ngp lt,tc hi ln cho sn xut v i sng.-Bo trn bin lt p tu thuyn-Bin php-D bo chnh xc s hnh thnh hng di chuyn ca bo.-Tu thuyn trn bin phi tm ni tr n.-cng c bin.-S tn dn nu bo ln.-Chng bo kt hp chng lt. *L qut Thi gian Ma ma+MBc:thng6- 10.+Mtrung:T10T12. Vng nh hng+ Vng ni dc ln mt lp ph thc vt.Hu qu-Nc sng sui dng nhanh, chy mnh cun theo nh ca, ngi, gia sc, cy ci,-Bin php-Quy hoc cc im dn c-Qun l v s dng t hp l.-Bo v rng, trng rng *L lt:Thi gian+ Ma ma Vng nh hng-Chuth S.Hng (mabo, trng)BSCL (ma + triu cng)-Trungb:bo,l ngun.Hu qu ph hoi ma mng. -Bin php-Xy dng cng trnh tiu nc, ngn mn, bo v rng u ngun *Hn hn :Thi gian+ Ma kh:Vng nh hng +MBc:thung lng khut gi Sn La, Bc Giang.+MTrung: ven bin cc Nam Trung b.+MN:TyNguyn v B NB. Hu quThiu nc tiv sinh hot-Bin php+ Pht trin thy li , trng rng. *Ngoi 4 thin tai ch yu , nc ta cn c ng t ( Ty bc) sng mui, ma , lc xoy.. xy ra mt s a phng nhng cng gy tc ha ln n sn xut v i sng. c/ Chin lc quc gia v bo v ti nguyn v mi trng. S pht trin kinh t phi pht trin bn vng v vy chin lc bo v ti nguyn v mi trng bao gm cc nhim v: -Duy tr cc h sinh thi ch yu .. c ngha quan trng vi i sng cong ngi, -m bovn genccloi nuitrng&ccloi hoangd clin quann lich ludi ca con ngi. -m bovic s/dng hp l TN thin nhin,iu khinvic s/dng trong gii hn c th phc hi. -m bo cht lng mi trng sng. -Phn u t ti s n nh dn s cn bng vi kh nng s dng hp l ti nguyn. -Chng nhim, kim sot v ci thin mi trng.

PHN II: A L DN C

Cu 18:Phn tch tc ng ca c im dn s nc ta i vi s pt KT-XH v mi trng. a/ Nc ta ng dn v a dn tc: -Dn s: 85789 nghn ngi (1/4/2009).Th 13 nc trn th gii v ng th 3 trong Nam . TL: ngun lao ng di do, th trng tiu th ln. -KK:Tr ngi cho vic p.trin K.t, nng cao i sng vt cht v tinh thn chodnvic lm.. -Dn tc:54 thnh phnDT,DTVit(Kinh) 86,2%DScvai trquantrngtrongvic p.trinKT-XHnc ta Cc dn tc thiu s 13,8 % dn s ,c tr ch yu min ni( tr ngi Hoa, Chm, Kh me) Ngoi ra cn c 3,2 triu ngi Vit sng nc ngoi. Cc dn tc lun on kt trong bo v v xy dng t nc. -TL: a dng v bn sc VH v truyn thng DT.Hin nay chnh lnh v trnh v mc sng cn ln, cn u t pht trin vn ha kinh t min ni hn na. b/ Dn s nc ta cn tng nhanh v c cu dn s tr *DS tng nhanh c bit vo cui TK XX dn n bng n DS,mi nm tng hn1tr ngi -Dn s nc ta tng nhanh nhng khng u,gia cc thi k,gia cc vng( nng thn thnh thi.) + Thi Php thuc (trc 1954) dn s pht trin chm (1%)do i sng ca ngi dn kh cc. + T 1954- 1976:DS bng n,gia tng DS(3-4%)l giai on xy dng XHCN min Bc.i sng c nng cao,t l sinh tng nhanh. +T1976-nay:T khi thng nht t nc DS pht trin chm li(1,3- 2%)do thc hin c/sch KHHG -Dn ng, tng nhanh nn quy m dn s ngy cng ln..Mc gia tng DS hinnay c gim(do thchin tt KHHGD),nhng cn chm. *Gia tng DS gim nhng s dn tng hng nm vn cao v:Quy m dn s ln(dogiai on trc c s bng n DS ),DS tr,s ngi trong tui sinh cao VD:Quy m dn s 70tr ngi,gia tng DS l 1,5% th tbnh mi nm DS tng 105tr n gi. Quy m dn s 84tr ngi,gia tng DS l 1,3% th tbnh mi nm DS tng 110tr n gi. *Nguyn nhnDS tng nhanh: K sng c nng cao,Yt pt,quan nim lc hu,quy m dn s ln, s ngi trong tui sinh cao *Dn s ng, tng nhanh gy sc p ln. i vi s pht trin kinh t:Chuyn dch c cu KT theo ngnh& theo lnh th.Tc tng trng DGP.Vn vic lm (cc ch tiu kinh t /ngi thp, mt cn i gia cung v cu do nn kinh t cha p ng, nhu cu tiu dng tch ly, thiu vic lm) i vi vic pht trin x hi ( Cht lng cuc sng chm ci thin. Thu nhp/ngi thp, bnh qun lng thc /ngi gim,t l i ngho tng, u t y t, gio dc gp kh khn,vic lm,nh ). i vi ti nguyn mi trng:Cn kit ngun ti nguyn. nhim Mtrng .Khng gian c tr cht hp (Nhu cu sng tng, ti nguyn b khai thc mnh hn, rc thi kh thi,cha x l..) Vic y mnh cng tc dn s k hoch ha gia nh l vn cp bch ca nc ta. *Dn s nc ta tr nhng ang gi i 1999 2009 Xu hng thay i 0- 14 tui 33,5% 25% Gim 15- 59 tui 58,4% 66% Tng >60 tui 8,1% 9% Tng .Dn s nc ta tr c( <14 tui chim >25% , >60 tui <10%) c u im l ngun lao ng di do,d tip thu KHKT,vn dng nhanh, nhng gnh nng x hi ln v kh khn cho sp xp vic lm. T 1999- 2009c cu dn s nc ta gi i , y l xu hng tch cc v gnh nng x hi gim v lc lng lao ng tng ln. c/Phn b dn c cha hp l:Gia ng bng vi trung du min ni:Gia thnh th v nng thn:Ngay trong mt vng

Cu 19: Trnh by c im phn b dn c nc ta. Nu nh hng v gii php. 1/c im: Mt dn s TB nc ta l 254 ngi/ km2 (2006) nhng phn b cha hp l a)Gia ng bng vi trung du min ni: - Bng: (1/4 din tch) tp trung 75% dn s . - mt cao ( BSH 1225 ng/km2) -TDmin ni:(3/4 din tch) ch c 25% dn s.-Mt thp hn ng bng nhiu (Ty Bc 69 ng/km2) *Ngnhn:Vng Bng ng +K t nhin tli:a hnh,t,nc..+Lch s nh c:dn c snh sng t lu i+Trnh pt KT-XH,chnh sch c nn kt Ptrin,nhiu trung tm Cn,cc th..Vng min ni tha dn v.(Ngc li) *nh hng: +S dng L khng hp l,lng ph,ni tha L(ng bng),ni thiu L(min ni) +Khai thc ti nguyn TDMN do t L nn KK. b/ Gia thnh th v nng thn: Dn thnh th 26,9% dn s . - mt cao. Dn nng thn : 73, 1% dn s. - mt thp hn. ang c s chuyn dch ng k dn s t nng thn ra thnh th .y l s chuyn dch tch cc theo chiu hng tin b,ph hp vi qu trnh CNH-HH t nc. -Tuy nhin ch yu dn c nc ta vn sng nthn. *Nguyn nhn:+Vng nng thn ch yu SX nn,phng tin lc hu cn s dng nhiu L.. +Vng thnh th l ni tp trung nhiu th,cc trung tm SX v DV nn dc c mt cao. *nh hng n qu trnh CNH v TH. c)Ngaytrong mt vng mt dn s cng c s khc nhau: 2 2 BSH(1225ng/km )>BSCL(429ng/km ) gp 2,9 ln.. 2. Bin php:Chnh sch pt dn s hp l v s dng c hiu qu ngun L -Kim ch tc tng DS: y mnh tuyn truyn,thc hin tt c/sch v php lut DS,KHHG -Phn b li dn c v lao ng trn phm vi c nc; -Xy dng quy hoch v c chnh sch thch hp p ng xu hng chuyn dch c cu DS t nthn ra thnh th.-y mnh o to L v xut khu L-y mnh pht trin vn ha, kinh t (c bit pht trin CN) TDMN,nthn nhm khai thc hp l ngun ti nguyn.-Hn ch nn di dn t do. Cu20:Nu c im ngun L nc ta.c im nh hng n s pht trin KT-XH ? a/ c im ngun lao ng -V s lng:nm 2005 nc ta c 42,53 triu l/ng chim 51,2 % dn s.Mi nmc thm1 triu L. - V cht lng: + Ngi lao ng nc ta cn c, sng to , c kinh nghim sn xut (nng lm ng nghip v tiu th CN).+Cht lng lao ng ngy cng c nng cao nh pht trin VH y t, gio dc.Lao ng qua o to t 12,3% (1996) 25% (2005) tng s lao ng. Trong trnh cao ng, i hc trn i hc tng hn gp 2 t 2.3% (1996) 5,3% (2005) tng s lao ng. +So vi y/cu hin nay,LLL c trnh vn cn mng, c bit l i ng cn b qun l,cng nhn k thut lnh ngh cn thiu nhiu. thc k lut cha cao,cha tn dng ht thi gian L -V phn b:Khng u Bng tha l/ng,min ni thiu l/ng. Lc kthut tp trung cc th. b/ nh hng Tch cc:-Ngun lao ng di do, gi cng lao ng thp thun li pht trin cc ngnh cn nhiu lao ng (CN ch bin dch v) v l sc ht ln vi u t nc ngoi trong giao on hin nay. -Trnh lao ng tng l iu kin pht trin cc ngnh cn k thut cao(in t, cng ngh thng tin, ch to my, hng khng,) Tiu cc:Tuy nhin, ngun lao ng tng nhanh gy sc p vi vic sp xp vic lm nht l cc vng ng bng v th ln. -Lao ng phn b khng ng u v s lng (gia bng v i ni) v cht lng (gia thnh ph ln v nng thn) cn lm chm qu trnh CNH nng nghip v pht trin k.t, v.ha m.ni nc ta. - Lcha qua o tocn qu ln.Llng c tr/ cao c bit l cng nhn,l/ng lnh ngh cn t.

Cu 21: C cu L: *C cu theongnh: s liu minh ha cc nhn xt trong t lt trang15 -C cu:Phn ln L nc ta tp trung ngnh nng-lm- ng(cm). T trng lao ng ngnh CN XD v dch v cn thp(cm) hiu qu s dng lao ng cn thp -S chuyn dchT 1996- 2007 :nng-lm-ng gim..(cm..)CN-XD v DV tng..(cm..) -KL:c cu L chuyn bin tch cc, theo chiu hng CNH HH nhng cn chm *C cu theo thnh phn KT:-KL ang c s thay i tch cc ph hp vi ng li ptKT nhiu thnh phn trong thi k i mi,nhng cn chm. *Ccu L theo thnh th nng thn:tlt trang15(Tnh ccu biu ct1960,2007) -Ch yu L nc ta nthn(2005 l 75%)-T l L thnh th tng?...,t l L nthn gim?... iu ny cho thy v mt L nc ta vn ch yu l nc NN.S chuyn dch c cu L theo ngnh cng nh tin trnh TH cn chm,dn c vn tp trung ch yu vng nthn. -Mc d L ch yu nthn,nhng L c tay ngh ,chuyn mn k thut li ttrung thnh th. *Nguyn nhn:Thnh th thng l trung tmVH-KT-KHc,chnh tr, u mi GThng,c nhiu K o to v yu cu s dng L cht lng cao.Nthn l ni KT-VH,CSHT gio dc cn chm pt,khng th o to kp thi L. *Mc d c s chuyn dch trong c cu L nhng cn hn ch:Nng sut L thp.Phn ln L c thu nhp thp.Phn cng L x hi cn chm chuyn bin.Cha s dng ht qu thi gian L. Cu 22: Ti sao ni: Vic lm l 1 vn x hi ln nc ta hin nay.Gii php . a/ Hin trng vic lm:VL l 1 vn XH ln nc ta.Tnh trng tht nghip,thiu VL l vn gay gt. Nm 2005 C nc Thnh th Nng thn L thiu vic 8,1% 4,5% 9,3% L tht nghip 2,1% 5,3% 1,1% *Nguyn nhn:(Nc ta lao ng phn ln trong ngnh N-Lm-Ng, lm vic theo thi v nn t l thiu vic gp 4 ln t l tht nghip. Tnh trng tht nghip gay gt khu vc thnh th do lao ng tng nhanh hn kh nng to vic lm ca nn kinh t, trnh lao ng cha p ng c yu cu ca 1 s ngnh cng nghip, dch v) *Mi quan h DS-L-VL:DS ngv tng nhanh(>1triu ng/nm).nn ngun L ng v tng nhanh,dn n tht nghip v thiu VL cao v tng nhanh. b/Gii php Hng gii quyt (cc bin php ) - Phn b li dn c v ngun Ltrn phm vi c nc.- Thc hin tt chnh sch DS,sc kho sinh sn cc vng,cbit l nthn,thnh ph ln, bng -Pht trin SX:+a dng ha cc hot ng SX,dch v.+Tng cng hp tc Qt,m rng SX hng ho.Thu ht vn u t to vic lm.+a dng ha cc loi hnh o to nng cao cht lng i ng L.+To mi trng kinh t thun li ngi Lt to vic lm.+y mnh xut khu lao ng

Cu 23 . c im qu trnh th ha, nh hng ca th ha n s pht trin kinh t x hi 1/ c im a/ Qu trnh th ha din ra chm , trnh th ha thp.T th k VIII trc cng nguyn, thnh C Loa c coi l th u tin ca nc ta.T 1975 n nay ,qu trnh th ho c nhiu chuyn bin kh tch cc.Nm 2009 t l dn thnh th l29.6% b/ T l dn thnh th tng song cn thp Nm 1990 nc ta c 12,9 triu ngi sng thnh th chim 19,5% DS c nc. n 2006 c 22,3 triu dn s th chim 26,9% 2009l29.6% DS c ncT l dn thnh th cn thp so vi cc nc trong khu vc. c/ Phn b th khng u , ch yu l th nh: -Cc th ln tp trung bng ven bin -S lng v quy m th c s khc nhau gia cc vng +S lng:Nm 2006 c nc c 689 th trong ch c 38 thnh ph (5.5 % Tng s th ) nhng s th trn l 597 (gn 87 %) Trung du min ni Bc b c nhiu th nht (167 th ) , ng nam b c t th nht (50 th ) (nh vy chc nng chnh ca phn ln cc th l hnh chnh ) +Quy m:S dn th ng nht NB,BSH,BSCL.Vng c s dn th t nht l Ty Nguyn. *Nguyn nhn:(kinh t: nc ta ang tin hnh qu trnh CNH-HH,cng nghip c u t pt. X hi:i sng nhn dn c nng cao,dn nng thn di c ra thnh th).DS tng nhanh ...... 2/ nh hng -Tch cc: +TH c tc ng mnh ti qu trnh chuyn dnh c cu KTnc ta theo xu hng ptrin CN &Dv +Cc th c nh hng rt ln n s pt KT-XH ca cc a phng,cc vng:2005 khu vc th ng gp70,4%GDPc nc,80% ngn sch c nc,84%GDP CN-XD,87% GDP dch v. + Cc th l th trng tiu th ln, ni s dng lao ng c k thut , ni tp trung c s vt cht k thut hin i c sc ht vi u t . To ra ng lc cho s pht trin kinh t. +Cc th c kh nng to nhiu vic lm v thu nhp cho ngi lao ng -Tiu cc:tp trung qu ng dn trong th cng ny sinh nhiu hu qu xu: vn nhim, an ninh trt t . Cu24: Phn tch mi quan h ca qu trnh THv s chuyn dch c cu nn KT nc ta. -TH c tc ng mnh ti qu trnh chuyn nh CCKT nc ta theo xu hng pht trin cng nghip dch v.:-Ngun Ldi do, gi cng Lthp thun li pht trin cc ngnh cn nhiu lao ng (CN ch bin dch v) v l sc ht ln vi u t nc ngoi trong giao on hin nay. -Trnh Ltng l kin pt cc ngnh cn k thut cao(t,Cngh Ttin,ch to my, hng khng,) -S chuyn dch c cu nn KT gp phn thc ymnh m qu trnhTH +S chuyn dch c cu nn KT theo hng CNH-HH c t/ng thc y cc ngnh CN,DV pt mnh,to ht nhn hnh thnh v pt cc T,khu th mi. +L nng nghip gim dn v chuyn sang ngnh CN vDV,nhng ngnh c trnh ,k thut,nng sut v thu nhp cao lm c s ca kinh t th. -KL:Gia qu trnh TH v s chuyn dch c cu nn KT c mi quan h cht ch,tc ng qua li,thc y nhau cng pt. Cu 25 Nguyn nhn,hu qu v bin php khc phc s chnh lch t l gii tnh nc ta. *Nguyn nhn:-Trong dn c cn nhiu quan nim lc hu:trng nam khinh n..Nhiu gia nh thch c con trai.-S pht trin ca k thut siu m nn nhn bit c gii tnh thai nhi sm.Hin nay nc ta vn no ph thai vn c coi l hp php .*Hu qu:Mt cn bng gii tnh.Xo trn cc quy nh ca XH.Ra tng t nn v ti pham bun bn ph n.*Bin php:Chnh sch khuyn khch cc gia nh sinh con mt b l gi:Tuyn dng cc G c con gi hc gii &thnh t,sinh con gi s c thng.-Phi thay i nhn thc ca ngi dn v vn dn s:Tuyn truyn &gio dc.Php lut nghim cm la chon gii tnh thai nhi di mi hnh thc.-u tin n gii trong cc lnh vc hc tp,lao ng

A- CHUYN DCH C CU KINH T

Cu26: Xu hng chuyn dch c cu kinh t C cu Xu hng chuyn dch - Gim t trng khu vc I, tng t trng khu vc II,t trng khu vc III tuy cha n nh,nhn chung l tch cc, song s chuyn dch cn chm.(s liu biu trong Atlt trang17) - Trong ni b tng khu vc, tng ngnh cng c chuyn dch + Khu vc I: t trng NNgim, thy sn tng,. Trong ngnh NNt trng trng trt cao ,c xu hng gim, chn nui thp & c xu hng tng,(s liu trong biu atlt trang18,19) -Ngnh +KhuvcII:CN khai thc gimt trng,CN ch bin tng,c cu CN ch bin cng thay i. kinh t Trong tng ngnh CN tng t trng sn phm cao cp,gim sphm c cht lng thp..(21) + Khu vc III:Gia tng lnh vc kt cu h tng & pt Th, nhiu loi hnh dch v mi ra i: vin thng, Hot ng du lch ngy cng pht trin. KL:Xuhng chuyn dch tch cc,ng hng,ph hp vi y/cu chuyn i c cu KT,tuy nhin tc cn chm. - Kinh t nh nc: gim t trng tuy vn gi vai tr ch o. -Kt c vn u t ncngoi:t trng tng nhanh v ngy cng c vai tr quan trng. - Thnh - T trng kinh t t nhn tng cn kinh t c th v tp th gim. phn kinh KL:Xu hng chuyn dch cho thy nc ta ang pt nn KT hng ho vn hnh theo t c ch th trng c s qun l ca nh nc theo nh hng XHCN.Cc thnh phn KT ang c pht huy th mnh v nc ta ang hi nhp vo nn KT TG. - Hnh thnh cc vng ng lc pt KT, cc vng chuyn canh,cc khu CN tp trung,khu ch -Lnh th xut c quy m ln. kinh t -Vic pht huy th mnh ca tng vng dn n s c/dch ccu KT v p/ho SX gia cc vng - Trn phm vi c nc hnh thnh 3 vng kinh t trng im B T- N. ngha C ngha chin lc i vi pt KT v cng nghip ha,hin i ha t nc Cu 27: Gi tr sn xut nng, lm nghip v thy sn (gi so snh 1999) n v : t ng Nm 1990 1995 2000 2005 Nng nghip 61817,5 82307,1 112111,7 137112,0 Lm nghip 4969,0 5033,7 5901,6 6315,6 Thy sn 8135,2 13523,9 21777,4 38726,9 Tng 74921,7 100864,7 139790,7 182154,5 a.Tnh t trng V biu th hin s chuyn dch c cu sn xut cc ngnh trn.Rt ra nhn xt. a.Tnh t trng: C cu gi tr sn xut nng, lm, thy sn (%) Nm 1990 1995 2000 2005 Nng nghip 82,5 81,6 80,2 75,3 Lm nghip 6,6 5,0 4,2 3,5 Thy sn 10,9 13,4 15,6 21,2 Tng 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 b.V biu min c.Nhn xt - C cu gi tr sn xut N- L- TS ca nc ta c s chuyn dch theo hng tng t trng ca ngnh thy sn, gim t trng ngnh nng nghip, lm nghip ( dn chng) - S chuyn dch trn nhn chung l tch cc, pht huy c th mnh ln ca nc ta v thy sn . Song s chuyn dch trn cn chm, t trng ca ngnh nng nghip cn kh cao. - T trng ca ngnh lm nghip thp v ngy cng gim chng t rng ca nc ta b suy thoi nghim trng. V vy cn c chnh sch tp trung vo vic trng rng, tu b rng nhiu hn.

1-C IM CA NN NNG NGHIP

Cu 28: Nn nng nghip nhit i c thun li v kh khn g? 1/Thun li v kh khn ca nn nng nghip nhit i aThun li: Kt nhin v ti nguyn thin nhin cho php nc ta pt mt nn NN nhit i -Sn phm nng nghip a dng:Kh hu N m gi ma, phn ho theo B-N v cao,theo ma c nh hng cn bn n c cu ma v v c cu sn phm NN,th mnh gia cc vng (Ch nhit m phong ph cho php c nhiu loi cy trng vt nuiv pht trin quanh nm). -Kh nng xen canh,tng v:C th p dng cc phng thc canh tc nh xem canh, tng v, gi v. -C nhiu s/phm n.nghip c gitr x.khu,cbit l la nc&cy c.nghip c ph,cao su,h tiu,iu -C th mnh khc nhau gia cc vng.S phn ho hnh, t trng cho php v ng thi i hi p dng cc h thng canh tc khc nhau gia cc vng(B th mnh l cy gn ngy,thm canh tng v v nui trng thu sn v min ni c th mnh l cy lu nm,chn nui gia sc ln) b.Kh khn:-Tnh bp bnh ca nng nghip nhit i. -Cc tai bin thng xuyn xy ra: l lt, hn hn, bo - Cc dch bnh i vi cy trng v vt nui. -Tnh ma v kht khe trong sn xut nng nghip Cu 29:Nc ta ang khai thc ngy cng c hiu qu nn nng nghip nhit i. -Cc tp on cy con c phn b ph hp hn vi cc vng sinh thi nng nghip. -C cu ma v c s thay i quan trng, vi cc ging ngn ngy, chu su bnh v c th thu hoch trc ma bo lt hay hn hn. -Tnh ma v c khai thc tt hn nh y mnh hot ng vn ti, p dng rng ri CN ch bin v bo qun nng sn. -Vic traoi nng sn khp cc vng trong c nc nh th m hiu qu s.xut NN ngy cng tng. -y mnh x.khu nsn l mt hng i quan trng pht huy th mnh ca nn n.nghip Ni. Cu 30:Hy phn bit mt s nt khc nhau c bn gia NN c truyn v NN hng ha, hin i. a.Nt khc nhau c bn gia nng nghip c truyn v nn nng nghip hng ha hin i. Tiu ch chnh Nn nng nghip c truyn Nn nng nghip hin i -Quy m SX - Sn xut nh - Sn xut quy m ln. -Cng c Lng - cng c th cng,s dng nhiu l - S dng nhiu my mc. -Nng sut L - Nng sut thp. - Nng sut lao ng cao. -Hnh thc SX - a canh l chnh. -Chuyn mn ha,lin kt nng-cnghip -Mc ch SX -Sn xut t cp, t tc. - Sn sut hng ha p ng th trng. -Mi quan - Ngi sn xut quan tm nhiu -Ngi SX quan tm nhiu hn n li tmln nht ca n snlng. nhun. ngi sx - Ngy cng pht trin ,c bit vng -Thc trng -Cn rt ph bin.Pht trin nhiu c truyn thng SX hng ha, gn VN vng lnh th, nht lvng trcGT,cc thnh ph ln. su,vngxa, kh khn giao thng. Cu31 Xu hng chuyn dch c cu nng nghip(s liu biu trong tlt trang 19) -T trng ngnh trng trt cao c xu hng gim(dn chng biu ngnh chn nui) 2000chim78,2% n 2007chim73,9%,trong 7 nm gim 4,3% -T trng ngnh chn nui thp & c xu hng tng(dn chng biu ngnh chn nui)2000 chim19,3%n2007chim24,4% trong7 nm tng 5,1% -Xu hng chuyn dch c cu ngnh trng trt:Gim t trng cy lng thc2000chim60,7%n2007chim56,5%,gim 4,2% :tng t trng cy cng nghip2000chim24,0%n2007chim 25,6%, tng 1,6%

2-VN PHT TRIN NNG NGHIP(Chuyn dch c cu NN)

Cu 32: Vai tr ca ngnh nng nghip. Nhng thnh tu trong sn xut lng thc nc ta. a.V:-m bo cung cp lng thc cho>80 triu dn,c bit cho dn cc vng chuyn canh& khu CN -Cung cp ngun ngliu cho ngnh CN ch bin thc phm.-Cung cp ngun thc n cho chn nui v l ngun hng XKquan trng.Vic m bo an ton lng thc l c s a dng ha nng nghip b.Thnh tu(S dung cc s liu trong cc biu trang19) - DTgieo trng la tng mnh, 5,6 triu ha 1980 trn 7,2 triu ha (2007)do m rng DT,tng v - Nng sut la tng mnh: 1980: 21 t/ha/nm. Hin nay: 49,9 t/ha/nm.2007 Do p dng khoa hc k thut v nng nghip (c bit thy li, ging mi nng sut cao). - Sn lng la cng tng mnh. 1980 : 11,6 triu tn. Hin nay:2007;35,9tr tn - C cu ma v c nhiu thay i. DT La ng xun & h thu tng,la ma gim - Bnh qun lng thc u ngi trn 470 kg/nm t ch sn xut khng m bo nhu cu trong nc tr thnh nc xut khu go th 2 trn th gii. -Hng nm xut khu 4-5 triu tn/nm. -Phn b:BSCLl vng SX la ln nht,chim trn 50% DTv trn 50% sn lng la.Bnh qun lng thc / ngi > 1000 kg/ngi/nm. BSH:vng SXla th 2 c nc,chim 20% sn lng la, c nng sut la cao nht nc. Cu 33:Da vo atlt hy trnh by hin trng SX &phn b cy la ca nc ta.(Atlt trang 19) 1.Hin trng sn xut la ca nc ta giai on 2000 2007. a/Tnh hnh sn xut Nm 2000 2005 2007 -Din tch la gim: nm 2007 so vi - Din tch la (nghn ha) 7666 7329 7207 nm 2000 gim 1,1 ln, 459nghn Sn lng la (nghn tn) 32530 35832 35942 ha.Gim lin tc. Nng sut la (t/ha) 42 49 50 Bnh qun la theo u ngi (kg) 419 431 422 S dn(nghn ngi) 77630 83110 85170 - Sn lng la tng nhanh, t nm 2000-2007 tng 3412nghn tn gp 1,1ln. SL la tng, tng lien tc, 1 phn ch yu l do tng nng sut.p dng khoa hc k thut,cng ngh hin i.... -Nsut la tng kh nhanh, t nm 2000(42t/ha)2007(50t/ha) tng c 8t/ha gp 1,2ln. -Dn s tng 1,1 ln -Bnh qun la theo u ngi tng :nm 2000l 419 kg/ngi n nm 2007 l 422kg/ngi,tng 3,0kg/ng ,tng ko lin tc. -Nng xut la tng nhanh do sn lng tng nhanh,Dt gim. b/Phn b cy la;- BSCLl vng SX la ln nht,chim trn 50% DTv trn 50% sn lng la.Bnh qun lng thc / ngi > 1000 kg/ngi/nm.BSH:vng SXla th 2 c nc,chim 20% sn lng la, c nng sut la cao nht nc. -Nhng tnh c DTtrng la so vi DTtrng cy lng thc trn 90%: Tt c cc tnh BSCL, mt s tnh BSH (Bc Ninh,HDng,Hng Yn,HPhng,H Nam,Nam nh)& NB(Ty Ninh,TPH CM -Cc tnh trng im la (c DTv sn lng la ln)phn ln tp trung BSCL(K tn atlt) 2.Nguyn nhn-DTtrng la tng (tp trung ch yu BSCL)do khai hoang m rng DT.Tng v.Pht trin thy li nn nhiu DT trc kia thiu nc ti n nay c nc ti.-u t v khoa hc-KT&cng ngh cho vic SXla(thy li,phn bn,my mc, dch v cy trng c bit l vic a cc ging mi vo trng i tr ph hp vi cc vng sinh thi khc nhau.-CSVC-CSHT:H thng thu li,CN ch bin SX phn bn pt.-ng li,c/sch khuyn nng ca nh nc c bit l ch/sch khon10 v lut mi c ban hnh.-Th trng (trong nc v xut khu). *Kh khn -Kt nhin:thin tai(bo, lt,..., su bnh,)c nh hng xu nSX, dn SLla khng n nh.-iu kin kinh t x hi:+ Thiu vn, phn bn, thuc tr su.+ Cng ngh sau thu hoch cn nhiu hn ch. + Th trng xut khu lun bin ng.

Cu 37: Da vo Atlt a l Vit Nam v kin thc hc 1-Trnh by hin trng pht trin ngnh chn nui nc ta. (Atlt trang 19) 2-Xu hng mi trong ngnh ch.nui hin nay v nhng iu kin thc y chn nui pht trin . 1.Hin trng pht trin ngnh chn nui a-Tnh hnh pht trin chn nui. * Gi tr sn xut ngnh chn nui nc ta giai on 2000 2007 (t ng) Nm 2000 2005 2007 Gi tr sn lng 12914 183342 236935 0 - Trong vng 7 nm (2000-2007) + Gi tr sn xut ca ngnh chn nui ca nc ta tng c107795 t ng (gp 1,8 ln),tng lin tc, trong giai on 2005-2007 tng nhanh hn so vi giai on 2000-2005) + Tc tng trng cha cao *Gi tr SX ngnh cnui trong tng gi tr SX ngnh trngtrt:19,3%(2000);24,7%(2005);24,4%(2007) * C cu ngnh chn nui C cu gi tr sn xut ngnh chn nui nc ta giai on 1990-2000 (n v %) Nm 2000 2005 2007 Gia sc 66 71 72 Gia cm 18 14 13 Sn phm khng qua git m 16 15 15 - Chn nui gia sc chim t trng ln nht trong c cu gi tr sn lng chn nui. - C cu c s thay i nhng chm. + T trng ngnh chn nui gia sc tng 6%. + T trng ngnh chn nui gia cm gim 5%. + T trng ngnh chn nui khng qua git m gim 1%. b.Tnh hnh phn b -n tru:Tp trung TD min ni Bc b (c bit ng bc).Cc tnh c n tru ln Ngh An,Thanh Ho,Cao Bng,Lng Sn,sn La.. -n b:Tp trung duyn hi min trung v Ty Nguyn.Cc tnh Ngh An,Thanh Ho,Gia Lai,QNam,QNgi,Bnh nh.. -Ln:Phn b khp ni, tp trung nhiu nht ng bng sng Hng. gn y pht trin mnh trung du min ni Bc b. Ngoi ra cn BTB, B SCL v thng pb vng chuyn canh cy lng thc - n g: BSH, BTB. -Vt: BSCL. c.Kh khn: - Hnh thc chn nui theo hnh thc qung canh. - Ging gia sc, gia cm ni chung: nng sut thp, cht lng cha cao. - C s thc n gia sc cha m bo. - CN ch bin thc n gia sc, dch v th y cn hn ch. - Hiu qu kinh t ca chn nui cn thp. 2.Xu hng mi trong ngnh chn nui hin nay v K thc y cho ngnh chn nui pt. - Xu hng mi trong ngnh chn nui hin nay. +Ngnhch.nui ang tin mnh ln ngnh SX hng ha,c.nui trang tri theo hnh thc cnghip . +Cc sn phm khng qua git tht chim t trng ngy cng cao trong gi tr SXngnh chn nui. - Nhng iu kin thc y ngnh chn nui pht trin l: +C s thc n cho chn nui c m bo tt hn nhiu(hoa mu,ng c,ph phm ngnh thu sn,thc n chn nui). + Dch v v ging, th y c nhiu tin b v pht trin rng khp.

Cu 34: Tnh hnh pht trin cy CN nc ta.Nhng nhn t nh hng n pht trin cy CN 1.Tnh hnh pht trin cy CN nc ta Nm 2000 2005 2007 Cy CN hng nm 778 861 846 Cy CN lu nm 1451 1633 1821 Tng s 2229 2494 2667 a.Din tch: Din tch cy cng nghip nc ta giai on 2000-2007 (n v nghn ha) Nhn xt:-Tng DTcy CN nc ta tng nhanh 2000-2007 tng 438 nghn ha (1,2ln), tng lin tc. -Cy CN lu nm tng 370 nghnha(1,3 ln), tng khng lin tc -Cy CN hng nm tng 68nghn ha (1,1 ln),tng lin tc Din tch cy CN lu nm tng nhanh hn cy CN hang nm. b.C cu C cu din tch cy CN nc ta thi k 2000- 2007 (n v %) C cu DTcy CN:cy CN lu nm chim u th Nm 2000 2005 2007 (lun chim >65% tr ln)v ang c xu hng tng Cy CN hng nm 34,9 34,5 31,7 dn t trng 2000(65,1%.) n2007(68,3%)tng Cy CN lu nm 65,1 65,5 68,3 Tng s 100,0 100,0 100,0 3,2%,tng lin tc -DT cy CN hng nm chim t trng thp hn,ang c xu hng gim2000 (34,9%) 2007(31,7%),gim 3,2% ,gim lin tc. *Gii thch;Do m rng DT nhanh nhiu loi cy CN lu nm c gi tr kinh t cao, nhu cu th trng ln (C ph, cao su, h tiu,..)Nh nc c chnh sch y mnh pt cy CN lu nm 2.Nhng nhn t nh hng n s pht cy CN nc ta. - iu kin t nhin thun li (nhiu loi t thch hp vi nhiu loi cy CN, KH nhit i m gi ma,nng m ma nhiu, thch hp pt cyCN c gi tr kinh t cao).-C ngun lao ng di do& c kinh nghim trng cy CN.-Vic m bo lng thc gip cho DT trng cy CN c n nh.-Nh nc c chsch y mnh pht trin cy CN c bit cy CN lu nm. (Khuyn khch pht trin m hnh k t trang tri)-Pht trin cnghip ch bin,nng cao kh nng cnh tranh trn th trng x khu.Th trng:y mnh xkhu sn phm cyCN,nht l cy c gi tr xk cao. Cu 35:Vic y mnh SX cy CN v cy n qu gp phn pht huy th mnh ca nn n/nghipN. a.Nc ta c nhiu iu kin thun li pht trin cy CN v cy n qu - t : nhiu loi t thch hp vi nhiu loi cy CN (t Fe ra lt, ph sa,..) - Kh hu ni m gi ma vi lng nhit cao, n ln.-Ngun lao ng di do, c kinh nghim. - Mng li CN ch bin ngy cng pht trin.-Nhu cu th trng ln (c bit th trng th gii) - Chnh sch ca nh nc : u t pht trin cy CN. b.Vic pht trin cy CN v cy n qu em li nhiu ngha to ln. - S dng hp l ti nguyn: t nc,kh hu..-S dng hp l ngun lao ng NN, a dng ho NN, gp phn gii quyt VL.phn b li Dc v L trn phm vi c nc.-Cung cp nguyn liu cho CN ch bin.-Cung cp cc mt hng cho x khu: c ph, iu , h tiu,..-Thc y s pht trin KT-XH nhng vng cn nhiu kh khn.Vic y mnh SX cy CN v cy n qu gp phn pht huy th mnh ca nng nghip ni nc ta. Cu36 .Nu s phn b cy cng nghipv gii thch s phn b cy c ph,cao su,ch. -C ph: Ty Nguyn, NB, duyn hi NTB. -Cao su: NB, Tguyn, DHMT.-Ch : Trung du min ni Bc b, TN.-H tiu : NB, TN, DHNMT.-Da : BSCL, DHMT.-iu : NB, TN, DHNTB. *Gii thch s phn b cy ch,c ph,cao su.-Ch cy c ngun gc cn nhit, n i, a m tp trung TDMNBB (ni c ma ng lnh nht nc ta) v cc cao nguyn ln TNgyun.

-C ph ; a nng, thch hp vi t ba dan, khng chu sng mui. -Cao su : a nng, thch hp vi t badan v t xm v khng chu c gi mnh.
3VN PHT TRIN THU SN V LM NGHIP.

Cu 38Tnh hnh pht trin, phn b ngnh thy sn Nhng nhn t nh hng n s pht trin 1.Tnh hnh pht trin v phn b ngnh thu sn.Dng Atlat trang 20 khai thc biu ct. Bng sn lng v c cu sn lng thy sn ca nc ta Thi k 2000 2007 2000 2005 2007 Nm nghn tn % nghn tn % nghn tn % Nui trng 589,6 36,2 1487,0 42,8 2123,3 50,6 nh bt 1660,9 73,8 1987,9 57,2 2074,5 49,4 Tng s 2250,5 100,0 3474,9 100 4197,8 100,0 a. Tnh hnh pht trin -Tng sn lng thy sn tng nhanh,so nm2000 th nm2007 tng 1945,3 nghn tn,gp 1,9 ln. +Tsn nh bt tng 413,6nghn tn,tng1,3 ln. +Tsn nui trng tng 1533,7nghn tn,tng3,6ln. + Tc tng thy sn nui trng cao hn nh bt 2,3ln. b.C cu-Thy sn nh bt chim t trng ln nm2000(73,8%),ang c xu hng gim,2007(49,4%) gim24,4% -Thy sn nui trng chim t trng nh2000(36,2%) ang c xu hng tng 2007(50,6%)tng 24,4%. c.Phn b:- nh bt c bin tp trung cc tnh pha Nam (DHNTB, NB, BSCL). Cc tnh c s lng c ln: Kin Giang (315157tn), C Mau, B Ra220322 tn, Vng Tu, Bnh Thun. - T/sn nui trng tp trung cc tnh BSCL.Cc tnh c s lng ln l An Giang, C Mau, Bn Tre, Tin Giang, Tr Vinh, 2.Nhng nhn t nh hng n s pht trin ngnh thy sn nc ta. - ng b bin di (3260 km) DTrng ( trn 1 triu km2).-Tr lng kh ln,p/ph v s lng loi, nhiu loi c gi tr kt.-4 ng trng trng im (HP-QNinh;Hong Sa-Trng Sa;Ninh Thun-Bnh Thun-B Ra Vng Tu;Minh Hi-Kin Giang).Dc b bin c hng trm bi tm bi c-DT mt nc nui trng ln (k tn) nui thy sn nc ngt, nc l v nc mn.-Dn ng, c truyn thng nh bt, n trng&ch bin tsn.-C s vt cht c ch trng i tu nh c, cng c, dch v thy sn,c s ch bin.-Th trng trong&ngoi nc c nhu cu ln.-Cc nhn t khc (chnh sch, u t) Cu 39:Hin trng pht trin trng rng v cc vn ptrin vn rng nc ta hin nay. 1.Vai tr:- Nc ta din tch i ni .+Vng rng ngp mn rng c ngha kinh t m cn c vai tr c bit quan trng bo v mi trng sinh thi. 2.Hin trng - Ti nguyn nc ta vn giu c nhng ang b suy thoi + Din tch rng +Cht lng rng: Mc d tng din tch rng Nm Tng din tch T l che ph% ang dn phc hi nhng cht lng rng vn rng (triu ha) gim (v c 70% din tch rng l rng ngho v 1943 14,3 43,8 rng mi phc hi). 2005 12,4 37,7 Phn loi rng: + Rng phng h: ( 7 triu ha) c ngha quan trng i vi mi sinh. Rng u ngun: iu ha nc sng, chng l lt, xi mn.Rng ven bin: Chn ct bay, chn sng. + Rng c dng: Gm cc rng quc gia (k tn: Cc Phng,) cc khu d tr sinh quyn (Ct B, Ct Tin, Cn Gi,) + Rng sn xut phc v nhu cu sn xut. 3.Cc vn pht trin vn rng nc ta. - Ngnh trng rng:C nc c khong 2,5 triu ha rng trng tp trung ch yu lm nguyn liu giy, lm g tr m, thng nha.-Khai thc, ch bin g v lm sn:+ mi nm khai thc: 2,5 triu m3

g, 120 triu cy tre lung v 100 triu cy na.+Cc sn phm g quan trng ; g trn, g x, vn sn, g,+C nc c trn 400 nh my ca, x g v CN bt giy c pht trin :nh my giy Bi Bng (Ph Th), Tn Mai (ng Nai),
4.T CHC LNH TH NNG NGHIP(TCLT)

Cc nhn t tc ng ti t chc lnh th NN nc ta:T nhin,KT-XH,k thut,lch s. - S tc ng tng hp ca nhiu nhn t ln cc hot ng NN trn cc vng lnh th khc nhau l c s cho TCLT nng nghip. -S phn ho cc KTN v ti nguyn thin nhin to nn chung cho s p/ho LTh NN:kh hu, hnh..cn cc nhn t KTXH,k thut,lch s lm phong ph thm& lmbini s phn ha . *Cc vng NN nc ta:Nc ta hin nay c 7 vng nng nghip v CN ch bin (Mi vng u c nhng c im ring v iu kin sinh thi nng nghip, KTXH, trnh thm canh v hng CMH) *Xu hng thay i trong TCLTNN nc ta: -TCLTNN trong nhng nm qua thay i theo 2 hng chnh: +Tng cng CMH sn xut ,pt cc vng chuyn canh quy m ln. +y mnh a dng ha NN, a dng ho nthn. - Kinh t trang tri ngy cng pht trin v thc y sn xut N-L-TSn theo hng hng ha Cu 40: Hy tm s khc nhau trong CMH nng nghip gia - TDMNBB vi Ty Nguyn; BSH v BSCL. -Gii thch nguyn nhn ca s khc nhau . 1. S khc bit gia CMH ca TDMNBB vi TNguyn - Ty nguyn ch yu trng cy CN lu nm ca vng cn nhit i (c ph, cao su, h tiu) ngoi ra cn trng ch l cy cn nhit cao nguyn Lm ng. Chn nui b tht v b sa l ch yu. - TDMNBB: ch yu trng cy CN c ngun gc n i ,cn nhit (ch, tru, s, hi, qu,) Cc cy CN ngn ngy: u tng, lc, thuc l, cy dc liu, cy n qu,Chn nui tru, b, (tru nhiu hn) ly tht, ly sa v ln. - Ngoi ra cn khc bit v qui m: Mc d u trng ch nhng DTch TDMNBB ln hn.Ch.nui TDMNBB cng pht trin hn. 2.S khc bit CMH gia BSH v BSCL - BSH c u th v tp on cy c ngun gc cn nhit n i, c bit l rau (c chua, su ho, bp ci), chn nui ln, gia cm. - BSCL ch yu cy nhit i,chim u th v chn nui thy sn nc mn, l, ngt, chn nui vt, -Cng l trng la v nui trng th.sn nhng qui m sxut BSCL ln hn rt nhiu s vi BSH. 3.Nguyn nhn: Do s khc bit v iu kin sinh thi nng nghip, iu kin t trng, ngun nc v c bit l s phn ha ca yu t kh hu. Cu 41: Ti sao vic pht trin cc vng chuyn canh nng nghip kt hp vi CN ch bin li c ngha quan trng i vi t chc lnh th nng nghip v s pht trin KTXH 1.Vic pht trin cc vng chuyn canh nng nghip khai thc cc li th ca nc ta v. - KTN: c nhiu loi t kh hu thun li v phn ha a dng. - KKT-XH: ngun lao ng di do, th trng rng ln, nhiu ch trng ng n ca nh nc. 2. Vic pht trin vng chuyn canh kt hp vi CN ch bin c ngha to ln. - Gn vng chuyn canh vi CN ch bin, nhm a CNghip phc v c lc cho nng nghip tng bc CN ha nng nghip, a nng thn xch li gn thnh th. - Gim chi ph vn chuyn, thi gian vn chuyn nng cao cht lng nguyn liu nng cao cht lng sn phm tng gi tr nng sn, tng thu nhp ngi nng dn. - Thu ht lao ng, to thm nhiu vic lm mi. -Thc hin chin lc nng-Cnghip kt hp,trong SX nng nghip vi mc ch chnh l cung cp ngliu cho CN ch bin, cn CN ch bin l th trng tiu th ti ch, kch thch nng nghip pht tri

3.Ti sao kinh t trang tri li rt pt BSCL: -Tim nng DT t rng ln,DT mt nc cn nhiu. -iu kin kh hu thun li. Ngi dn c kinh nghim vic trong sn xut hang ha.
C CU CNG NGHIP

Cu 42: CMR c cu ngnh CN nc ta kh a dng v ang c s chuyn dch r rt. Nguyn nhn dn n s chuyn dch .Hng hon thin c cu ngnh CN. a.CMR- c cu ngnh a dng: Theo cch phn loi hin nay, nc ta c ti 29 ngnh CN c chia lm 3 nhm.+NhmCN khai thc(4 ngnh):KTthan;k.thcdu-kh;k.thc qung kim loi,k.thc v m khc.+ Nhm CN ch bin(23 ngnh)tiu biu l SXthc phm v ung, dt; sn xut da; giy + Nhm CN sn xut phn phi in, kh t; nc (2 ngnh) -C cu ngnh ca CN nc ta c s chuyn dch r rt. l s tng t trng nhm ngnh CN ch bin gim t trng 2 nhm kia.?(s liu trong t lt trang21) b.Nguyn nhn dn n s chuyn dch : -Kt qu ca cng cuc i mi. -nh hng ca cuc CMKH-KT th gii. -ng li pht trin CN, c bit l ng li CNH-HH trong giai on hin nay. -Chu s tc ng ca nhn t th trng,ca cc ngun lc (bao gm c ngun lc t nhin v KT-XH) -Ph hp vi xu hng chung ca ton th gii c.Hng hon thin c cu ngnh CN. -Xy dng c cu CN kh linh hot. -Tp trung pt mt s ngnh CN quan trng: +Ch bin N-L-Tsn. +SX hng tiu dng. +Khai thc v ch bin du kh. +in lc. -u t theo chiu su,i mi trang thit b v cnh ngh. Cu 43 :Chng minh rng ngnh cnghip nc ta c s phn ha v mt lnh th.Ti sao? a)Cng nghip nc ta c s phn ha v mt lnh th(s dng t lt trang 21) Nhng khu vc c mc trung tm cao l : + ng bng sng Hng v ph cn - Mc trung tm cng nghip cao nht c nc trong c nhiu trung tm quan trng nh H Ni, Hi Phng, Thi Nguyn, Vit Tr, (Xc nh quy m Atlat) -T trung tm HN hot ng CN to i 6 hng theo cc tuyn Gthng huyt mch vi hng chuyn mn ho khc nhau *)HN-Hng Yn-HDng-HP-Cm Ph: C kh,vt liu xy dng,khai thc than. *)HN-p Cu-Bc Giang:VL xy dng,phn ho hc.*)HN-ng Anh-Thi Nguyn:C kh,luyn kim.*)HN-Vit Tr-Lm Thao:Ho cht,giy.*)HN-Ho Bnh-Sn La:Thu in.*)HN-Nam nh-Ninh Bnh-Thanh Ho:Dt may,nhit in,VL xy dng. + Nam B ch yu l NB v BSCL,hnh thnh 1 di cng nghip trong ni ln cc trung tm cng nghip hng u ca nc ta l : Thnh ph H Ch Minh, Bin Ha, Vng Tu vi hng cng nghip ha a dng, c bit c mt vi ngnh cng nghip non tr nhng pht trin mnh. Khu vc c mc tp trung va l duyn hi min Trung vi mt s trung tm cng nghip dc ven bin nh Nng, Vinh, Quy Nhn, Nha Trang. Nhng khu vc CN c mc tp trung cng nghip thp nh Ty Bc, Ty Nguyn ch c mt vi im cng nghip. Cc trung tm CN ln(k tn). b)Nguyn nhn ca s phn ha -S phn ho LTCN l kt qu tc ng ca nhiu nhn t bn trong v bn ngoi.+V tr a l thun li+Ti nguyn thin nghin phong ph c bit ti nguyn khong sn.+Ngun lao ng ng v c tay ngh cao.+Th trng tiu th rng ln.+Kt cu h tng tt (c bit giao thng vn ti, TTLL,kh nng cung cp in, nc,) -Khu vc tp trung hot ng CN vi mc cao thng gn lin vi s c mt ca cc nhn t trn.

- Ngc li nhng khu vc hot ng cng nghip cha pht trin th thiu ng b cc nhn t trn, c bit l giao thng vn ti kh khn. c/Khi nim nghnh CN trng im:l cc ngnh c th mnh lu di,mng li hiu qu cao v KTXH v c tc ng mnh m n s pht trin cc ngnh KT khc.
2/VN PHT TRIN MT S NGNH CN TRNG IM

1.CN nng lng gm 2 phn ngnh khai thc nguyn,nhin liuv CN in lc -CN k.thc ngnhin liu gmCN kthc than; kthc du kh.yl 2ngnh da trn th mnh v ngun ti nguyn ph.ph,s phnb gn lin vi khu vc p b tinguyn.L ngnh ptrin mnh gn y -CNin lc ch yu gm nhitin;thu in.Trc y tin chim t trng cao(70% gi tr sn lng in, t 2005 n nay,Nin li chim t trng ch yu(70%)-CN cbin N-L-TSgm:Cn cbin LTTP v Cn ch bin g,lm sn.Cn cbin LTTP, gm Cn cbin SP trngtrt,Cn ch bin SP chn nui,Cn cbin thu hi sn+L ngnh chim t trng caonht trong ccu Cn,c cu ngnh adng(do c ngun ngliu ph.ph v th trng tiu th rng)+Cn c/bin Sp trng trt ch yu Cn xay xt,Cn ng ma,Cn cbin ch,c ph,thuc l,thng phn b i lin vi vng Sx ngliu.Cn ru bia gn vi th trng tiu th +Cn cbin Sp chn nui cha ptrin mnh do ngnh cnui cn chm pht trin thng phn b i lin vi cc vng chn nui ln hoc ngoi cc thnh ph ln+Cn ch bin thu hi sn:nhiu k ptrin (nc mm,ng lnh).Tp trung ptrin DHMT v BSCL Cu4 4 :Ti sao CN nng lng l ngnh Cn trng im ca nc ta.?V: 1.L ngnh c th mnh lu di-C s ngun nhin liu phong ph v vng chc.+Than:tr lng ln,than antraxit.Tp trung ch yu Qung Ninh tr lng 3t tn.Ngoi ra cn c than nu(Lng Sn,BSH,NghAn),than bn(C Mau,U Minh),than m(Thi Nguyn)+Du-kh:Tr lng ln,vi t tn du,hng trm t tn kh.Tp trung thm lc a pha nam+Thy nng:tim nng ln (30 triu kw)tp trung nhiu h thng sHng v ng Nai.-Th trng tiu th rng ln+Phc v cho tt c cc ngnh kt+Nhu cu ngy cng tng ca i sng 2. Mang li hiu qu cao-K.t:phv qu trnhCNHHH,y mnh tc pt ca ccngnh kt.Gi tr xk duth2005(7,4 tUSD-XH:nng cao/sng nhdn nht l ng bo vng su,xa.-Mi trng:gim thiu nhim mi trng3.Tc ng n cc ngnh k/t khc:Tc ng mnh m,ton din n cc ngnh vcc mt:quy m,kthut,cht lng sn p Cu45 K tn cc nh my thu in.Nhn xt s phn b CN nng lng v gii thch. a-Xc nh cc nh my thy in ln ca nc ta (Ha Bnh, Thc B ,Yali, Tr An, Hm Thunami ang xy dng nh my thy in Sn La).Tn nh my .Cng sut.Trn sng(t lt/22) b.Nhn xt v s phn b ngnh cng nghip nng lng v gii thch. -CN n lng(bao gm CN khai thc nhin liu v in lc)phn b kh rng ri trong c nc song tp trung nht vng TDMNBB, NB,ngc li BTB cha pht trin.-S phn b tng ngnh trong CN nlng c c im ring:+CN nin ch yu phn b vng giu k/sn than v dkh nhTDMNB(gn lin vi than),NB(gn lin vi du kh),hoc nhng vng tiu th ln. + CN thu in phn b dc theo cc h thng sng c tim nng thu in ln nh S. ( thu in Ho Bnh, Sn La ), S.Xxan(thu in Yaly, Xxan 3,4 ),S.ng Nai(Tr AnHm Thuna Mi ) Nh vy cc nh my thu in tp trung ch yu 3 vng TDMNBB, TNguyn v NB + CN khai thc than tp trung ch yu Qung Ninh.+ CN khai thc du kh tp trung ch yu NB - C mi quan h trong s p/b cc c s khai thc nhin liu vi cc c s sn xut in nng. Cu 46: a. Ngnh CN ch bin LTTP( c s nguyn liu, tnh hnh SX& phn b ) b.V sao CN ch bin LTTP l ngnh CN trng im ca c nc ta hin nay. a.Phn tch- C s nguyn liu+Cho ch bin sn phm trng trt:t ngnh trng cyLthc,Cnghip ph ph v c ngun nguyn liu ngoi nhp+Cho c/bin sn phm chn nui t ngnh c/nui: tht ,sa ,da ,lng, trng+Cho ch bin thy,hi sn vi ngun nguyn liu t nh bt v nui trng t/sn:c,..

-Tnh hnh sn xut:Ch bin SP trng trt ng u c ncv sn lng v gi tr tip n l ch bin thy,hi sn.Cng nghip ch bin sn phm t chn nui cn cha pht trin mnh. - V phn b+Ch bin s/phm trng trt phn b rng khp c nc gn lin vi ngun nguyn liu ti ch phong ph.Ngoi ra cn phn b cc thi cc thnh ph ln.+C/bin sn phm c/nui phn b cc vng c/ nui quy m ln nh BaV,Mc Chu,c Trng v ngoi thnh cc thnh ph ln +Ch bin thy,hi sn phn b dc ven bin tp trung nht l DHMT v BSCL b.V sao CN ch bin LTTP l ngnh CN trng im *C th mnh lu di :+Ngun nguyn liu phong ph ti ch t ngnh trng trt ,chn nui,thy sn.+Thi trng tiu th rng ln trong v ngoi nc v ngy cng pht trin+CSVCKT :kh pht trin vi cc nh my,x nghip c/bin*em lai hiu qu cao:+V kinh t:Thu hi vn nhanh v hin chim t trng ln trong c cu cc ngnh CN c nc. ng gp nhiu mt hng XK c ch lc,em lai ngun thu ngoi t quan trng+V XH:Gii quyt vic lm,nng cao i sng nhn dn,to iu kin CN ha-hin i ho t nc*C tc ng mnh m n cc ngnh k/t khc:+Thc y s hnh thnh vng chuyn canh cyCN c bit cy CN lu nm mni(bo v mt)+y mnh s pht trin cc ngnh CN sn sut hng tiu dng, Cu 47 Th no l t chc lnh th CN.K tn cc hnh thc t chc lnh th Cn chnh hin nay nc ta.Gii thch ti sao cc khu cng nghip li phn b ch yu MB, BSH v DHMT. a/T chc lnh thCN l s sp xp,phi hp gia cc qu trnh v c s s/xut CN trn mt lnh th nht nh v s dng hp l cc ngun lc sn c nhm t hiu qu cao v ccmt KT-XH,mi trng. b/Cc hnh thc TCLTCN chnh hin nay nc ta l:im CN,khu CN,trung tm CN,vng CN. c/ Gii thch:Cc khu CN li phn b ch yu ng Nam B, BSH v DHMT v:+y l nhng khu vc c v tr a l thun li cho pht trin sn xut, cho vic xut v nhp hng ha, my mc, thit b+C kt cu h tng tt,c bit v GTVT, TTLL, kh nng cung cp in nc.+C ngun Lng o vi cht lng cao.+C th trng tiu th rng ln c trong v ngoi nc.+Cc ngnh kinht pht trin trnh cao hn so vi cc vng khc.+ y c 3 vng kinh t trng im Bc,Trung, Nam. + Cc ng/ nhn khc:C ch qun l nng ng, nhiu i mi, s c mt ca mt s loi ti nguyn. Cu 48: So snh cc hnh thc t chc lnh th a/CNim CN:-Khi nim-L hnh thc TCLTCN n gin nht.-Quy m nh, ch mt vi x nghip -c im+Gm cc x nghip phn b l t,phn tn.+ng nht vi mt im dn c.+ Nm gn khu nguyn liu-nhin liu CN, hoc vng nguyn liu nng sn..Khng c mi lin h gia cc x nghip. b/Khu CN:-Khi nim-L hnh thc TCLTCN cao hn im CN .-Quy m kh ln t 50ha tr ln n vi trm ha.-c im+C ranh gii a l xc nh.+V tr a l thun li.+Chuyn sn xut CN v thc hin cc dch v h tr sn xut CN.+Khng c dn c sinh sngCc khu CN c kh nng hp tc cao,c u i v s dng t v thu.Nhiu nht NB,BSH,DHMT c/Trung tm CN-Khi nim L hnh thc TCLTCN trnh cao gn vi th va v ln.-Quy m n ln hn khu CN.Bao gm cc im CN, nhiu x nghipCN,cc khu CN,-c im+ Gn vi thi va v ln+C vi tr a l thun li.+C cc x nghip ht nhn.+C cc x nghip ph tr v h tr. cc khu CN, im CN v nhiu x nghip CN c mi quan h cht ch v sn xut v k thut.,,,, d/Vng cng nghip:-L hnh thc TCLTCNcao nht-Gm nhiu x nghipCN,khuCN,trung tm CNc mi quan h cht ch v mt SX,cng ngh-Gm nhiu tnh thnh ph-C mt s ngnh chuyn mnho:nc ta c 6 vng cng nghip-1.MN-TDBc B(trQung Ninh); 2.BSHv QNinh,Thanh Ho,Ngh An,H Tnh;3. t Qung Bnh Ninh Thun;4.Ty Nguyn (tr Lm ng); 5.ng Nam B v Bnh Thun, Lm ng; 6.ng bng sng Cu Long). Cu 49: Gii thch ti sao thnh ph HCMv HN l hai trung tm CN ln nht nc ta. Thnh ph HCM v HN tr thnh TT CN ln nht nc ta v 2 thnh ph ny hi t rt nhiu iu kin thun li cho s pht trin CN:1-C VTDL thun li- Nm trung tm BSH, trung tm ca vng kinh t trng im pha B,-Nm gn bin v nm trong tam gic tng trng KT pha bc.2Ngun nguynliuphong ph-Nm gn nhng vng giu tng:K/s,lm sn,thy in,thy in, vng

chuyn canhcy CN ln-Ti nguyn ti ch :nghnh trng trt,cnui,thu sn,..3-Dn c:L 2 thnh ph c s dn ng nht: Nm 2006 s dn ca HN l 3,2 triu ngi, TPHCM l 6,1 triu ng. Cht lng ngun Ldn u c nc,c bit l TPHCM.4-CSHT-CSVCKT tt nht v hon thin nht c nc.y cng l 2 u mi gtvt lnnht nc 5-L 2 vng thu ht mnh ngun vn u t t bn ngoi, phn thnh nht c nc6-Cc nguyn nhn #. C nhiu chsch nng ng trong pht trin kt. i vi H Ni th y cn l th nc ta. 1/VN PHT TRIN GTVT V THNG TIN LIN LC Cu 50 Trnh by thc trng c s vt cht ngnh GTVT ng b v ng st nc ta.c im ca ngnh bu chnh v ngnh vin thng ca nc ta. a/.Thc trng * ng b (ng t) - Mng ling b trong nhngnm gn y c m rng v HH,v c bn ph kn cc vng.-ang hi nhp vo h thng ng b trong khu vc:vi cc tuyn thuc mng li ng b xuyn trn lnh th VNam.- Hai trc ng b xuyn quc gia l quc l 1 v ng H Ch Minh +Quc l 1 chy sut t Lng Sn n C Mau di 2300km, .Quc l 1 l tuyn ng quan trng nht nc ta v: l tuyn ng sng sng ca h thng ng b nc ta. Ni lin 6 vng kinh t (tr Ty Nguyn) v hu ht cc trung tm kinh t ln ca c nc. - +ng HCM l trc ng b xuyn quc gia th 2,gp phn thc y s pt KT-XH ca di t pha Ty ca t nc.-Mt s tuyn ng quan trng hng Bc-Nam:quc l 1, ng H Ch Minh..(k trong t lt) i t u n u?-Mt s tuyn ng quan trng hng ngTy :5,6, 7,8,9s hi nhp vo h thng ng b trong khu vc.(k trong t lt)i t u n u? * ng st: - Tng chiu di ng st nc ta l 3143 km, tuyn ng st quan trng nht l tuyn ng st Thng Nht di 1726km v chy theo hng B-N.Ni lin HN_TPHCM- Cc tuyn ng khc l+:H Ni Hi Phng(ni HN vi hi cng quan trng nht pha Bc)+H Ni - Lo Cai;H Ni - ng ng,H Ni Thi Nguyn:c ni lin vi mng li ng st ca Trung Quc to nn mng li ng st quc t ,ngy cng c ngha quan trng trong giao lu KT-XH gia 2 nc. +Lu X Kp Ung B- Bi Chy-Cc tuyn ng thuc mng li ng st xuyn trn lnh th VN ang c XD,nng cp tt tiu chun ng st ASEAN. * ng bin: -Cc tuyn ng bin ven b theo hng Bc Nam, quan trng nht l tuyn ng Hi Phng TP.H Ch Minh: 1500 km -Cc cng bin, cm cng quan trng: Ci Ln, Hi Phng, Nng Lin Chiu Chn My, Si Gn Vng Tu - Th Vi. *ng hng khng: -Nm 2007 c 19 sn bay trong c 5 sn bay quc t. -Cc tuyn bay trong nc khai thc trn 3 u mi ch yu: H Ni, TP. H Ch Minh v Nng. Ngoi ra chng ta m nhiu tuyn ng bay i khu vc v nhiu nc trn th gii. b. c im ni bt ca ngnh bu chnh v ngnh vin thng Vit Nam - c im ca ngnh bu chnh + C tnh phc v cao,mng li rng khp + Cng ngh nhn chung cn lc hu,thiu lao ng c trnh cao + Giai on ti s trin khai thm cc hot ng mang tnh kinh doanh, ng thi p dng KHKT y nhanh tin pht trin - c im ca ngnh vin thng + Ngnh c xut pht im rt thp nhng pht trin vi tc nhanh vt bc

+ Lun n u cc thnh tu k thut hin i + Mng li vin thng nc ta tng a dng( mng in thoi,mang phi thoi,mng truyn dn) v pht trin rng khp trn ton quc.

IIIVN PHT TRIN THNG MI V DCH V

Cu 51:CMR hot ng xut,nhp khu ca nc ta ang c nhng chuyn bin tch cc,.. -Tng gi tr XN khu tng nhanh.Trc y hot ng XNkhu ca nc ta c quy m nh b nhng hin nay tng ln rt nhanh(s liu atlt)nm 2000,2007..-Kim ngch XK& NK u tng, trong : +Kim ngch XK lin tc tng,c phn nhanh hn NK(sliu)+Kim ngch NK tng ln kh nhanh.phn nh s phc hi&pt ca SX,nhu cu tiu dng cng nh p ng nhu cu SX hng Xkh. -Cn cn XNK c s thay i.Trc y, chng ta nhp siu l do kinh t cn nhiu yu km.Hin nay, nhp siu ch yu l nhp khu my mc thit b CNH, hin i ha v do cc nh u t nc ngoi u t vo nc ta-C cu mt hng XNK c s thay i+ V c cu mt hng XK:tn cc mt hng ,s liu th,trng(tlt).gim t trng ca nhm hngN-L-TSn.Tng t trng nhm hng c.nghip nng&ksn,hng CN nh&tiu th CN +V c cu mt hng NK:tn cc mt hng ,s liu,th trng(tlt).tng t trng ca nhm hng TLSX,gim t trng nhm hng tiu dng-Th trng XNK ngy cng c m rng, ngoi th trng truyn thng trc y, hin nay hnh thnh nhng th trng trng im nh chu ,Ty u, Bc M,cc bn hng ln ca nc ta hin nay ca nc ta l TrQuc, NBn, Hoa K.-C ch c sch cng c nhiu thay i theo hng m rng quyn XNK cho cc ngnh,cc a phng,tng cng s qun l thng nht ca nh nc bng php lut*Hn ch:-Tnh trng nhp siu ko di.+Hng xk:vn ch yu hng gia cng &phi nhp ngliu .t trng hng ch bin&tinh ch tng chm.+Cc mt hng NK vn ch yu l ngliu&t liu SX

Cu 52: CMR ti nguyn du lch cu nc ta tng i phong ph v a dng.K tn cc trung tm du lch quc gia nc ta.(S dng t lt trang25)*Khi nim:l cnh quan thin nhin,di tch ,di tch Cmng,cc gi tr nhn vn,cng trnhL sng to ca con ngi c th c s dng nhm tho mn nhu cu Dlch,l yu t c bn hnh thnh cc im du lch,khu DL nhm to ra s hp dn DL a/ Ti nguyn DLt nhin ca nc ta tng i pph v a dng-V mt Hnh bao gm B, i ni&hi o to nn nhiu cnh quan p.C nc c trn 200 hang ng Caxt,tiu biu l Vnh H Long,Phong Nha-KBng&H Long Cn Ninh Bnh.-Kh hu N m gi ma,phn ha a dng to thun li trong thu ht du khch.-Ti nguyn nc a dng, tiu biu l cc h thng sng cc h t nhin h nhn to.Nc ta cn c vi trm ngun nc khong thin nhin c sc ht cao i vi du khch.-Ti nguyn svt p.ph vi trn 30 vn qucgia v hng trm loi V hoang d,thy hi sn. b/Ti nguyn du lch nhn vn ca nc ta rt phong ph gn lin vi lch s hng ngn nm dng nc v gi nc.- Cc di tch vn ha lch s: c nc c khong 4 vn di tch cc loi, trong c 2,6 ngn di tch c xp hng, tiu biu l C Hu, ph c Hi An, di tch M Sn cng vi khng gian vn ha cng ching Ty Nguyn, v nh nhc cung nh Hu.- Cc l hi din ra khp ni v sut c nm trong tp trung nht l sau tt c truyn. Tiu biu l l hi cha Hng n Hng,Cu Ng, Kat,-Ngoi ra cn c cc lng ngh,bn sc ring ca cc dn tc,cc loi hnh VH dn gian, m thc. c/Tn 3 vng du lch(trong cu53),cc trung tm DL quan trng v ln nht ca nc ta .(trong tlt) Cu 53: Phn tch v gii thch tnh hnh pht trin du lch nc ta trong nhng nm gn y? -Ngnh DLVit Nam pt nhanh t thp k 90 nay nh chnh sch i mi ca nh nc.-T 1995-2007 s khch ni a tng gp 3,5 lnt 5,5tr lt ngi (1995) ln 19,1 tr lt ngi (2007)-S khch DL quc t tng gp 3 ln (t 1,4 tr lt ngi (1995) ln 4,2 tr lt ngi (2007).-Doanh thu DLtng gp 7 ln (t 8 nghn t ng (1995) ln 56 nghn t ng (2007)+Nc ta c 3 vng du lch: BB;BTB,NTB&NB+Cc trung tm DLln nc ta:HN-Hu- Nng,TP.HCM,Ngoi ra cn c cc trung tm DLquan trng khc:H Long,HP,Nha Trang, Lt,Cn Th

*Nguyn nhn:Ngnh DL pt mnh do:-Nc ta c tim nng ln v DL(ti nguyn thin nhin & ti nguyn nhn vn).-Tn to cc ti nguynDL,ci to nng cp cc nh ngh, khch sn-Qung b hnh nh VN ra th gii thu ht khch DL Cu 54:Cc di sn Th gii ca VN c UNesco cng nhn :Qun th C Hu(1993),Vnh H Long(1994),ph C Hi An(1999);Thnh a M Sn(1999);Vn quc gia Phong Nha-K Bng(2003);Nh nhc cung nh Hu(2003);Vn ha Cng Ching Ty Nguyn(2005),HtCa Tr(2009);Ht Quan H(2009);Hong Thnh Thng Long(2010)
4.1-VN KHAI THC TH MNH TRUNG DU-MIN NI BC B

Cu55:Trnh by khi qut chung(V tr a l,lnh th)-DT>101000km2=30,5%DT c ncL vng c DT ln nht nc ta.DS 12triu ngi =14,2%DS c nc -Gm 15 tnh:-TyBc 4 tnh Lai chu,in Bin,Sn La,Ho Bnh.- ng Bc 11(t lt)?-Gip TQ(mt nc c nn KT pt mnh),Thng Lo(giao lu KT,cung cp ngun nguyn liu),BTB(cung cp thu sn),BSH(Vng KT pt nn s l th trng tiu th ln) Thun li:Giao lu,pt KT-XH,VH vi cc vng trong c nc(c bit l vng BSH),vi cc nc trn TG va bng ng b va bng ng bin. V tr c bit quan trng:chnh tr ,quc phng,KT. Xy dng mt nn KT m. Ca ng ra bin....?.. Kh khn:-Giao thng..., -Bo v bin gii,chnh tr... -Thin tai rt m,rt hi... Cu56:Da vo tlt v kin thc hc hy trnh by th mnh v hn ch v khai thc ch bin Ksn v thu in TDMNBB. L vng giu tim nng KS v Tin ln nht nc ta a/Khai thc v ch bin khong sn Tim nng khong sn*Phong ph a dng giu c nht c nc.ptCN,lm nhin liu,nguyn liu... +KS nhinliu:Than tr lng 3t tn (Q Ninh), thannuNaDng(LSn)thanm(ThiNguyn,Sn La, HoBnh..) lm nhinliu chonh my nhit in v xut khu,Lkim...Tnh hnh SX:sn lng >30triutn/nm,snxutNin.Nhmyin:UngBUngBmrng(QungNinh)cngsut450MW,Cao Ngn(ThiNguyn)116MW,NaDng(LngSn)110MW,sXdngNinCmPh(Qninh)600MW +Kimloi(st..,thic..,bxt..,mangan..,km..,ch..,ng..,vng..,niken.., *B:st(YnBi,LoCai,HGiang,ThiNguyn)Thic,b xt,man gan(Cao Bng),thic Tnh Tc(Cao Bng)Ch-km(chn-BcKn),ng-vng(Lo Cai)..*TB:ng-niken(Sn La)-Tnh hnh SX St khai thc v SX thp (Thi Nguyn),thic SX 1000tn/nm Tnh Tc(Cao Bng) +PhiKL (Apatit(LaoCai)..,...600.000tn/nm SX phn ln, vi,st..,cao lanh..(H Giang,Sn La...).... sxut xi mng,VLXDng.....t him(Lai Chu).., TLi:-Trong vng c mt s KSn quan trng,tr lng ln.-Trn 1 Dtch nht nh tp trung nhiu KS nn vic kthc v cbin KS trn quan im tng hp l 1 th mnh m khng phi vng no cng c.-y l vng giu tim nng tin nht nc ta ,khai thc tim nng ny s to ngun nng lng r phc v cho kthc,cbin KS.KK:-Phn ln cc m c quy m nh,phn b nhng ni GTVti cha PTrin,a hnh him tr. -Cc va qung thng nm su trong lng t,chi ph khai thc cao,i hi cng ngh hin i.-Cng ngh nc ta lc hu nn lng ph tnguyn,gi thnh cao. b)Thy in:Ni bt ngun cc con sng PT thu in.Cc sng sui c d tr nng lng thy in rt ln. H thng sng Hng(11 triu Kw) chim 1/3 tr nng ca c nc. Ring sng chim 6 triu Kw.- Ngun thy nng ln v ang c khai thc. Nh my thy inThc B trn sng Chy

(110Mw). Nh my thy in Ha Bnh trn sng (1920Mw). Nh my thy in ln nht ng Nam l nh my thy in Sn La trn s (2400Mw); thy in Tuyn Quang(300Mw) trn sGm.Nhiu nh my nh trn ph lu TLi -y l vng giu tm nng v thu in nht n c ta,khai thc tim nng ny s to ra ng lc mi cho s pt ca vung,ngun nng lng r phc v cho khai thc v ch bin ks. KK:Vic XD cc cng trnh tin ln s gy ngp lt c 1vng rng ln cn ch n vn bo v mi trng v khai thc tng hp ti nguyn. Cu57:Phn tch nhng T li v KK,bin php gii quyt i vi vic ptrin nngnghip ca vng TDMNBBv hin trng pt 1)Trng v ch bin cy cnghip,cy dc liu,rau qu cn nhit v n i a)Thun li:-t:Ch yu l t Fra lt trn cc loi khc nhau( vi, phin)t ph sa dc cc thung lng sng,cc cnh ng gia ni,t ph sa c trung du. pt nhiu loi cy Cndi ngy,ngn ngyNi,n i,-Kh hu:N m gi ma,c ma ng lnh nht phn ho theo cao. pt cycn nghip+Bc:H khng caonhng chu nh hng mnh ca gi ma Bnn lnh nht nc:+TBc:chu nh hng ca giB yu hn,nhng do nn H cao nn ma ng vn lnh cn nhit i..-Sng ngi dy cngun nc ti cho cy trng phong ph.-Dn c c kinh nghim trong vic trng,ch bin cc cy cn..-C s VCKT c nhiu tin b:cc c s cng nghip ch bin ang c u t,ch yu tp trung trung du.-C s h tng:mng li GTVT,TTLL,in, nc ang c u t nng cp.-ng li chnh sch,vn..:c s quan tm ca Nh nc. -Th trng rng ln:Trong ncgn th trng ln l BSH.Ngoi nc... b)KK:-Thin tai:K/hu,thi tit tht thng,rt m,sng mui ,tnh trng thiu nc v ma ng...hnh:cao,chia ct nn githng kk..-Mng li cnghip cbin cha tng xng vi th mnh ca vng. c)Bin php: Pht trin nng nghip hng ho.p dng khoa hc k thut.nh canh nh c. d)Hin trng pht trin:*Vng c th mnh c bit v pt cy CN c ngun gc cn nhit v n i. 2) Chn nui gia sc. a) iu kin:+ Nhiu ngun thc n cho chn nui: c nhiu ng c ch yu trn cao nguyn cao 600-700m (Mc Chu),thc n t rau,hoa mu,c th pht trin chn nui tru b ly tht, ly sa v nhiu gia sc khc nh nga, d.+ Kh hu thch hp nui cc loi gia sc ln nh tru, b, nga. +Kinh nghim SX ca dn c..+Dch v th y v ging c nhiu tin b v pt rng khp,vng c nhiu ging vt nui tt ln nga...+ Nhu cu tiu th ni vng v cho cc vng ph cn ln. b)KK: Th trng tiu th sn phm v ngun thc n cho chn nui cha c m bo c)Bin php:Pht trin th y,c s h tng,cng ngh ch bin d) Hin trng pht trin: +Tru c nui rng ri c bit l vng ng Bc. n tru ca vng chim 57,5% n tru ca c nc (t hn 1,7 triu con nm 2005).+ n b chim 16,2% n b ca c nc (900.000 con nm 2005).B nui ch yu cc CN Mc Chu.+Ln:5,8 triu con(21%)Tng nhanh do gii quyt tt vn lng thc cho con ngi nn ngun thc n cho chn nui tng Cu58:Kinh t bin:Vng bin Qung Ninh

-Pht trin mnh nh bt ,nht l nh bt xa b v nui trng thu sn,c ng trng ln(HP-QN) -Pht trin dullch bin-o.-ang XD v nng cp cng Ci Ln, to cho s hnh thnh khu CN Ci Ln...-Khai thc ti nguyn bin .... Cu59: ngha KT-XH,quc phngtrong vic pht huy th mnh ca vngTDMNBB -V KT:+S dng hp l ti nguyn....+Tng thm ngun lc Ptrin ca vng...+To s chuyn dch trong c cuKT theo hng CNH-HH.-V m XH:Nng cao sng nhn dn,xo dn s chnh lch v mc sng gia TD-MN vi ng bng.-V chnh tr :Cng c tnh on kt gia cc DTc.-V quc phng:gp phn bo v tt an ninh bin gii.
4.2-VN CHUYN DCH C CU THEO NGNH NG BNG SNG HNG

Cu60:Phn tch cc th mnh,hn ch ch yu v t nhin KT-XHi vi s pt kinh t BSH 1)V tr a l,lnh th:-DT:15000km2(4,5%),c DT nh nht trong cc vng,trung tm BB,nm trong a bn KT trng im pha Bc,tam gic tng trng KT (HN-HP-QN),th H Ni l trung tm chnh tr,vh,kt..-Gm:10tnhHN,HYn,HDng,PH,TBnh,HNam,Namnh,NinhBnh,Vnh Phc, Bc Ninh.-Gip:TDMNBB(cung cp ngun ngliu k/sn,cy CN..).BTB(cung cp thu sn..).Vnh BB...*TL Giao lu,pt KT-XH,VH vi cc vng trong c nc,vi cc nc trn TG va bng ng b va bng ng bin.V tr c bit quan trng:chnh tr ,KT.Xy dng mt nn KT m.Ca ng ra bin......*KK: Thin tai bo ,l,rt m,rt hi... 2)Ti ngyun thin nhin.-H:L vng B chu th ln th 2 c nctng i bng phng.thun li pt NN trn quy m ln-t nn chim 51,2%DT ng bng,trong 70% l t ph sa mu m pt NNghip(cy lng thc.)-Kh hu N m gi ma,c ma ng lnhC cu cy trng a dng,pt cy c sn v ng-Nc phong ph(nc mt,nc gm,nc nng,nc khong...?...)-KSn: vi st,caolanh..than nu tr lng hng trc t tn,tim nng kh t Tin Hi (Thi Bnh).-Bin:bbin di400km,giu hisn,ng trng HP-QNpt Kt bin lm mui, nuitrng t/sn,gtvtbin,du lch. TL:pt nng nhip:lng thc,cy v ng,nui trng,nh bt thu sn,GTVT... sx mui 3)KT-XH:-Dn c:18,2ttriu-21,6%,ng c,ngun L di do,c truyn thng kinh nghim SX,t l L tng i cao so vi vng khc,trnh tay ngh cao.-C nhiu di tch LS,VH,lng ngh,l hi... -C lch s khai thc lnh th lu i.-CSHT vo loi tt nht so vi cc vng,mng li GT pt mnh & kh nng cung cp in nc m bo.-C s VC-KT tng i tt ,mng li th tng i pt v dy c,cc trung tm KT vi quy m khc nhau,hai trung tm KT-XH vo loi ln nht c nc(HN,HP)-Th trng tiu th rng ln.-Chnh sch..-Vn u t... TL :pt c cu KT hin i. Cu61:Hn ch ch yu v t nhin KT-XHi vi s pt kinh t BSH *Dn c:-S dn ng nht c nc,M DS cao(1225 ng/km 2) gp 4,8 ln MDS c nc,kt cu DS tr,kinh t cn chm pht trinVlm l vn nan gii..*T nhin,ti nguyn-Thin tai:l lt.-Ti nguyn khng tht phong ph,s dng cha hp l,.-Thiu nguyn liu cho pt Cnghip,phi nhp t vng khc v..-Ti nguyn b suy thoi, nhim mi trng...-Vn cn gii quyt :Qu t NN ang b thu hp.*Kinh t:Vic ch/dch c cu KT cn chm,cha pht huy th mnh ca vng. Cu62:S chuyn dch c cu KTtheo ngnh(biu c cu kt BSH tlt/26)Ccnh hng chnh

.* Nhng nh hng pht trin trong tng lai :- Chuyn dch c cu ngnh trong ton b nn kinh t. Xu hng chung l tip tc gim t trng ca khu vc 1(nng-lm- ng), tng t trng ca cc ngnh cng nghip v dch v trn c s m bo tng trng kinh t vi tc nhanh, hiu qu cao gn vi vic gii quyt cc vn XH v mi trng.- Chuyn dch c cu kinh t trong ni b tng ngnh: +Khu vcI:Gim t trng nghnh trng trt,tng ..chn nui v thu sn.Trong trng trt:gim t trngcy Lthc,tng t trng cy CN,cy thc phm,cy n qu. + Khu vc II: pht trin cc ngnh CN trng im (ch bin lng thc- thc phm, ngnh dt may v da giy, ngnh sn xut vt liu xy dng, cc ngnh c kh k thut- in t). +Khu vc III:Tng cng pt du lch,cc hot ng ti chnh,ngn hng,GD-to..
Trnh tm l pt&Hiho CN c bin,cc nghnh CN khc&DVgn vi yu cu pt nn NN hng ho.

Cu63:Gii thch v sao NH,HP l hai trung tm CN ln nht ca vng v 2 thnh ph ny hi t rt nhiu iu kin thun li cho s pht trin CN: 1-C VTDL thun li : Nm gn bin v gn trung tm BSH, trung tm ca vng kinh t trng im pha B, l 1 trong 3 nh ca tam gic tng trng pha B 2-Ngun nguyn liu phong ph -Nm gn nhng vng giu ti nguyn:K/s, lm sn, thy in,vng chuyn canh cy CN ln . -Ti nguyn ti ch phong ph t:nghnh trng trt,cnui,thu sn,.... 3-Dn c :- L 2 thnh ph c s dn ng nht: Nm 2008 s dn ca HN l 3,3 triu ngi, HP 1,8triu ng. Cht lng ngun lao ng dn u c nc, c bit l NH. 4-CSHT,CSVCKT tt nht v hon thin nht c nc.y cng l 2 u mi gtvt lnnht nc ta. 5-L 2 vng thu ht mnh ngun vn u t t bn ngoi, phn thnh nht c nc 6-Cc ng/nhn #.C nhiu ch/sch nng ng trong ptKT.i vi HN th y cn l th nc ta. Cu64:Ti sao phi c s chuyn dch c cu KT theo ngnh BSH: -Vai tr c bit ca BSh trong chin lc pht trin KT-XH ca t nc. +L va la th 2 nc ta,l vng trng im lng thc, +L a bn pt CN v DV quan trng ca c nc. -C cu KT theo ngnh BSH c nhiu hn ch,khng ph hp vi tnh hnh pt KT-XH hin nay v tng lai. +Trong c cu ngnh,NN ni ln hng u.+CN tp trung ch yu cc th ln.+Cc ngnh DV cn chm pt. -S dn BSH rt ng,mt cao.Vic pt KT vi c cus c khng p ng c yu cu v sn xut v i sng. --Vic chuyn dch c cu KT nhm khai thc c hiu qu nhng th mnh vn c ca vng(v tr,ti nguyn TN,trnh dn c..)gp phn ci thin i sng nhn dn
4.3 VN PHT TRIN KINH T-X HI BC TRUNG B

Cu65:Ti sao vicHnh thnh c cu CN v pht trin CSHTg, giao thng vn ti s to bc ngot quan trng trong hnh thnh c cu KT ca vng * Pht trin cc nghnh cng nghip trng im v cc trung tm CNghip chuyn mn ha -CN ca vng pt da trn mt s ti nguyn khong sn c tr lng ln th 2 sau TD-MNBB, ngun nguyn liu ca N-L-Tsn v ngun lao ng di do, tng i r. Hn ch v k thut, vn, nn c cu CNca vng cha tht nh hnh v s c nhiu bin i trong nhng thp k ti. -Mt s nh my xi mng ln. Bm Sn,Nghi Sn(Thanh Ho)hong Mai(Ngh An) - Vn pht trin c s nng lng (in) l mt u tin trong ptCN ca vng.(1s nh my tin)

- Cc trung tmCN: ?.... vi cc sn phm chuyn mn ha khc nhau, Hu nm trong Vng kinh t trng im min Trung s c li th trong pht trin.... * Xy dng c s h tng trc ht l giao thng vn ti - Vic y mnh u t pht trin CSHT ang to ra nhng thay i ln trong s pt KT-XHca vng. + Mng li giao thng ca vng ch yu gm quc l 1, ng st Bc Nam v cc tuyn ng ngang l cc quc l 7, 8, 9, ng HCM thc y s pht trin kinh t ca cc huyn pha ty, phn b li dn c, hnh thnh mng li th mi. + Hng lot ca khu c m ra tng cng giao thng vi cc nc lng ging, trong Lao Bo l ca khu quc t quan trng. + Mt s cng nc su ang c u t xy dng v hon thin (Nghi Sn, Vng ng, Chn My) gn lin vi s hnh thnh cc khu kinh t cng bin, -Cc sn bayPh Bi(Hu)Vinh(NAn)c nng cp gip ptKt,vn ha&tng cng thu ht khchDL Cu66:Trnh by v tr a l & qyuy m lnh th, i vi s pt kinh t BTB 1)V tr a l,lnh th.-DT :51,5nghnkm2=15,6%DT c ncL vng hp ngang v ko di nht c nc.Cu ni gia cc vng pha Bcv pha Nam.Cc tnh u gip bin.-Gm cc tnh....6 tnh..... - Gip BSH (l vung c nn KT pt ),TDMNBBH Lo...DHNTB....,Vnh BB... Giao lu,pt KT-XH,VH vi cc vng trong c nc(c bit l vng BSH),vi cc nc trn TG va bng ng b va bng ng bin.cc cng bin l ca ng ra bin ca nc bn..,ptKT bin...khai thc khong sn bin...Kh khn:Giao thng.ng b.,nhiu thin tai...Chin tranh ko di.Trong chin tranh chu nhiu tn tht v ngi v ca... Cu67:Ti sao ni vic pht trinc cu N-L-Nnghip gp phn pt bn vng BTB *L do hnh thnh c cu KT N-L-Nnghip:c nghi ln i vi s hnh thnh c cu KT chung ca vng V -Gp phn to ra c cu ngnh-To ra th lin hon trong pt c cu KT theo ko gian (lnh th ko di t B-N,hp ngang,tnh no cng c ni p ty,vng i nu chuyn tip, B pha ,bin)-To cho pt CN:T trng ngnh CN so vi c nc cn nh b(5%gi tr SX cn ca c nc 2005)-vic y mnh CNH-HH trong giai on hin nay i hi pht huy th mnh sn c v N-L-N 1/Lm nghip a/iu kin-DT rng ca ton vng l 2,46tri ha,chim khong 20% DT rng c nc. che ph rng l 47,8%(2006)chngsaurngTyNguyn.-Trong rng c nhiu loi g qu:tu,lim, sn,kin kin,sng l,lt hoa-Pht trin trng rng:R phngh,Rcdng,Rven bin bo v mi trn sinhthi,chn gibo,ct bayptCNkhai thc,cbg,Lsn b/Hin trng-Rngch cn tp trungch yu vng gip bingii V-Lo(NamThanhHo,Qung Bnh,Ngh An)-Rng SX chim 34%DT.Rng phng h 50%DT.Rng c dng16%DT-Hng lot lm trng hot ng,thc hin khai thc i i vi bo v rng rp bin gii V-L.-C s ch bin lm sn phc v nhu cu trong ncv XK:Vinh.-Kt:To ra ngun thu nhp t rng.c/ ngha-XH :To vic lm-Mi trng :+Bo v v pt vn rng +Bo v mi trng sngca V hoang d,gi gn ngun genV,TVqu him+Bov ti nguyn t iu ho ngun nc,hn ch tchai ca l.+Rng ven bin:chn gi bo,ct bay,cn ct ln vo ng rung 2/Nng nghip a/iu kin- Pht trin trn c s khai thc tng hp cc th mnh ca vng trung du v B+Trung du nhiu ng c pt cnui i gia sc (tru, b),t badan DT khng ln nhng kh mu m ,ptcy CN+ng bng ven bin phn ln l t ct pha pt NN+Ven bin pt rng ngp mn, trng ci+KH :Nm gi ma,c s phn ho..b/Hin trng-Vng i :chn nui i gia sc(b l chnh) n b1,1tr con=1/5 n b c nc,tru 750.000con=1/4..-Hnh thnh 1s vng chuyn canh cy CN lu nm nh:cph (TyNghAn, Q.Tr).cao su, h tiu(Q.Bnh,Q.Tr), ch(Ty Ngh An).-B:hnh thnh 1svngchuyn canh cyCN hngnm(lc, ma,thuc l)&thm canh la-Bqun lng thc/ngi 348kg(2005),thp nht c nc.c/ ngha-.Pht trin m hnh n-lm kt hp trung du s dng hp l ti nguyn.-Khai thc tia cc lithv pt NN,mangli hiu qu KTcao.-To thu nhp.Nng cao mc sn ca ngi dn.-Giiquyt vn LT-Tp ca vng.-PTrinnn NN hng ho,a dng ho sphm NN

3/Ng nghip a/iu kinCc tnh u c kh nng pt -B bin di Nhiu bi c tm, pt nh bt.. - B bin di nhiu vng vnh pt nui trng, ch bin hi sn v XDng cng c.-Ng trng.. -Ngun tsn?-Ch trng nh bt xa b..b/Hin trng-Ngh An l tnh trng im ngh c ca BTB. -Phn ln tu b c cng sut nh,nh bt ven b l chnh.-Ngun thu sn c nguy c suy gimr rt Hin nay nui tsn ncl,mn kh ptrin lm thay i c cu nthn ven bin c/ ngha-Khai thc ti a cc li th v pt ng nhip ,to ra chuyn dch c cu nthn ,mang li hiu qu KT cao.-Vic pt rng ngp mn...to K bo v b bin,va to mi trg cho cc loi thu sinh v nui trng tsn

4.4:VN PHT TRIN KT-XH DUYN HI NAM TRUNG

Cu68:Phn tch cc th mnh,hn ch ch yu v t nhin KT-XHi vi s pt kinh t DHNTB 1)V tr a l,lnh th.-DT44,4nghnkm2=13,4%DT c ncL vng hp ngang v ko di.Cu ni gia ccvng KTpha B& pha N.Cc tnh u gip bin.C nhiu bn o,vng vnh.-Gm cc tnh....8 tnh....Hai qun o xa b..- Gip NB(l vung c nn KT pt),BTBH Lo...Ty nguyn..,Bin ng.. Giao lu,pt KT-XH,VH vi cc vng trong c nc(c bit l vng NB),vi cc nc trn TG va bng ng b va bng ng bin.cc cng bin l ca ng ra bin ca T.Nguyn..ptKT bin..khai thc ksn bin..V tr chin lc an ninh quc phng.KK:Giao thng ng b vi T.nguyn. nhiu thin tai...Chin tranh ko di..Trong chin tranh chu nhiu tn tht v ngi v ca.. Cu69 :Trnh by cc KTN pt v hin trng pt tng hp KT bin DHNTB 1/V ngh c*iu kin pt+ B bin dic nhiu bi tm,bi c..+B bin c nhiu vng vnh,m ph..+Ngun tsn..Bin min Trung lm tm,c v cc loi hi sn khc.+C cc ng trng: Hong Sa -Trng Sa,Ninh thun-Bnh Thun-B Ra-Vng Tu.*Hin trng SX:+Sn lng tsn tng nhanh: SL ca vng 2005 vt 624 nghn tn.Trong ,ring SLc bin l 420 nghn tn vi nhiu loi c qu nh c thu,c ng,c trch.+Slng nh btca vng ln hn SLnui trng.Ntrng ang pt mnh.+Hotng cbin ngy cng a dng,p/ph(c tm kh,ng lnh),trong nc mm PhanThit ngon ni ting +Phn b:Pht trin tt c cc tnh. nh bt nhiu nht Bnh Thun Nui trng (nht l nui tm hm,tm s)ang c pt nhiu tnh (nht l Khnh Ho,Ninh Thun) 2/ V du lch bin+Nam Trung B c tim nng ln vi nhiu bi bin ni ting nh bi bin p M Kh ( Nng), Sa Hunh (Qung Ngi),Quy Nhn (Bnh nh),Nha Trang(Khnh Ha),C N (Ninh Thun), Mi N (Bnh Thun)+Vic pt du lch bin gn lin vi dlch bin o v hng lot hot ng du lch ngh dng,th thao khc ang pt.+Nha Trang v Nng l cc trung tm DL quan trng ca vng trong vic thu ht khch DL 3/V dch v hng hi+C tim nng ln vi nhiua im t/ li XD cng ncsu nh Nng, QNhn NTrang.+Hin ti c 1 s cng tng hp ln do Trung ng qun l:..(tn cng).XDcc cng nc su nh Dung Qut, c bit, vnh Vn Phong s hnh thnh cng trung chuyn quc t ln nht nc ta. 4/ V khai thc khong sn thm lc a v sn xut mui+Vng ang tin hnh khai thc cc m du kh pha ng qun o Ph Qu (Bnh Thun).+VicSXmui cng rt thun li.Cc vng mui ni ting l C N, Sa Hunh..Do y c nhiu kin t/li:-Bin y c mn ln nht c nc. -B bin y t ca sng nht kh hu kh nht v t ma nht c nc.-C nhiu bi bin sch thit lp c nhiu cnh ng mui cht lng tt nht. Cu70 :Trnh by s pht trin cng nghip v c s h tng

*Cng nghip:-Hnh thnh c chui cc trung tm CN,ln nht l Nng,tip n l cc trung tm Nha Trang,Quy Nhn,Phan Thit.-C nghip ch yu l c kh, ch bin N-L-Tsn v CN nng lng. -Vn nng lng (in) c gii quyt theo hng s dng in li quc gia qua ng dy 500 KV, v xy dng mt s nh my thy in quy m nh v TB.(tn nh my t lt) -Vng kinh t trng im min Trung ang c ch trng u t;c bit vi vic xy dng Khu kt m Chu Lai v Khu kt Dung Qut, nn CNca DHNTBs c bc pht trin r nt trong thp k ti. *GTVT:-Vic pt c s h tng GTVTto ra th m ca hn na cho vng& cho s phn cng L mi. +Nng cp quc l 1&ng st B-Nkhng ch lm tng vai tr trung chuyn ca DHMT,m cn gip y mnh s giao lu gia cc tnh DHNTB vi TP Nng,TPHCM ni ring,NB ni chung.+H thng sn bay ca vng c khi phc,hin i gm sn bay quc t Nng, Ph Bi (Hu)& cc sn bay trong nc nh Chu Lai,Quy Nhn,Cam Ranh.+Cc d n pht trin cc tuyn ng ngang (nh cc ng?)ni T Nguyn vi cc cng nc su gip: vng m rng cc vng hu phng ca cc cng ny v gip cho DHNTB m ca hn na gp phn nng cao vai tr ca vng DHNTB i vi vic m rng quan h vi cc tnh Ty Nguyn gp phn nng cao vai tr ca vng i vi khu vc Nam Lo v ng bc ThI Lan
4.5:VN KHAI ThC TH MNH TY NGUYN

Cu71:Phn tch cc th mnh,hn ch v t nhin KT-XHi vi s pt kinh t Ty Nguyn 1)V tr a l,lnh th.-DT54,7nghnkm2=16,5%DT c ncL vng duy nht khng gip bin . -Gm cc tnh....5tnh....- Gip NB (l vung c nn KT pt),DHNTBH Lo,ng bc Cm pu chia... Giao lu,pt KT-XH,VH vi cc vng trong c nc(c bit l vng NB),vi cc nc ....... V tr chin lc c bit quan trng : an ninh quc phng.Kinh t... Kh khn:Giao thng.....Chin tranh ko di.. Cu72 :Trnh by iu kin ( t nhin KT-XH )i vi s pt cy cng nghip lu nm Ty Nguyn.Nu cc khu vc chuyn canh v bin php pt n nh cy CN TN. 1-Vng c nhiu th mnh pht trin cy cng nghip lu nm. *TLi :- t trng v a hnh.+ t bazan din tch kh ln: 1,4 triu ha chim 66% DT t ba dan ca c nc. t c tng phong ha su, giu cht dinh dng.+ t phn b trn cc cao nguyn xp tng, a hnh tng i bng phng thun li xy dng cc vng chuyn canh vi quy m ln. - Kh hu+ Kh hu mang tnh cht cn xch o nng quanh nm, kh hu c s phn ha theo cao a hnh nn:Cc cao nguyn 400-500 kh hu kh nng, thch hp cho cy cng nghip nhit i (c ph, cao su, h tiu.).Cao nguyn cao>1000m mt m thch hp cy CNcn nhit (ch).+Kh hu c s phn ha thnh hai ma ma v kh.Ma ma cung cp lng nc tui ln. Ma kh ko di t 4 5 thng tli cho phi sy v bo qun sphm.-KT-XH:+Dn c:4,9triu-15,8,%DSc nc,vng tha dn nht.L a bn c tr ca nhiu DT+C nhiu kinh nghim SX.cy CN..+Ngun Ld c b xung t vng khc n..-C s VCKT c nhiu tin b,cc nh my ch bin,boqun sp:.-C s HT mng li GTVTang c u t..-Th trng..-ng li chnh sch,:S quan tm ca nh nc...Vn :ang thu ht vn nc ngoi.TL:ang thu ht ngun L t ni khc,to Kin cho vng pt trong tng lai.*KK:Ma kh gay gt thiu nc nghim trng trong Sxv i sng.Ma mavi cng ln nn xi mn.-Th trng tiu th ti ch,on kt DT.-Thiu L,trnh L cha cao (c bit L c Kthut),tnh trng lc hu,-CSVC-KT,CSHT:thiu ng b, mc sng ngi dn thp,mng li GTVT, th cn mng.cng nghip mi ang trong giai on hnh thnh 2-Hin trng pht trin v phn b mt s cy cng nghip * Cy c ph:l cy quan trng s 1ca TNguyn -Din tch c ph khong 450 nghn ha, chim 4/5 din tch c ph c nc.(2006)

- Phn b trng tt c cc tnh,k Lk l tnh c din tch c ph ln nht: 259 nghn ha, chim 57,5% din tch c ph ton Ty Nguyn. - C hai loi c ph chnh:+C ph ch:trng cc cao nguyn tng i cao,khhu mt m Gia Lai,Kom Tum, Lng+C ph vi c trng nhng vng nng hn,ch yu tnh k Lk.C ph Bun Ma Thut ni ting c cht lng cao. * Cy ch: - Ch c trng cc cao nguyn cao hn nh Lm ng v mt phn Gia Lai, Lm ng l tnh trng ch ln nht c nc. - Ch c ch bin ti nh my ch Bin H (Gia Lai) v Bo Lc (Lm ng). *Cy cao su:c DT ln th hai c nc sau ng Nam B. Trng nhiu Gia Lai, k Lk. *Cy du tm:c DTln nht c nc tp trung ch yu Lng (Bo Lc, n Dng, c Trng). * Ngoi ra vng cn p/ trin cc cy CN khc: h tiu, iu, bng(ch yu Gia Lai, k Lk). 3-Gii php nng cao hiu qu kinh t x hi ca sn xut cy cng nghip Ty Nguyn. - Hon thin quy hoch cc vng chuyn canh cy cng nghip; m rng din tch cy cng nghip c k hoch v c c s khoa hc, i i vi vic bo v rng v pht trin thy li. - a dng ha c cu cy cng nghip, va hn ch nhng ri ro trong tiu th sn phm, va s dng hp l ti nguyn.m bo cung cp L.thc cho vng.. - y mnh khu ch bin cc sn phm cy cng nghip v y mnh xut khu. Cu73 :Ti sao khai thc v ch bin lm sn,cn i i vi tu b v bo v rng TN * ngha ca vic y mnh pht trin lm nghip Ty Nguyn. -Lm nghip l th mnh ni bt ca Ty Nguyn.Ty Nguyn l "kho vng xanh" ca c nc.DT rng (3 tr ha=29%DT rng c nc)ln nht c nc.Vo thp k 90 n TK XXRng che ph 60% DTlnh th, rng chim 36% din tch t c rng v 52% sn lng g c th khai thc ca c nc. -Rng Ty Nguyn c nhiu loi g c gi tr kinh t ( cm lai, g, mt, nghin, trc, sn) -Rng Ty Nguyn cng l mi trng sng ca nhiu loi ng vt qu him (voi,b tt ,gu..) -RngTNguyn cn c vai tr cn bng sinh thi,bo v ngun nc ngm,chng xi mn cho t v c vng ng bng. *Hin trng khai thc v ch bin lm sn -Ti nguyn rng ang ngy cng suy gim + Cui thp k 80 -90 sn lng g khai thc trung bnh t 600 -700 nghn m3/nm, +Nay ch cn 200-300 nghn m3 /nm - Nguyn nhn :+Khai thc ba bi lm gim st tr lng cc loi g. +Nn ph rng gia tng lm gim nhanh chng lp ph rng. + Chy rng. -Hu qu:Lp ph thc vt gim st nhanh .Tr lng g qu cng t dn, e do mi trng sng ca cc loi ng vt qu him.Mc nc ngm tip tc h thp v ma kh. *Bin php:Ngn chn nn ph rng.Khai thc rng hp l i i vi khoanh nui,trng mi rng. Cng tc giao t giao rng cn c y mnh.Cn y mnh hn na vic ch bin g ti a phng v hn ch xut khu g trn.Tn dng g cnh v ngn. Cu74:CMR th mnh v thu in ca TN ang c pht huyv iu ny s l ng lc cho s ptKT-XHca vng 1-Tim nng T to ln ca TNguyn ang c pht huy v s dngc hiu qu.(21%tr lngT) - Ti nguyn nc ca cc h thng sng X xan,Xr Pk,ng Nai....ang c s dng ngy cng c hiu qu hn: +Trc y cc nh my thu in:a nhim(160MW)trn sng a Nhim,ry H linh (12M) trn sng Xr pk. +T thp k 90 tr l y xy dng:Yaly(720MW),X xan3,X xan 3A.,X xan4,Ply Krng(1500) +Hnh thnh cc bc thang thu in trn sng Xr Pk c 6 bc thang thu in c quy hoch vi

cng sut lp my trn 600MW... +Sng ng Nai XD cc cng trnh thu in :i Ninh(300) ,ng Nai 3(180),ng Nai4(340) 2- ngha i vi s pt KT-XH -Pht trin CN ca vng:Thun li cho vic khai thc v ch bin KSn(kloi mu)trn c s gi thnhTin r..c bit k.thc cbin bt nhm t ngun b-xt rt ln. -Gii quyt nhu cu nc ti:Cc h thu in em li ngun nc ti cho vng chuyn canh cy CN trong ma kh.-Pht trin du lch,nui trng thu sn.-Nng cao i sng,VH ,KT ca nhn dn. Cu75: so snh th mnh chn nui gia sc ln TD-MN Bc b v Ty Nguyn: *Ging nhau:Cng c th mnh v chn nui gia sc ln v: -DT i ni v cao nguyn ln, nhiu ng c t nhin -Hai vng chim t trng cao so vi c nc:TD-MNBB(tru 57,5%,b16,2%).TN(tru2,5%,b 11,1%) *Khc nhau -TD-MNBB nui tru nhiu hn b v:c kh hu m,c ma ng lnh.Tru kho hn,a m,chu rt gii hn b,d thch nghi vi chn th trong rng. -Ty Nguyn:c kh hu nng,c ma kh,thch hp vi nui b.

Cu76 So snh ngnh trng cy CN lu nm gia Ty Nguyn vio TD-MNBB v Ty Nguyn Tiu ch TD-MNBB Ty Nguyn Ging nhau: -iu -u l vng ni,cao nguyn c DT ln. kinpt -C nhiu thun li v kh hu ,t ai... cy CN, nht l cy CN di ngy +T nhin -Dn c c truyn thng,kinh nghim trng cy CN -C s VC-KT,CSHT ang c u t pt,th trng ang c m rng.... +KT-XH - u l vng chuyn canh cy CN ln ca c nc.. -Tnh hnh pt -u l vng chuyn canh cy CN ca c nc,c bit l cc loi cy CN di -Hng ngy. chuyn mn ho Khc nhau : -Kpt -C nhiu ni cao,i ni thp,min trung -Ch yu l cc cao nguyn xp +T nhin du rng,cc cao nguyn khng ln. tng, cao khng ln. *a hnh -t fe ra lt trn vi , phin v trn -t ba dan trn 1,3 triuha *t ai cc loi khc(ch yu) t ph sa c phn b tp trung trn b mt cc trung du,t ph sa dc cc thung lng cao nguyn.t xm pht trin trn sngv cnh ng min ni. phin a xt. -Nm gi ma,c ma ng lnh,phn -Cn xch o,c mt ma ma v *Kh huho a dng theo cao nn trng c c ma kh ko di(c khi 4-5 cy N,cn nhit v n i thng),thiu nc vo ma kh -KK:Rt m,rt hi,sng mui, thiu nc vo ma ng. -Mt dn s 2006: -Mt thphn(89ng/km2)

+B(148ng/km2) ; +Ty Bc(69ng/km2) -Vng ni nhiu ni rt tha dn,thiu lc lng L -C nhiu dn tc c truyn thng trng cy CN;mt s DTcn lc hu,cn du canh,du c. -CSVC-KT cn ngho nn,tp trung ch yu trung du -Tnh hnh -Nh hn,chim 5,8%DT gieo trng cy pt(Quy m) CN lu Nm ca c nc. -Hng -Ch yu pt cy CN lu nm c ngun gc chuyn cn nhit i nh ch,hi,... mn ho -Ch l cy ch lc Gn yc ph ch c pt Sn La ,DT cn t(3,3 nghn ha2005) +KT-XH

-Phn b rng khp -Gia tng c gii tng

-CSVC-KT,CSHT ang c ch pht trin -Ln hn chim 38,8%DT gieo trng cy CN lu nm ca c nc -Ch yu pt cy CN lu nm c ngun gc nhit i nh c ph,h tiu,casu -C ph l cy ch lc -Trn mt s cao nguyn trng c cy cn nhit i nh ch,...

4.6 VN KHAI THC LNH TH THEO CHIU SU CA NG NAM B

Cu77 Khi qut chung 1-V tr a li DT:23,6 nghnkm2(7,1%) DT nh trong cc vng,nm trong a bn KT trng im pha Nam,TPHCM l trung tm chnh tr,vh,kt..-Ds 12triu ngi(14,3%) 2006,vo loi trung bnh. -Gm :6 tnh v TP,TPHCM,Bnh Dng,Bnh Phc,Ty Ninh,ng Nai,B Ra-Vng Tu. GipTyNguyn(cungcpngunnguynliuk/sn,cyCN).DHNTB(cungcpthusn..).Binng,BSCL *TLGiao lu,pt KT-XH,VH vi cc vng trong c nc,vi cc nc trn TG va bng ng b va bng ng bin.(t thnh ph HCM vi bn knh 2000km c th ti hu ht th ca cc nc tr ng Ti Mo)V tr c bit quan trng:chnh tr ,KT. Xy dng mt nn KT m.Ca ng ra bin..Gn cc ngun ti nguyn chin lc(Lm sn,cy CN TNguyn;LT-TP BSCL) *ng Nam B c v tr a l thun li m rng giao lu trong nuc v quc t, pht trin nn kinh t m , nht l khi c s h tng giao thng vn ti c nng cp, hin i ho. 2-NB c nn KT p trin cao.Dn u c ncv GDP(chim 42%),ga tr sn lng cnghip (55,6%) & gi tr SLxut khu CN c nc.-NBl vng c kt hng ho sm pt,c cu kt CN,NN,dv pt hn so vi cc vng khc trong c nc.Vng c tc tng trng kt cao.-Vn khai thc lnh th theo chiu su l vn tiu biu trong s pt ca vng.+Khi nim:l vic nng cao hiu qu khai thc lnh th trn c s y mnh vn u t,KH-Cngh nhm khai thc tt nht cc ngun lc t nhin& KTXH,m bo duy tr tc tng trng KT cao,ng thi gii quyt tt vn XHv bo v mi trng 3-Nh nhng iu kin no NB c nn KT pht trin cao v khai thc lnh th theo chiu su. *V tr a l.........( phn 1 cu 77) *Dn c v ngun lao ng di do,c tay ngh cao.-L vng nhp c ln th hai c nuc(sau Ty nguyn)y l a bn thu ht v tp trung lc lung L c chuyn mn cao,t cng nhn lnh ngh ti cc k s,bc s,cc nh khoa hc,nh kinh doanh.-Ngui L nng ng do sm tip xc vi nn k t hang ho,thch ng nhanh vi c ch th trung,nhy bn trong vic tip thu k thut & cng ngh mi *CSVC-KT v kt cu h tng hon thin nht c nuc-H thng GTVT & TTlin lc ptrin mnh nht,vi Tph HCM l u mi giao thng qtrng nht nuc ta (vi cng bin quc t Si Gn,sn bay q t Tn Sn Nht )-Cc CSHT khc nh:h thng thuli,in nc mang li dv thungmi ngn

hng,u pt mnh hnccvng khc-Lvngc s tch t ln nht c nuc v CSVC-k thut-Vng nm hon ton trong vng kt trng im pha N,tp trung nhiu trung tm CNln (Tp HCM,BinHo,Vng Tu),nhiu khuCN,khu ch xut.-Chnh sch pt ph hp,thu ht c vn u t trong & ngoi nc ln nht c nc TL:khai thc LT theo chiu su l vn tiu biu trong s ptrnca vng. Cu78 :Hy trnh by mt s phng hng chnh khai thc lnh th theo chiu su NB 1-Khai thc LTtheo chiu su trong C nghip v :CNchim t trng cao nht trong c cu CN ca c nc.vi s ni bt ca nhiu ngnh i hi cng ngh cao:Lkim,t,ch to my,tin hc,ho cht, ho duc,thc phm Dos pt mnh m ca cc nghnh CN,dv nhu cu nng lung ca vng ngy cng ln -Gii quyt nng lung ca vng trn c s pht trin ngun in & mang lui in.+Mt s nh my tin XD trn sng ng Nai,s B:Tr An trn s ng Nai(400 MW);Thc M(150Mw),Cn n trn s B.+Cc nh my tuc bin kh c XD & m rng,trong ln nht l trung tm in Ph M (1,2,3,4)tng cng sut 4000 MW;B -Ra.+Mt s nh my Nin chy bng du phc v cho cc khu ch xut c u t..+ung dy siu cao p 500 kw Ho Bnh - Ph Lm(Tp H Ch Minh )c vai tr quan trng trong vic mbo nnglng chovng.Cc trm bin p500 kVv mt s mch 500 kV ;XD h thng cc cng trnh 220 kv,cc cng trng trung th,h th. .*S pt Cnghip ca vng khng tch ri vi xu th m rng quan h u t vi nc ngoi,thu ht vn u t cho CN ptrin(1988-2006 thu ht s vn ng k 42019,8trUSD+50%ca c nc) *Pht trin c cu CN ca vng,trong c CN du kh.*Quan tm n cc vn v mi trung: S pt ca c nghip trnh lm tn hi ti ngnh du lch m vng c nhiu tim nng . 2-Trong khu vc dch v -C s h tng ngy cng hon thin.-Cc ngnh dch v chim t trng ngy cng cao trong c cu KT ca vng vi cc hot ng rt a ng v thng mi,ngn hng,tn dng,TTLLhng hi,dlch,-Dn u c nc v s tng trng nhanh & pt c hiu qu cc ngnh d v 3-Trong lnh vc nng nghip v lm nghip *)Trong nng nghip * Thy li c ngha hng u:v NB c 1 ma kh ko di & su sc ng thi cng c nhiu vng thp dc sng ng Nai,sLa Ng b ngp ng trong ma ma.-Nhiu cng trnh t/li & ang c xy dng:+Du Ting l cng trnh tli ln nht nc ta,c XD trn thng lu sng Si Gn (Ty Ninh).H Du Ting rng 270Km2,cha 1,5 t m3 nc,m bo ti cho 170.000 ha t thng xuyn thiu nc vo ma kh ca Ty Ninh & huyn C Chi (TP H Ch Minh).+Thy li Phc Ha (Bnh Dng-Bnh Phc) gip cung cp nc sch cho SX & sinh hot.-Tli m bo gii quyt nc ti cho cc vng kh hn & tiu nc cho cc vng thp.lm tng DTt trng tng h s s dng t & kh nng m bo LTTPca vng cng d dng hn.*Thay i c cu cy trng ang nng cao hn v tr ca vng:L vng chuyncanh cy CN ln nht-Nhng vn cao su gi ci, nng xut m thp c thay th bng cc ging cao su mi cho NS cao & ng dng cng ngh trng mi,nh vy m slng cao su khng ngng tng ln.-a dng ha c cu cy trng:ca ph,h tiu,ma,u tng,iu, *)Trong lm nghip-Cn bo v vn rng (rng u ngun rng ngp mn ven bin bo v nghim ngt cc vn quc gia). 4-Trong pht trin tng hp kinh t bin-Vng bin & b bin c nhiu kin tli pt tng hp kt bin:kthc ti nguyn sinh vt bin, k thc ksn vng thm lc a,Dlch bin & GTVTbin.+Vic k/thc du kh(t1986)ang pt vi quy m ngy cng ln tc ng mnh n s pt ca vng+Vic pt CN lc du,ho du v cc ngnh dv kthc du kh thc y s thay i mnh m v c cu KT & s phn ho lnh th ca vng.+Du lich ang tng bc tr thnh nghnh KT quan trng...+Cn cbit ch giiquyt vn nhim mi trng trongqu trnh kthc,vnchuynv ch bin du Cu79 :CMR s PT tng hp kinh t binc th lm thay i mnh m b mt KT ca vng.Th nu mt s phng hng khai thc tng hp ti nguyn bin v thm lc a. 1-CMR s PT tng hp kinh t binc th lm thay i mnh m b mt KT ca vng: -Vic y mnh kthc dukh,ptCnghip lcdu hodu & cc ngnh dv du kh tc ng mnh m

n s pt ca vng.(xut hin thm ngnh ho du),thc y s thay i mnh m v c cu KT v s phn ho lnh th ca vng-NB & ang pt mnh dlch bin vi trung tm Vng Tu & cc im DL nh:Cno,Long Hi...Dlich ang tng bc tr thnh ngnh KT quan trng-M rng cng bin hin i ho h thng cng sng Si Gn s tc ng mnh m n ngnhGTVT,pt dv hng hi,c kh sa cha & ng tu mi.-Vic kthc ti nguyn Svt bin i hi s hon thin cnghip nh bt & nui trng thu sn,m rng CN ch bin.*Tm li vic k.thc tng hp kT bin NB s lm tng cng thm sc mnhKT ca vng,to ra nhp iu tng trng mi cho c vng v ton quc. 2-Phng hng khai thc tng hp ti nguyn bin v thm lc a -Tng cng nh bt xa b,nui trng tsn cc vng vnh c tim nng.-Tp trung k thc,pt cc hot ng du lch bin ti khu vc B Ra Vng Tu.-y mnh pt cc cm cng nc su:cm cng Si Gn,cm cng Vng Tu.-Trong khai thc pt tng hp KT bin phi ch gii quyt vn d nhim mi trngdo vic khai thc,vn chuyn v ch bin du kh gy nn. Cu80 Tc ng ca CN khai thc du kh n s pht trin kinh t NB *Tng cng c s nng lng cho vng+To ngun nhin liu ln(du,kh ,ga)+Cung cp kh t cho cc nh my in tuc bin kh hot ng:Ph M(1,2,3,44)4000MW,B Ra C s nng lng c m bo to iu kin cho CN ca vng pt bn vng. *Pht trin CN ho du t to k cho s pt nhiu ngnh CN khc nh SXphn bn,t si nhn to Nh vy,c cu CN ca vng s tr nn ngy cng a dng hn
4.7VN S DNG HP L V CI TO T NHIN NG BNG SNG CU LONG

Cu81:Phn tch cc th mnh,hn ch v mt t nhin ca vng BSCLtrong vic p trin KT-XH. 1)Cc th mnh v hn ch ch yu*Th mnh-L B chu th ln nht nc ta vi DTgn 4 triu ha,chim 12% DTc nc-t ai mu m ch yu l t ph sa,thch hp vi vic canh tc la.t ph sa ngt chim 12 triu ha(30% DTca ng bng) phn b dc sTin,sHu l loi t tt nht t li cho vic trng la.-Kh hu:Cn xch o giu nhit,c lng nh sng di do,lng ma & m ln .Tng s gi nng 2200 -2700 gi.Nhit trung bnh 25-27C.Lng ma trung bnh1300mm thch hp cho SX nnghip quanh nm(vi cc cy nhit i c gi tr),tli thc hin cc bin php canh tc;thm canh tng v,lun canh,xen canh.-Sng ngi:H thng sng ngi dy c,knh rch chng cht nn giao thng ng thy tli,ngun cung cp nc ti tiu,thau chua ra mn,cung cp thc phm & nui trng tsn.To K thun li cho SX v sinh hot-Sinh vt:Thm Tvt gm 2 thnh phn ch yu l rng ngp mn & rng trm. NB l khu vc c DTrng ngp mn ln nht nc ta khong 300.000ha),vt c gi tr hn c l c &chim:l vng cn nhiu sn chim t nhin C Mau,Bc Liu ,Bn Tre.-Ti nguyn bin:vng bin c hng trm bi tm,c,chim hn1/2 tr lng tsn ca nc ta C hn na triu ha mt nc nui trng tsn.-Khong sn ch yu l cc loi than bn (C Mau ,Kin Giang); vi (Kin Giang); t st ; du kh cc vng thm lc a . * Nhng kh khn tr ngi-Din tch t nhim mn(75 vn ha,phn b thnh vnh ai ven bin ng& vnh Tlan).t nhim phn(DT 1,6tr ha chim 41%DTbng,phn b TMi,H Tin ,vng trng C Mau),t thiu dinh dng, nht l cc nguyn t vi lng,t qu cht kh thot nc. -Kh hu cn x,vi mt ma kh(T12nT4) ko di lm tng cng xm nhp mn trong t,thy triu xm nhp su vo ni a gy tr ngi cho SX & sinh hot.i khi c thin tai.-Mng li sng ngi dy c kk cho gtvt ng b-Khong sn hn ch ,t thun li cho vic pht trin cng nghip . Cu82:Ti saophi t vn s dng hp l v ci to t nhin ng bng sng Cu Long.trnh by cc bin php s dng hp l v ci to t nhin ng bng sng Cu Long : 1)V -V tr,vai tr c bit quan trngtrong chin lc pt KT-XH nc ta,l vng trng im s 1 ca c ncv sxLTTP,gii quyt nhu cu LT cho c nc & xkhu.-Thc t mi trng & ti nguyn ca vng & ang b suy thoi nghim trng nn s tng trng KT nhanh i i vi s kthc vi quy

m ln cc ti nguyn ca vng cn phi quy hoch chi tit v khoa hc.-Xut pht t mc tiu:Pht huy th manh,bin cc tim nng ca B SCL thnh hin thc;ng thi khc phc ti a cc hn ch ca vng.Bin ,B thnh 1 khu vc KT quan trngca t nc trn c s pt bn vng. 2) Bin php s dng hp l v ci to t nhin ng bng sng Cu Long. - Vic s dng hp l v ci to t nhin y li tr thnh vn cp bch nhm bin ng bng thnh mt khu vc kinh t quan trng ca t nc trn c s pht trin bn vng . *Pht trin thu li -Chng ng lt trong ma ma. C nc thau chua,ra mn trong ma kh:Nc ngt l vn quan trng hng uvo ma kh BSCL( i ph vi s kh hn lm bc phn, bc mn trong t. ra phn)*Khai hoang m rng DT gieo trng kt hp ci to t,lai to ging mi-Cc vng c kh nng m rng DT nhiu:+ng Thp Mi:Bin php hng ul dng nc ngt ca sTin v sVm C m phn,ra phn.+T Gic Long Xuyn:Bphp hng ul dng nc ngt ca sHu v ra phn thng qua knh Vnh Tu-Lai to cc ging cy trng mi thch hp vi t chua phn ca vng*Bo v duy tr v ti to ti nguyn rng:y l nhn t quan trng nht m bo s cn bng sinh thi, bo v mi trng v ti nguyn thin nhin. *Ch ng vi l-Ch ng sng chung vi l bng bin php khc nhau vi s h tr ca Nh nc. -Ch ng n l khai thc cc ngun li v kinh t do l hng nm em li *La chn c cu kinh t thch hp. -i vi vng ni a:+y mnh trng cy CN,cy n qu c gi tr cao,kt hp nui trng thu sn. +Pht trin CN ch bin. -i vi vng bin:Kt hp mt bin vi o,qun o v t lin to ra mt th Kt lin hon
.4.8:VN PHT TRIN KT,AN NINH-QP BIN NG V CC O-QUN O

* Vng bin v thm lc a ca nuc ta giu ti nguyn *Nc ta c vng bin rng ln;DT> 1triu km2vi 4000 o ln nh.. *Nc ta c K pt tng hp KT bin. Cu 83 Cc o v qun o c ngha chin luc trong ptrin k t v bo v an ninh vng bin *Thuc vng bin nc ta c hn 4000 hn o ln nh(tn 1 s hn o v qun o) -Gm 12 huyn o * ngha ca cc o v qun o nc ta:Cc o v qun o l mt b phn quan trng ca t nuc.Bi chng l nhng khu vc giu c v ti nguyn thin nhin,c v tr quan trng trong an ninh quc phng,cn bo v. -Cc huyn o giu tim nng cho php pt nhiu hng KT bin khc nhau :Pht trin ngnh nh bt, nui trng hi sn,ngnh CN ch bin hi sn,GTVT bin,du lch.... -Vic pt KT huyn o s dndn xo b s chnh lch v trnh pt.mi mt gia hi o v t lin.Gii quyt vic lm.Nng cao i sng vt cht tinh thn cho cc ng dn,m bo s bnh n trong pt t nc * ngha ca vic khng nh ch quyn ca nc ta i vi cc o v qun o -Vic khng nh ch quyn ca nc ta i vi cc ov qun o c ngha l c s khng nh ch quyn ca nc ta i vi vng bin v thm L quanh o -H thng tin tiu bo v t nc -H thng cn c nn KT nc ta hng ra bin trong thi i mi,khai th c hiu qu cc ngun li vng bin hi o v thm lc a. *Cc huyn o(Tn cc huyn o v tnh trc thuc) 1/Huyn o Vn n,C T(Qung Ninh.) 6 /Huyn o Trng Sa(Khnh Ho) 2/Huyn o Ct Hi,Bch Long V(Hi Phng 7 /Huyn o Ph Qu(Bnh Thun) 3/Huyn o Cn C(Qun Tr) 4/Huyn o Hong Sa ( Nng) 8/Huyn o Cn o(B Ra-Vng Tu) 5/Huyn o L Sn(Qung Ngi) 9/Huyn o Kin Hi,Ph Quc(Kin Giang) Cu84: Khai thc tng hp cc ti nguyn vng bin v hi o

a)L do phi khai thc tng hp ti nguyn bin o.-Hot ng Kt bin rt a dang:(V d gia cc ngnh kt bin c mi quan h cht ch vi nhau) ch c kthc tng hp mi em li hiu qu kt cao.-Mi trng bin l khng chia ct c,c tnh cht c bit,linh ng & rt thng nht.Bi vy mt vng bin b nhim s gy thit hi cho c vng b bin cho cc vng nc v o xung quanh.Cc huyn o do s bit lp vi cc mi trg xung quanh,li do c DT nh nn rt nhy cm trc tc ng ca con ngi.*Nu k thc m ko ch n bo v mi trng c th bin thnh hoang mc. b)Khai thc tng hp cc ti nguyn vng bin v hi o *Khai thc ti nguyn sinh vt iu kin -Sinh vt bin phong ph :c tm,cua,mc..-Nhiu c sn :bo ng,hi sm...t yn trn cc o ven b DHNTB-C 4 ng trng trng im:+HP-Q Ninh ;+H Sa-Trng Sa+NinhThun-BnhThun-B Ra Vng Tu;+C Mau-Kin Giang.Hin trng Tr lng khong 3,9-4 triu tn,cho php kthc hng nm khong 1,9 triu tn.Vng bin c hn 2000 loi c(trong c hn100 loi c ga tr kinh t cao),70 loi tm,50 loi cua,650 loi rong bin,2500 loi nhuyn th,.-L mt hng XK vi gi tr cao.Gii php pt -Trnh kthc qu mc ngun li ven bin & cc i tng nh bt c gi tr kinh t cao.-Cm s dng cc phung tin nh bt c tnh cht hu dit.-Pht trin nh bt tsn xa b,gp phn kthc tt hn ngun li hi sn,bo v vng tri vng bin & vng thm lc a ca nuc ta . *Khai thc ti nguyn khong sn iu kin -Ngun mui v tn , nhi vng thun li SX mui. -C nhiu ksn vi tr lung ln nh m sa khong xt titan,ct trng Qung Nam,Cam Ranh (Khnh Ho)-Du m,kh t vng thm lc :Tng tr lung du m c th khai thc khong 4-5 t tn v hng trm t m3 kh.Tp trung thnh cc b trm tch ln B du sng Hng,Cu Long,Nam Cn Sn,Th Chu-M Lai,..Hin trng-Hng nm cung cp khong 900 nghn tn mui, xt ti tan c gi tr xkhu,ct trng l ngliu qu lm thu tinh v pha l.Gii php pt -Ngh lm mui l ngh truyn thng, uc pt mnh nhiu aphng.Hin nay,SXmui theo hung c nghip em li n/sut cao. - y mnh cng tc thm d & kthc du kh trn vng bin thm lc a :+ Mrng cc d n lin doanh vi nuc ngoi.+Thu hi kh ng hnh s dng.+ P/trin cc nh my lc,ho du,lm phn bn & SXin t ngun kh t a vo t lin.+Ch trng cng tc bo v mi trng.Trnh cc s c mi trng trong thm d khai thc,vn chuyn v ch bin du kh. *Pht trin du lch bin iu kin -C nc c khong 120 bi bin ko di t Tr C (Qug Ninh ) cho ti H Tin. -Nhiu bi tm rng,phong cnh p,kh hu tt tli cho pht trin DL & an dng ,DL th thao di nc c bit l on t i Lnh (Khnh Ho) ti mi N (Phan Thit ) : Tr C . Sn, Sm Sn Ca L Lng C,Sa Hunh,Q Nhn, Nha Trang , C N , Mi N. Hin trn g Du lch bin-o ang l loi hnh dulch thu ht nhiu nht du khch trong nc v quc t -Nhiu vng bin o mi c a vo khai thc.ng ch l khu du lch H Long -Ct B- Sn (Qung Ninh & Hi Phng),Nha Trang(Khnh Ho)Vng Tu(B ra -Vng Tu)... Gii php pt -Cc trung tm du lch bin uc nng cp(tn..)-a vo kthc mi cc vng bin o *GTVT bin iu kin - Nm gn tuyn hng hi q t qua bin ng.- Dc b bin c nhiu vng bin kn tli cho xy dng cc cng nuc su.-Nhiu ca sng cng tli cho XDcng bin.Hin trng Ci to,nng cp hng lot cc cng hng ho ln nh:cm cng Si Gn,cm cng H Phng, cm cng Nng...-Mt s cng nuc su c xy dng nh: Ci ln (Qunh Ninh) , Nghi Sn (Thanh Ho ) Vng ng (H Tnh )Dung Qut (Qung Ngi)-Cc tuyn vn ti hng ho v hnh khch thng xuyn ni lin cc o vi t lin, gp phn quan trng vo vic ptrin KT-XH cc o v qun o Gii php pt - Ci to,nng cp cc cng hng ho ln -Xy dng mt s cng nuc su . -Xy dng hng lot cng nh.Hu ht cc tnh ven bin u c cng. - Pht trin nhiu tuyn vn ti hng ho v hnh khch ni lin cc o vi t lin . Cu85 :Ti sao ni s PT KT-XH cc huyn o c ngha chin lc ht sc to lni vi s PT KT-XHca nc ta hin ti cng nh tng lai ?Phng hng bo v.... * ngha ca cc o v qun o nc ta:Cc o v qun o l mt b phn quan trng ca t

nuc.Bi chng l nhng khu vc giu c v ti nguyn thin nhin,c v tr quan trng trong an ninh quc phng,cn bo v. -Cc huyn o giu tim nng cho php pt nhiu hng KT bin khc nhau :Pht trin ngnh nh bt, nui trng hi sn,ngnh CN ch bin hi sn,GTVT bin,du lch.... -Vic pt KT huyn o s dndn xo b s chnh lch v trnh pt.mi mt gia hi o v t lin.Gii quyt vic lm.Nng cao i sng vt cht tinh thn cho cc ng dn,m bo s bnh n trong pt t nc-Cc huyn o do s bit lp vi cc mi trg xung quanh,li do c DT nh nn rt nhy cm trc tc ng ca con ngi. * ngha ca vic khng nh ch quyn ca nc ta i vi cc o v qun o -Vic khng nh ch quyn ca nc ta i vi cc ov qun o c ngha l c s khng nh ch quyn ca nc ta i vi vng bin v thm L quanh o -H thng tin tiu bo v t nc -H thng cn c nn KT nc ta hng ra bin trong thi i mi,khai th c hiu qu cc ngun li vng bin hi o v thm lc a. *Tng cng hp tc vi cc nc lng ging trong gii quyt vn v bin v thm lc a. -Bin ng l bin chung gia VN v nhiu nc lng ging,nn tng cng vic i thoi,hp tc gia VN v cc nc c lin quan nhm :+To s pt n nh trong khu vc+Bo v li ch chnh ng ca Nh ncv nhn dn ta,gi vng ch quyn,ton vn lnh th ca nc ta.. -Mi cng dn VN u c bn phn bo v vng bin v hi o ca t nc,cho hm nay v cho cc th h mai sau.
.PHN V :CC VNG KINH T TRNG IM

Cu 86: Phm vi ,vai tr *Bao gm phm vi ca nhiu tnh,thnh ph & ranh gii c th thay di theo thi gian tu thuc vo chin luc pt KT-XHca t nc.Tn cc tnh & thnh ph ca mi vng (t lt) *Vai trC ngha quyt nh i vi nn KT c nc ;c t trong GDP ln trong tng GDP ca quc gia; c tc pht trin KT cao v c th h tr cho cc ngnh khc,c kh nng thu ht cc ngnh mi v CN v dch v t nhn rng ra ton quc Cu 87:Vng kinh t trng im l g ?nu c im chnh ca vng kinh t trng im. a/Vng inh t trng im l vnghi t y nht cc iu kin pt & c ngha quyt nh i vi nn kt c nc.b/c im chnh :-Bao gm phm vi ca nhiu tnh,thnh ph & ranh gii c th thay di theo thi gian tu thuc vo chin luc pt KT-XHca t nc.Tn cc tnh & thnh ph ca mi vng (t lt)-Hi t y cc th mnh,tp trung tim lc Kt&hp dn cc nh u t.-c t ttng GDP ln trong tng GDP ca quc gia;-c tc pht trin KT cao& c th h tr cho cc ngnh khc,-c kh nng thu ht cc ngnh mi v CN v dch v t nhn rng ra ton quc Cu 88 Qu trnh hnh thnh v thc trng pht trin a)Qu trnh hnh thnh*Pha Bc u thp k 90 ca th k XX :HN, HYn, HDng HPhng, QNinh.Sau nm 2000Thm 2 tnh:-Vnh Phc- Bc Ninh. *Min Trungu thp k 90 ca th k XXTha Thin Hu- Nng- Qung Nam- Qung Ngi. Sau nm 2000Thm tnh Bnh nh*Pha Namu thp k 90 ca th k XXTP. H Ch Minh- ng Nai- B Ra Vng Tu.Sau nm 2000Thm 4 tnh: Bnh Phc- Ty Ninh- Long An- Tin Giang b)Thc trng pht trin: Trong Ch s Ba vng Pha Bc Min Trung Pha N Tc tng trng trung bnh (2001-2005) (%) 11,7 11,2 10,7 11,9 % GDP so vi c nc2007 66,9 20,9 5,6 35,4 (Biu tlttang30) C cu GDP (%) phn theo ngnh:2007 (tlt) 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0

- Nng- lm- Ng nghip. 10,5 11,1 22,5 9,5 - Cng nghip- xy dng 52,5 45,4 37,5 49,1 - Dch v 37,0 43,5 40,2 41,4 % kim ngch xut khu so vi c nc 64,5 27,0 2,2 35,3 Cu89:c im ca ba vng kinh t trng im v so snh cc th mnh pt KTca 3 vng KTT a) Vng kinh t trng im pha Bc. -Vng ny c DTgn 15,3 nghin` km2(4,7%DT t nhin c nuc) vi dn s hn 13,7 triu ng. 2006 (16,3% s dn c nuc),bao gm 7 tnh,thnh ph(Vnh phc,HN,HY,HD,HP,Bc Ninh,Qung Ninh) , ch yu thuc BSH.-Tim nng: y hi t tung i y cc th mnh pt KT-XH.+V tr th H Ni l trung tm...+C ng GT:H thng ng st t NH to i cc hng(t lt).H thng GT ng b dy c,quan trong nht quc l 5 & 18 l tuyn GT gn kt ca Bc B v cm cng HP- Ci Ln.+Lao ng di do,cht lung cao.+Nhiu ngnh KT c u th pt /C nn vn minh la nc lu i ./ Nhiu ngnh cng nghip truyn thng (pt sm v c ngha quc gia). /Dch v du lch c nhiu iu kin pht trin. - Phung hung+Cng nghip:y mnh cc ngnh CNtrng im,nghnh c hm lung k thut cao, khng gy nhim mi trung,to ra sn phm c sc cnh tranh trn th trng ;Pht trin khu CN +Dch v:ch trng thung mi& cc hot ng dv khc nht l du lch.+Nng nghip :chuyn dch c cu ngnh theo hung a dng ho& sn xut hng ho cht lung cao; y mnh nui trng thu hi sn ,tng cung nh bt hi sn xa b. b) Vng kinh t trong im min Trung. - Din tch gn 28 nghn km2 ( hn 8,4% DTt nhin c nuc vi s dn 6,3 triu ngui, nm2006( 7,4% s dn c nuc) bao gm 5 tnh ,thnh ph t Tha Thin - Hu n Bnh nh.N,QNam,QNgi -Tim nng+V tr chuyn tip cc vng pha B-Nam trn quc l 1& ng st B-N+Quc l 1A & ung st TNht,sn bay Nng,Ph Bi,Chu Lai.+Ca ng ra bin ca T Nguyn&nc bn Lo. +Th mnh k thc tng hp ti nguyn bin,ksn,nui trng thu sn,ch bin N-L-Tsn. - Phng hung+Hnh thnh cc ngnh CNtrng im c li v ti nguyn& th trung nh lc ho du ng tu SXhng tiu dng xkhu,cbin thc phm+Ptrin ngun nhn lc,nng caodn tr tin hnh o to li Llng Lnhm p ng nhu cu pt nhanh ca vng.+Phtrin cc vng chuyn SXhng ho nnghip tsn.+ymnh pt thungmi& dv-dlch.+Tngcng XD CSHT,cbit l mng lui GTVT c, Vng kinh t trng im pha Nam - Vng c DTgn 30,6 nghn km2(hn 9,2% DTt nhin c nc)s dn 15,2 triu ngi,2006(18,1 % s dn c ton quc)gm 8 tnh v thnh ph ch yu thuc ng Nam B.(TPHCM,B Ra-Vng Tu, Bnh Dng,Bnh Phc,Ty Ninh,Long An,Tin Giang. -Tim nng+y l khu vc bn l gia TNguyn,Duyn Hi NTBvi BSCL,tp trung y cc th mnh v t nhin,KT-XH+C v tr tli cho giao lu,ptrin kt+Nhiu u th v t nhin/Tim nng du kh ln nht c nuc:Nhiu m du v m du thm lc a /Nhiu t ba dan,t xm ph sa c t/li hnh thnh vng chuyn canh cy CNln nht nuc/ kh hu xch o gi ma nng m. +Th mnh v KT-XH:/Dn c ng,ngun L di do,c cht lng/C s h tng CSVC-KT ptrin mnh ng b&tt /C tim lc kt mnh nht& trnh pt KT cao nht c nc:Chim t trng ln nht v cng nghip, gi tr xut nhp khu ca c nuc .Tp trung vn u t nc ngoi . - Phng hng+Tip tc duy tr&ptrin cc ngnh cnghip c bn,CN trng im,CNcng ngh cao +Hnh thnh cc khu CNtp trung,khu ch xut thu ht vn u t trong v ngoi nc+y mnh p trin hn na cc hot ng dch v:tmi,tn dng,ngn hng,du lch cho tung ng vi v th ca vng +Hon thin&buc u hin i ho h thng kt cu h tng,nht l xy dng cc tuyn giao thng huyt mnh ; nng cp sn bay , cng bin , h thng thng tin lin lc , mng li in , nc

d/ So snh cc th mnh pht trin kinh t ca 3 vng kinh t trng im? Tiu Pha Bc Min Trung Pha Nam ch Din tch 15,3 nghn km2 27,9 nghn km2 30,6 nghn km2 % so vi 4,6 Gn 8,4 Trn 9,2 c nc Dn s (2006) 13,7 triu ngi 6,3 triu ngi 15,2 triu ngi % so vi 16,3 7,5 18,1 c nc V tr chuyn tip Bc-Nam- - Bn l gia TNguyn, - V tr th HN Quc l 1A& ng duyn hi NTBvi BSCL -Quc l 5& 18 l st TNht,sn -Tim nng du kh ln tuyn GT gn kt bay nht c nc c Bc B & cm Nng,PhBi, Chu -Vng chuyn canh cy cng HP- Ci Ln Lai-Ca ng ra cng nghip ln nht nc ta. ca Ty -Tp trung nhiu Lk -L di do,cht l- bin Tim ng cao -C nn Nguyn v nc bn thut cao nng vn minh la nc Lo. - Chim t trng ln nht - Th mnh khai v cng nghip gi tr lu i. -Nhiu ngnh CN thc tng hp ti xut nhp khu ca nc ta. nguyn bin, -CSVC-KT&CSHTphttrin truyn thng. -Dch vDLang khong sn, nui mnh. trng thu sn, - Tp trung vn u t nc ptrin mnh ch bin nng -L- ngoi. Tsn Mt s php tnh ton thng gp trong khi x l s liu Ch tiu n v Cng thc 2 Mt dn c Ngi /km Dn s Mt = Din tch Sn lng tn hoc nghn tn hoc Sn lng=Nng sut xDin tch triu tn Nng sut kg/ha hay t/ha hoc Sn lng tn/ha Nng sut = Din tch Bnh qun thu nhp Nghn ng/ngi hoc Tng thu nhp U SD/ngi BQ thu nhp= S dn Bnh qun sn lng lng thc kg/ngi Sn lng lng thc BQsn lng= S dn

Tnh c cu (%) T % tnh s liu tuyt i Tnh tc tng trng Ly nm gc 100%, tnh cc nm k tip T sut gia tng dn s t nhin

% Theo s liu gc % % Tg(%) =

Tng phn x 100

Tng th Ly tng th x s % S thc ca nm sau x 100 ri chia s thc ca nm gc (Nm gc l nm u ca bng s liu) S(%0 )-T(%0 )

10 Cn cn xut nhp khu Triu ng hoc U SD S l t sut sinh,T l t sut t Cn cn XNK=XK-NK XK :gi tr xut khu NK : gi tr nhp khu iukinpt ngnh tsn *T nhin: -Vng bin..-tr lng hi sn..-B bin,vng vnh,bi tm,bi c..Cc ng trng..-DT mt nc..-Kh hu.. *KT_XH -Dn c,truyn thng.. -C s VC-KT..-CSHT -Vn u t -Chnh sch.-Th trng -Cc nhn t khc

Cc nhn t nh hng n s pt Kt
iu kin t nhin,ti nguyn -V tr -a hnh -t -Kh hu -Nc(sng..) -Khang sn -Ti nguyn khc iu kin KT-XH -Dn c -C s VC-KT -CSHT -Vn u t -Chnh sch -Th trng -Cc nhn t khc

Cc nguyn nhn KT pht trin -Kt qu ca cng cuc i mi nn KT -nh hng ca xu th ton cu ha -nh hng ca cuc cch mng khoa hc k thut TGl nguyn nhn quan trng nht.. -Nc ta m ca,hi nhp vi cc nc ang tin hnh qu trnh CNH-HH, th ha