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Crane and Hoist Safety: PUBH 3310 November 13, 2009
Crane and Hoist Safety: PUBH 3310 November 13, 2009
Objectives
Know hazards associated with cranes Become familiar with common types of industrial and construction cranes Understand rigging basics, including the importance of sling angle Be familiar with methods of controlling crane hazards and preventing accidents
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Outline
Crane Hazards Crane types
Industrial cranes Construction cranes Rigging (and sling angle)
Controlling hazards
Inspections and training Power lines Equipment failure and crane stability Other
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Crane Hazards
Over 250,000 cranes in operation
125,000 in construction 80,000 general and maritime
80 fatalities per year One death per thousand crane operators in their working lifetime (45 years) Risk to citizens and other workers
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Crane Types
"Industrial cranes
Overhead Gantry Jib
"Construction cranes
Mobile Tower Derricks
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Industrial Cranes
Overhead Cranes
Common in industrial facilities Supported by overhead rails Components Bridge Trolley Hoist Often pendant or remote operated Easy to use, little training required, no stability problems
Industrial Cranes
Gantry cranes
Similar to overhead cranes, but supported by a mobile frame which travels on the ground
Small (1000 10,000 pound capacity) gantry crane Large (600 ton capacity) gantry crane
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Industrial Cranes
Jib cranes
Pivot mounted boom with trolley and hoist
Industrial Cranes
Power hoist
Usually electric or air operated
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Construction Cranes
Tower cranes
Variable height climbing cranes Used for building construction
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Construction Cranes
Mobile cranes
Crawler cranes Truck cranes Hydraulic cranes Boom telescopes May have jib
Hydraulic Cranes
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Hydraulic Cranes
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Construction cranes
Derricks
Boom angle changes to adjust horizontal distance Often used in shipyards, building construction, etc.
Gin pole Chicago boom Stiff-leg Etc.
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Mine-shaft rescue using a gin pole derrick improvised from an extension ladder Stiff-leg construction derrick
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Hay derrick
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Rigging
Rigging: The hardware and equipment used to safely attach a load to a lifting device
Wire rope
Usually a "core" member to increase flexibility Fiber Core (FC) Wire Strand Core (WSC) Independent Wire-rope Core (IWRC)
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Rigging
Fittings, sheaves
Shackles Blocks Sockets Hooks
May have safety latch
Eyes Turnbuckles
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Rigging
Always use rigging to connect the load to the hook Materials
Wire rope Fabric Chain
Slings
Rigging
Sling angle
Stress on sling legs varies with the angle Divide the load by the number of sling legs, and divide by sin of 2000 lbs the angle
For a two-legged sling, 2000 lb load and 60 degree, stress = 1155 lbs on the sling leg
2 legs
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Testing Records
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Sigalarm 24
Warning label
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Assure a level and stable base for the crane Comply with load charts Weight Boom angle and extension Only vertical loads Wind can cause a significant side load
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Load Chart
Load charts inside the cab include Structural capacity and tipping limits for the crane Capacity is highest for short radius over front loads with outriggers extended.
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Load Chart
Rear Over Radi us
18.8' Boom 24' Boom 29.8' Boom 18.8' Boom
Over Side
24' Boom 29.8' Boom 18.8' Boom
Over Front
24' Boom 29.8' Boom
6 8 10 12 15 18 20
65,600* 57,250* 50,760* 44,970 33,180 25,960 56,510* 49,230* 43,250* 33,290 26,250 22,940 47,060* 41,310* 33,350 26,310 23,010
65,600* 57,250* 50,760* 45,540* 39,370 27,540 56,510* 49,230* 43,250* 37,090 28,370 22,910 47,060* 41,310* 35,080 28,490 23,030
66,720* 61,150* 52,520* 46,390* 39,620 27,540 56,510* 49,230* 43,250* 37,090 32,471 29,820 47,060* 41,310* 35,080 30,730 28,430
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16,910
13,030
15,330
11,870
23,770
16,750
Boom collapse
Inspection Stable base No overloading No horizontal loading
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Outrigger Use
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Falls
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Links
Managing Mobile Crane Hazards
http://www.elcosh.org/en/document/96/d 000104/managing-mobile-cranehazards.html
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