2013/2/26

GII THIU V H THNG CN B KIM SOT NHIM (PCM) V KINH NGHIM CA NHT BN

Hip hi (cng ty) Kim sot Mi trng Cng nghip (JEMAI) IKEDA SHIGERU

Ni dung chnh
1. Bi cnh p dng h thng Ngi kim sot nhim mi trng (PCM) 2. Tng quan v h thng Ngi kim sot phng chng nhim mi trng 3. Qu trnh p dng h thng PCM cc nc chu

1. Bi cnh p dng h thng PCM

Nc sng v bin b nhim en, c cht hng lot Khng c nh my chp thun yu cu ngng x nc thi, ng dn xng vo nh my 105 ngi b thng nng v nh

Ng dn biu tnh v nc thi en t nh my sn xut giy (Tokyo, nm 1958)

Mi trng ngy cng nhim

(Khong nm 1960-70)

 v kin ln i bi thng thit hi do nhim

V kin vi khon bi thng cc ln

Bnh NiigataMinamata Bnh Itai-itai

Bnh NiigataNm 1967 khi kin Minamata Nm 1971 pha ngi dn thng kin Bnh suyn Nm 1967 khi kin Yokkaichi Nm 1972 pha ngi dn thng kin Bnh Itai-itai Nm 1968 khi kin Nm 1971 pha ngi dn thng kin Bnh Minamata Nm 1969 khi kin Nm 1973 pha ngi dn thng kin

Bnh Minamata

Bnh suyn Yokkaichi

1.2
1967 1968 1970 1970 1971 1971 nh

Cc b lut v vn bn php qui chnh

Lut c bn v Kim sot nhim Lut Kim sot nhim khng kh K hp Quc hi v phng chng nhim Lut Kim sot nhim nc Cc Mi trng Lut B tr b my kim sot nhim cc nh my ch

Th tng Eisaku Sato: Pht trin phi i km vi phc li x hi. Mt x hi pht trin vi qui m v tc nhanh chng nh Nht Bn cn tch cc ch n vic bo v mi trng "
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4 yu t cn thit bo v mi trng
H thng php quy

Quy ch x thi Quy ch khung

u t cho cc c s phng chng nhim

Phng chng nhim cng nghip Qun l mi trng

Ngun nhn lc Cng ngh o to v Tp hun H thng PCM

Pht trin Ph bin

Gii hn ca bin php php ch (1)

Hnh pht (bng tin) ch c tc dng tm thi Doanh nghip d cho rng c vi phm ch cn khng b pht hin l c Khng khuyn khch doanh nghip a ra gii php gim thiu nhim hn so vi tiu chun qui nh kin ci tin ca cn b mi trng nh my khng c truyn t n nh kinh doanh Khng c lin kt gia cc nh my trong cng ngnh v khng tch ly c k thut v kinh nghim ci tin
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Gii hn ca bin php php ch (2)

Mc d cng ch bng cc vn bn php qui nhng cng tc phng chng nhim mi trng ca cc doanh nghip vn tr tr. Mt trong cc nguyn nhn l do thiu b my phng chng nhim mi trng Cng tc phng chng nhim mi trng ti cc nh my l ngun gy nhim c nhiu hng mc qun l v mt k thut

Nhn thc v tm quan trng ca h thng ngi kim sot phng chng nhim mi trng

Lut v ngi kim sot phng chng nhim mi trng

6/1971

Quy nh bng lut php ngha v b tr b my kim sot phng chng nhim B tr b my kim sot phng chng nhim trong cc nh my ch nh (l ngun pht sinh nhim) Cn b lnh o v phng chng nhim l ngi chu trch nhim ti cao v phng chng nhim trong nh my Ngi kim sot phng chng nhim l ngi chu trch nhim k thut v phng chng nhim Ngi kim sot phng chng nhim c chng ch cp nh nc v kin thc lut v k thut Thng qua vic t chc b my phng chng nhim, doanh nghip c th thc hin hiu qu cng tc phng chng nhim

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2. Tng quan v h thng ngi kim sot phng chng nhim mi trng (PCM) Nht Bn
*1
Ngi lnh o kim sot phng chng nhim mi trng

*2
Ngi ph trch chnh v kim sot phng chng nhim mi trng

Gim st v qun l cc cng vic lin quan n phng chng nhim mi trng trong nh my H tr lnh o gim st phng chng nhim mi trng, ch o ngi kim sot phng chng nhim mi trng (Chng ch quc gia)

*3
Ngi kim sot phng chng nhim mi trng

*1 *2 * * *

Cc cng vic mang tnh k thut phng chng nhim mi trng nh nhim khng kh, nhim ngun nc, v.v Khng cn nu ch c 20 nhn vin tr xung (Chng ch quc gia)

Phi b nhim nu l nh my quy m ln. Pollution Control Manager (PCM) Cn tuyn chn ngi i din Sau khi tuyn chn phi bo cho i din chnh quyn a phng

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Nh my ch nh l i tng p dng h thng PCM

(1) Ngnh ngh (2) C s pht sinh nhim mi trng

1) Ngnh ch to 2) Ngnh cung cp in 3) Ngnh cung cp kh gas 4) Ngnh cung cp nhit

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

Khi (Sox, khi bi, v.v) Nc thi Ting n Chn ng Bi Aming Dioxin (DXNs)

Cht lng nc: Nh my x thi nc thi ra khu vc nc cng cng

Nh my ch nh

Ni dung nhim v ca b my kim sot phng chng nhim

Nguyn liu Nhin liu Thit b sn xut Thit b x l Nc thi Kh thi

1. Nhim v ca cn b lnh o phng chng nhim Phi l ngi qun l cao nht ca nh my Gim c nh my
Gim st phng php s dng thit b c pht sinh nhim Qun l, bo tr thit b x l Ch o quan trc v ghi kt qu v nc thi ra bin php ng ph tnh hung khn cp v s c

2. Nhim v ca ngi kim sot phng chng nhim Phi l ngi c chng ch do nh nc cp Kim tra nguyn vt liu Kim tra c s pht sinh nhim Vn hnh, kim tra v bo dng c s x l Quan trc v ghi chp v nc thi Kim tra v bo dng, sa cha thit b quan trc Thc hin cc bin php trong trng hp khn cp, xy ra s c

Ngi lao ng trong nh my phi tun th yu cu ca ngi kim sot phng chng nhim

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Phng php cp chng ch

K thi quc gia Khng cn trnh bng cp khi ng k d thi Ph d thi: khong 60 USD Kha o to cp chng ch Cn chng ch tham gia L lch hc tp v kinh nghim thc t Chng ch k thut Hc ph: khong 160 USD ~ 420 USD

Bui hng dn ca kha hc u tin

Bui hng dn ca kha hc u tin c t chc ti ging ng i hc Nippon (Ryogoku Kokugikan c) vi khong 7.000 ngi tham d kha o to v cht lng nc.

Kha hc cp chng ch
Ngoi phng php thi trong k thi quc gia, c th nhn chng ch ngi kim sot phng chng nhim mi trng bng phng php tham d kha hc cp chng ch PCM JEMAI t chc cc kha hc ny sau khi ng k vi chnh ph
Cn p ng iu kin tham d kha hc Qu trnh hc tp v kinh nghim lm vic thc t Chng ch k thut Thi gian kha o to khong 15~35 gi Phi k thi kt thc kha hc

Bin ng s lng ngi thi k thi quc gia, s lng ngi hon thnh kha hc cp chng ch
40000

35000

30000

= Ngi thi k thi quc gia (330.000 ngi) = Ngi hon thnh kha hc cp chng ch (250.000 ngi)

Phn loi chng ch Khng kh loi 1 ~ 4 Cht lng nc loi 1~4 Ting n, rung Cc loi i--xin Bi thng thng Bi c th Ngi chu trch nhim chnh Tng (1971-2011)

Ngi thi 83.638 157.566 62.509 11.352 5.515 454 12.379 333.413

% 25 47 19 3,4 1,7 0,1 3,7

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

0 71 '73 '75 '77 '79 '81 '83 '85 '87 '89 '91 '93 '95 '97 '99 '01 '03 '05 '07 '09

K thut vin c chng ch ang lm vic: 200.000 ngi (c tnh) S lng nh my ch nh: 28.000 Ngi kim sot phng chng nhim mi trng c tuyn chn, np n: 68.500

Xu hng vi nm gn y: Ngi thi k thi quc gia: 5.000 ngi/nm Ngi hon thnh kha hc cp chng ch: 2.500 ngi/nm 17

H qu ca h thng ngi kim sot nhim mi trng

Thay i nhanh chng nhn thc v bo v mi trng ca doanh nghip so vi cc bin php cng ch hoc khiu kin u t cho vic phng chng nhim ca doanh nghip gia tng Pht trin nhiu cng ngh a dng bo v mi trng Cn b k thut c o to trong nh my v hnh thnh c s k thut cho chnh sch phng chng nhim

S lng v vic nhim cng nghip nghim trng gim r rt vo gia thp nin 80

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 PCM @ Thailand: Environmental Supervisor System

(water, air, industrial waste) 1999

@ West Java, Indonesia: Environmental Pollution

Control Manager System (water, air) 2003

@ China (in Preparing): Enterprise Environmental

Supervisor System (water, air, solid waste) 2006

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B my kim sot mi trng cc nc

Ngi chu trch nhim kim sot mi trng Gim st vin mi trng Ngi vn hnh k thut (a) Thi

Ngi chu trch nhim hng u v kim sot mi trng Ngi kim sot nhim mi trng Ngi vn hnh k thut (b) Bang Ty Java Indonesia

Ngi lnh o kim sot mi trng doanh nghip Ngi kim sot mi trng doanh nghip

(c) Trung Quc

Ngi chu trch nhim kim sot mi trng, ngi chu trch nhim hng u v kim sot mi trng, ngi lnh o kim sot mi trng doanh nghip c chc nng v nhim v tng ng vi ngi lnh o kim sot phng chng nhim mi trng Nht Bn; cn gim st vin mi trng, ngi kim sot nhim mi trng, ngi kim sot mi trng doanh nghip c chc nng v nhim v tng ng vi ngi kim sot phng chng nhim mi trng Nht Bn

JAPAN

TAILAND

INDONESIA

CHINA

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