Sexual Reproduction in Animals

Male Gamete sperm

Gonad testes Many sperm cells

Female Gamete egg Gonad ovary Few to many eggs - oogenesis

Egg cells are (n) haploid/monoploid

- spermatogenesis
Sperm cells are(n) haploid/monoploid

Sperm *Smaller *Swims through liquid *Head, middle, & tail (flagellum)

Egg *Larger than a body cell *Cannot move on its own *Round shape

Fertilization
Sperm nucleus enters the egg and moves to the egg nucleus. The 2 nuclei join together and then form a zygote.

External Fertilization *outside the body

Animals that breed in the water Many hazards in the environment
Sperm and egg may not meet Eggs or offspring may be eaten May die due to environmental conditions
Temperature Oxygen level

 Large number of sperm and egg are released to overcome hazards Hormones control behavior to have sperm and egg released at the same time.

Internal Fertilization *within the female body

Land animals

Some aquatic animals

Shark Octopus

 Requires specialized sex organ to carry sperm to body of female Watery environment needed for sperm to swim to the egg

 After fertilization, zygote is enclosed in a protective shell and released OR remains and develops in female body

Zygote Turtle laying eggs

 Internal Fertilization
Fewer eggs needed Well protected Increased chance of fertilization Parthenogenesis development of unfertilized egg into an adult.- Bees & Wasps