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net

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PHNG TRNH LNG GIAC.
A:L THUYET .
1/Phng trnh lng giac c ban .
Sin u = sin v

+ =
+ =


2
2
k v u
k v u
( k Z )
Cos u = cos v u = v + k2. ( k Z )
tgu = tgv u = v + k ( k Z )
cotgu = cotgv u = v + k ( k Z )
2/ Phng trnh ac biet :
sinx = 0 x = k , sinx = 1 x =
2

+ k2 ,sinx = -1 x = -
2

+ k2
cosx = 0 x =
2

+ k , cosx = 1 x = k2 , cosx = -1 x = + k2 .
3/ Phng trnh bac nhat oi vi sinx va cosx .
La phng trnh co da ng : acosx + bsinx = c (1)hay asinx + bcosx = c (2).
trong o a
2
+ b
2
0
Cach 1: acosx + bsinx = c ) cos( .
2 2
+ x b a = c vi
2 2
cos
b a
a
+
=
asinx +bcosx = c ) sin( .
2 2
+ + x b a = c vi
2 2
cos
b a
a
+
= .
Cach 2 :
Xet phng trnh vi x = + k , k Z
Vi x + k at t = tg
2
x
ta c phng trnh bac hai theo t :
(c + b)t
2
2at + c a = 0 hay (c + b )t
2
2at + c b = 0.
Chu y : pt(1) hoac pt( 2) co nghiem a
2
+ b
2
- c
2
0 .
Bai tap :Giai cac phng trnh sau:
1. 2 sin cos 3 = x x , 2. 1 sin 3 cos = x x
3. x x x 3 sin 4 1 9 cos 3 3 sin 3
3
+ = , 4.
4
1
)
4
( cos sin
4 4
= + +

x x
5. ) 7 sin 5 (cos 3 5 sin 7 cos x x x x = , 6. ) cos 3 (sin 4 cot 3 x x gx tgx + =
4/ Phng trnh ch cha mot ham so lng giac :
Phng trnh ch cha mot ham so lng giac la phng trnh co dang : f[u(x)] = 0
vi u(x) = sinx hay u(x) = cosx hay u(x) = tgx hay u(x) = cotgx.
at t = u(x) ta c phng trnh f(t) = 0 .
Bai tap: Giai cac phng trnh sau:
a. 2cos
2
x +5sinx 4 = 0 , b. 2cos2x 8cosx +5 = 0
c. 2cosx.cos2x = 1+cos2x + cos3x d. 2(sin
4
x + cos
4
x) = 2sin2x 1
e.sin
4
2x + cos
4
2x = 1 2sin4x f. x
x
2
cos
3
4
cos =

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5/ Phng trnh ang cap theo sinx va cosx :
a/ Phng trnh ang cap bac hai : asin
2
x +b sinx cosx + c cos
2
x = 0 .
Cach 1 :
Xet phng trnh khi x =
2

+ k .
Vi x
2

+ k chia hai ve cua phng trnh cho cos

2
x roi at t = tgx.
Cach 2: Thay sin
2
x =
2
1
(1 cos 2x ), cos
2
x =
2
1
(1+ cos 2x) ,
sinxcosx =
2
1
sin2x ta c phng trnh bac nhat theo sin2x va cos2x .
b/ Phng trnh ang cap bac cao :
Dung phng phap at an phu t = tgx sau khi a xet phng trnh trong trng hp x =
2

+ k ,kZ.
Bai tap :
1. 2sin
2
x 5sinx.cosx cos
2
x = - 2
2. 3sin
2
x + 8sinxcosx + ( 8 3 - 9)cos
2
x = 0
3. 4sin
2
x +3 3 sin2x 2cos
2
x = 4
4. 6sinx 2cos
3
x = 5sin2x.cosx.
6/ Phng trnh oi xng dang : a( cosx + sinx ) + b sinxcosx + c = 0 .
at t = cosx + sinx , ieu kien 2 2 t khi o sinxcosx =
2
1
2
t

Ta a phong trnh a cho ve phng trnh bac hai theo t .
Chu y : neu phng trnh co dang :a( cosx - sinx ) + b sinxcosx + c = 0
at t = cosx - sinx , ieu kien 2 2 t khi o sinxcosx =
2
1
2
t

Bai tap : giai cac phng trnh sau :
1. 3(sinx + cosx ) +2sin2x + 3 = 0
2. sin2x 12( sinx cosx ) = -12
3. 2(cosx + sinx) = 4sinxcosx +1
4. sin2x 12( sinx + cosx )+12 = 0
5. cosx sinx 2sin2x 1 = 0
7/ Cac phng phap giai phng trnh lng giac thng dung :
Cac bc giai mot phng trnh lng giac:
B1: Tm ieu kien (neu co) cua an so e hai ve cua phng trnh co ngha
B2: S dung cac phep bien oi tng ng e a phng trnh a cho ve phng trnh a
biet cach giai .
B3: Giai phng trnh va chon phu hp.
B4: ket luan
a/ Phng phap1: Bien oi pt ve phng trnh a biet cach giai
b/ Phng phap 2: Bien oi phng trnh a cho ve dang tich1 so .
c / Phng phap3: Bien oi phng trnh ve dang co the at an phu.
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B. BAI TAP PHNG TRNH LNG GIAC TRONG CAC E THI:
I . PHNG PHAP AT AN PHU
Bai 1: Giai cac phng trnh sau :
1/ cos 2x + 3cosx +2 = 0 , 2/ 2+ cos 2x = - 5sinx , 3/ 6 4cos
2
x 9sinx = 0,
4/ 2cos 2x + cosx = 1 , 5/ 2tg
2
x + 3 =
x cos
3
, 6/ 4sin
4
+12cos
2
x = 7
Bai 2 : giai cac phng trnh sau :
1/ 4(sin3x cos 2x ) = 5(sinx 1) . HD : at t =sinx
2/ x
x
2
cos
3
4
cos = S : x = k3 , x=
4

+k3 , x =
4
5
+k3
3/ 1+ sin
2
x
sinx - cos
2
x
sin
2
x = 2cos
2
(
4

2
x
) S: sinx =1 v sin
2
x
= 1
4/ 1+ 3tgx = 2sin 2x HD : at t = tgx , S : x = -
4

+ k
5/ 2cos 2x 8cosx + 7 =
x cos
1
S : x = k2 , x =
3

+k2
6/ sin2x(cotgx +tgx ) = 4cos
2
x S : cosx = 0 , cos 2x =
2
1

7/ 2cos
2
2x +cos 2x = 4sin
2
2xcos
2
x
8/ cos 3x cos 2x = 2
9/ 4sinx + 2cos x =2 + 3tgx HD :at t = tg
2
x

10/ sin2x+ 2tgx = 3
11/ sin
2
x + sin
2
3x = 3cos
2
2x HD :at t =cos 2x


12/ tg
3
( x -
4

) = tgx - 1 S : x = k v x =
4

+ k
13/ sin 2x cos 2x = 3sinx + cosx 2 HD : a ve phng trnh bac hai theo sinx.
14/ sin2x + cos 2x + tgx = 2 S : x =
4

+ k
15/ cos3x 2cos 2x + cosx = 0
II. PHNG TRNH ANG CAP BAC n THEO SINX ,COSX.
Giai cac phng trnh sau :
1/ sin
2
x + 2sin 2x 3 +7cos
2
x = 0 .
2/ cos
3
x sin
3
x = cosx + sinx.
3/ sinxsin2x + sin3x = 6cos
3
x
4/ sin
3
x + cos
3
x = 2( sin
5
x + cos
5
x ) S : x=
4

+
2
k

5/ sin
3
(x -
4

) = 2 sinx S : x =
4

+k
6/ 3cos
4
x sin
2
2x + sin
4
x = 0 S :x =
3

+ k v x=
4

+
2
k

7/ 3sin
4
x +5cos
4
x 3 = 0 .
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8/ 6sinx 2cos
3
x = 5sin 2x cosx

III. PHNG TRNH OI XNG PT PHA N OI XNG .
Giai cac phng trnh sau :
1/ cos
3
x + sin
3
x = sin 2x + sinx + cosx 2/ 2cos
3
x + cos 2x +sinx = 0
3/ 1 + sin
3
x + cos
3
x =
2
3
sin2x 4/ 6( cos x sinx ) + sinxcosx + 6 = 0
5/ sin
3
x cos
3
x = 1 + sinxcosx 6/
3
10
cos sin
sin
1
cos
1
= + + + x x
x x

7/ tgx + tg
2
x + tg
3
x + cotgx+cotg
2
x +cotg
3
x = 6 8/
x
2
sin
2
+ 2tg
2
x + 5tgx + 5cotgx + 4 = 0
9/ 1 + cos
3
x sin
3
x = sin 2x 10/ cos
3
x sin
3
x = - 1
11/ 2cos 2x + sin
2
x cosx + cos
2
x sinx = 2( sinx + cosx ).


IV.PHNG TRNH TCH VA PHNG TRNH LNG GIAC KHAC .
Giai cac phng trnh sau:
1/ sin 2x +2cos2x = 1 + sinx 4cosx 2/ sin 2x cos 2x = 3sinx +cosx 2
3/ sin
2
x + sin
2
3x 3cos
2
2x = 0 4/ cos3x cos
3
x sin3xsin
3
x = cos
3
4x +
4
1

5/ sin
4
2
x
+ cos
4
2
x
= 1 2sinx 6/ cos3x 2cos 2x + cosx = 0
7/ sin
6
x + cos
6
x = sin
4
x + cos
4
x 8/ sin
4
x + cos
4
x cos
2
x = 1 2sin
2
x cos
2
x
9/ 3sin3x - 3 cos 9x = 1 + 4sin
3
x. 10/
x
x
x x
sin
cos 1
sin cos
=

+

11/ sin
2
)
4 2
(

x
tg
2
x cos
2
2
x
= 0 12/ cotgx tgx + 4sinx =
x sin
1

13 / sinxcosx + cosx = - 2sin
2
x - sinx + 1 14 / sin 3x = cosxcos 2x ( tg
2
x + tg2x ) .
15/ 3 2 cos )
2 sin 2 1
3 sin 3 cos
(sin 5 + =
+
+
+ x
x
x x
x 16/ sin
2
3x cos
2
4x = sin
2
5x cos
2
6x
17 / cos3x 4cos2x +3cosx 4 = 0. 18/
x
x x
x tg
4
2
4
cos
3 sin ) 2 sin 2 (
1

= +
19/ tgx +cosx cos
2
x = sinx (1+tgx.tg
2
x
) 20/ cotgx 1 = x x
tgx
x
2 sin
2
1
sin
1
2 cos
2
+
+

21/ 3 tgx(tgx + 2sinx)+ 6cosx = 0 22/ cos2x + cosx(2tg
2
x 1) = 2
23/ cotgx tgx +4sin2x =
x 2 sin
2
24/ ) sin 1 ( 2
cos sin
) 1 (cos cos
2
x
x x
x x
+ =
+


25/ cotgx = tgx +
x
x
2 sin
4 cos 2
26/ x
x
x x
cos
3
1
sin 2
2
cos
2
sin
3 3
=
+

27/ tg2x tgx =
3
1
cosx.sin3x 28/ (sinx + cosx)
3
- 2 (sin2x +1) +sinx +cosx 2 = 0
29/ 0
cos
2 cos 3 9 sin 6 2 sin 4
2 2
=
+
x
x x x
30/ sin
2
x + sin
2
2x + sin
2
3x = 2
Phng trnh lng giac Gv: Phan ang Phi & http://www.toanthpt.net

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31/ 1 + sinx +cosx +sin2x +cos2x = 0 32/
x tg
x x
x x
2
8
13
sin cos
cos sin
2 2
6 6
=

+

33/ tg2x + cotgx = 8cos
2
x 34/ sinx+sin2x+sin3x - 3( cosx +cos2x+cos3x )
=0
35/ sin
4
x + cos
4
x cos2x +
4
1
sin
2
2x = 0 36/ 4cosx 2cos2x cos4x = 1
37/ 2cosx.cos2x.cos3x + 5 = 7cos2x 38/ (cos4x cos2x)
2
= 5 + sin3x
39/ sinx.sin2x +sin3x = 6cos
3
x HD :at t = tgx. 40/ sin
2
2x cos
2
8x = sin(10x +
2
17
)
41/ 2cos
3
x + cos2x +sinx = 0 42/ cos
3
3x.cos2x cos
2
x = 0
43/ 1+ sinx + cosx +sin2x + cos2x = 0 44/ cos
4
x + sin
4
x + cos(x -
4

)sin(3x -
4

)-
2
3
= 0
45/ 5sinx 2 = 3(1 sinx ) tg
2
x 46/ (2cosx 1)(2sinx + cosx) = sin2x cos2x
47/ cotgx tgx + 4sin2x =
x 2 sin
2
48/ sin
2
(
4 2

x
)tg
2
x cos
2
2
x

49/ cox + cos2x + cos3x = sinx +sin2x + sin3x . 50/ cos3x + sin7x = 2sin
2
(
4

+
2
5x
) 2cos
2
2
9x

51/ sin
3
x +sinxcosx = 1- cos
3
x 52/ sin3x + cos2x = 2(sin2xcosx 1)
53/ 4cosx 2cos
2
x cos2x cos4x = 0 , 54/ 1
2 cos 1
2 sin
=
+
+
x
x

55/ 2(cos
4
x sin
4
x) + cos4x cos2x = 0, 56/ 2(cos
4
x + sin
4
x) = cos( x 2
2

)
57/ 2cosxcos2x = 1+ cos2x +cos3x 58/ 4(cos
4
x + sin
4
x) + 3 sin4x = 2
59 / sin2x + cos2x = 1 - 3 sin2x +2 3cos
2
x 60/ cos
4
x + sin
4
x cos2x +
4
1
sin
2
2x = 0 ,
61/ cos3x 4cos2x +3cosx 4 = 0 62/ cos7x +sin8x = cos3x sin2x ,
63/ sin2x + 2 2 cosx +2sin(x+
4

)+3 = 0 64/ 0
sin 2 2
cos sin ) sin (cos 2
6 6
=

+
x
x x x x

65/ cotgx + sinx(1+tgxtg
2
x
) = 4 66/ 1
1 cos sin 2
1 2 sin sin 2 3 sin 2
2
=
+
+ +
x x
x x x

V. CC BI TON C CHA TAM S
1/Cho phng trnh 0 2 sin
4
1
2 cos cos sin
2 4 4
= + + + m x x x x . Tm m phng trnh c nghim.
2/ nh m e phng trnh : m
x x
gx tgx x x = + + + + + + )
cos
1
sin
1
cot (
2
1
1 cos sin co nghiem
|

\
|

2
; 0

x
3/ Cho phng trnh: 1 ) cos
cos
2
( ) cos
cos
4
( 2
2
2
= + + x
x
m x
x
.Tm m e phng trnh co nghiem
thuoc ).
2
; 0 (


4/ . Tm tat ca cac gia tr cua m sao cho ta co: R x m x x x x + + , cos . sin cos sin
6 6

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5/ Cho phng trnh : 0 1 ) cot ( 3
sin
3
2
2
= + + + gx tgx m x tg
x
. Tm tat ca cac gia tr cua m e phng
trnh co nghiem