TYPES OF SOLUTIONS

Classifications of IV fluids

Isotonic hypotonic hypertonic

Isotonic solution
when the solution of both sides of selectively permeable membrane have established equilibrium or equal in concentration, they are then isotonic Isotonic solutions are isotonic to human cells and thus very little osmosis occurs.

Isotonic solution
Example: 5% dextrose in water 5% dextrose in 0.225% saline lactated ringers solution

Hypotonic Solution
when a solution contains a lower concentration of salt or solute than other solutions the solution is hypotonic. it has a less salt or more water than an isotonic solution

Hypotonic Solution
Examples of this solution distilled water 0.45% normal saline 0.33% saline 2.5% dextrose

Hypertonic Solution
a solution that has higher concentration of solutes than other solution is a hypertonic solution

Hypertonic Solution
Example of this solution 10% dextrose in water 5% dextrose in 0.9% saline solution 5% dextrose in 0.45% 5% dextrose in lactated ringers solution

Nursing interventions Isotonic

Isotonic solutions expand the intravascular compartment. avoid D5W if the client is at risk of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)

Nursing interventions Hypotonic

. This solution shift the fluid from the intravascular space compartment into the cells hypotonic solutions are contraindicated for clients with increased intracranial pressure also contraindicated for clients at risk of 3rd space fluid shift

Nursing interventions Hypertonic

monitor closely for circulatory overload these solutions are contraindicated for clients who have kidney or heart problems These solutions are contraindicated for clients who are dehydrated