A CATHOLIC CHURCH HISTORY

BRIEF AND CONSCISE

FIRST CENTURY
THE BIRTH OF THE CHURCH
Pentecost St. Paul Council of Jerusalem Evangelization Persecution

SECOND CENTURY
THE CHURCH FATHERS
Writings of the Christian writers
St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch Iranaeus
AGAINST THE HERESIES Fought against Gnosticism

Bishops
Head of diocese (local church) Assisted by priests and deacons

THIRD CENTURY
MARTYRS, APOSTATIZED CATHOLICS, MONASTICISM
Emperor Decius order for all Christians to make public worship to the gods Those who disobey where put to death (martyred) Those who didnt want to die, abandoned the faith (apostatized) Monastic life started in Egypt

FOURTH CENTURY
EMPEROR CONSTANTINE
Edict of Milan
Religious freedom Built basilicas (St. Peters basilica) Backing the production of the Bible Restored the land that were taken away during persecutions Gave the Bishop of Rome, the Pope, the Lateran Palace

FOURTH CENTURY
Arianism
Jesus, though son of God, was created

Council of Nicea
Nicene Creed

Barbarians
Led to the collapse of the empire

The Barbarians
Visigoths Huns Vandals Ostrogoths Lombards Burgundians Franks Germany Gaul (modern France) Italy Roman Africa Spain

410 fall of Rome

FIFTH CENTURY
Pelagius
Grace was not necessary for salvation Council of Orange

Nestorianism
Mary was not the mother of God Council of Ephesus (THEOTOKOS)

St. Augustine Increase in Missionary Activity

Light Spreads out from Rome

Pope Leo I
Ordered the Barbarians in the name of God to respect the Holy City, the Vatican Protected the oppressed, evangelized the victors, gathered up from the ruins all that was good in the Roman heritage:
Language Customs Laws

Vatican became the refuge Europe was won to the Church of Christ

SIXTH CENTURY
Monasticism
St. Benedict Ora et labora

Missionary activities continue

Pagan practices increase

SEVENTH CENTURY
Monasticism spreads
Italy, France, Spain, Africa

Pope Gregory the Great

Roman civil government Monk Papal envoy Pope Rebuilt the City of Rome

The beginning of Islam

Mohammed born in Mecca Jerusalem fell to the Muslims of the known Christian world

EIGHT CENTURY
Islam is stopped
When they set their feet on France, King Charles Martel stopped them

St. Boniface Patrician of Rome

Pepin the Short succeeded his father Charles Martel Pope Stephen II called upon France for help against the Barbarians to defend Central and Southern Italy In gratitude: Pepin Patrician of Rome In return: Central Italy to the papacy

EIGHT CENTURY
Iconoclast Controversy
Eastern Emperor Leo III prohibited the veneration of sacred images because it contradicted the Bible. All sacred images were destroyed But was stopped when Empress Irene took over. Called for the 2nd Council of Nicea restored the ancient practice of veneration of saints.

NINTH CENTURY
Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman Emperor
Alliance between France and the papacy Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor The beginning of the Alliance between Church and State for centuries

TENTH CENTURY
Birth of Feudalism Abuses plagued the Church
Simony: selling and buying of religious offices Nepostism: when a king or lord gave a vacant religious office to one of their relatives Lay Investiture: when a king or Lord would make someone Bishop without the approval of Rome.

ELEVENTH CENTURY
The Great Schism
Eastern and Western Church officially split in 1054 Patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularius and Pope Leo IX excommunicating each other

ELEVENTH CENTURY
EASTERN CHURCH Greek Leavened bread for the Eucharist Allows priests to marry WESTERN CHURCH Latin Unleavened bread Enforced celibacy

ELEVENTH CENTURY
POPES DEAL WITH ABUSES
Pope Leo IX and Gregory VII
Called various gatherings to combat the abuses of the Church Reduced emperors power over papacy and put it back to the hands of Bishops Pope Gregory VII wrote DICTATES which gave the Bishop of Rome supreme authority over the entire Church

THE BEGINNING OF CRUSADES

When Jerusalem fell to the Turks, the Eastern Emperor called for the Pope for help. Urban II responded by calling the Knights of Christendom.

TWELFTH CENTURY
Theology changes
Peter Abelard, a professor and a Theologian Peter Lombard, Bishop of Paris

The Lateran Councils

The first ecumenical councils to take place in the West Lateran I: abuses of lay investiture and simony Lateran II and III: 2/3 majority of votes of Cardinals is needed to elect a Pope

Birth of the Cathedral

THIRTEENTH CENTURY
THE MENDICANT ORDERS
Renounced both possessions and property Francis of Assisi (OFM) Order of Friar Minors Dominic de Guzman (OP) Order of Preachers

POPE INNOCENT III

4TH Lateran Council
Eucharist Education of Priests

THE UNIVERSITY
Bologna, Oxford, Paris Medicine, Law, Theology and Liberal Arts

FOURTEENTH CENTURY
Papacy moves to France
On-going fighting and violence between rival Italian families 1309, Pope Clement V left Rome for Avignon, France util 1376

The Renaissance
Began to take shape in Italy. Recaptured the artistic style of the ancient Romans and Greeks. Literature, sculptures and paintings

The Plague
Black Death spread through Europe 1/3 of population died

FOURTEENTH CENTURY
St. Catherine of Siena
Helped Pope Gregory IX bring back papacy to Rome

Western Schism
Pope Gregory IX died Urban VI was elected Pope French cardinals questioned its legality; when they went back to France, they elected another Pope, Clement VII, who took up residency in Avignon

FIFTEENTH CENTURY
Western Schism
Council of Pisa attempted to end the schism Two Popes were asked to attend the council, Benedict XIII and Gregory XII, but both refused Alexander V was elected Council of Constance requested the resignation of all 3 popes and elected Martin V

St. Joan of Arc

St. Michael, St. Margaret and St. Catherine, small French army against the English at Orleans She was captured by the English and French King Charles put her to trial, found guilty of being a heretic 1456 the Church declared her innocent of all charges

SIXTEENTH CENTURY
Martin Luther
1507, ordained an Agustinian priest Experienced certain doubts and turmoil = Sola Scriptura and Sola Fide 95 theses that questioned and challenged the Catholic Church teachings = revolt Roman Catholicism and Protestantism 1521 Pope Leo X excommunicated him

St. Ignatius of Loyola

Studied at the University of Paris Company of Jesus

SIXTEENTH CENTURY
Council of Trent
Universal Catechism Seminary system

Council of England
Act of Supremacy; King Henry VII made himself head of the Church of England Pope Clement VII refused to grant him a divorce from Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn Excommunicated, took over the Church in England

SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
Missionary Activities
The Jesuits preached in Columbia, Canada, Africa, Japan, America, Florida, Georgia and Texas

Thirty Years War

Emperor Ferdinand of Austria, Germany Purpose: try to re-establish Catholic dominance in Germany Treaty of Westphalia gave Catholics and Protestants equality before the laws in Germany

SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
Period of Enlightenment
A movement founded on science and reason Jansenism
Bishop Cornelius Jansen; Agustinus
God gave grace only to those who wished to be saved Opposed to frequent communion, confession, sanits and Mary

Gallicanism
Fueled by kings and monarchs to limit the power of the papacy and put that power in the hands of the government

EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
French revolution
French officials pushed for government reform which included taking power away from the reigning monarch, King Louis XVI = bloody revolution The state sought to control the affairs of the Church by electing priests and bishops The French government implemented the Civil Constitution of the clergy ; put the clergy under the control of the state.

Catholicism in America
Bishop John Caroll
Marylands first Bishop Diocese of Baltimore

Junipero Serra
Franciscan Missionary nine mission coasts of California

NINETEENTH CENTURY
Catholic American Church
Three councils in Baltimore Baltimore catechism Parochial school systems

Elizabeth Seton
A mother of five, became Catholic upon the death of her husband, founded the Sisters of Charity

John Neumann
Bishop of Philadelphia Founded many parishes and parochial schools

NINETEENTH CENTURY
Pius IX and Vatican I
The Italian government stripped the Pope of its property in an attempt to unify Italy. Papal estates were reduced to Vatican City Prisoner of the Vatican Called for 1st Vatican Council
Immaculate Conception The Syllabus of Errors to attack liberalism Papal Infallibility

Pope Leo XIII

Rerum Novarum to counter Industrial Revolution

TWENTIETH CENTURY
Pope Pius X
Released a decree promoting and encouraging all Catholics to receive Holy Communion daily Eucharistic Pope

Pius XII
Guided the Church through World War II Assisted those in need including Jews from Nazi aggression Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary

TWENTIETH CENTURY
Vatican II
John XXIII opened 21st Ecumenical Council Vatican II 3 years ; 16 documents to guide, unit, renew and modernize the Church

John Paul II
The 1st non-Italian Pope elected in 1978, after 456 years Karol Wojtyla from Cracow Poland Published the Catechism of the Catholic Church New Code of Canon Law