"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/GR/0109 12.02/EN February, 2000

Section 2

Introduction

Introduction 2-1

Objectives

Main characteristics of the Radio Interface

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:

- Cite the type of information carried on the Radio Interface - Define a physical channel - List and briefly describe the impairments on the radio interface

PE/TRD/GR/0109 12.02/EN

February, 2000

Introduction

2-2

The Needs

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

TRAFFIC SIGNALING

NETWORK

AIR

Um Radio Interface Air

PE/TRD/GR/0109 12.02/EN February, 2000 Introduction 2-3

Signaling Needs

Dedicated Signaling
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SYS INFO

Broadcast Signaling

PE/TRD/GR/0109 12.02/EN

February, 2000

Introduction

2-4

Time and Frequency Multiplexing

Frequency multiplexing
890 MHz

UPLINK

915 MHz 935 MHz

DOWNLINK

960 MHz

Frequency
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Time multiplexing

TDMA frame
TS TS TS TS TS TS TS TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 frames repeated continuously
0 4.615 ms

Time-Slot

Time

A physical channel = the recurrence of one TS on a given TDMA frame

PE/TRD/GR/0109 12.02/EN February, 2000 Introduction 2-5

Propagation Delays

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M2

d2

d1>>d2

M1

BTS Frame reference

TS0

TS1

TS2

TS3

TS4

TS5

TS6

TS7

Propagation Delay tp

Bits Overlapping
MSs transmit

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February, 2000

Introduction

2-6

Signal Degradation (1/4)

Loss of Signal Strength
EXAMPLE: 900 MHz band free space
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Path Loss - 91.5 dB

Path Loss - 97.5 dB

Path Loss - 111.5 dB

1 km 2 km

10 km

PE/TRD/GR/0109 12.02/EN

February, 2000

Introduction

2-7

Signal Degradation (2/4)

Fading

Slow fading Signal level (dB) Path loss

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Fast fading Log (distance)

Time or distance
PE/TRD/GR/0109 12.02/EN February, 2000 Introduction

frequency

obstructions
2-8

Signal Degradation (3/4)

Multipath Propagation

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BTS Multipath propagation

Mobile

PE/TRD/GR/0109 12.02/EN

February, 2000

Introduction

2-9

Signal Degradation (4/4)

Doppler Shift Transmitted signal
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Time

Received signal

Time
Negative shift
PE/TRD/GR/0109 12.02/EN February, 2000 Introduction

Time Positive shift

2-10

Check Your Learning

1- What are the Radio Interface needs?

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

2- Which kinds of multiplexing techniques are used in GSM?

3- What is the Time Slot duration?

4- What is a physical channel?

5- What are the impairments encountered by the signal?

PE/TRD/GR/0109 12.02/EN

February, 2000

Introduction

2-11

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

PE/TRD/GR/0109 12.02/EN February, 2000 Introduction 2-12