Cu 1.

Chng minh h thng c nh ngha bi quan h:

=
=
n
k
k x n y ) ( ) (
l mt h thng tuyn tnh.
Cu 2.
Chng minh rng h thng c nh ngha bi quan h:
y(n) = x(M.n)
vi - < n < v M l mt s nguyn dng khng phi l mt h thng bt bin
Cu 3. Tnh t tng quan ca dy x(n) = u(n) u(n 4).
Cu 4.
Xt trng hp tn hiu l tng ca hai hm m thc:
x(n) = (1/2)
n
u(n) - (-3)
n
u(-n-1) (*)
Tnh bin i Z.
Cu 5.
Xc nh bin i Z ca tn hiu x(n) = na
n
u(n).
Cu 6. Gi s x(n) c bin i z l:

vi ROC l |z| > 1. Tm x(n).
Cu 7.
Hy xc nh dy nhn qu x(n) c bin i z l:

Cu 8.
Hy xc nh dy x(n) m bin di z ca n l:

Cu 9.
Hy xc nh bin i Z ngc ca:

khi: (a) ROC l |z| > 1 (b) ROC l |z| < 0.5

Cu 10.
p ng xung ca mt h thng LTI ngh l h(n) = a
n
u(n), vi |a| < 1. Hy xc nh
p ng ca h thng vi tn hiu vo l tn hiu nhy bc n v khi n .
Cu 11.
Xc nh v v ph mt nng lng Sxx() ca tn hiu :
x(n) = a
n
u(n) vi -1 < a < 1, c th : a = 0,5 v a = -0,5

Cu 12.
Xc nh tn hiu x(n), bit rng ph ca n l :

Cu 13.
Xc nh bin i Fourier v ph mt nng lng ca dy

th ca tn hiu ny c v trong hnh v

Cu 14.
Xc nh bin i Fourier ca tn hiu

Cu 15.
Xt mt dy c chiu di hu hn L c nh ngha nh sau :

Xc nh DFT N im ca dy ny vi N L
Cu 16.
Hy xc nh tn hiu ra ca h thng c p ng xung l :

Vi tn hiu vo l 1 dy hm m phc :
Cu 17.
Hy xc nh bin v pha ca H(e) cho mt h thng c biu din bi
quan h vo ra nh sau :

V v th ca 2 hm ny vi 0 s e s t.
Cu 18.
Hy xc nh p ng ca h thng c p ng xung l :

vi tn hiu vo l :

Cu 19.
Cho mt h thng LTI c c t bi p ng xung :

Xc nh ph v ph mt nng lng ca tn hiu ra, khi h thng c kch
thch bi tn hiu :

Cu 20
Xc nh v v th p ng bin , p ng pha ca h thng FIR c c
t bi phng trnh sai phn:


5.1 Loi cu 4 im (10 cu)

Cu 1. Cho mt h thng LTI c p ng xung l :

tn hiu vo l: x(n) = a
n
u(n). Tnh p ng y(n) ca h thng, vi N> 0 v |a| <1.
Cu 2. Xc nh p ng vi tn hiu vo x(n) = 0 ca mt h thng c m t bi
phng trnh sai phn tuyn tnh h s hng bc 2 nh sau:
y(n) - 3y(n-1) - 4y(n-2) = 0
Cu 3.
Tm p ng y(n), vi n 0, ca h thng c m t bi phng trnh sai phn
tuyn tnh h s hng bc hai nh sau:
y(n) - 3y(n-1) - 4y(n-2) = x(n) + 2x(n-1)
tn hiu vo l: x(n) = 4
n
u(n). Hy xc nh nghim ring ca pt.
Cu 4.
Tm p ng y(n), vi n < 0, ca h thng c m t bi phng trnh sai phn
tuyn tnh h s hng bc hai
y(n) - 3y(n-1) - 4y(n-2) = x(n) + 2x(n-1)
x(n) = 4
n
u(n) vi iu kin u l y(-1) = y(-2) = 0.
Cu 5.
Hy xc nh tng quan cho rxy(n) ca 2 dy sau:
x(n) = { , 0, 0, 2, -1, 3, 7, 1, 2, -3, 0, 0, }
y(n) = { , 0, 0, 1, -1, 2, -2, 4, 1, -2, 5, 0, 0, }
Cu 6.
Xc nh bin i Z ca tn hiu:
(a) x(n) = (cose0n)u(n)
(b) x(n) = (sine0n)u(n)
Cu 7.

Cu 8.
Xc nh p ng vi hm nhy bc n v ca h thng c m t bi phng
trnh sai phn tuyn tnh h s hng sau:
y(n)=0,9y(n-1) - 0,81y(n-2) + x(n)
vi cc iu kin u nh sau:
(a) y(-1) = y(-2) = 0
(b) y(-1) = y(-2) = 1
Cu 9
Xt tn hiu : x(n) = a
n
u(n) , 0 < a < 1 ph ca tn hiu ny c ly mu cc
tn s (k =, k = 0, 1, ..., N-1. Xc nh ph c khi phc vi a=0,8 khi N=5
v N = 50.
Cu 10.
Mt h thng LTI c m t bi phng trnh sai phn nh sau :
y(n) = ay(n-1) + bx(n), 0 < a < 1
(a) Xc nh bin v pha ca p ng tn s ca h thng.
(b) Chn tham s b sao cho gi tr cc i ca |H()| l n v, v th |H()|
v Z H() vi a = 0,9.
(c) Xc nh p ng ca h thng vi tn hiu vo l :


























6. P N
6.1 Loi cu 3 im (20 cu)
Cu 1.


= a.y1(n) + b.y2(n) vi a v b l cc hng s bt k.
Vy h thng ny l mt h thng tuyn tnh.
Cu 2.
Chng minh:
Gi y1(n) l p ng ca tc ng x1(n), vi x1(n) = x(n nd), th:
y1(n) = x1(Mn) = x(Mn nd)
Nhng: y(n-nd) = x[M(n-nd)] ( y1(n)
Ta thy x1(n) bng x(n) c dch nd mu, nhng y1(n) khng bng vi y(n) trong
cng php dch . Vy h thng ny khng l h thng bt bin, tr khi M = 1.

Cu 3.
Gii:
Cch tnh t tng quan bng th c trnh by trong hnh v.




Cu 4.
Gii:


X(z) hi t, hai tng trong pt (*) phi hi t, iu kin l:
|(1/2)z-1| < 1 v |(-3)-1z| < 1 hay |z| > 1/2 v |z| <3 . V vy, ROC l min 1/2 < |z|
< 3. th cc-zero v ROC c trnh by trong hnh 2. V:





Cu 5.
Gii:
t x1(n) = a
n
u(n), ta c x(n) = nx1(n) . Ta bit:


Cu 6.
Gii:
T ROC ca X(z), ta thy x(n) l mt dy bn phi. V M = N v tt c cc cc u
l bc nht. Ta c th biu din X(z) di dng sau.
(H s B0 c tm bi php chia a thc t s cho a thc mu s)

X(z) c vit li:
t , ta s khai trin Xht(z) thnh tng ca 2 phn thc n
gin, cc h s
A1 v A2 c tnh nh sau:



p dng tnh cht tuyn tnh, ta c:
x(n) = 2o(n) 9 (1/2)
n
u(n) + 8 u(n)

Cu 7.
Gii: Ta thy X(z) c mt nghim kp bc 2 ti z = 1, ta vit li X(z) di dng:

Cc h s A v C2 c th tnh c mt cch d dng nh sau:

tnh C1, ta vit li:

p dng phng php tra bng kt hp vi cc tnh cht tuyn tnh, vi phn trong
min z, vi x(n) l mt dy nhn qu, ta thu c:
X(n) = (-1)
n
u(n) + u(n) + n u(n) = [ (-1)
n
+ + n/2]u(n)

Cu 8.
Ta thy X(z) cng c dng hm hu t, nhng ch c mt cc l z = 0, Ta c th
khai trin thnh mt chui ly tha nh sau:


Cu 9.
Gii:
(a) T ROC ca X(z) ta thy x(n) l mt dy bn phi. V vy , ta s tm mt khai
trin chui ly tha vi s m m. Bng cch chia t cho mu xp theo s m
m dn, ta c:

Ta c:


(b) T ROC ca X(z), ta thy x(n) l mt dy bn tri. V vy, ta phi thc hin
php chia sao cho thu c khai trin ly tha dng ca z. Mun vy, ta xp
cc a thc t s v mu s theo th t sao cho ly tha ca z-1 gim dn (tc
s m t m dn cho n 0). Ta thc hin php chia nh sau:




Ta thu c:



Cu 10.
Gii:
p ng ca h thng l:
y(n) = h(n)*x(n)
vi : x(n) = u(n). R rng, nu ta kch thch mt h thng nhn qu vi mt tn hiu
vo nhn qu th tn hiu ra cng nhn qu. V x(n), h(n) v y(n) u l cc dy
nhn qu, nn bin i Z mt pha v bin i Z hai pha l ng nht. p dng tnh
cht chp ta c:

V |a| < 1 nn ROC ca (z-1)Y(z) cha vng trn n v. p dng nh l gi tr
cui, ta c:

Cu 11.
Gii
Bin i Z ca x(n) l: X(z) = , vi ROC : z> a
V |a|< 1 nn ROC ca X(z) cha vng trn n v, v vy bin i Fourier
tn ti. Ta thay z = e
j
c c bin i Fourier ca x(n), l :



Mt ph nng lng :
Ta thy Sxx(-) = Sxx().
Hnh 3 v tn hiu x(n) v ph tng ng vi a = 0,5 v a = -0,5. Ta
thy vi a=-0,5 tn hiu bin i nhanh hn v kt qu l ph ca n tp
trung vng tn s cao.

Cu 12.

Gii :
Ta c :

Khi n = 0, ta c :
Vy:
Cp bin i Fourier c minh ha trong hnh v. Ta thy, x(n) l mt tn
hiu c nng lng hu hn v Ex =.


Cu 13.
Gii :
Tn hiu cho l tn hiu kh tng tuyt i tht vy :

Do bin i Fourier ca n tn ti. Hn na, y l mt tn hiu c nng
lng hu hn, ta tnh c Ex = A
2
L
Bin i Fourier ca tn hiu c th c tnh nh sau :

Cho = 0, ta c X(0) = AL (dng qui tc LHospital)
Ph bin ca x(n) l :

Hnh v trnh by ph bin v ph pha ca tn hiu vi A = 1
v L=5 ph mt nng lng ch l bnh phng ca ph bin .


Cu 14.
Gii :
R rng x(-n) = x(n). Vy x(n) l mt tn hiu thc v chn.




V X() l thc, nn ph bin v pha c tnh nh sau :




Cu 15.
Gii :
Bin i Fourier ca dy ny l :


Bin v pha ca X() c v trong hnh v vi L = 10. DFT N im ca
x(n) n gin l gi tr ca X() ti tp N tn s k =, k = 0,1, ..N-1 , vy :

Nu N c chn sao cho N = L, th DFT tr thnh :



Cu 16.
Gii :
p ng tn s :


Cu 17.
Gii :
p ng xung ca h thng l :

p ng tn s (s dng tnh cht dch trong min thi gian)

Kt qu :





Cu 18.
Gii :
p ng tn s ca h thng c cho trong phng trnh

S hng u tin ca tn hiu vo l mt tn hiu hng, c tn s = 0, tn s
ny:

Vy p ng ca h thng vi tn hiu vo x(n) l :


Cu 19.
Gii :


Cu 20.

Gii :

th ca p ng bin v p ng pha ca h thng ny



6.2 Loi cu 4 im (10 cu)
Cu 1.
Gii:

- Vi n < 0: Hnh 1(a). trnh by hai dy x(k) v h(n-k) trong trng hp n < 0 (vi
N = 4 v n = -3). Ta thy trong trng hp ny, cc thnh phn khc 0 ca x(k) v
h(n-k) khng trng nhau, v vy:
y(n) = 0, vi mi n < 0.
- Vi 0 n < N-1: Hnh 1(b). trnh by hai dy x(k) v h(n-k), trong trng ny, ta
thy:
x(k).h(n-k) = a
k
nn:

Ta thy, y(n) chnh l tng (n+1) s hng ca mt chui hnh hc c cng bi l a, p
dng cng thc tnh tng hu hn ca chui hnh hc, l:


Hnh 1: Cc dy xut hin trong qu trnh tng chp. (a);(b);(c)Cc dy x(k) v h(n-k) nh
l mt hm ca k vi cc gi tr khc nhau cu n (ch cc mu khc 0 mi c trnh by );
(d) Tng chp y(n) = x(n) * h(n).
- Vi (N-1) < n: Hnh 1(b). trnh by hai dy x(k) v h(n-k), tng t nh trn ta
c: x(k).h(n-k) = ak


Cu 2.
Gii:
Ta bit nghim ca pt c dng: yh(n) =
n
, thay vo pt, ta thu c:

n
- 3
n-1
- 4
n-2
= 0 hay
n -2
(
2
- 3

- 4) = 0
v phng trnh c tnh l: (
2
- 3 - 4) = 0
Ta c 2 nghim 1 = -1 v 2 = 4, nghim ca phng trnh thun nht c dng tng
qut l:
yh(n) = C1
n
1 + C2
n
2 = C1(-1)
n
+ C2(4)
n

p ca h thng vi tn hiu vo bng 0 c th thu c bng cch tnh gi tr cc
hng s C1 v C2 da vo cc iu kin u. Cc iu kin u c cho thng l
gi tr ca p ng cc thi im n=-1; n = -2;...; n = -N. y, ta c N=2, v cc
iu kin u c cho l y(- 1) v y(-2), ta thu c:
y(0) = 3y(-1) + 4y(-2)
y(1) = 3y(0) - 4y(-1) = 13y(-1) + 12y(-2)
Ta c:
y(0) = C1 + C2
y(1) = -C1 + 4C2
Suy ra: C1 + C2 = 3y(-1) + 4y(-2)
-C1 + 4C2 = 13y(-1) + 12y(-2)
Gii h 2 phng trnh trn ta c:
C1 = (-1/5)y(-1) + (4/5)y(-2)
C2 = (16/5)y(-1) + (16/5)y(-2)
Vy p ng ca h thng khi tn hiu vo bng 0 l:
yh(n) = [(-1/5)y(-1) + (4/5)y(-2)](-1)
n
+ [(16/5)y(-1) + (16/5)y(-2)](4)
n

Gi s, y(-2)=0 v y(-1)=5, th C1=-1 v C2 =16. Ta c:
yh(n) = (-1)n+1 + (4)n+2 , vi n > 0

Cu 3
Gii:
Nghim ca phng trnh sai phn thun nht cho h thng ny nh trong cu hi 3.:
yh (n) = C1(-1)
n
+ C2(4)
n

Nghim ring ca c gi thit c dng hm m: yp(n) = K(4)
n
u(n). Tuy nhin
chng ta thy dng nghim ny c cha trong nghim thun nht.V vy,
nghim ring ny l tha ta khng xc nh c K. Ta chn mt dng nghim ring
khc c lp tuyn tnh vi cc s hng cha trong nghim thun nht. Trong trng
hp ny, ta x l ging nh trng hp c nghim kp trong phng trnh c tnh.
Ngha l ta phi gi thit nghim ring c dng: yp(n) = Kn(4)
n
u(n). Th vo pt:
Kn(4)
n
u(n) - 3K(n-1)(4)
n-1
u(n-1) - 4 K(n-2)(4)
n-2
u(n-2) = (4)
n
u(n) + 2(4)
n-
1
u(n-1).
xc nh K, ta c lng phng trnh ny vi mi n 2, ngha l vi
nhng gi tr ca n sao cho hm nhy bc n v trong phng trnh trn khng b
trit tiu. n gin v mt ton hc, ta chn n = 2 v tnh c K = 6/5. Vy:
yp(n) = (6/5)n(4)
n
u(n)

Cu 4
Gii:
Nghim tng qut ca pt l:
y(n) = yh(n) + yP(n) = C1(-1)n + C2(4)n + (6/5)n(4)
n
, vi n0 vi cc
iu kin u l cc gi tr y(-1) = y(-2) = 0, ta tnh y(0) v y(1) v thnh lp c h
phn trnh:
C1 + C2 = 1
-C1 + 4C2 + 24/5 = 9
suy ra: C1 = -1/25 v C2 = 26/25.
Cui cng ta thu c p ng y(n) ca h thng vi cc iu kin u bng 0, vi
tn hiu vo l x(n) = (4)nu(n) c dng:


Cu 5
Gii:
Theo nh ngha ta tnh rxy vi tng gi tr n

- v0(k) = x(k)y(k) = {, 0, 0, 2, 1, 6, -14, 4, 2, 6, 0, 0,}
Sau ly tng tt c cc mu ca v0(k), ta c: rxy(0) = 7
- Vi n > 0, ta dch y(k) sang phi n mu, tnh tch vn(k) =x(k)y(k-n) v sau
cng tt c cc mu ca vn(k), ta thu c:
rxy(1) = 13 rxy(2) = -18 rxy(3) = 16 rxy(4) = -7
rxy(5) = 5 rxy(6) = -3 v rxy(n) = 0, vi n 7
- Vi n < 0, ta dch y(k) sang tri n mu, tnh tch vn(k) = x(k)y(k-n) v sau
cng tt c cc mu ca vn(k), ta thu c:
rxy(-1) = 0 rxy(-2) = 33 rxy(-3) = 14 rxy(-4) = 36
rxy(-5) = 19 rxy(-6) = -9 rxy(-7) = 10 v rxy(n) = 0, vi n-8
Kt qu tng quan cho ca hai dy x(n) v y(n) l:
rxy(n) = {, 0, 0, 10, -9, 19, 36, -14, 33, 0, 7, 13, -18, 16, -7, 5, -3, 0, 0,}

Cu 6
Gii:
(a) Tn hiu x(n) c th c biu din bi cc hm m phc theo cng thc Euler:

Sau mt s thao tc i s c kt qu:

(b) Tng t , tn hiu x(n) c th c biu din bi cc hm m phc theo cng
thc Euler:

p dng tnh cht tuyn tnh, ta c:

Sau mt s thao tc i s c kt qu:




Cu 7


ng cong kn C nm trong ROC ca X(z) nn c bn knh ln hn |a|.
- Vi n 0, C bao quanh mt cc duy nht ti z = a, ta c:

kt qu l: x(n) = a
n


- Vi n < 0 , c cc kp bc n ti z = 0.
- Khi n = -1, c 2 cc trong C l z = a v z = 0

Kt qu l x(-1) = a-1 - a-1 = 0
- Khi n = -2, c 1 cc n z = a v mt cc kp bc 2 ti z = 0 trong C.

Kt qu l x(-2) = 0
Tnh tip tc vi n = -3, -4, -5, ta thy x(n) = 0, vi mi n < 0.
Vy, kt qu cui cng l: x(n) = a
n
u(n).

Cu 8
Gii:


p ng trng thi zero:

(a) V iu kin u bng 0 nn y(n) = yzs(n).
(b) Vi iu in u y(-1) = y(-2) = 1, thnh phn thm vo trong bin i z l:

Kt qu, p ng tn hiu vo bng 0 l:
Trong trng hp ny, p ng tng c bin i z l:
Y(z) = Yzs(z) + Yzi(z)

Ly bin i z ngc ta c p ng tng:


Cu 9
Gii :
Bin i Fourier ca dy x(n) l :
Thay a = 0,8 v e = ek = , ta c :
Dy tun hon xp(n) tng ng vi cc mu X(), k = 0, 1, ..., N-1
vi n = 0, 1, ..., N-1
Kt qu c minh ha trong hnh v vi N = 5 v N = 50. c s so snh,
dy nguyn thy x(n) v ph ca n cng c v. nh hng ca hin tng
chng mu kh r trong trng hp N = 5. Trong trng hp N=50 nh hng
do s chng mu rt yu v kt qu x(n) ~ x(n), vi n=0, 1, 2, ..., N-1.





Cu 10
Gii :
p ng xung ca h thng l :
h(n) = ba
n
u(n)
V |a|< 1, nn h thng l BIBO, v vy H() tn ti

(b) V tham s a l dng, mu s ca |H()| ca tiu khi = 0. Vy
|H()| s ca i ti = 0. tn s ny ta c :


u (t) = 0
Tn hiu ra ca h thng l :