Bao Cao Do An

N MN HC
GVHD: Nguyn Thanh Bnh

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MC LC
A.PHN M U
I. t vn ..............................................................................................................1
II. Gii hn ca ti.................................................................................................1
B. PHN NI DUNG
Chng I. Gii thiu chung v cc phng php thc hin............................................5
Chng II.Gii thiu cc linh kin trong mch...............................................................7
I. IC x l trung tm 89C51.......................................................................................7
1. S chn vi iu khin 89C51.........................................................................7
2. Cu trc bn trong ca vi iu khin 89C51.......................................................9
a. S khi bn trong vi iu khin 89C51.......................................................9
b. T chc b nh................................................................................................9
II. Kho st IC 78XX.................................................................................................18
a. cu trc bn trong v s chn...........................................................18
b. Chc nng ca cc chn...................................................................................19
2.Kho st IC TPIC 6B595.............................................................................19

a. S chn........................................................................................................19
b. Cu trc bn trong ca IC TPIC 6B595...........................................................20
c. Hot ng ca IC TPIC 6B595 thng qua dng sng......................................21
d. Cc thng s ca IC TPIC 6B595....................................................................21
3. Kho st IC ULN2803.............................................................................21
a. S chn........................................................................................................21
b. Thng s ca IC ULN 2803.............................................................................22
4. Kho st transistor A1015...................................................................................22
a. S chn........................................................................................................22
b. Trng thi hot ng........................................................................................23
c. Thng s ca transistor A1015........................................................................23
5. Led ma trn 8x8.................................................................................................24
a. Cu trc v s chn ca led.........................................................................24
b. Thng s ca led..............................................................................................25
SVTH: Hunh Hng Hi L Quc Thnh t

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Chng III. Thit k mch............................................................................................26

I. Mch iu khin.....................................................................................................26
1. Thit k mch iu khin....................................................................................26
2. Tht k khi cng sut hng..............................................................................27
3. Thit k khi ngun............................................................................................27
4. S mch in..................................................................................................28
a. S mch nguyn l......................................................................................28
b. S mch in..................................................................................................29
II. Thit k khi qut v khi hin th........................................................................30
1. C s l lun.......................................................................................................30
2. S nguyn l..................................................................................................30
3. S mch in.....................................................................................................31
Chng IV.Thit k phn mm v thi cng.....................................................................32

I. Thit k phn mm.................................................................................................32
1. Lu chng chnh chnh................................................................................32
2. Chng trnh cho vi iu khin..........................................................................35
II. Kt qu thi cng....................................................................................................36
C. PHN KT LUN....................................................................................................37

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A. PHN M U
I.T VN :
Ngy nay vi s pht trin vt bc ca khoa hc k thut, v gp phn rt

ln cho s pht trin phi k n cng ngh in t.
Nh s pht trin ca cng ngh in t m t bit l cng ngh vin thng

gip ch rt nhiu cho cuc sng ca con ngi. ci m chng ta d dng nhn thy
nht chn hn nh cp nht thng tin qua mng hng dn cho mi ngi lu thng
trn ng mt cch d dng hn hay l nhng bng qung co nhiu mu rc r th hin
nhiu ni dung c th thay i dc m chng ta thng thy trong cc ca hng hay l
cc khch sn ln, hay l cc bng thng tin th hin t gi trong ngn hng c th cp
nht thng tin qua mng internet
C nhiu cch hin th thng tin. Nhng nhng bng th hin ni dung
thng tin bng in li gy nhiu n tng v tc ng mnh n ngi xem nht.
Cc bin bo th hin ni dung cn truyn t trn gi l mch quang

bo, bao gm c phn iu khin v phn hin th.
II.GII HN CA TI:
C nhiu cch v phng n thc hin mt mch quang bo.

mch iu khin ta c th thit k :
S dng thanh ghi kt ni vi nhau v cc linh kin khc iu khin.
u im: ch thit k phn cng khng c phn mm.
Khuyt im: phn cng phc tp, th hin t ni dung
S dng vi iu khin.
u im: phn cng n gin, c th th hin v thay i nhiu ni dung
mt cch linh hat. Khi cn thay i ni dung ch cn thay i chng trnh iu
khin
Khuyt im: phn mm phc tp.
S dng eeprom:
u im: phn cng n gin, d lp trnh
Khuyt im: vi s ng ra c nh v t nn kh khn trong

vic kt ni vi cc h thng ln.
Phn hin th: c nhiu thit b hin th nh n

220V, n 12V hay 24V, led hin th ma trn, led nvv.
Trong ti thit k mch quang bo s dng

vi iu khin 89C51 v hin th bng led ma trn ny ch trnh by mt cch khi qut v
vi iu khin 89C51. Ni dung hin th ca bng quang bo mun thay i c th phi
thay i chng trnh np cho vi iu khin, dn n kh khn trong mun thay i ni
dung hin th.
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B. PHN NI DUNG
CHNG I: GII THIU CHUNG V CC
PHNG PHP THC HIN
Nh cp mt cch tng qut trn thit k mt mch quang bo

th c rt nhu cch: dng IC ri, vi iu khin v giao tip my tnh, efprom.
Nu dng cc IC ri th phn cng iu khin rt phc tp, bng qung co

t sinh ng. khi mun thay i kiu hin th th pho thay i phn cng.
Nu dng Efprom th ga thnh r d thit k phn cng, chng trnh vit

tng i d dng hn vi iu khin, khi thay i cch hin th ta ch cn thay i chng
trnh np cho epprom nhng ni dung ca bng quang bo khng thay i c.
Nu dng vi iu khin v led ma trn hin th th ni dung ca bng

quang bo c th thay i d dng hn, nhng chng trnh vit cho vi iu khin li kh
phc tp hn so vi vic lp trnh cho efprom.
T nhng phn tch trn ta c th thy c mch quang bo s dng vi

iu khin v led ma trn ph hp vi mc yu cu ca n mn hc phn 1.
cng l l do em chn ti ny.
S khi mch quang bo:
KHI NGUN
KHI CNG
SUT HNG
KHI IU
KHIN
KHI QUT CT
KHI NGUN

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KHI HIN
TH
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Chc nng ca cc khi:

Khi ngun: m bo cung cp ngun vi dng in cung cp cho tan mch
nhng bn thn n khng b qu dng.
Khi iu khin: gm vi iu khin c nhim v xut tn hiu iu khin khi
qut v khi cng sut cung cp s iu khin cho led ma trn.
Khi qut ct: nn tn hiu iu khin qut ct cho led ma trn bao gm cc
thanh ghi dch 8 bit.
Khi cng sut hng: khuych i dng v p do vi iu khin xut ra hin th
d liu cho led.
Khi hin th: bao gm cc ma trn led 8x8 ghp ni li vi nhau. Nhn tn hiu
t b khuch i cng sut hin th ni dung thng tin ca bng quang bo.

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CHNG II:GII THIU CC LINH KIN TRONG

MCH
I. IC X L TRUNG TM 89C51:
1. S chn 89C51:
89S51 l IC vi iu khin (Microcontroller) do hng Intel sn xut. IC ny c c
im nh sau:
4k byte ROM,128 byte RAM ni.
4 Port I/O 8 bit.
2 b m/ nh thi 16 bit.
Giao tip truyn d liu ni tip.
64k byte b nh bn ngoi dung lu chng trnh iu khin.
64k byte b nh bn ngoi dung lu d liu.
210 bit c th truy xut tng bit..
C cc lnh x l bit.
S lc v cc chn ca 89C51:
Hnh 2-1. S chn 89C51

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Chc nng ca cc chn 89C51:

Port 0: t chn 32 n chn 39 (P0.0 _P0.7). Port 0 c 2 chc nng: trong cc thit k
c nh khng dng b nh m rng n c chc nng nh cc ng IO, i vi thit k
ln c b nh m rng n c kt hp gia bus a ch v bus d liu.
Port 1: t chn 1 n chn 8 (P1.0 _ P1.7). Port 1 ch c chc nng dung lm cc
ng iu khin xut nhp IO
Port 2: t chn 21 n chn 28 (P2.0 _P2.7). Nu khng dng b nh m rng bn
ngoi th port 2 dng lm cc ng iu khin IO.Nu dung b nh m rng bn ngoi
th port 2 c chc nng l bus a ch cao A0 A15.
Port 3: t chn 10 n chn 17 (P3.0 _ P3.7). Port 3 l port c 2 chc nng.Cc chn
port ny c nhiu chc nng , cc cng dng chuyn i c lin h c bit ca 89C51
nh bng sau:
Bit
Tn
Chc nng chuyn i
P3.0
RXD
Ng vo nhp d liu ni tip.
P3.1
TXD
Ng xut d liu ni tip.
P3.2
/INT0
Ng vo ngt cng th 0.
P3.3
/INT1
Ng vo ngt cng th 1.
P3.4
T0
Ng vo ca TIMER/ COUNTER th 0.
P3.5
T1
Ng vo ca TIMER/ COUNTER th 1.
P3.6
/WR
P3.7
/RD
Tn hiu iu khin ghi d liu ln b nh

ngoi.
Tn hiu iu khin c b nh d liu ngoi.
Bng 2-2. Chc nng cc chn ca Port 3

PSEN (Program store enable):
PSEN l tn hiu ng ra chn 29 c tc dng cho php c b nh chng trnh
m rng thng c ni n chn OE\ ca Eprom cho php c cc byte m lnh.
PSEN mc thp trong thi gian 89C51 ly lnh. Cc m lnh ca chng trnh
c c t Eprom qua bus d liu, c cht vo thanh ghi lnh bn trong 89C51
gii m lnh. Khi 89C51 thi hnh chng trnh trong EPROM ni PSEN mc logic 1.
ALE (Address Latch Enable):
Khi 89C51 truy xut b nh bn ngoi, Port 0 c chc nng l bus a ch v d
liu (AD7 AD0) do phi tch cc ng d liu v a ch. Tn hiu ra ALE chn
th 30 dng lm tn hiu iu khin gii a hp cc ng a ch v d liu khi kt
ni chng vi IC cht.
Tn hiu chn ALE l mt xung trong khong thi gian port 0 ng vai tr l a ch
thp nn cht a ch hon ton t ng.
EA\ (External Access):
Tn hiu vo EA\ chn 31 thng c mc ln mc 1 hoc mc 0.
Nu mc 1 th vi iu khin thi hnh chng trnh t b nh ni.
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Nu mc 0 th vi iu khin thi hnh chng trnh t b nh ngoi.

RST (Reset):
Ng vo chn 9 l ng vo Reset.Khi cp in cho h thng hoc nhn nt reset th
mch s reset vi iu khin.Khi reset th tn hiu reset phi mc cao t nht 2 chu k
my.
Cc ng vo b dao ng Xtal1, Xtal2:
B to dao ng c tch hp bn trong 89C51. Khi s dng 89C51, ngi ta ch
cn ni thm t thch anh v cc t. Tn s t thch anh thng l 12 Mh 24 Mh.
2. Cu trc bn trong ca 89C51
a. S khi bn trong 89C51:
Hnh 2-3. Cu trc bn trong ca vi iu khin

b. T chc b nh:

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Hnh 2-4. Bng tm tt cc vng nh 89C51

a ch
byte
a ch
byte
a ch bit
7F
a ch bit
FF
F0 F7
F6
F5
F4 F3 F2 F1
F0
E0 E7 E6 E5 E4 E3 E2 E1
E0
ACC
RAM a dng
D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
30
2F
2E
2D
2C
2B
2A
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
1F
18
17
10
0F
08
07
00
B8
7F
77
6F
67
5F
57
4F
47
3F
37
2F
27
1F
17
0F
07
7E
76
6E
66
5E
56
4E
46
3E
36
2E
26
1E
16
0E
06
7D
75
6D
65
5D
55
4D
45
3D
35
2D
25
1D
15
0D
05
7C 7B
74 73
6C 6B
64 63
5C 5B
54 53
4C 4B
44 43
3C 3B
34 33
2C 2B
24 23
1C 1B
14 13
0C 0B
04 03
Bank 3
7A
72
6A
62
5A
52
4A
42
3A
32
2A
22
1A
12
0A
02
79
71
69
61
59
51
49
41
39
31
29
21
19
11
09
01
Bank 2
Bank 1
Bank thanh ghi 0
(mc nh cho R0 -R7)
78
70
68
60
58
50
48
40
38
30
28
20
18
10
08
00
PSW
BC BB BA B9 B8
IP
B0 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0
P.3
A8 AF
AC AB AA A9 A8
IE
A0 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
P2
99
98
Khng c a ch ho bit
9F 9E 9D 9C 9B 9A 99 98
90
97
96
95
94 93 92
91
90
SBUF
SCON
P1
8D
8C
8B
8A
89
Khng c a ch ho bit
Khng c a ch ho bit
Khng c a ch ho bit
Khng c a ch ho bit
Khng c a ch ho bit
TH1
TH0
TL1
TL0
TMOD
88
87
8F 8E 8D 8C 8B 8A 89 88
Khng c a ch ho bit
TCON
PCON
83
82
81
88
Khng c a ch ho bit
Khng c a ch ho bit
Khng c a ch ho bit
86 85 84 83 82 81 80

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87
DPH
DPL
SP
P0
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Hnh 2-5. Cu trc b nh Ram bn trong vi iu khin
B nh trong 89C51 bao gm ROM v RAM. RAM trong 89C51 bao gm

nhiu thnh phn: phn lu tr a dng, phn lu tr a ch ha tng bit, cc bank thanh
ghi v cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit.
89C51 c b nh theo cu trc Harvard: c nhng vng b nh ring bit cho

chng trnh v d liu. Chng trnh v d liu c th cha bn trong 8951 nhng 8951
vn c th kt ni vi 64K byte b nh chng trnh v 64K byte d liu.
Ram bn trong 89C51 c phn chia nh sau:
Cc bank thanh ghi c a ch t 00H n 1FH.

Ram a ch ha tng bit c a ch t 20H n 2FH.
Ram a dng t 30H n 7FH.
Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit t 80H n FFH.
Ram a dng:
Vng nh Ram a dng gm c 80 byte a ch t 30H 7FH .Vng nh bank
thanh ghi 32 byte t 00H 1FH cng c th dung lm vng nh Ram a dng. Mi a
ch trong vng Ram a dng u c th truy xut t do dng kiu a ch trc tip hoc
gin tip. B nh ngan xp ca vi iu khin dng b nh Ram ni nn dung lng b
nh ngn xp nh trong khi cc b vi x l bn ngoi lm b nh ngn xp nn dung
lng ty m rng.
Ram c th truy xut tng bit:
89C51 cha 210 bit c a ch ha tng bit, trong 128 bit cha cc byte c
a ch t 20H n 2FH, cc bit cn li cha trong nhm thanh ghi chc nng c bit.
tng truy xut tng bit bng phn mm l mt c tnh mnh ca vi iu khin
ni chung. Cc bit c th c t, xa, and, or, vi 1 lnh n. Ngoi ra cc port cng
c th truy xut c tng bt lm n gin phn mm xut nhp tng bit.
Cc bank thanh ghi:
B lnh 89C51 h tr 8 thanh ghi c tn l R0 n R7 v theo mc nh

(sau khi reset h thng), cc thanh ghi ny cc a ch 00H n 07H.
y l lnh 1 byte dng a ch thanh ghi. Tuy nhin c th thi hnh bng
lnh 2 byte dng a ch trc tip nm trong byte th 2: MOV A, 05H.
Lnh dng cc thanh ghi R0 n R7 th s ngn hn v nhanh hn nhiu

so vi lnh tng ng dng a ch trc tip.
Bank thanh ghi tch cc bng cch thay i cc bit trong t trng thi
chng trnh (PSW). Gi s thanh ghi th 3 ang c truy xut, lnh sau y s di
chuyn ni dung ca thanh ghi A vo nh ram c a ch 18H:

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MOV
R0, A.
Cc thanh ghi c chc nng c bit:

89C51 c 21 thanh ghi chc nng c bit (SFR: Special Funtion Register) vng
trn ca RAM ni t a ch 80H n FFH.
Ch : tt c 128 a ch t 80H n FFH khng c nh ngha, ch c

21 thanh ghi chc nng c bit c nh ngha sn cc a ch.
Cc thanh ghi port xut nhp:
Cc port ca 89C51 bao gm port 0 a ch 80H, port 1 a ch 90H, port 2
a ch A0H, v port3 a ch B0H. tt c cc port ny u c th truy xut tng bit nn
rt thun tin trong kh nng giao tip.
Cc thanh ghi timer:
89C51 c cha 2 b nh thi/ m 16 bit c dng cho vic nh thi hoc m
s kin. Timer 0 a ch 8AH (TL0: byte thp) v 8CH (TH0: byte cao). Timer 1 a
ch 8BH (TL1: byte thp) v 8DH (TH1: byte cao). Vic khi ng timer c Set bi
Timer Mode (TMOD) a ch 89H v thanh ghi iu khin timer (TCON) a ch
88H, ch c TCON c a ch ha tng bit.
Cc thanh ghi port ni tip:
89C51 cha mt port ni tip dnh cho vic trao i thng tin vi cc thit b ni
tip nh my tnh, modem hoc giao tip ni tip vi cc IC khc. Mt thanh ghi gi l
b m d liu ni tip (SBUF) a ch 99H s gi c 2 d liu truyn v d liu nhn.
Khi truyn d liu th ghi ln SBUF, khi nhn d liu th c SBUF. Cc mode vn hnh
khc nhau c lp trnh qua thanh ghi iu khin port ni tip SCON a ch 98H.
Cc thanh ghi ngt:
89C51 c cu trc 5 ngun ngt, 2 mc u tin. Cc ngt b cm sau khi reset h
thng v s c cho php bng vic ghi thanh ghi cho php ngt (IE) a ch A8H, c
2 thanh ghi c a ch ha tng bit.
Thanh ghi iu khin cng sut:
Thanh ghi iu khin cng sut (PCON) a ch 87H cha cc bit iu khin.
Tn hiu Reset:

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89C51 c ng vo reset RST tc ng mc cao trong khong thi gian 2 chu k,

sau xung mc thp 89C51 bt u lm vic. RST c th kch bng tay bng mt
phm nhn thng m, s mch reset nh hnh trn (hnh a)
sau khi reset h thng c tm tt nh sau:
Thanh ghi
m chng trnh PC
Thanhghi tch ly A
Thanh ghi B
Thanh ghi trng thi
SP
DPTR
Port 0 n Port 3
IP
IE
Cc thanh ghi nh thi
Ni dung
0000H
00H
00H
00H
07H
0000H
FFH
XXX0000 B
0XX00000 B
00H
Hot ng thanh ghi TIMER
89C51 c hai timer 16 bit, mi timer c bn cch lm vic. Ngi ta s

dng cc timer :
nh khong thi gian.
m s kin.
To tc baud cho port ni tip trong 89C51.
Trong cc ng dng nh khong thi gian, ngi ta lp trnh

timer nhng khong u n v t c trn timer. C c dng ng b ha
chng trnh thc hin mt tc ng nh kim tra trng thi ca cc ng vo hoc gi
s kin ra cc ngra. Cc ng dng khc c th s dng vic to xung nhp u n ca
timer o thi gian tri qua gia hai s kin (v d o rng xung ).
Truy xut cc timer ca 89C51 dng su thanh ghi chc nng

c bit cho trong bng sau:
SFR
TCON
Mc ch
iu khin Timer

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a ch
88H
a ch ha tng bit
C
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TMOD

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Ch Timer
89H
Khng
TL0
Byte thp ca Timer 0
90H
Khng
TL1
Byte thp ca Timer 1
91H
Khng
TH0
Byte cao ca Timer 0
92H
Khng
TH1
Byte cao ca Timer 1
93H
Khng
Cc thanh ghi chc nng ca timer trong 8031.
Thanh ghi ch timer (TMOD):

Thanh ghi TMOD cha hai nhm 4 bit dng t ch lm vic cho Timer 0, v
Timer 1.
Bit
Tn
Timer
M t
GATE
Bit m cng, khi ln 1 timer ch chy khi INT1 mc cao
C/T
Bit chn ch Count/Timer

1 = b m s kin
0 = b nh khong thi gian
M1
Bit 1 ca ch mode
M0
Bit 0 ca ch mode
GATE
Bit m cng, khi ln 1 timer ch chy khi INT0 mc cao
C/T
Bit chn ch Count/Timer
M1
Bit 1 ca ch mode
M0
Bit 0 ca ch mode
Tm tt thanh ghi chc nng TMOD.

Thanh ghi iu khin timer(TCON)
Thanh ghi TCON cha cc bit trng thi v cc bit iu khin cho Timer 1, Timer 0

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Bit
K hiu
a ch
M t
TCON.7
TF1
8FH
C bo trn timer 1. t bi phn cng khi trn,

c xa bi phn mm, hoc phn cng khi b x
l ch n chng trnh phc v ngt.
TCON.6
TR1
8EH
Bit iu khin timer 1 chy t xa bng phn mm

cho timer chy ngng.
TCON.5
TF0
8DH
C bo trn Timer 0.
TCON.4
TR0
8CH
Bit iu khin Timer 0 chy
TCON.3
IE1
8BH
C cnh ngt 1 bn ngoi. t bi phn cng khi

pht hin mt cnh xung INT1 xa bng phn
mm hc phn cng khi CPU ch n chng trnh
phc v ngt.
TCON.2
IT1
8AH
C kiu ngt 1 bn ngoi. t xa bng phn mm

ngt ngoi tch cc cnh xung /mc thp.
TCON.1
IE0
89H
C cnh ngt 0 bn ngai
TCON.0
IT0
88h
C kiu ngt 0 bn ngoi
Tm tt thanh ghi chc nng TCON

Khi ng v truy xut thanh ghi timer:
Thng thng cc thanh ghi c khi ng mt ln u chng trnh

t ch lm vic ng. Sau , trong thn chng trnh, cc thanh ghi timer c
cho chy, dng, cc bit c kim tra v xa, cc thanh ghi timer c c v cp
nht. theo i hi cc ng dng.
TMOD l thanh ghi th nht c khi ng v n t ch hot ng. V

d, cc lnh sau khi ng Timer 1 nh timer 16 bit (ch 1) c xung nhp t b dao
ng tn chip cho vic nh khong thi gian:
MOV TMOD, #1B
Lnh ny s t M1 = 1 v M0 = 0 cho ch 1, C/ T= 0 v GATE = 0 cho xung
nhp ni v xa cc bit ch Timer 0. D nhin, timer khng tht s bt u nh thi
cho n khi bit iu khin chy TR1 c t ln 1.
Nu cn s m ban u, cc thanh ghi TL1/TH1 cng phi c khi ng. Mt
khong 100 s c th c khi ng bng cch khi ng gi tr cho TH1/TL1 l
FF9CH:
MOV TL1, #9CH
MOV TH1, #0FFH

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Ri timer c cho chy bng cch t bit iu khin chy nh sau:

SETB
TR1
C bo trn c t ng t ln 1 sau 100 s. Phn mm c th i trong 100

s bng cch dng lnh r nhnh c iu kin nhy n chnh n trong khi c bo trn
cha c t ln 1:
WAIT: JNB TF1, WAIT
Khi timer trn, cn dng timer v xa c bo trn trong phn mm:
CLR TR1
CLR TF1
Ngt ( INTERRUPT)
Mt ngt l s xy ra mt iu kin, mt s kin m n

gy ra treo tm thi thi chng trnh chnh trong khi iu kin c phc v bi mt
chng trnh khc.
Cc ngt ng mt vai tr quan trng trong thit k v

ci t cc ng dng vi iu khin. Chng cho php h thng p ng bt ng b vi
mt s kin v gii quyt s kin trong khi mt chng trnh khc ang thc thi.
T chc ngt ca 89C51:
C 5 ngun ngt 89C51: 2 ngt ngoi, 2 ngt t timer v 1 ngt port

ni tip. Tt c cc ngt theo mc nhin u b cm sau khi reset h thng v c cho
php tng ci mt bng phn mm.
Khi c hai hoc nhiu ngt ng thi, hoc mt ngt xy ra khi mt

ngt khc ang c phc v, c c hai s tun t hi vng v s u tin hai mc
dng xc nh vic thc hin cc ngt. Vic hi vng tun t th c nh nhng u tin
ngt th c th lp trnh c.
Cho php v cm ngt :mi ngun ngt c cho php hoc cm ngt
qua mt thanh ghi chc nng t bit c nh a ch bit IE ( Interrupt Enable : cho php
ngt ) a ch A8H.
Bit
K hiu
a ch bit
M t
IE.7
EA
AFH
Cho php / Cm ton b
IE.6
AEH
Khng c m t
IE.5
ET2
ADH
Cho php ngt t Timer 2 (8052)
IE.4
ES
ACH
Cho php ngt port ni tip

Trang 16
N MN HC

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IE.3
ET1
ABH
Cho php ngt t Timer 1
IE.2
EX1
AAH
Cho php ngt ngoi 1
IE.1
ET0
A9H
Cho php ngt t Timer 0
IE.0
EX0
A8H
Cho php ngt ngoi 0
Tm tt thanh ghi IE
Cc c ngt :
Khi iu kin ngt xy ra th ng vi tng loi ngt m loi c c t ln mt
xc nhn ngt.
Ngt
Thanh ghi SFR v v tr bit
Bn ngoi 0
IE0
TCON.1
Bn ngoi 1
IE1
TCON.3
Timer 1
TF1
TCON.7
Timer 0
TF0
TCON.5
Port ni tip
TI
SCON.1
Port ni tip
RI
SCON.0
Cc lai c ngt
Cc vect ngt :
Khi chp nhn ngt, gi tr c np vo PC c gi l vector ngt. N l a ch
bt u ca ISR cho ngun to ngt, cc vector ngt c cho bng sau
Ngt
a ch vector
Reset h thng
RST
0000H
Bn ngoi 0
IE0
0003H
Timer 0
TF0
000BH
Bn ngoi 1
IE1
0013H
Timer 1
TF1
001BH
Port ni tip
TI v RI
0023H
Timer 2
002BH
Vector reset h thng (RST a ch 0000H) c trong bng ny v theo ngha

ny, n ging ngt : n ngt chng trnh chnh v np cho PC gi tr mi.
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Kt hp 89C51 vi b nh ngoi
Vi x l (Microprocessor) l IC chuyn dng v x l d liu, iu khin

theo mt chng trnh, mun Microprocessor thc hin mt cng vic g ngi s dng
phi lp trnh hay vit chng trnh. Chng trnh phi l tr u Microprocessor
nhn lnh v thi hnh, i khi trong lc x l chng trnh Microprocessor cn ni l
tr tm thi cc d liu sau ly ra tip tc x l. Ni lu tr chng trnh cho
Microprocessor thc hin v ni lu tr tm thi d liu chnh l b nh. Cc b nh
ca Microprcessor l cc IC, cc IC nh ny c th c d liu ra, ghi d liu vo hoc
ch c d liu ra. i khi b nh ca Microprocessor khng lu tr nhng thng
tin cn thit khi chy chng trnh, khi phi dng k thut m rng b nh. 89C51 c
kh nng m rng b nh n 64k byte b nh chng trnh v 64k byte b nh d liu
bn ngoi. B nh chng trnh l b nh Rom cn b nh d liu l b nh Ram.
B nh Ram chia ra lm 2 loi Sram v Dram. Dram c ch to dng k

thut MOS, c dung lng b nh ln, cng xut tiu tn thp v tc hot ng trung
bnh. Sram d liu lu tr vo cc Flip- Flop cn Dram d liu lu tr mc 0 v 1
tng ng vi qu trnh np v x ca mt t in khong vi pF. Bi v in p ca t
s suy gim dn do Dram i hi chu k np li nu khng mun mt d liu v c
gi l qu trnh lm ti Ram, y chnh l khuyt im ca Dram so vi Sram. B nh
Rom c nhiu loi: PROM, EPROM, EEPROM nhng EPROM c th lp trnh bi
ngi dng, c th xa v lp trnh li nhiu ln nn trong n ny chng em dng
EPROM 2764 v dng SRAM 6264. c im, s chn v bng s tht ca 2764 v
6264 hnh di y
II. Kho st IC 74XX:

C nhiu lai IC n p, trong lai IC n p 3 chn c s dng rng ri v
chng nh gn v cn rt t cc linh kin bn ngai km theo. IC n p 3 chn c li cho
vic thit k cc b ngun nh n nh hay cc n p trn cc card.
IC n p 3 chn lai c in p ra c nh c 2 lai l n p m v n p dng.
C nhiu lai IC n p nhng ta ch xt n h 78xx tng ng vi Ic n p dng. XX
ch in p ra c nh ca n. C th l IC 7805 l IC n p dng c in p ra c nh
l 5v. IC 7812 l IC n p dng c in p ra c nh l 12v. ty dng in ng ra l
bao nhiu m ta chn cc loi IC cho ph hp.
78lxx: dng in ra nh danh l 100mA
78xx: dng in ra nh danh l 1A
78Hxx: dng in ra nh danh l 5A
c bit c 78L62 : n p 6,2V
a. Cu trc bn trong v s chn

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b. Chc nng ca cc chn:
Chn s 1 ly in p vo.
Chn s 2 ni mass
Chn s 3 ly in p ra.
2. KHO ST IC TPIC 6B595:

IC TPIC6B595 l mt IC tch hp gm nhiu thanh ghi dch c mc ni tip. d
liu c a vo ni tip v c ly ra song song qua hai tng xung CK. IC 6B595 c
dng ra ln c th t c 500mA.
a. S chn:

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Trong :
theo.
Cc chn 4,5,6,7,14,15,16,17. L cc ng ra song song ca IC.

Chn 18 l chn d liu ra ni tip nhm kt ni vi cc tng tip
Chn 8 (srclr\) l chn ch php xa cc d liu ng ra.
Chn 12,13 (srck v rck) l cc xung ck.
Chn 9 (g\) chn cho php xut d liu u ra.
Chn 10,11,2,19 l cc chn cp ngun.
b. Cu trc bn trong ca IC 6B595:

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N MN HC
c. Hot ng ca IC 6B595 thng qua dng sng.

Trang 21

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d. Cc thng s ca IC TPIC 6B595:

in p cung cp
in p ti a cho 1 ng ra (DRAIN) khi s dng in tr treo
Dng in ra ti a ch cho 1 ng ra
Dng in xung c th cung cp
Dng in ra ti a cho tt c cc ng ra
Thi gian p ng ca cc xung ck vi ng vo
Thi gian p ng ca G\
in p ng ra ca SER-OUT
Gii hn nhit ca IC
4.5 - 5.5 V
50V
500mA
1A
150mA
20ns
150ns
4 - 4.2 V
-40 1250 C
3. KHO ST IC ULN2803.
L IC gm 8 cng o, mi cng o gm transistor ghp darlington vi dng in
v in p ng ra cao.
a. S chn.
Trong :
Chn 9,10 l cc chn cp ngun.

Chn 1..8 l cc ng vo.
Chn 11..18 l cc ng ra o.
b. Thng s ca IC ULN 2803

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Ta c th tng in p ng ra bng cch thm cc in tr treo ng ra vi in p

ko ln cao.
in p cung cp
5-12V
in p ng vo ti a
30V
in p ng ra ti a
50V
Dng in ng ra ti a
500mA
Dng in ng vo
25mA
4. KHO ST TRANSISTOR A1015:

Transtor A1015 loi transistor PNP c dng in ra bo ha cao.
a. S chn:

Trang 23
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b.Trng thi hot ng:
c.Thng s ca Transistor A1015:

Trang 24

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5. LED MA TRN 8X8:

Gm nhng mi ni PN c ghp ni chung anod v c iu khin bng cathod.
a. Cu trc v s chn:
]
Trang 25
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bThng s ca led:

Trang 26

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CHNG III: THIT K MCH

I. MCH IU KHIN:
1. THIT K MCH IU KHIN
C s l lun.
Mch iu khin trong n ny l vi iu khin 89C051. L ni ta c th

np chng trnh iu khin iu khin hot ng ca ton mch.
Vi iu khin s dng xung clock cp t thch anh 12Mhz. vy 1 chu k my ca vi
iu khin tng ng vi 1us.
Vi iu khin c reset mc cao. Khi reset con tr chng trnh c a v ti
a ch 000h.
Mch auto reset
IC c ng vo reset mc cao, tc l khi ng vo reset t mc cao th tt c cc ng
ra s c t li trng thi c nh v s khng b thay i bi s tc ng ng vo.
Cc IC c bit l cc IC m khi mi cp in nu khng c reset trc s lm
cho ng ra xut hin d liu mt cch ngu nhin. trnh trng hp ny ta s dng
mch auto reset.
Gii thch v tnh ton cc thng s:
Nguyn tc hat ng ca mch da vo thi gian np x ca t in qua in tr
R.khi va cp ngun th in p trn t bng 0V nn ng ra a n chn Reset mc
cao, lm cho cc IC c reset. Sau mt khong thi gian rt ngn th in p trn t tng
ln v chn Reset ca IC c a xung mc thp, nn cc IC hot ng bnh thng.
Tnh ton cc thng s ca mch:
Do ngun cung cp cho ton mch l 5V nn cc IC thuc h CMOS s hiu l mc
logic cao khi in p cc chn ng vo l 3.5V, mc thp l 1V. do IC thot khi
trng thi Reset th in p chn Reset phi nh hn 1V.
T ta c:
Vcc=5V=Vc+Vr=Vc+1V => Vc=4V
Trang 27
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Mt khc ta c phng trnh np ca t l:Vc=Vcc(1-e^-t/T)=4V

Vi t l thi gian t np y (t n gi tr VC> 4V).
T=RC: thi hng np ca t.
e^-t/T=1- 4/5= 0.2 => t/T= 1.6
chn t=100ms => T=62.5ms.
Chn C = 10uF
=> R =6.25k, t ta chn R=10k.
Tnh li thi gian np y ca t vi R=10k, C=10uF

T= RC= 100ms.
t = 1.6*100=160ms.
Vy sau khi va cp in hoc nhn nt Reset va thi tc ng trong mt khong
thi gian l 160ms th IC mi c php hot ng.
2. THIT K KHI CNG SUT HNG

C s l lun.
Khi cng sut hng c nhim v nng cng sut d liu xut ra t vi iu
khin cung cp cho mch hin th.
D liu c vi iu khin c in p l 5V nhng dng in ra nh khang 20

mA khng cung cp cho khi hin th l led ma trn.
D liu t vi iu khin s c a qua IC 2803 l IC m o c dng v

p ra kh ln, c th t n 500mA cho ch mt ng.
Ng ra ca IC 2803 c kt ni vi cc transistor PNP A1015. L cc

transistor c dng bo ha ln khang 100mA.
V ta s dng phng php qut cho nn ti mi thi im ch c ti a 1

hng ca led ma trn sng. V vy nu d liu xut ra l 0FFH th 8 led sng ht. Vy mi
transistor ch iu khin 1 led sng vy dng in cn cung cp khang 15-20mA nu cp
lien tc. Hay 100mA nu l xung.
3. THIT K KHI NGUN:
C s l lun:

Trang 28
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Trong mt mch in t th b ngun l quan trng nht, n quyt nh s

hot ng hay ngng hot ng ca mch. Mt b ngun khng tt s lm cho mch hot
ng khng n nh v s lm hng linh kin mt cch nhanh chng. iu ny rt thng
xy ra i vi nhng mch in t khng c n p tt m phi hot ng nhng
vng c in p khng n nh. i vi cc IC s thuc h TTL th iu ny thng xy
ra. Chc nng ca mch n p DC l bin i in p DC cha n nh thnh in p ra
DC n nhv in p ny phi ng vi in p tnh ton. in p ra ny pgi c duy
tr lin tcv khng c thay i khi in p ng vo hoc dng ti thay i ( mt gii
han cho php ca mch).
IC n p th c rt nhiu loi nhng Thng thng th c loi IC n p 3 chn

l hay thng dng v chng nh v ch cn mt s t linh kin bn ngoi. IC n p 3
chn c bit c li cho vic thit k cc b ngun nh n nh. y th ta ch xt n h
78xx tng ng vi IC n p dng, hai s sau ch in p ra c nh ca n, c th l
7805: n p dng c in p ng ra l 5V, 7812: cng l n p dng c in p ng ra
l 12V . ngi ta cng xt n ngun ng ra m thm ch ch th nh:
78Lxx: dng in ra danh nh l 100mA.
78xx: dng in ra danh nh l 1A.
78Hxx: dng ra danh nh l 5A
Trong mch in ny s dng 2 b ngun c in p l 5V v 12V. ngun 5V

s dng IC 7805 dng cung cp ngun cho cc IC h TTL. Ngun 12V dng IC 7812
cung cp ngun cho khi giao tip cng sut qut dng. Gi s cc transistor cng dn th
dng tng qua IC 7812 l:
I= 15mA*8= 120mA (gm 8 transistor, ti mt thi im mi

transistor iu khin 1 led)
IC 7805 c dng in ng ra l 1A s cung cp dng cho cc IC

h TTL trong mch.
4.S mch in:
a.S mch nguyn l:

Trang 29
N MN HC
b.S mch in:

Trang 30

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N MN HC

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II. THIT K KHI QUT V KHI HIN TH

1. C s l lun:
Mt led ma trn 8x8 gm 8 ct v 8 hng. Nu ta kt ni vi vi iu khin

trc tip th s khng chn vi iu khin kt ni. v vy thc hin qut ta s
dng IC l nhin v qut l IC TPIC 6B595. IC TPIC 6B595 l thanh ghi dch 8 bit vo
ni tip ra song song nh vo 2 tng xung Ck.
Cc chn iu khin d liu qut v xung CK s c kt ni trc tip v

c iu khin bi vi iu khin.
Ng ra d liu qut ca tng th nht s c a v ng vo d liu ca tng

th 2.
Ng ra ca IC l cc cc D ca MOSFET. Trng thi ng ra s l trng thi

o ca trng thi vo.
Khi 1 ct sng th tng dng in qua cc D ca MOSFET l

15mAx8=120mA< dng lin tc m cc D c th chu c.

Trang 31
N MN HC

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Vy s dng TPIC6B595 cho vic qut led l hp l. Mch hin th gm cc Led

c kt ni li vi nhau chung ct v hng c kt ni vi ng ra ca IC 6B595
thc hin vic qut.
2. S nguyn l:
3. S mch in :

Trang 32
N MN HC

Trang 33

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N MN HC

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CHNG IV : THIT K PHN MM V THI

CNG
I. Chng trnh cho Vi iu khin:
1. iu khin dch tri phi :
a.Lu :
b.Chng trnh :
org
clock
din
lacth
000h
bit
bit
bit
p2.0
p2.1
p2.2
mov
x6:
clr
setb
clr
setb
djnz
lcall
r6,#48
setb din
clock
clock
lacth
lacth
r6,x6
delay
td:
mov
mov
clr
clr
x3:
mov r3,#0
r2,#0
dptr,#500h
clock
lacth
mov r1,#02
x2:
clr
mov
mov r3,#48
din
dpl,r2
x1:
mov
a,#0

Trang 34
N MN HC
movc a,@a+dptr
setb
clr
setb
clr
clock
clock
lacth
lacth
mov
lcall
mov
setb
inc
djnz
djnz
p1,a
delay
p1,#00h
din
dptr
r3,x1
r1,x2
inc
cjne
r2
r2,#90,x3
lcall
lcall
delay
delay
mov
mov
mov
mov
clr
clr
x4:
r3,#0
r2,#0
dptr,#558h
r2,#058h
clock
lacth
mov r1,#02
x5:
clr
mov
mov r3,#48
din
dpl,r2
x7:
mov a,#0
movc a,@a+dptr
setb
clr
clock
clock

Trang 35

`
N MN HC
setb
clr
lacth
lacth
mov
lcall
mov
setb
inc
djnz
djnz
p1,a
delay
p1,#00h
din
dptr
r3,x7
r1,x5
dec
cjne
r2
r2,#0ffh,x4
lcall
lcall
delay
delay
jmp
td
delay:
mov
djnz
mov
djnz
ret
org
db
db
db
db
db
db

`
r4,#0ffh
r4,$
r5,#0
r5,$
500h
00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h
00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h
00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h
00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h
00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h
00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h
db
0FFH,0FFH,18H,18H,0FFH,0FFH,0H,0FCH,0FEH,13H,13H,0FEH,0FCH,0H,0FDH,0F
DH,0H,18H,18H,18H,0H
db

Trang 36
N MN HC

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0FFH,0FFH,93H,0C7H,7EH,3CH,0H,0FCH,0FEH,13H,13H,0FEH,0FCH,0H,3H,3H,0F
FH,0FFH,3H,3H
db
db
db
db
db
db
end
00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h
00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h
00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h
00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h
00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h
00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h,00h
2. iu khin dch phi tri :

a. Lu :
b. Chng trnh :
II. Kt qu thi cng:

Vi nhng lun im v c s trn, ta tin hnh thi cng mch.
Kt qu thi cng mch chy n nh. ng vi yu cu t ra ban u,cc led sng u
khng b nhiu trong qu trnh hat ng.
C. KT LUN
I. KT LUN:
Sau khi han tt n ny gip em hiu thm rt nhiu iu v vi iu khin 8051.
Cch ha ng cng nh cch lp trnh c nhiu thay i so vi l thuyt, nh cch lp
trnh chng nhiu bng phn mm, cch thc hin qut led. Cng qua n ny gip em
hiu r hn v thit k phn ngun cung cp sao cho hp l. Cch giao tip iu khin
ti cng sut ln.
II. HNG PHT TRIN CA TI:
n ny c th c pht trin ln thnh n tt nghip vi vic giao tip vi my
tnh c th thay i cch hat ng cng nh ni dung bng quang bo bng vic thay i
ni dung trn my tnh, hay c th dng remote u khin t xa bng quang bo. Mt k
Trang 37
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thut cao hn l c th thay i ni dung ca bng quang bo thng qua mng internet
nh cc bng quang bo m ta thy trn cc xa l hng dn giao thng.

Trang 38

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N MN HC

GVHD: Nguyn Thanh Bnh

2.Kho st IC TPIC 6B595.............................................................................19

SVTH: Hunh Hng Hi L Quc Thnh t

GVHD: Nguyn Thanh Bnh

Chng III. Thit k mch............................................................................................26

Chng IV.Thit k phn mm v thi cng.....................................................................32

SVTH: Hunh Hng Hi L Quc Thnh t

GVHD: Nguyn Thanh Bnh

Ngy nay vi s pht trin vt bc ca khoa hc k thut, v gp phn rt

Nh s pht trin ca cng ngh in t m t bit l cng ngh vin thng

Cc bin bo th hin ni dung cn truyn t trn gi l mch quang

C nhiu cch v phng n thc hin mt mch quang bo.

u im: ch thit k phn cng khng c phn mm.

Khuyt im: phn cng phc tp, th hin t ni dung

u im: phn cng n gin, d lp trnh

Khuyt im: vi s ng ra c nh v t nn kh khn trong

Phn hin th: c nhiu thit b hin th nh n

Trong ti thit k mch quang bo s dng

GVHD: Nguyn Thanh Bnh

Nh cp mt cch tng qut trn thit k mt mch quang bo

Nu dng cc IC ri th phn cng iu khin rt phc tp, bng qung co

Nu dng Efprom th ga thnh r d thit k phn cng, chng trnh vit

Nu dng vi iu khin v led ma trn hin th th ni dung ca bng

T nhng phn tch trn ta c th thy c mch quang bo s dng vi

SVTH: Hunh Hng Hi L Quc Thnh t

GVHD: Nguyn Thanh Bnh

Chc nng ca cc khi:

SVTH: Hunh Hng Hi L Quc Thnh t

GVHD: Nguyn Thanh Bnh

CHNG II:GII THIU CC LINH KIN TRONG

4k byte ROM,128 byte RAM ni.

4 Port I/O 8 bit.

Giao tip truyn d liu ni tip.

64k byte b nh bn ngoi dung lu chng trnh iu khin.

64k byte b nh bn ngoi dung lu d liu.

210 bit c th truy xut tng bit..

Hnh 2-1. S chn 89C51

GVHD: Nguyn Thanh Bnh

Chc nng ca cc chn 89C51:

Chc nng chuyn i

Ng vo nhp d liu ni tip.

Ng xut d liu ni tip.

Tn hiu iu khin ghi d liu ln b nh

Bng 2-2. Chc nng cc chn ca Port 3

GVHD: Nguyn Thanh Bnh

Nu mc 0 th vi iu khin thi hnh chng trnh t b nh ngoi.

Hnh 2-3. Cu trc bn trong ca vi iu khin

SVTH: Hunh Hng Hi L Quc Thnh t

GVHD: Nguyn Thanh Bnh

Hnh 2-4. Bng tm tt cc vng nh 89C51

SVTH: Hunh Hng Hi L Quc Thnh t

GVHD: Nguyn Thanh Bnh

Hnh 2-5. Cu trc b nh Ram bn trong vi iu khin

B nh trong 89C51 bao gm ROM v RAM. RAM trong 89C51 bao gm

89C51 c b nh theo cu trc Harvard: c nhng vng b nh ring bit cho

Cc bank thanh ghi c a ch t 00H n 1FH.

B lnh 89C51 h tr 8 thanh ghi c tn l R0 n R7 v theo mc nh

Lnh dng cc thanh ghi R0 n R7 th s ngn hn v nhanh hn nhiu

SVTH: Hunh Hng Hi L Quc Thnh t

GVHD: Nguyn Thanh Bnh

Cc thanh ghi c chc nng c bit:

Ch : tt c 128 a ch t 80H n FFH khng c nh ngha, ch c