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Ekthetikes Logarithmes Sun
Ekthetikes Logarithmes Sun
x,
, >0 1.
x .
:
. ( R )
: (0, +)
: f(x)= x , >0
>1 0<<1.
>1:
>1
.
1>>0:
0<<1
.
=1 : .
:
" "
" ".
:
.1
f(x)= logx,
, >0 1. : = y
= logy
, .
,
, .
logx
, :
log : ( 0, + ) R
log y = x y=
:
( 0,+) , . .
:
, .
,
log x
> 1
0 < < 1
:
y = f(x) = log x ,>0 1
.2
= e
= 10 ,
lnx
logx.
= 1 f(x) = 1.
y= logx
y = f(x) = x
, y =
x.
.3
1.
2.
3.
4.
f(x) = (-3) .
f(x) = 3 .
f(x) = 5 .
f(x) = > 1 R.
6. f(x) =
1
3x
R.
1
1
7. < <
3
3
8. 2 < 2
<
9. f(x) =2 g()=
1
2x
10.
x
g() =
3
2
2
f(x) =
3
'.
11.
Q(t)
Q(t) = 2004 . e5t , Q 2004.
1)
2)
3)
, <0
, , >0
1
4)
5)
6)
, . >1
, R
1
, f(x) = . 0<<1 ,
3
7)
a
1
1
>
3
3
8)
9)
<.
,
.
x
3
, : g ( x) =
2
10)
11)
2
f ( x) = .
3
.4
..
12. f(x) = 2x
1
g(x)=
2
(0, 1).
13. f " 1
- 1"
'
14.
f(x) = e
1 - 1.
15.
f(x)
=
e x
1
1.
16. f: IR 1 - 1 f(x) = ,
R
.
x
= loga x loga
loga a = 0
loga 1 = 1
21.
0 < 1
:
23.
0
<
1
log2
=
2
.
log
24.
0
<
log 2 x
=
2
logx.
25.
lne
=
log10.
26. 10
.
( . )
30.
31.
log =
<
loga
loga
(
>
0<,
a2log = 2
a
, 1 ,>0)
(
32.
1
5
3
log3 5 = log1
(=
log 3 5
= ...log 3 5
1
)
log 3
3
33.
1
log1 = loga
36.
( = 2 )
( = lg10 )
1
loga 5 log , 0 < , 1
37. f 1 - 1 .
.5
39.
f -1(x)= f (x)
40. f(x) = 2x
g(x) = log2x = .
41. f(x) =
v.
42.
f(x), g(x)
1.O f(x), g(x)
.
2.
=0
3. g(x) R
4. f(x),
=0
5. f(2004)< f(2003)
6. g(2004) > g(2003)
7.
(0,1)
.6
43.
f(x), g(x).
1.
=
2. f(x), g(x)
3. f(0)=1 g(1)=0
4. f(2)< g(2)
5. g(x)
(0,)
6. f(x)
(0,)
7. f(x)
R
8.
g(x)
(0,)
1. f ( x ) = 7 2x x
2. x 5 x = 3
5 2 x ,5 6 x ,5 x ,5 3x
3. :
3
)
5
)
)
)
)
7x
2 x +1
2 x +1
5
3
2
= 5 ( x 1)
6 2 x + 4 = 27 x 2 x +8
3 16 x + 2 81x = 5 36 x
3 2 x +5 3 x + 2 = 2
) 9 x +1 27 3 x = 0
) ( 1) x +1 = ( 1) +3 , > 1
) 4 x 10 2 x 1 = 24
) 4 x 2 x + 2 32 = 0
2
4. :
3 5 x 2 y+1 = 59
) x +1 y
+ 2 = 133
5
9 x 1 = 27 3 2 y +3
) yx
= 4 23x
2
2 x 4 y = 128
x 2y = 3
3 x = 5y
) x
5 = 3y
4 x 3 y = 16
) y x
3
=
9
x y = yx
)
2
x
=
y
5. : 5 2 x 2x = 1
2
6. : 2 x + 8 2 x = 6
7. : 16 x 17 4 x + 16 > 0
8. : 6 x + 6 x +1 > 2 x + 2 x +1 + 2 x + 2
9. : 2
3
x 2 x
2
>
3
5 x +16
.7
+ 1
10) R f ( x ) =
)
)
)
)
R
R
1-1
1 2
+3
10. R f ( x ) =
)
)
)
)
R
R
R
1-1
11. R f ( x ) = 2 2 3
) R
) R
) R
) 1-1
12.
f ( x ) = e x .
) x, y R
) f(x+y)=f(x)f(y)
) f(x)=f(y)f(x-y)
) x R * [ f ( x ) ] = f ( x )
13. 10 ,
Q( t ) = Q o 2
t
10
14. f ( x ) = e x . x1 , x 2 , x 3 ,........, x
.. f ( x 1 ) , f ( x 2 ) , f ( x 3 ) ,.........., f ( x )
..
15. f ( x ) =
(2 1)( x
x
3x + 2
.8
1.
2. 52 x = ( 5x ) = 32 = 9 , ...
2
2 x +1
3.
3
5
3
= 2 x + 1 = 1 2 x = 2 x = 1
5
)
9 x +1 27 3x = 0 32( x +1) 27 3x = 0 32 x +2 27 3x = 0 9 y 2 27 y = 0 9 y ( y 3 ) = 0
y=0 y=3 , 3 =0 3 = 3 ,
=1 . ( 3 = y )
) 7 2 +1 = 5( 1) 7( 1) = 5( 1)
= 0 . =1
2
2 + 1 = + 3 2 2 = 0 ....... = 1, = 2
3 16 + 2 81 = 5 36 3 ( 2 4 ) + 2 ( 34 ) = 5 ( 22 32 )
.3
3 2
+ 2 3
= 5 2 3
22
0
2
22
32
2
2
3 2 + 2 2 = 5 3 + 2
3
2
3
3
= 5 3 y + 2
1
=5
y
2
3 y 2 5 y+ 2 = 0, y =
3
=.. , y1 ,y2 =
3 5x 2 2 y = 59
4) )
x
y
5 5 + 2 = 133
, y1 = 1 y2 = 2/3 .
3a 2 = 59
5 + = 133
. ( = 5 = 2y )
1
)
(22 ) ( ..
: = 25 , = 8 , 5 =25=52 , =2
2y =8=23 , y =3 .
6)
52
= 50 2 2 2 = 0 2 ( ) = 0
= 0, , =
=00 =2 , N
=( ) ,
= 2 ( ).
.9
2
<1
3
9)
2 < 5 +16 , 2
-6-16 <0 . : 1 = 8 2 = -2
8
(-2,8)
x
1
1
1 0 < ( 1) ( + 1)
f ( x) =
. 0<
+1
+ 1
10) )
-1
-2
+1
-1
)
1
1
1 1
>1
1 > 0
>0
+1
+1
+1
2
> 0 2( + 1) < 0 < 1
+1
1
1
1 1
<1
1 < 0
<0
+1
+1
+1
2
< 0 2( + 1) > 0 > 1
+1
. . . .
12)
) f ( x + y ) = e x + y = e x e y = f ( x) f ( y ) .
ex
f ( y ) f ( x y ) = e y e x y = e y y = e x = f ( x)
e
[ f ( x ) ] = f ( x )
( e x ) = e x = f ( x ) .
13) 10 ,
: Q(t)=Q 0 e c t
, :
1
1
Q0
1 10 c
1 1 10
c 10
c
10
10
= Q0 e = e e =
= =2
2
2
2 2
t
Q(t) = Q0 e10
14)
1-1
x1 = x2 e = e f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
x1
x2
x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ,........, x
( )
2 x2 = x1 + x3 e 2 x2 = e x1 + x2 = e x1 e x3 e x2
= e x1 e x3 f 2 ( x2 ) = f ( x1 ) f ( x3 )
.
... .
.
.10
( )
1)
i)
, x > 0
ii)
x > 0
log102 =2
iv)
lne3 =3
v)
10
log
=1loge
e
iii)
2)
I) x < y
iv) x < y
3)
i) f(x) =2 g(x)
=log2x y =
ii) f g
.
iii) f xx
(1,0).
iv) g yy
(0,1).
v) f ( 2) <g(2)
vi)
1
1
f < g
2
2
vii) H f g
4)
f (x) =
logx
0 < 1
.
[0,+ )
. R
(0,+ )
( ,0)
( ,0]
5) f
(x) = log4x (.5)
. yy
. xx yy
. xx (1,0)
. xx
.
7)
. 5
.
.12
9) f (x) = 2 x
g (x)= log 2x (. 11)
. yy
. (0,0)
. y = x
. y= -x
. xx.
. 11
log1002
10)
. 4
11)
. 2
. 10
. 100
. 10.000
log2 + log7
. log9
12)
B. log14 .
7
log
2
. log5
E. 2log7
log12 - log3
. log9
B. log15
. log36
.12log3
13) . :
i) log1 = 0
ii)
log = 1
iii)
log
iv)
log a = 1
vi)
log k =
1
2
vii)
log =
1
3
viii)
ix)
log 2 =1
log .... 3 = 3
E. log4
v) log
1
= -1
x)
log=0
. 13
14)
:
log(1+ x)= log(1 x)
i)
iii)
ii)
iv)
ln
x ln x
=
2
2
15) :
ii)
i)
log2 (92x )
=1
3 x
iii)
16)
:
log16 x + log4 x + log2 x =7
i)
iii)
17)
ii)
i) :
3log x = xlog3
ii) :
18)
f(x) = x + ln(ex-1)
A.
. : f(x) = ln2
. : f(x) < x
. f(x) = g(x).
. x R g(x) > 0.
f ( x ) = log(2 y + 2)
.
2x
g ( y ) = log(21 3 2 )
.14
1+ x = 1 x 2x = 0 x = 0
1 + x = 10(1 x) 1 + x = 10 10 x 11x = 9 x =
9
( : 1+>0
11
1->0 .-1<<1). .
x ln x
=
2
2
ln
ln
x 1
= ln x ln x = ln x x = x x 2 = x x( x 1) = 0 x= 0 = 1
2 2
( : >0 ) =1
15) )
x(log10log5)=log(4x 12)
10
x
x
x l og
=log ( 4 12 ) x log 2 =log ( 4 12 )
5
2 =y
(1) : y2 y-12=0 .
4.1.(-12) = 49 ,
=2 -4 =(-1)2 +
y1 ,y2 =..= 4, -3 . 2 =4 = 22 , =2 ( )
2 =-3 .
16)
log 2 x log 2 x
log 2 x log 2 x
+
+ log 2 x = 7
+
+ log 2 x = 7
log 2 16 log 2 4
4
2
, >0
17) i)
3log x = xlog3 .
( log
1 1) .
log ( 3log x ) = log ( x log3 ) log x log 3 = log 3 log x ,
ii)
) .
.15
19) ) ex 1 > 0
1 1 )
)
( f(x) = ex
iii)
ex =y = 2 x = ln2 .
f(x) = x + ln(ex-1) < x ln(ex-1) <0 ln(ex 1) < ln1 ex-1 <1
ex < 2 lnex < ln2 x < ln2 .
A
1)
f ( x) =
ln ( 3 x 11)
ln ( x 5 )
. N
. f(x) = 2.
. A x > 6, f(x) > 1.
2) , log178, log 81( 2 x + 2 3x ) , log 3
x,
,
.
3)
= log 12.
f(x) = log(e2x-kex +) ,
. = 5 = 6
. = 5 = 6
.
. f(x) = 1log(e + 1)
. f(ln5)f(0) , f(ln5) , f(ln6)
.
4) A. : 22x + 2 9 2x + 2 = 0
. : log(x2 + 2) > logx + log3
f, g f(x) = ln( e x 1 )
g(x) = ln(ex + 2)
5)
. f g
. f(ln2) g( 1)
. x + f(x) = ln2 + g(x)
.16