Chng trnh Hp tc Vit Nam v Thu in

v Tng cng Qun l t ai v Mi trng

(2004-2009)

Bo co
nh gi Sn xut sch hn
Cng ty C phn Xut Nhp
Khu Thu Sn Ngh An II

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

Tng 4, Nh C10
Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni
ng i C Vit
H Ni, Vit Nam
T: (84.4) 3868 4849
T/Fax: (84.4) 3868 1618
Email: vncpc@vncpc.org
Web: http://www.vncpc.org

Mc lc
1

GII THIU ...................................................

1.1
D n nh gi SXSH ti nh my ..............................
1.2
M t cng ty ..............................................
1.3
i sn xut sch hn .......................................
2
TNG QUAN V SN XUT ......................................

2
2
2
3
4

2.1
M t v cc cng on sn xut ............................... 4
2.2
Cc nguyn, nhin liu s dng chnh ............................ 4
2.3
Mc tiu th ring .......................................... 5
2.4
Dng thi ................................................. 5
3
NH GI.................................................... 6
3.1
S dng chi tit .......................................... 6
3.2
Cn bng vt liu ........................................... 7
3.3
nh gi cho dng thi ....................................... 9
3.4
nh gi nng lng: ........................................ 9
4
PHN TCH NGUYN NHN V CC GII PHP SXSH ................ 11
5
LA CHN CC GII PHP SXSH ................................ 13
5.1
Sng lc cc gii php SXSH ................................. 13
5.2
Nghin cu tin kh thi cc gii php SXSH ...................... 15
6
THC HIN.................................................. 17
6.1
Danh sch cc gii php c thc hin ...................... 17
6.2
K hoch thc hin cc gii php SXSH ......................... 18
7
DUY TR SN XUT SCH HN .................................. 19
7.1
Tip tc gim st ..........................................
7.2
Cc cng vic tip theo......................................
8
KT LUN ..................................................
9
PH LC ...................................................

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

19
20
21
22

1 GII THIU
1.1 D n nh gi SXSH ti nh my
Bo co nh gi sn xut sch hn ny c thc hin trong khun kh "Chng trnh
Hp tc Vit Nam v Thu in v Tng cng Qun l t ai v Mi trng (20042009)" ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng vi s ti tr ca Chnh ph Thu in. D n
nh gi sn xut sch hn ti cng ty c thc hin bi i Sn xut Sch ca cng
ty vi s h tr k thut v o to ca Trung tm Sn xut Sch Vit Nam (TTSXSVN).
Trong qu trnh thc hin d n, Ban qun l d n SEMLA Ngh An thng xuyn kim
tra v gim st tin v cht lng thc hin.
Mc ch ca d n l gip cc doanh nghip cng nghip gim chi ph sn xut, ci
thin iu kin lm vic ca ngi lao ng v gim thiu tc ng tiu cc ca hot
ng sn xut ti mi trng. Sau khi kt thc d n cc doanh nghip c th lm ch
c cc k nng v phng php lun nh gi sn xut sch hn ti n v mnh. M
t cng ty

1.2 M t cng ty
Tn Cng ty

: Cng ty C phn Xut nhp khu Thu Sn Ngh An II

a ch

: X Qunh M, Huyn Qunh Lu, tnh Ngh An

in thoi

: 0383 864 227

Fax: 0383 643 313

Cng ty C phn Xut nhp khu Thu Sn Ngh An II c thnh lp v i vo hot

ng ngy 10/10/1993 vi tn gi ban u l X nghip ng lnh 38B thuc Cng ty
Xut nhp khu thu sn Ngh An. Cng sut ban u ca X nghip ch vo khong 1
tn sn phm/ngy. n nm 2001, cng ty tin hnh nng cp kho v thit b v tng
nng sut sn xut t 1 ln 2 tn sn phm/ngy. Cng sut ny c duy tr trong sut
khong thi gian t 1998 2003. Ngy 1/7/2002, x nghip ng lnh 38B i tn thnh
Cng ty xut nhp khu thu sn Ngh An II. Trong khong thi gian ny, cng ty tip tc
u t cho kho v thit b sn xut. Nm 2004 2005 l giai on nh du bc
chuyn bin hinh thc s hu ca cng ty cng ty c chuyn i sang cng ty c
phn. Thng 11/2005, cng ty tin hnh i hi c ng ln th nht. Ngy 1/3/2006,
cng ty nhn giy php kinh doanh. T 2004 2008, nng sut sn xut ca cng ty t
trung bnh 0,7 0,8 tn sn phm/ngy v nng sut cao nht t c l 4 5
tn/ngy.
Sn phm ch yu ca cng ty l Tm ng lnh (b u hoc bc v) v mc ng
lnh.
Tng s cn b cng nhn vin: 200 ngi.

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

1.3 i sn xut sch hn

Bng 1

i Sn xut sch hn
TT

Tn

Chc v

Vai tr trong i

Phan nh c

Gim c

i trng

Ng Mnh Hng

Ph Gim c

i ph

Nguyn Vn Hi

Thnh vin

Trng Quang Nhung

Thnh vin

Nguyn Minh Hi

Thnh vin

Nguyn Vn ng

Thnh vin

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

2 TNG QUAN V SN XUT

2.1 M t v cc cng on sn xut
Sn phm chnh ca cng ty l tm b u ng lnh nn phn m t cc cng on sn
xut s tp trung vo qu trnh sn xut loi sn phm ny
Tm nguyn liu c thu mua v vn chuyn bng xe n cng ty. Ti khu vc tip
nhn, tm c phun qua nc cha ho cht kh trng sau c ra sch. Qu
trnh ra s dng nc cha ho cht kh trng v m bo cht lng tm
nguyn liu. Tm sau c bo qun v chuyn sang cng on b u. y l cng
on pht sinh nhiu cht thi rn nht v u tm phi c bc b. Sau cng on
ny, tm c ra ln na ri qua cng on phn c. Sau khi phn c, tm tip tc
c ra thm mt ln ri chuyn qua cng on xp khun.
Sau khi xp vo khun, tm s qua cng on ch ng, sau cp ng lnh
0
su di -40 C v ra ng. Sau qu trnh ra ng, tm s c phun nc cho qu trnh
m bng. Sau , tm s c bao gi v lu kho ch xut.
Ngoi sn phm tm b u, cng ty cng sn xut mc ng lnh v tm ng lnh bc
v. Tuy nhin do lng sn phm khng nhiu nn qu trnh sn xut khng m t
y.
Bng 2

Sn lng sn xut thc t

TT
1

Sn phm
Tm b u

n v

Nm 2008 (thng 6 12)

Tn

178,640

2.2 Cc nguyn, nhin liu s dng chnh

Cc nguyn liu chnh s dng sn xut tm b u c cho trong bng sau.
Bng 3

Tiu th ti nguyn v nguyn liu th

Loi u vo

No
1

Tm nguyn liu

n v

Tiu th nm 2008
(thng 6 12)

Tn

275,728

Nc my

Nc ngm

Tn

728,253

Bao b carton

Ci

16.428

Bao b PE

Ci

11.689

Dy ai np

Tn

0,207

Chlorin

kg

80

in nng

kWh

217.760

5.248
11.440

Ch : S liu v nc ngm s dng l khng chnh xc v cng ty khng c ng h

theo di. Lng nc ny c tnh ton bng phng php c lng qua thi gian
s dng vi nc, lng nc chy qua vi ra trong mt n v thi gian v s lng
vi nc.

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

2.3 Mc tiu th ring

Bng 4.

Mc tiu th ring
Loi u vo

No
1

Tm nguyn liu

n v
Tn/tn SP

Nm 2008
(thng 6 12)

1,543

Nc my

m /tn SP

Nc ngm

m /tn SP

64,039

Tn/tn SP

4,077

Dy ai np

Tn/tn SP

0,001

Chlorin

kg/tn SP

0,448

in nng

kWh/tn SP

1.219

29,378

nh mc sn xut tm nguyn liu/sn phm l ph hp vi nh mc chung v ph

thuc ch yu vo ngun nguyn liu. ng ch nht l lng nc s dng tng i
ln v in nng tiu th cao. T bng cung cp s liu, cng sut trung bnh ca cng
ty vo khong 1,25 tn SP/ngy. Thi gian hot ng trung bnh l 300 ngy/nm.

2.4 Dng thi

Cc dng thi ca cng ty bao gm:

Cht thi rn: l u tm thi, khi lng vo khong 363 kg/ngy. Lng cht
thi ny c bn lm thc n chn nui.

Kh thi: mi chlorin do s dng chlorin lm cht kh trng.

Nc thi: Nc thi pht sinh trong ton b khu ra ca qu trnh ch bin,

ngoi ra nc thi cng pht sinh t cc khu khc nh bo qun, bc u,
phn c, ... Mt lng ln nc thi sinh ra t qu trnh ra sn thao tc, v
sinh nh xng v v sinh ca cng nhn. cy v vy trong qu trnh s
3
dng s tan i vo dng nc thi. Lng nc thi c t 120 m /ngy.
c im ca nc thi l cha protein ho tan ca tht tm, dch tm v mt
phn nh tht tm vn lt qua khe li chn rc i vo nc thi nn khng th
thu hi di dng cht thi rn.
Ton b nc thi c thu gom n h thng x l ca nh my. Hin nay,
cng ty ang chun b nng cp h thng x l nc thi p ng cng sut
sn xut ln hn v m bo cht lng nc thi m bo tiu chun thi cho
php.

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

3 NH GI
Sau khi khi ng chng trnh nh gi SXSH ti cng ty, i SXSH nh gi hin
trng cc qu trnh sn xut ca cng ty v thng nht la chn dy chuyn sn xut
tm b u nh lnh, mt trong s nhng mt hng sn xut chnh ca cng ty, lm
trng tm nh gi SXSH.

3.1 S dng chi tit

Tm nguyn liu
Nc
Ho cht kh trng

Nc
Ho cht kh trng

Nc
Ho cht kh trng

Nc
Ho cht kh trng

Nc
Ho cht kh trng

Nc
Ho cht kh trng

Nc

Tip nhn

Nc thi ln tp cht
Tm hng

Ra

Nc thi ln tp cht

Bo qun

Nc thi ln tp cht

Bc u

Nc thi ln tp cht
V tm

Ra

Nc thi ln tp cht
Tht tm vn, vn tm

Phn c

Ra

Nc thi
Nc thi ln tp cht
Tht tm vn, vn tm

Cn sn phm

Nc dnh t

Xp khun

Nc dnh t

Ch ng

Cp ng

Nc

R ng

Nc

M bng

Bao b
Np

Bao gi

Nc thi

Bao b, np hng

Sn phm
Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

3.2 Cn bng vt liu

c im ca qu trnh ch bin tm b u ng lnh ni ring v ch bin thu sn ni
chung l s dng nhiu nc, trong nc c pha ho cht kh trng. Do khng c
ng h theo di nc s dng tng cng on nn lng nc s dng c lng
v tnh ton theo phng php m vi nc v tnh thi gian v ch tnh c lng
nc s dng chung cho ton b nh my.
Phn cht thi i vo nc thi bao gm c phn rn, c th thu hi di dng cht thi
rn hoc khng th thu hi li, v phn cht thi lng t tm (dch tm) v mt lng
protein tm ho tan trong nc.
S liu CBVL cho bng sau.
Bng 5

Cn bng vt liu (tnh cho 1 tn sn phm tm b u ng lnh)

Vt liu u vo

Cng on

Tn
Tm nguyn liu
Nc
Tip nhn
Ho cht kh trng

Tnh vo lng
nc s dng
chung. Ho cht
kh trng c
ho trn vo b
nc ri phn
phi.
1.516

0.408

Ra
Ho cht kh trng

Tnh vo lng
nc s dng
chung. Ho cht
kh trng c
ho trn vo b
nc ri phn
phi.

Tm nguyn liu

1.504

0.815

Nc
Bo qun
Ho cht kh trng

Tnh vo lng
nc s dng
chung. Ho cht
kh trng c
ho trn vo b
nc ri phn
phi.

Tm nguyn liu

1.480

1.223

Nc
Ho cht kh trng

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

Dng thi
Rn (tn)

Lng (tn)

Tm hng,
tp cht
0.003

Tp cht ln
trong nc
thi
0.024

Kh
(tn)

1.543

Tm nguyn liu

Nc

Bc v

Lng

Vt liu
u ra
(tn)

Tnh vo lng
nc s dng
chung. Ho cht

Tm
nguyn
liu
1.516

Tm
nguyn
liu
1.504

Tp cht ln
trong nc
thi
0.012

Tm
nguyn
liu
1.480

Tp cht ln
trong nc
thi
0.024

Tm
nguyn
liu
1.095

u tm
0.290

Tp cht ln
trong nc
thi
0.095

kh trng c
ho trn vo b
nc ri phn
phi.
Tm

1.095

0.408

Ra
Nc

Tnh vo lng
nc s dng
chung

Tm

1.018

Phn c

0.815

Tm

1.013

0.408

Ra

Tm
1.018

Tht tm vn
0.006

Tp cht ln
trong nc
thi
0.005
Tp cht ln
trong nc
thi, bao gm
c vn tht
tm nh
0.011
Vn tht tm
dnh sn thao
tc, ...
0.002

Tm
1.013

Tm
1.002

Nc

Tnh vo lng
nc s dng
chung

Cn v xp
khun

Tm

1.002

Tm 1.000

Ch ng,
cp ng, r
ng, m
bng

Tm

1.000

Tm
1.000

Tm

1.000

Tp cht ln
trong nc
thi, dch tm
0.071

Bao b hng
Tm sn
phm
1.000

Bao gi
Dy ai np

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

0.001

Khng ng
k
Dy ai np
hng
Khng ng
k

3.3 nh gi cho dng thi

Bng 6

c tnh dng thi (tnh cho 1 tn sn phm tm b u ng lnh)

Dng thi

c tnh dng thi

Cht thi
rn

u tm, tht tm vn c
th thu gom v tp cht

Cht thi
lng

Dch tm, protein t tm

ho tan trong nc thi

nh lng dng thi

nh gi dng thi

0,299 tn/tn SP

0,299 tn/tn SP x 55 triu

VN/tn = 16,445 triu VN/tn
SP
0,244 tn/tn SP x 55 triu
VN/tn = 13,42 triu VN/tn SP
Nc my mua vo: 29,378
3
3
m /tn SP x 6.900 VN/m =
202.700 VN/tn SP

u mu, tht tm vn lt
qua li chn rc i vo
dng thi lng

0,244 tn/tn SP
3

97 m nc thi/tn SP

Nc bm: 64,039 m /tn SP x

3
800 VN/m = 51.200 VN/tn
SP
cy v vy tan thnh nc
trong qu trnh s dng: 4,077
tn/tn SP x 300.000 VN/tn SP
= 1.223.100 VN/tn SP
Ho cht kh trng: 0,448 kg/tn
SP x 32.222VN/kg = 14.400
VN/tn SP

Nhn xt:
1. Theo bng CBVL v nh gi dng thi, cng nh nh mc tiu th ca ngnh l
3
40 114 m /tn SP (v ph thuc loi sn phm) cho thy lng nc s dng
cao. iu ny cho thy h thng quan trc nc s dng cha chnh xc v
phng php s dng nc, thc tit kim nc cha cao. Do , kh nng
gim tiu th nc ti Cng ty vn rt cao.
2. Lng cy v vy s dng tng i cao cho qu trnh sn xut tm b
u ng lnh. nh mc chung ca ngnh l 1 7 tn/tn SP ph thuc vo loi
sn phm.

3.4 nh gi nng lng:

H thng chiu sng: cng ty s dng n chiu sng loi hunh quang T10 - cng
sut 40W, chn lu st t l loi n - ballast ph thng hin ti, tnh nng tit kim in
khng cao. Ton b nh my c khong 200 bng in. Nu thay th n T10 bng n
T8 - 36 W (c sng cao hn 20% so vi n T10) s tit kim c 10% nng lng
chiu sng - tng ng tit kim mi gi 800 W.
in p cp qu cao: in p dy o c khong 402 - 404, cao hn tiu chun 6,1%.
in p cao s gy ra tn tht nng lng in cao (c tnh tn tht trn 2% tng tiu
th nng lng in ton cng ty). ng thi lm qu ti ton h thng v cc thit b
in s b gim tui th do qu nng do qu ti in p.
Mng phn phi in ni b ca cng ty: hin trng cc t in ca cng ty b nhim bn
ha cht gy r r in. Chuyn gia nng lng ca VNCPC xc nh c tn tht t
phn phi in ca h thng nn kh nh sau: khi tt c h thng thit b khng hot

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

ng th vn c dng in chy trong dy cp trc vi cng dng in tng ng

trong 3 dy cp trc ln lt l 1,2 - 10 - 1,3 A v in p pha trung bnh ti thi im o
l 234 V, iu ny gy ra tn tht in rt ln:
P = U x I = 234 V x (1,2 + 10 + 1,3) = 234 x 12,5 = 2,93 kWh
2,93 kWh x 365 ngy/nm x 24 gi/ngy = 25667 kWh/nm
25667 kWh/nm x 1200 ng/kWh = 30.800.000 ng/nm
in ng c: ti thi im nh gi cng ty gn nh khng hot ng nn chuyn gia
ch o c cc ng c ang chy. Kt qu o c (xem trong ph lc) cho thy ng
c ca cng ty ang chy rt non ti v cos rt thp, ch non ti hiu sut ng
c rt thp, gy ra tn tht nng lng in cao. Mt s ng c ca cng ty c nhit
v ng c qu nng do qu ti in p nn s nhanh b chy.
H thng in lnh: nc lm mt ca cc thp gii nhit ca h in lnh qu bn lm
ng bnh ngng b tc nghn khin my nn phi lm vic nhiu hn. Mt khc nc qu
bn lm gim kh nng gii nhit ca thp. c tnh nc gii nhit qu bn gy ra tn
tht 15 - 20% nng lng in lnh.
B cp nc cng ngh ngoi tri: vic lp t b cp nc cng ngh ngoi tri
khng c mi che v khng bo n v b s gy ra tn tht nng lng do b nc hp
th nng lng mt tri v nng ln. Nc nng cp cho cng ngh s lm tan chy
bo qun nguyn liu ti gy tn tht nng lng lm v lm xung cp cht lng
sn phm do nguyn liu mt lnh cn thit. Di y l tnh ton tn tht nng
lng do b ngoi tri vi cc s liu dng tnh ton nh sau:
+

S lng b 2 ci

Kch thc b: di 5 m ng knh 1,5m din tch tit din c 2 b l 15 m

Cng bc x nng lng mt tri 5kWh/m .ngy (s liu trm kh tng

thy vn min Trung)

Hiu sut hp th nng lng vo nc trong b c tnh 20%

Nhit nng chy ca nc 79,78 kCal/kg

Lng cng ty s dng trong 143 ngy l 728253 kg

Nng lng b hp thu trong ngy l:

2

5 kW/m .ngy x 15m x 20% = 15 kW/ngy = 12900 kCal/ngy

Lng b tan:
12900 kCal / 79,78 kCal/kg = 161,7 kg /ngy
161,7 kg / (728253 kg /143 ngy) = 3,2% tiu th (tng ng tn tht
3,2% nng lng in dng cho sn xut (= 25 kWh / ngy - vi hiu sut my lm
l 60%).

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

10

4 PHN TCH NGUYN NHN V CC GII PHP SXSH

Bng 4

Phn tch nguyn nhn v xut cc c hi SXSH

Dng thi/Tn
tht NVL
(nng lng)

Nguyn nhn

C hi SXSH

Nguyn liu
hng

1.1 Kim sot cht

lng nguyn liu

1.1.1 Kim sot cht ch nguyn liu nhp v gim

tp cht rn ln trong tm nguyn liu
1.1.2 Bo qun tt nguyn liu trong vn chuyn v nhp
gim nguyn liu hng
1.1.3. Lp bng theo di lng nguyn liu lun chuyn
qua cc cng on v lng cht thi pht sinh theo ca,
ngy v loi nguyn liu

Tiu th nc
cao (sinh nhiu
nc thi)

2.1. Kim sot

lng nc s
dng km

2.1.1. Lp ng h theo di lng nc s dng ti cc

khu s dng nc
2.1.2. Lp bng theo di lng nc s dng theo m,
ca lm vic, theo ngy v tng hp s liu theo thng v
theo qu.

2.2. thc cng

nhn vn hnh
cha cao

2.2.1. o to v nng cao thc tit kim nc trong

qu trnh s dng nc cho cng nhn.
2.2.2. Ban hnh ch thng pht hp l.

2.3. Thit b cha

ph hp, r r
nhiu

2.3.1. Lp t vi ra nc p lc cao v bm tng p

gim tiu th nc v sinh nn v sn thao tc.
2.3.2. Lp kho vi nc ngay ti u vi phun thun
tin trong vic m v ng vi nc
2.3.3. Sa cha cc v tr r r v lp k hoch bo
dng h thng nc thng xuyn.

2.4. Khun b
g nn tn nc
ra cy
trc khi em vo
s dng

2.4.1. V sinh khun cy

2.4.2. Thay khun cy bng thp khng g

3.1. Thao tc cng

nhn km

3.1.1. o to cng nhn vn hnh m bo qu trnh

ra cy hp l.
3.1.2. Chuyn ngay cy vo kho .

3.2. Khun lm
cy lm bng thp
thng b g nhiu
(mt do ra
phn g nm lp
ngoi v y ca
cy )

3.2.1. Nh 2.4.1
3.2.2. Nh 2.4.2

3.3. Nc cp cho
cng ngh qu
nng (do b t
ngoi tri) lm tan
chy nhanh
dng trong qu
trnh

3.3.1. Lm mi che cho b nc cp cho qu trnh ra

v cng ngh

3.4. Lu tr
tm thi cha tt

3.4.1. u t cc thng ng c bo n tt.

3.5. Bo qun
nguyn liu trong
thng cha v r
khng c bo n

3.5.1. Nguyn liu ch ch bin cn t trong cc thng

c bo n tt.

cy, vy
s dng nhiu

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

11

V sinh an ton
thc phm

4.1. V sinh an
ton thc phm
cha nghim ngt

4.1.1. V sinh khu vc sn xut cn thn v thng

xuyn.
4.1.2. Quy nh ni trang b bo h lao ng m bo
v sinh.
4.1.3. o to, nng cao thc v v sinh an ton thc
phm trong ch bin.
4.1.4. Nh 2.2.2

in nng tiu
th cao

5.1. Do s dng
n hunh quang
T10

5.1.1. Thay th bong T10 bng bong n T8

5.2. in p cp
cao (cao hn tiu
chun 6,1%)

5.2.1. H in p li cp xung cn 390V

5.3. R r in

5.3.1. Sa cha r r in

5.4. ng c chy
non ti v khng
ti

5.4.1. Tt cc ng c chy khng ti

5.4.2. Tt cc thit b in khi khng s dng
5.4.3. Thay ng c cho ph hp vi ti tiu th
5.4.4. Lp bin tn cho cc ng c my nn kho lnh

5.5. Bo dng
thit b km

5.5.1. Bo dng thit b thng xuyn: v sinh ng c,

cng li dy curoa, sit cht cc bulong nh v, ...

5.6. Nc lm
mt ca h in
lnh bn

5.6.1. V sinh thp gii nhit

5.6.2. Ph cn trong bnh ngng

5.7. Nh 3.3

5.7.1. Nh 3.5.1

5.8. R r dung
mi lnh

5.8.1. Sa cha cc v tr r r dung mi

5.8.2. Thay th thit b in lnh qu c

5.9. H thng ghi

chp in nng
tiu th km

5.9.1. Lp t cc ng h o in ti cc khu vc sn
xut v theo di s liu tiu th theo ca sn xut, ngy,
thng v nm, theo loi nguyn liu.

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

12

5 LA CHN CC GII PHP SXSH

5.1 Sng lc cc gii php SXSH
Bng 5

Sng lc cc c hi SXSH
Cc gii php SXSH

Phn loi

Thc hin
ngay

1.1.1 Kim sot cht ch nguyn liu

nhp v gim tp cht rn ln
trong tm nguyn liu

Ci thin
kim sot
qu trnh

1.1.2 Bo qun tt nguyn liu trong

vn chuyn v nhp gim nguyn
liu hng

Qun l tt
ni vi

1.1.3. Lp bng theo di lng

nguyn liu lun chuyn qua cc
cng on v lng cht thi pht
sinh theo ca, ngy v loi nguyn liu

Qun l tt
ni vi

2.1.1. Lp ng h theo di lng

nc s dng ti cc khu s dng
nc

Qun l tt
ni vi

2.1.2. Lp bng theo di lng nc

s dng theo m, ca lm vic, theo
ngy v tng hp s liu theo thng
v theo qu.

Qun l tt
ni vi

2.2.1. o to v nng cao thc tit

kim nc trong qu trnh s dng
nc cho cng nhn.

Qun l tt
ni vi

2.2.2. Ban hnh ch thng pht

hp l.

Qun l tt
ni vi

Cn phn
tch thm

2.3.1. Lp t vi ra nc p lc
cao v bm tng p gim tiu th
nc v sinh nn v sn thao tc.
Ci tin
thit b

Ci tin
thit b

Qun l tt
ni vi

Qun l tt
ni vi

2.4.2. Thay khun cy bng thp

khng g

Thay th
thit b

3.1.1. o to cng nhn vn hnh

m bo qu trnh ra cy hp
l.

Qun l tt
ni vi

3.1.2. Chuyn ngay cy vo kho

.

Qun l tt
ni vi

3.3.1. Lm mi che cho b nc cp

cho qu trnh ra v cng ngh

Qun l tt
ni vi

2.3.2. Lp kho vi nc ngay ti u

vi phun thun tin trong vic m
v ng vi nc
2.3.3. Sa cha cc v tr r r v lp
k hoch bo dng h thng nc
thng xuyn.
2.4.1. V sinh khun cy

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

B loi
b

Bnh lun/L do

u t lp t vi
ra nc p lc
cao khng i hi
k thut phc tp,
u t thp v
thi gian hon
vn s nh hn 6
thng.

13

3.4.1. u t cc thng ng c
bo n tt.

Thay th
thit b

3.5.1. Nguyn liu ch ch bin cn

t trong cc thng c bo n tt.

Qun l tt
ni vi

4.1.1. V sinh khu vc sn xut cn

thn v thng xuyn.

Qun l tt
ni vi

4.1.2. Quy nh ni trang b bo h

lao ng m bo v sinh.

Qun l tt
ni vi

4.1.3. o to, nng cao thc v v

sinh an ton thc phm trong ch
bin.

Qun l tt
ni vi

5.1.1. Thay th bong T10 bng bong

n T8

Thay th
thit b

5.2.1. H in p li cp xung cn
390V

Qun l tt
ni vi

5.3.1. Sa cha r r in

Qun l tt
ni vi

5.4.1. Tt cc ng c chy khng ti

Qun l tt
ni vi

5.4.2. Tt cc thit b in khi khng

s dng

Qun l tt
ni vi

5.4.3. Thay ng c cho ph hp vi

ti tiu th

Thay th
thit b

5.4.4. Lp bin tn cho cc ng c

my nn kho lnh
Ci tin
thit b

5.5.1. Bo dng thit b thng

xuyn: v sinh ng c, cng li dy
curoa, sit cht cc bulong nh v, ...

Qun l tt
ni vi

5.6.1. V sinh thp gii nhit

Qun l tt
ni vi

5.6.2. Ph cn trong bnh ngng

Qun l tt
ni vi

5.8.1. Sa cha cc v tr r r dung

mi

Qun l tt
ni vi

u t qu ln.
Trong tng lai
nu cng ty m
rng sn xut,
tng nng sut.
Gii php ny s
tr nn kh thi v
mang li li ch
ln.

u t qu ln.
Trong tng lai
nu cng ty m
rng sn xut,
tng nng sut.
Gii php ny s
tr nn kh thi v
mang li li ch
ln.

5.8.2. Thay th thit b in lnh qu

c
Thay th
thit b

5.9.1. Lp t cc ng h o in ti
cc khu vc sn xut v theo di s
liu tiu th theo ca sn xut, ngy,
thng v nm, theo loi nguyn liu.

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

Qun l tt
ni vi

14

5.2 Nghin cu tin kh thi cc gii php SXSH

5.2.1

Gii php s 3.3.1. Lm mi che cho b nc cp cho qu trnh ra v cng ngh

M t gii php
Nc cp cho qu trnh ra v nc cp cho cng ngh c cha trong mt b cha
bng inox v t trn cao, khng c che chn nn vo nhng ngy tri nng nhit
nc trong b cha tng ln cao. Mt c im ng ch l nh my nm trong vng
min Trung nn s gi nng cao, nhit trong cc thng tr nng rt cao, c th ti 35
0
39 C. Nc trong b cha b nng khi s dng cho qu trnh ra cy s lm cy
tan chy nhanh hn, o lm tn tht cy v cng l nguyn nhn lm tn tht in
nng. Khng ch c vy, nhit nc cao cp cho qu trnh cng ngh lm v tan
chy nhanh v nh hng n cht lng sn phm. Vic u t lm mi che cho b
nc m bo tit kim in nng v m bo cht lng nguyn liu ch bin.

Tnh kh thi v k thut ca gii php

u t lm mi che cho b cha l hon ton kh thi v mt k thut. Phng php n
gin l lp t 4 cc bng st v lp bng mi fibro-ximng. Phng n ny m bo
che c b cha trong ma nng, ng thi vo ma ng m bo b nc c nhit
lnh v c trao i nhit vi khng kh xung quanh.

Tnh kh thi v kinh t ca gii php

Chi ph u t lm mi che cho 2 b nc: 30 triu VN (c tnh 50m x

2
600.000 VN/m )
Li ch thu c:

Kch thc b: di 5 m ng knh 1,5m din tch tit din c 2 b l 15 m

Cng bc x nng lng mt tri 5kWh/m .ngy (s liu trm kh tng

thy vn min Trung)

Hiu sut hp th nng lng vo nc trong b c tnh 20%

Nhit nng chy ca nc 79,78 kCal/kg

Lng cng ty s dng trong 143 ngy l 728253 kg

Nng lng b hp thu trong ngy l:

2

5 kW/m .ngy x 15m x 20% = 15 kW/ngy = 12900 kCal/ngy

Lng b tan:
12900 kCal / 79,78 kCal/kg = 161,7 kg /ngy
161,7 kg / (728253 kg /143 ngy) = 3,2% tiu th (tng ng tn tht
3,2% nng lng in dng cho sn xut (= 25 kWh / ngy - vi hiu sut my lm
l 60%).
Lng tin tit kim c:
161,7 kg /ngy x 300 VN/kg x 300 ngy/nm = 14,550 triu VN/nm

Thi gian hon vn gin n:

30 / 14,55 = 2 nm

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

15

Mc d thi gian hon vn gin n n 2 nm nhng ngoi li ch tit kim

in, mt li ch ln hn l m bo cht lng nguyn liu ch bin v sn
phm.
Tnh kh thi v mi trng ca gii php
Vic u t cho lm mi che tit kim in nng, do gim CO2 pht sinh. Lng CO2
ct gim nh sau:
25 kWh/ngy x 0.72 kg CO2/kWh x 300 ngy/nm = 5.400 kg CO2/nm hay 5,4 tn
CO2/nm.

5.2.2

Gii php s 5.3.1. Sa cha r r in

M t gii php:
Mng phn phi in ni b ca cng ty: hin trng cc t in ca cng ty b nhim bn
ha cht gy r r in. Tn tht t phn phi in ca h thng nn kh nh sau: khi tt
c h thng thit b khng hot ng th vn c dng in chy trong dy cp trc vi
cng dng in tng ng trong 3 dy cp trc ln lt l 1,2 - 10 - 1,3 A v in
p pha trung bnh ti thi im o l 234 V. iu ny khng nhng gy ra tn tht in
nng m cn to ra s mt an ton cho cng nhn vn hnh v qun l h thng in.

Tnh kh thi v k thut ca gii php:

Vic thc hin hon ton c th m nhim bi cn b v cng nhn vn hnh ca cng
ty vi thao tc theo di v ct in ton b. Xc nh mt mt bng cch khi khng c
nguyn liu sn xut v sn phm lu tr trong kho lnh cn thit th tt ton
b cc h tiu th in, ghi li s in thay i xc nh tn tht. Sau c th tin
hnh ct in ton b cng ty, hoc b phn xng sn xut c t in, kim tra m
ve in v v sinh dy dn. Sy kh trc khi ng in tr li.

Tnh kh thi v kinh t ca gii php:

Theo tnh ton s b, nu cng dng in ca 3 dy trc ln lt l 1,2 - 10 - 1,3A
v in p pha trung bnh ti thi im o l 234V th tn tht in l::
P = U x I = 234 V x (1,2 + 10 + 1,3) = 234 x 12,5 = 2,93 kWh
2,93 kWh x 365 ngy/nm x 24 gi/ngy = 25667 kWh/nm
25667 kWh/nm x 1200 ng/kWh = 30.800.000 ng/nm

Tnh kh thi v mi trng ca gii php:

Tit kim in nng tng ng gim pht thi kh nh knh CO2:
25.667 kWh/nm x 0.72 kg CO2/kWh = 18,48 tn CO2/nm.

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

16

6 THC HIN
6.1 Danh sch cc gii php c thc hin

Bng 6

Danh sch cc gii php c thc hin

Phn loi

Cc chi ph thc
hin thc t

Ci thin kim
sot qu trnh

1.1.2 Bo qun tt nguyn liu

trong vn chuyn v nhp
gim nguyn liu hng

Qun l tt ni vi

0,2% x 1,534 tn nguyn

liu/tn SP x 55 triu
VN/tn nguyn liu x 1,25
tn SP/ngy x 300 ngy/nm
= 63,278 triu VN/nm

2.2.1. o to v nng cao

thc tit kim nc trong qu
trnh s dng nc cho cng
nhn.

Qun l tt ni vi

Tnh vo li ch chung

2.2.2. Ban hnh ch thng

pht hp l.

Qun l tt ni vi

Tnh vo li ch chung

2.3.3. Sa cha cc v tr r r
v lp k hoch bo dng h
thng nc thng xuyn.

Qun l tt ni vi

Tnh vo li ch chung

3.1.1. o to cng nhn vn

hnh m bo qu trnh ra
cy hp l.

Qun l tt ni vi

Tnh vo li ch chung

3.1.2. Chuyn ngay cy vo

kho .

Qun l tt ni vi

Tnh vo li ch chung

4.1.3. o to, nng cao thc

v v sinh an ton thc phm
trong ch bin.

Qun l tt ni vi

Tnh vo li ch chung

5.1.1. Thay th bong T10 bng

bong n T8

Thay th thit b

Thay th dn cc
bng T10 bi T8 khi
bng T10 chy

200 bng x 20W/bng x 6

gi/ngy x 300 ngy x 1200
VN/kWh = 8,64 triu
VN/nm

5.4.1. Tt cc ng c chy
khng ti

Qun l tt ni vi

Tnh vo li ch chung

5.4.2. Tt cc thit b in khi

khng s dng

Qun l tt ni vi

Tnh vo li ch chung

2% x 80% x 1.219 kWh/tn

SP x 1,25 tn SP/ngy x 300
ngy/nm x 1.200 VN/kWh
= 8,776 triu VN/nm

Tn gii php
1.1.1 Kim sot cht ch
nguyn liu nhp v gim
tp cht rn ln trong tm
nguyn liu

5.6.1. V sinh thp gii nhit

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

Qun l tt ni vi

Li ch kinh t d kin

17

Bng 7

Li ch ca cc gii php SXSH

Tn nguyn vt
liu / u vo

Li ch v k thut

Li ch v kinh
t
(triu VN/nm)

Trc khi p
dng SXSH

D kin sau khi

p dng SXSH

Lng NVL, NL
tit kim c

Tm nguyn
liu

1,543 tn/tn
SP

1,512 tn/tn
SP

0,031 tn/tn

Nc ngm

97,503 m /tn
SP

77,503 m /tn
SP

20 m /tn SP

6,000

in

1219 kWh/tn
SP

1142,7
kWh/tn SP

76,3 kWh/tn

34,335

Li ch v mi
trng
(Gim pht
thi/nm)

63,278

SP
3

26,601 tn
CO2/nm

SP
Tng cng: 103,613 triu ng

6.2 K hoch thc hin cc gii php SXSH

Bng 8

K hoch hot ng thc hin cc gii php SXSH

Gii php

Ngi chu trch

nhim i vi tng
gii php

Thi gian thc hin

K hoch quan trc

ci thin

Ln k hoch thc hin cc

gii php qun l ni vi

Phan nh c
Nguyn Vn ng

Thng 6/2009

Quan trc ngay sau

khi thc hin theo cc
biu mu quan trc v
thu thp s liu

Thc hin cc gii php c

qun l ni vi

i SXSH

Thng 6/2009

Ln danh mc cc gii
php
Ph duyt ca ban
lnh o v k hoch
thc hin

o to v hun luyn cn b
cng nhn vin nh k

Phan nh c
Nguyn Vn Hi
Nguyn Minh Hi
Nguyn Vn ng

6 thng/ln

i SXSH l nng ct
ca o to cng
nhn vin

Khi ng nh gi SXSH
cho cc sn phm khc (tm
ng lnh bc v, mc ng
lnh)

i SXSH

Thng 8/2009

C bo co nh gi
s b

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

18

7 DUY TR SN XUT SCH HN

7.1 Tip tc gim st
Thc hin theo di s liu chi tit theo tng cng on trong qu trnh sn xut, theo di
theo ca sn xut v tng hp vo cui ngy. Mi sn phm phi c theo di ring.
Cc s liu thu thp bao gm tt c nguyn, nhin liu v nng lng s dng cho qu
trnh sn xut.
Theo di s liu, tng hp v so snh theo hnh thc trc SXSH v sau SXSH.
Bng 11

K hoch tip tc gim st cp cng ty

Cng vic

Ngi chu trch

nhim gim st

Thi gian

Tm nguyn liu

i SXSH, chu
trch nhim chnh
l qun c
xng

Sau tng ca
(hng ngy)

Cn khi lng

Tm tt trn biu
ng cong cho thng, c
nm, theo tng loi sn
phm

Tm thnh phm

i SXSH, chu
trch nhim chnh
l qun c
xng

Sau tng ca
(hng ngy)

Cn khi lng

Tm tt trn biu
ng cong cho thng, c
nm, theo tng loi sn
phm

i SXSH, chu
trch nhim chnh
l qun c
xng

Sau tng ca
(hng ngy)

Cn khi lng

Tm tt trn biu
ng cong cho thng, c
nm, theo tng loi sn
phm

Nc mua

i SXSH, chu
trch nhim chnh
l qun c
xng

Hng tun

c trn cc ng h
o chnh

Tm tt trn biu
ng cong cho thng, c
nm, theo tng loi sn
phm

Nc ngm

i SXSH, chu
trch nhim chnh
l qun c
xng

Hng tun

c trn cc ng h
o chnh

Tm tt trn biu
ng cong cho thng, c
nm, theo tng loi sn
phm

in

i SXSH, cn b
c in

Hng tun

c trn ng h o

Tm tt trn biu
ng cong cho thng, c
nm, theo tng loi sn
phm

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

Phng thc

Thng bo cho ton th

cn b ca cng ty

19

7.2 Cc cng vic tip theo

Hin ti, Cng ty sn xut mt hng ch yu l tm ng lnh b u nn trong thi gian
ti, cng ty s tip tc duy tr nh gi SXSH trn sn phm ny. Nghin cu thc hin
cc gii php SXSH cha thc hin v quan trc, ghi chp v tng hp kt qu cc gii
php thc hin. M rng trng tm nh gi cho cc sn phm khc. Cc cng vic
tip theo s l: lp t ng h o nc cho xng, tin hnh n c o to tay ngh
thng xuyn cho cng nhn, quan trc cc kt qu thc hin m bo duy tr SXSH.

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

20

8 KT LUN
Trn y l Bo co nh gi Sn xut Sch hn ti Cng ty c phn Xut nhp khu
Thu sn Ngh An II. Bo co ny do Trung tm Sn xut Sch Vit Nam thc hin.
Chng ti xin chn thnh cm n D n SEMLA ti Ngh An, S Ti Nguyn v Mi
trng tnh Ngh An theo st n c, h tr chng tI trong ton b qu trnh nh
gi SXSH ti Cng ty. Chng ti cng xin chn thnh cm n s hp tc tch cc v hiu
qu ca Cng ty c phn Xut nhp khu Thu sn Ngh An II trong vic trin khai cc
hot ng SXSH.
Theo nh gi ca chng ti, Cng ty c phn Xut nhp khu Thu sn Ngh An II
thc hin SXSH trong mt khong thi gian khng di, li chu nhiu bin ng bt li do
khng hong kinh t th gii, nn rt nhiu gii php c tim nng tit kim nc v in
nng ti cng ty cha th thc hin c. Tuy nhin, cc kt qu ghi nhn bc u l
s cam kt nht tr thc hin SXSH ca ban lnh o Cng ty, s nhit tnh v thc
tham gia nh gi SXSH ca cn b cng nhn vin, c bit l cc thnh vin ca i
SXSH, mang li chuyn bin tch cc hn v thc hin SXSH: thc hnh tit kim
nguyn vt liu, nng cao thc ca ngi lao ng.
Ban qun l D n SEMLA Ngh An xem xt tip tc h tr doanh nghip trong vic thc
hin cc gii php nu trong bo co v duy tr SXSH ti doanh nghip.
Trong tng lai gn khi kinh t th gii n nh, cng ty s m rng nng cng sut sn
xut, nhng gii php c xut v nhng gii php mi s c p dng chc chn
s nng cao hiu qu sn xut ca cng ty. Bo co nh gi SXSH ny s c s
dng nh mt ngun tham kho v t vn hu ch cho doanh nghip.

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

21

9 PH LC
Bng ph lc 1: Kt qu o nh sng ( ri cc phn xng sn xut)
TT

Tn ch tiu

Gi tr o c trung bnh (lux)

PX tm s ch

PX tm tinh ch

106,2

146,7

Sai s tiu chun

11,5

9,5

lch tiu chun

39,8

32,9

Gi tr o c nh nht (lux)

40

90

Gi tr o c ln nht (lux)

174

192

S v tr o

12

12

TT

Tn ch tiu

Gi tr o c trung bnh (lux)

PX mc s ch

PX mc tinh ch

202,1

237,2

Sai s tiu chun

14,0

18,3

lch tiu chun

48,4

63,5

Gi tr o c nh nht (lux)

133

124

Gi tr o c ln nht (lux)

294

322

S v tr o

12

12

TT

Tn ch tiu

Gi tr o c trung bnh (lux)

Sai s tiu chun

lch tiu chun

PX cp ng

PX bao gi

108,0

115,4

9,8

19,5

29,4

43,5

Gi tr o c nh nht (lux)

71

70

Gi tr o c ln nht (lux)

157

173

S v tr o

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

22

Ph lc 2: Kt qu o in
S TT
1

Tn ng c
ng c my nn (my 1)

o c
U dy = 402 - 404
A

= 22,3 - 23,2

kW

= 11,6 - 13,2

kVA

= 15,6 - 16,1

Cos = 0,743 - 0,817

o

Nhit v ng c: 62,6 C
2

ng c my bm nc lm mt (my
1)

U dy = 404
A

= 3,1

kW

= 2,0

kVA

= 2,2

Cos = 0,91
o

Nhit v ng c: 71,9 C
3

ng c my khuy (my 1)

U dy = 404
A

= 3,7

kW

= 1,2

kVA

= 2,6

Cos = 0,47
o

Nhit v ng c: 44,5 C
4

ng c my nn (my 2)

U dy = 401 - 402
A

= 36,4 - 36,9

kW

= 14,2 - 15,1

kVA

= 25,2 - 25,7

Cos = 0,564 - 0,588

o

Nhit v ng c: 45 C

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

23

Ph lc 3: Mt s hnh nh trc thc hin SXSH

Cc khay lm b g st
lm gim cht lng ,
do tn tht in nng

cy c sn xut ra,
do cc khun b g st
nn c mt lp g st
phn di lp cy.
Lp g trong phi c
b i trc khi em vo s
dng. Mt mt , do
tng hao ht in nng, l
tt yu.

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

24

Khu vc nc kh trng
vo xng sn xut c rt
nhiu t .

Trang thit b bo h lao

ng cn c khu vc
ring lu tr, hn ch
s nhim bn.

Khi ra ngoi xng sn

xut, cng nhn cn tho
b trang thit b lao ng.

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

25

Nc ti b cha nc
tun hon ca h thng
gii nhit cha nhiu ru,
do gim hiu sut gii
nhit v gy tn tht in
nng.

Thp gii nhit khng

c v sinh nh k hay
ph cn gy ra hiu sut
gii nhit km.

ng c b g st. Cn
mt ch bo dng tt
hn.

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

26

in p co, khuyn co
theo di v h p ti trm
bin p.

R r in ngay c v
dy dn gy tn tht in
nng v mt an ton cho
ngi lao ng.

Vi nc ra p lc thp
v khng c kho ngay
u vi gy lng ph
nc.

Trung tm Sn xut sch Vit Nam

27