UDK: 271.2-525.7746.3.033 (495.

631 Hilandar)13

13461348. ,
.
,
, , , ,
.
,


.

(126 198 cm). ,
: . 1
2 ,
, .
, : II (12821328) ,

.3 ,

.

, .

. , XIV , 10 (1932) 113120;

idem, , 1940, 1618, . V, . 1.
2
. , , 1959, 42;
eadem, , in: I.
, 1977, 324, . 5.
3
G. Millet, Broderies religieuses de style byzantin II, Paris 1947,
9599, pl. CLXXXIII, CXCIX, CCIII, CCVCCXI.
1

()
. : NADYGROBNO
RIDANI ( XS
)
).4 (J S
, , ,
( ) , .
. :
. .
.
. .

.
,
. () ,
.
,
, , ,
. , .
, ,
. . , ,
, . ; : AGGEL K U. .
. ,
.
;
,
.

, .
.
: O AGJOS.
Cf. . , , 16.

169

. 1. , 13461348. (
G. Millet, Broderies religieuses de stile byzantin II, Paris 1947, pl. CLXXXIII, CCVCCXI)

. .
.
.
.
:
AGJOS AGJOS; .
, : AGJOS.
,
: AGJOS AGJOS.

.
(
)
. , ,
. , , . (), ,
.
().
, ,
, .
(), . .
(),5 .
.

170

5
v. K. Wessel, Evangelistensymbole,
in: Reallexikon zur byzantinischen Kunst II, Stuttgart 1969, 507516;
Lexikon der christlischen Iconographie I, RomFreiburgBaselWien

,
:
STYJ. B%E. STYJ KRHPKI STYJ BESMRTNI
POMLUI NAS .
.
: NBYSNI SILYJ OUDIVIWE SE STRAXOMY MRTVA TE []REE (, 169).6
: %IVOTY VY GROBH POLO%IWE
XA I AGGLSKA VOINYSTVA DIVLHX+ SE
SYXO%ENI EGO SLAVEE (, 1).
+SNUVY XE IAKO LYVY STRAWENY NA GROBH
( 49, 9).
: PRYVOPRHSTOLNI
SKOPYSKI SMHRENYJ J DARY PRINOWOU
MOMOU %IZNODAVCOU .7
,
: CRY. SPITY I MLYQITY VSA ZEML
NY ADY BDE...SYMOUAT S(E) (. 1).
,

, , , ( ),
. 1969, 696697; Lexikon fr Theologie und Kirche III, 12541255;
Lexikon des Mittel Alters IV, MnchenZrich 19871989, 138140.
6
: . . ,
,
III, 1917, 464.
7
. , VI, . 1926, 9754.

. 2. ,

; ;
AGJOS.
, , , . .

,
AGJOS.
. .
, ,
.8 .
(O ARX. GAVRIIL),
,
. .
(. 2).
: () ( 1, 28).

:
,
,9 , ,10
, , , .11
.
, .

. . , , .
1892, 3172; G. Millet, Recherches sur liconographie
de lEvangelie aux XIVe, XVe et XVIe sicles daprs monuments
de Mistra, de la Macedoine et du Mont-Athos, Paris 1916, 6792;
R. F. Taft, A. W. Carr, Annunciation, in: The Oxford Dictionary of
Byzantium, Oxford 1991 (: ODB) 106107.
9
, 11.
10
Ibid., 10.
11
Ibid., 11.

, .
.
.
. :
()
. ( 1, 38).
(
).12 (O )
.
. , , (M P), . . , .
.
( ),
.
( ) ; ; .
(M P) . . , . , , .
(. 2).
(
).13
.
, .
(O )
(M P).
. ( ),
12
, op. cit., 7577; Millet, op. cit., 99108; R. F. Taft, A.
W. Carr, Nativity, in: ODB, 14391440.
13
, op. cit., 99109; R. F. Taft, A. W. Carr, Hypapante,
in: ODB, 961962.

171

. 3.

.
( ), . ( []).
, .
(. 3).
( ).14
(M P) . .
. :
.
,
.
( [] , []
[] [][]).
, .
, ,
. ( ).
.
.
.
(. 3).
: , ,
.
15
(M P) .

172

14
, op. cit., 159191; Millet, op. cit., 170215; R. F. Taft,
A. W. Carr, Epiphany, in: ODB, 715.
15
, op. cit., 249257; Millet, op. cit., 232254; R. F. Taft,
A. W. Carr, Lazarus Saturday, in: ODB, 11981199.

, .
. .
. .
,
(. 4).
( ).16 .
.
, ,
. . ,
, . .
.
(. 4).
(
),17
. (M P) .
, .
. . ( , )
(. 6).
( ).18
, . . .
, op. cit., 195204; Millet, op. cit., 314385; G.
Pogskalsky, A. W. Carr, Transfiguration, in: ODB, 21042105.
17
, op. cit., 390423; A. W. Carr, Anastasis, in: ODB,
88.
18
, op. cit., 428445; R. F. Taft, A. W. Carr, Ascension,
in: ODB, 203.
16

 , . .
, , ; ,
,
(. 6).
: (),
, .
.19
. .
, .
. . (. 5).
.20
,
.
: [] . (O ). ( [] [] ), . ( [] ), .
, . ,
. .
, (. 5).
( ).21
. ( ) ,
.
.
. ,
(. 7).
(
).22 , .
. , ,

. . . . , , -

, op. cit., 258264; Millet, op. cit., 255284; A. W.

Carr, Entry into Jerusalem, in: ODB, 702703.
20
, op. cit., 314385; Millet, op. cit., 396460; G.
Podskalsky, Crucifiction, in: ODB, 555.
21
, op. cit., 394398; Millet, op. cit., 517540; A. W.
Carr, Myrrophoroi, in: ODB, 1430.
22
, op. cit., 448465; A. ,
, Seminarium Kondakovianum 2, Prague
1928, 223237; R. F. Taft, A. W. Carr, Pentecost, in: ODB, 16261627.
19

. 4.

(. 7).
:
,
. , , .
( ).23 ( []
[]) ,
.
, ,
. (O ). , .
.
23
. , , 1987, 170174
( ); A. W. Carr, Birth of the Virgin, in:
ODB, 291.

173

. 5. , ,

(O ) . . , .
(. 8).


( ).24 ( )
.
,

174

, op. cit., 162163 ( ); A. W.

Carr, Dormition, in: ODB, 651653.
24

. (M P)
, .
.
. ; . .
: , , , , ,
( ), ,
.
, , ,
.
. , -

 , . .
. , .
(.
9).
.25 .
, , .
, ,
, .
.
: , ,
, , .
,
, .
, .
.
( ), :
. . ( []
[] ),
: [] [] [] , .
( ).
( []
), : [] .
(. 10). (
[] []), ,
25. . ; : . (. 8).

, .
:
.
(). () ([ ] ).
: [] [] .
.
([ ] ),
: [] 25
Ch. Walter, Art and Ritual of the Byzantine Church, London 1982,
200212; H. J. Schulz, The Byzantine Liturgy Simbolic Structure
and Faith Expression, New York 1986, 105111; S. Tomekovi, Les
vques locaux dans la composition absidale des saints officiants,
Byzantinisch-Neugriechishe Jahrbcher 23 (1981) 6588; Ch.
Constantinidi, Le message idologique des vques locaux officiants,
25 (1996) 3950.

. 6. ( )

.
, (. 10).
([ ] [] [] []),
. : [] [] ,
. (. 9).

:
. , , ,
. .

.
.

.


. 175

. 7. .

,

. ,
,
,
, .26
13461348.
. ,
, .
-

176

26
. : 126
198 cm; : 73,5 148 cm;
: 24,8 20 cm; ,
, 24,7 104 cm;
24,3 22 cm; :
, 101 25 cm;
: 23,7 44,8 cm; 23,8 43,5 cm; 103 25
cm.

.
, ,
,
. , ,
, ,
,
,
.27 .
,
,
.
,
,
, . ( )
, ,
, , ,
.
.
XVI .28
,
, , .29 ()
.
,

. ( 440.
): () [ ] .
, ,30 , , , , , ,
,
[]
, .31 ,
.

. (. ),

. . , . ,
1909, 138142; Millet, Broderies religieuses, 94, pl.
CLXXXII, CXCIII, CCCCII, CCIV.
28
. . , XVI .,
1884, 215.
29
, op. cit., 14.
30
27, 59; 15, 46; 23, 53; 19, 40.
31
, PG 78, 294.
27

. 8. .

.32 , ,
.33
. ,


, ,

. ,
.34

,

32
: , ,
(. . , , 1889,
309310). -:
(PG 98, 417).
33

:
, (PG 87, 3999); . ,
, 1 (1912) 367371.
34
, op. cit., 14; ,
,
(PG 155,
728).

, ,
.35
XIII
()
,
. .


. (XIV )
: , , ;
, .
S[ve]tyj B[o]`e ,
.
. 120, XIV , : S[ve]tyj Bo`e.
,
: ,,Stanem dobrh, stanem so straxom popovh vozdyjma}t vzd+x i chl}et
prestol g l; st y j B `
e, i dkon. Stanem
s straxom. i pop. st y ji krhpkii. i pop. st y ji
bezsmertnyji pomil+i nas. i simet pop
vzd+x i shn a l}die po}t. ml st mir
`ertva i phnie.36
35
. . ,
, . 1902, 258261; , op. cit., 372377.
36
. , , XIIXIV .,
1897, 39. ,
.

177


,
, , , , .37 , ()
( 10, 113).

.

, . ,
: Pobhdn+} phsn po}
e, vopi}e, vzyiva}e i glagol}e.
, , , ,
( 1, 10; 4, 68)
.
(Svt,
svt, svt Gospod Sava&@$) ( 6, 3)

.

.
. .38
, . .
,
o .39

. ,
, ,
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
, .


,
.
,
, , , , ,
, ,
, . , PG 155, 316317.
, op. cit., 16.
39
Idem, II ( ,
), . 1920, 46.
37
38

178

,
.40
,
.41
: , ,
:
, , , , 42
:
, ,
. , , , , ,
, ,
, .43
.
,
.
,
().44
.45

.46

.
.47 :
, , .48 .49
,
:

,
. ?
.
, ,
. ,
, , ;
, ; , . , ,
, PG 150, 404.
Ibid.
42
(. . . ), 1978,
58.
43
Ibid., 116.
44
, op. cit., 362.
45


. cf. P. Johnstone,
The Byzantine Tradition in Church Embroidery, London 1967, 15, 94
95, pl. 92120; 15, 9596, pl. 78, 1114; 2930, pl. 35.
46
1, 2638; . , , 1961,
4446.
47
, II, 66.
48
, 31.
49
. , , . 4,
, 1916; , , 8395.
40
41

. 9.

,
.50


.51
.52 .53 :
, , .54
55
,
. , ,
, .56
, , .57
( )
.58

, in: , , 8788.
. ,
I ( ), . 1918,
104.
52
Ibid., 116.
53
Ibid.
54
2, 14; , 23.
55
2, 2239; , , 134137.
56
, PG 150, 409; , II, 67.
57
, PG 150, 409; , II, 68.
58
, I, 221222.
50

51

59
. ,

.60
61 , ,
.
, . .
,

,
.62

63


, ,
.64

;
.
,
.
Idem, , 105111.
, 31; , II, 6768.
61
Idem, , 160161.
62
, PG 150, 416; , II, 76.
63
Idem, , 251253.
64
17, 113; 9, 212; 9, 2836.
59
60

179

 ()65

: ,
, [
21, 9; 11, 9; 12, 13; 117 (118) 26].
.
.
.66
67
. .

, ,
,
.
, ,
. ( , ) , .
,
.
.68
: , ,
, , .69

.
, .70 ,
,
, .
,
: , ,
, , ,
, , .

. : , ,
, , ,
.71



, , 138142.
Idem, II, 94.
67
Idem, , 167168.
68
, PG 98, 422; , PG 150, 420; ,
II, 84.
69
, 49.
70
. . , ,
. 1892, 392398.
71
, 58.
65

66

180

: , ,
. , ,
, ,
. , ,
.72
73 , ,
.
: , , ,
.74
, :
, ,
( 27, 2), , : , , .75
,
.76
,

.
77
.
,78
,

. :
, , , : .79

,
.80
,
.81
,
,
.82
83 .
: Gj Jse Xe sne b`ij primi `rtvou si}. v
Ibid., 7374.
, , 223226.
74
, 58.
75
Ibid., 75.
76
, II, 120.
77
, PG 98, 452.
78
, , 227238.
79
, 59.
80
, PG 98, 436440.
81
, PG 155, 739.
82
, PG 98, 452.
83
, , . 1,
, 1915; , ,
3739.
72
73

. 10. . . . ,
; . ,

qst j v slav+. styj Bca. blagovenie. r`stvo.

vvedenie v sta styjx j polo`enie rize j posa i qestnago e ousphni i vshx e praznk.84


.85 ,
(1 3, 15),
.86
.
87 .

.88
,
, , ,
: , , : ( ) ;
() ,
, , .89
: , , , , ,
, , ,
,
,
, .
;
,
, -

. , .90
1300.
. : ,
, , , ,
, , ,
, , , ,
.91

.92


. 1088.
, .93


, .
,
.94


( 23, 45): (
27, 45; 15, 33; 23, 44),
( 27, 57; 15, 42). ()
95 .
, , 392398.
, op. cit., I, 907.
92
v. ,
II, 161; , I, 19012, 323325; . , , . 1894, 516519; . ,
I, . 190110, 34; , , 914.
93
, op. cit., 440443.
94
, op. cit., 78.
95
, , . 64; ,
, 259.
90
91

, , 8, 22.
, , 1.
.
86
Ibid., 1. .
87
, , . 6, , 1916; , , 4756.
88
, , 8, 22.
89
, , 9. 1. .
84
85

181

 , . .

,96 , , .
,
, .
: , ,
, , , 25.
. , , ,
.
.
. . ,97
. ,
: [ ].
() .
? . , , , ,
.

,98 ,99
100 .
:
[] []
. . ,
.
. ,

,
.101 . -

. .
: , I II.

.102

, , 18.
Millet, Broderies religieuses, 98, pl. CCVII.
98
(. . , - III, . 1903, . 307310; F. Miklosich,
Monumenta serbica, Viennae 1858, 561; . ,
III, 1864, 8486).
99
Miklosich, op. cit., 149, 161, 164, 171, 173, 179; , loc. cit.
100
Ibid., 8687.
101
. - . Broderies
religieuses de style byzantin, , . . II (1951) 327.
102
. , .
, 19 (1983) 4173, 96

97

182

.103
. 104 ,
I II
.

1274. 1275. .

, , ,

.

.
, ,
I ,
, , . , 1276. .
1275. .


. .
. ,
.
,
. : []
[]
.
.
.105
,

.


.
, , ,
. :
,,, ,
,
.
, ;
, ,
; , , .
, in:
XIII XIV , 1988, 3855.
103
Ibid.
104
. , , in: ,
2002, 361378.
105
, PG 98, 452.

 , , ,
,
, .106

. , . ,
( ),
.
.
, , .
,
.107
. , , ,
,
. :
,,
. . : , , , . .108
,
. , ,
.
, . , ,

. .

, , 1354. .
,
.109
, ,
.110
.
,
.
, .

, ,
: 1. ;
2. ; 3. ,
, ,
.
. . ,111 . 112 . .113
1346.

, , , ,
.114

1347. ,
, : ,,

, , .
;115 ,, ,
,
,
(, : )
.116

,
.
,
,
117 (

).
1346. ,118
1346.119
1346. .120

. . , , 1935; idem,
Skopska eparhija, in: Narodna enciklopedija srpsko-hrvatskoslovenaka, ed. S. Stanojevi, IV, Zagreb 1928 161.
112
, , 1718.
113
Millet, Broderies religieuses, 95.
114
, , 98100.
115
. ,
, 1912, 676.
116
Ibid., 676681.
v. . , ,
24 (1977) 83102; . , , 1998, 16, 3334.
117
, op. cit., 9899.
118
. , . , , 1936, 8283.
119
Ibid., 9293.
120
Ibid., 102103.
111

, 7778.
107
. , . . , . , ,
1978, 116, . 94; . , ,
in: . , 1975, 7274, 7980.
, : , , , . ,
.
108
, , 17.

( , 17).
109
Ch. Walter, Portraits of Bishops appointed by the Serbian
Conquerors on Byzantine Territory, in: Byzantum and Serbia in the
14th Century, Athens 1996, 296297; idem, The Portrait of Jakov of
Serres in London, Additional 39926, 7 (1977) 6572.
110
. ,
, 19902, 173.
106

183


13461348. .121 . ,
1347. 1348. .
.122
.
, , , 1392.
, .123
. . , .124

, ( )
.
.


,
.125

, , 18.
Millet, Broderies religieuses, 9596.
123
, , 18.
124
, , , , 116.
XIIIXVIII , -

(Puline Johnstone)
, , cf.
Johnstone, op. cit., 80.
125
, op. cit., 393.

121
122

Epitaphion of the Skopje Metropolitan Jovan in the treasury of the

Hilandar monastery
Janko Radovanovi
The epitaphion of the Metropolitan of Skopje, Jovan was created between 1346 and 1348. It is unique for
its beauty and religious ideas and, at the same time, it
is the oldest of those preserved in our country. The epitaphion was worn during the Holy Liturgy of the Great
Entrance in the cathedral churches and the major monasteries. Metropolitan Jovan presented the epitaphion as
a gift to my life-giver.
Depicted on its central field is the Deposition of
Christ in the Sepulchre (The Weeping at the Sepulchre).
Added around it, at a later time it seems, are bands representing the 14 Great Feasts and the Service of the Holy
Liturgy, in embroidery. It is being served by the greatest
fathers and teachers of the Church, and Metropolitan Jovan. The last composition represents an explanation that
the epitaphion was connected with the Holy Liturgy and
the Great Entrance. The epitaphion () is the clean
linen cloth in which Joseph of Aramathea wrapped Jesus Christ when laying Him to rest in the tomb. Since the
Holy Table in the church represents the tomb of Christ,
the epitaphion became bound to the Holy Table, early on.
The epitaphion was the upper covering of the Holy Table,
which gave the epitaphion its meaning.
The medieval expression epitaphion and the present-day aer mean the same thing. The medieval epitaphion was called aer ( ) or, shorter, eileton ( - I wrap). Before the beginning of the Holy
Liturgy, it was unwrapped and laid over the Holy Table,
on which the Eucharist was served. The Holy Table is the
credence of Christ, the throne of glory, the dwelling place
of God, the tomb of Christ and the repose.
As of the XIII century, the aer cover developed into
an epitaphion (epitaphios), which, during the Holy Liturgy of the Great Entrance, was worn on the head or shoul184 ders, firstly by priests and then by deacons, as well.

The Deposition of Christ in the Sepulchre in the

central part of the epitaphion is in close connection with
the 14 Great Feasts and the Service of the Holy Liturgy.
The ktetor emphasised it as an ensemble by placing the
last composition on the lower part of the epitaphion. The
entire Holy Liturgy presents all the acts of Christ: His arrival on earth, teaching, death, resurrection and ascension to the heavens.
The entire epitaphion could be explained with the
prayer before the Ascension of Amnos in the Liturgy of
Saint Basil the Great: And we, too, Your Grace, in remembering His redeeming passion, the life-giving cross,
the three-day interment, the resurrection from the dead,
and sitting on the right hand of You, Lord and Father,
and His second coming.
The paper provides the necessary explanations
about the close link between the Great Feasts with the
Holy Liturgy. Thus, the Feast of the Annunciation is
bound to the Incarnation of Christ and to the antiphonal singing. The credence represents the place of Christs
birth and the cave in Bethlehem. The star on the paten
represents the star that appeared in the sky when Christ
was born. The paten also represents the place of Christs
birth. The crucifixion of Christ is also tightly bound to
the Holy Liturgy, since all of Christs sufferings are repeated in it. During the liturgy on the Great Feasts, expressions of gratitude to Christ are chiefly mentioned for
the redemption of mankind, for his victory over sin and
death, and for the resurrection. This victory was established in order to unite men with God and is part of the
Holy Liturgy, which is the fundamental element of Christian worship.
The medieval epitaphion is not the same as the
present-day epitaphion of Good Friday and Holy Satur-

day, the use of which is not known in the liturgical books

of the XVI century.
The ktetor, Metropolitan Jovan is also participating in the composition of the Service of the Holy Liturgy,
holding a scroll with the opening words of the dismissal
prayer: You bless those who bless You. The epitaphion
was Jovans votive gift. The inscription of the dedication:
Dear Lord, mention the soul of Your servant, Jovan,
Archbishop of Skopje. Amen reveals his concern for the
fate of his soul on the Day of Judgment, and his hope in

the absolution of sin. As of Palm Sunday in 1346, Jovan

bore the title Primate Metropolitan of Skopje.
With the decline of church life in Byzantium and
Serbia during the time of enslavement by the Turks,
when magnificence in serving the liturgy was no longer
so important, the further development of the aers came
to a halt in the artistic sense. It was then that the large
aers (, ) ceased to exist. Those preserved in
the treasuries of monasteries and churches testify to the
times when church services were far more magnificent.

185