8/23/L?

* Astrofig legal research requires proper

attribution.
n These,

among others, require proper citation:

.
-

Pleadings and other court documents Scholarly articles

" J.0. tfiesis u Citatians show that one act..{k conducted

legal research.

" Av+id plagiarizing **at}er's work

"

Provide support for one's argument Aid the reader find ane's sources (raadmap)

o Not an overnight thing u Learninga new language

" Tip:
" Conrplete the citation details while reseivching

" Primary autlrorities

', Secondary authorities " Boak; ' Journal artirles * ?heres " "
t'lews clips Reliable websites

. TheBluebook u Generally. footnotes are sufficient.

"
Except, J,D.

Legal citation v- citation for sscial s(ienres " ALJ LeEalCitatia* 6uide

th$i5: bibliography

e/?3117

General rules:

* Footnotes

" Philippine Constitutisn;

PHrr-.

senten(e5

,A,c(ura(y

Corusr. aft"

__,

tl

_.

Subsequent(kation$

Note: Always cite the Constitlrtion in full.

r.
z.

PHrL.

Cosr. art. ll, $ 3,

PHrl. Cosr. art. li, $ 3.

* fodes/Stalutes:
FullTitle, [shortTitle], Statute Number, :ubdivisions, (year). 3. An Act to Ordain and lnstitute the Civil Code of the Philippines [Ctvrt Coor], Republic Act
FJo.

* Subsequentcitations:
ShortTitle, subdivisions.

(oNsr. art. x. Conr, art. 3. 5. 6" Id. art. zo7" 4.

Purr-. Crvn-

386, art. er (rg5o).

* Supreme Court Detisions:

Case

* Subsequent citatio*s:
First Pnrty, volume number SCRy'rlSCADrPhil. at cited page"

Title, volume number SCRAXSCADTPhII. first page, cited page (year).

7. Ateneo v. La Salle, +:6 SCRA

:q 4r{roo7}.

8. Atenea,+g6 s. td. rc.|d. al 52.

SCRA at

Sr*.

8l23lL2

* Sepa.ate apifiion$
Cite like an ordinary case (J. Surnarne of ng J ustice, se parateJconcurringfdissenti

Books with Single Author AurHoR, Trlr cited page {year of publication or edition number year of publication).
13.FLoRENz D. REGALADo, CRTMTNAL LAW

opinion).

rr.Ateneo

Adamson, 36 SCRA 3, 5r (zoo7) {J. Candelaria, dissenting apinion}. *-ld. at 59 {J. Yillanueva, concurring apinion}.
v.

CoNsparrus 45 (4th ed. zoog).

r4.ld. at aaz.

BookE with Multiple Authars Au.rHoR

o Subseque*tCitations
SURNAMH

Trlr

r & AurHon z oR AuTFloR 1, ET AL., cited page {year of publication or edition number year of publicati*n).
VruG & gRNEsro D. AcosrA,TAx

orAuTHoR(s), suprc note footnote, at page being cited,

]"S,JosE C.

r6.Rrear,n0o, supm note 13, at 13, q.Vru6 & Acostr, supra note 15, at 432.

Law *r.rn JunTspRUDENCE 89 (3d ed. zoo6).

o Consecatively Pagi*ated Journals

"

UnpubfishedTheses Author, Title of the Article, at page number (date) (description, institution that awarded the degree)
(source). zo. Jose P. Tejada Jr., ACritique of the Jurisprudence on the Matter of Supreme Court's Administrative Supervision, at er (zoo:) (unpublished J.D, thesis, Ateneo de Manila Universityi {on file with the Professional Schools Library At*nee de Manila U*iversity),

Author. Title af theArticle, volume nurnber JouRNAt first page, cited page (year). r8,Sarah LouY. Arrirla, Praposing *n ASEAN fluman Rights Commissian: A Critical Analysis,48ArENEo L.J. 9o5, 9o7 (uoa4). rg.td. at go8.

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n Webeites

u hlews ArticleE Online

Author (if available), Headine NewsenReq date of publication, avarloble af URL (last accessed date).
zz" Maila Ager, Tupas an disclosure of evidtnrc: What'swrong?, PHIL, DRti-v lt'io., Jan. 4t zoa?t avoilable at http:/,'newsinfo.inquirer.net/

Author, Title of the Article, avaloble at URL (last

accessed date).

:r.

United NationsOfice *f the High Commissioner for Human Rights, What are human ri ghts?, avai labte at hrtp I I www.ohcch. orlenlissuesPages/ WhatareHumanRights. aspx (last accessed
:

June 16.

ztr:).

r::3oe/tupas-on-disclosure-of-evidencewhat's-wrong (last aceessed June zQ eorz).

n SubsequentCitatigns
r,3-

14. Tejada Jr., surpa

Arriola, supra note 18, at g1o. note 2ol at 35. 25. Agerrsupru note za.

.+