Incompressible Flow Over Finite wings

Introduction

infinite wing

finite wing

2D flow phenomena windtunnel Aerodynamic coefficients :cl, cd, cm

3D flow phenomena Wing-tip vortices Real air Aerodynamic coeficientCL, CD, CM

Introduction

V
Streamline over the top surface Streamline over the bottom surface

Top view

cr

Wing area s

ct

Wing span b Low pressure highpressure

Front view

Introduction
Flow through finite wing

Schematic of wing-tip vortices

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction

Di

Di induced drag

i
eff
V
Local airfoil section of finite wing

D f skin friction drag D p pressuredrag profile drag coefficient q S induced drag coefficient C D,i Di q S Total drag (5.3) cd D f Dp (5.2)

i
geometric angle of attack i induced angle of attack eff effectiveangle of attack eff i

C D cd C D,i

Effect of downwash on the local flow over a local airfoil section of a finite wing