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Neushouser, Kevin. 1992. Democratic Stability in Venezuela: Elite Consensus or Class Compromise.
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Review Quarterly Digest, Winter 1991. , Michael
Stephen, The Human Rights of the Turkish Minority in
Western Thrace, Perceptions, December 1998 / Ianuary 1999.
9. . ,
, , 14 1997.
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282.
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4. .. , s , , T , 1909, , . 124 146, 1.
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108

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113

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transition Information sur les Sciences Sociales,
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3. Glazer N. Moynihan D. (ed.), Theory and
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4. J. Remy, L. Voy, E. Servais, Produire ou reproduire, Vol. I, edition Vie Ouvrire, Bruxelles 1978 .
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7. , T
(), e \ . U
V- \ . \ \ , y T . s A
A, V.
A \
. \ \ A 1923 X 1938,
.
8. \, t U t U 1923-1987, , 1994,
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10. y .
11. u y ^ \ . A T V
A y r
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U .
13. A A T A A
U \ \ .
14. 96 \ 7
1993.
15. . , op. cit., . 143-144.
16. , ^, , 1992, . 14.
17. . , op. cit., . 143.


\
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.
,
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\ . r A T, \ , A. A s ,
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.
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.
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T , X T T , \ A.
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U r, r

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T\ .
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, r , A , U . \ y \
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: A

T
T A T
r Ar \ a \ . , , _ T U A \ y
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sr, _ _ ,
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121

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.

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127

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,
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128

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a ( ): t r s V s.
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t r, A T ,
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, A T . V U\ A , t C, C u10.
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C u A T C

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Ar T
, A. , T,
()
T \ _ A \ :
X a Ar
_, y C y , y sr C T T. , a T. Tr @
T y ,
y A t T , T t y 11.

1. : (21-23). .
1998, . . , . 29.
2. (8-9), .., . 20.
3. (103-105), .., .
77-78.
4. (109-113), .., .
79-80.
5. (60-62), .., . 136-137.
6. (59-60), .., . 134-135.
7. (89-91), .., . 74.
8. (91-98), .., . 74-75.
9. (91-98), .., . 75.
10. (47-48), .., . 128.
11. (85-86), .., .
147-148.

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