SLEW RATE

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER DYNAMIC LIMITATIONS INEL 5207 - SPRING 2008 - M.TOLEDO

TRANSIENT RESPONSE
FOLLOWER (NON-INVERTING WITH UNITY GAIN) FREQUENCY RESPONSE

1 A= 1 1+jf t

STEP RESPONSE

1 vO = Vm (1 exp (t/ )) = 2 ft RISE TIME (TIME TO GO FROM 10% TO 90% OF VM)

0.35 tr = ft

CURRENT STARVING

VCC IA CC vn Q1 Q2 vp iO1 vp + gm vn ! iO1 -a2 Req Q3 Q4 1 vO

VEE

EXPONENTIAL & SLEW-RATE LIMITED STEP RESPONSE

Volts ! vO + vI + ! tr vO (exponential rsponse) vO(slew-rate limited) t Vm vI

HIGHER-ORDER POLES WOULD INTRODUCE RINGING - I.E. SMALL OSCILLATIONS ON RESPONSE

Volts vO

Volts

vO S.R. vI t vI S.R. t

Expected output: vO,expected = AvI If If

dvO,expected dt dvO,expected dt

> S.R. then

dvO dt

= S.R.

S.R. then the response is exponential.

For an input step, the critical output size Vom,crit beyond which the output becomes slew-rate limited, is vO,expected = Vom (1 exp (1/ )) Vom(crit) dvO,max = = S.R. dt S.R. Vom(crit) = S.R. = 2 fB where =
1 2 fB

, fB is the closed-loop bandwidth i.e.

fB = ft for unity gain, fB = ft for non-unity gain, where is the noninverting amplier feedback factor. Vom =| A | Vim where Vim is the size of the input step and A is the (inverting or non-inverting) amplier gain

When the input is a step and Vom > Vom(crit) , initially vO changes linearly vO (t) = SR t t < t1 for t > t1 where t1 is dened by Vom vO (t1 ) < Vom(crit) the output changes back to a linear response and. VO (t) = Vom (Vom vO (t1 )) exp
(tt1 )/

For an input sinusoid, non-slew-rate limited output signal vO = Vom sin 2 f t vO rate of change would be
dvO dt

= 2 f Vom cos2 f t
dvO dt max

maximum rate of change is at t = 0,

= 2 f Vom

thus for Vom = Vom,crit beyond which the output becomes slewrate limited, 2 f Vom,crit = S.R. or Vom(crit) =
S.R. 2 f

observe that Vom =| A | Vim where Vim is the size of the input sinusoid and A is the (inverting or non-inverting) amplier gain

Given desired Vom we nd the maximum frequency of sinusoid with undistorted output: fmax SR = 2 Vom