Present Simple (Th hin ti n) - English Tenses - Cch dng th trong ting Anh

Th Present Simple (th hin ti n) l th cn bn nht v c s dng thng xuyn nht trong ting Anh. y cng l mt th kh l th v n c th din t c hin ti ln tng lai.

CC TRNG HP C TH S DNG CA TH PRESENT SIMPLE

1. Facts and generalization -- S tht v li ni khi qut 2. Habits and routines -- Thi quen v chuyn thng nht 3. Permanent situations -- Nhng tnh hung mang tnh thng trc, lu di 4. State verbs (e.g. be, have, think, know) -- Cc ng t ch trng thi 5. Fixed / official arrangement that we can't change -- S sp xp c nh hay chnh

thc m chng ta khng th thay i

6. Narrations (e.g. telling a story or a joke)

-- S tng thut

Ch : Ngoi nhng trng hp trn, th Present Simple cn c dng trong: Zero Conditional (iu kin loi 0 - s tht tng quan): If it rains, I go play football -- Nu tri ma l ti i banh. First Conditional (iu kin loi 1 - c th xy ra hin ti hoc tng lai) - We won't get our pocket money, if we don't pass this exam -- Chng con s

khng ly tin tiu vt na nu chng con khng u k thi ny). Trong cc cu sau cc t nh: "when", "before", "till", "after", "as soon as": Before you leave, please take the keys -- Trc khi bn i, nh mang theo cha kha.

TRNG HP 1: Facts and Generalizations -- S tht v li ni khi qut

Trng hp s dng quan trng nht ca th Present Simple l ni v nhng th m chng ta tin (hay khng tin) l s tht. N cn c dng m t tng qut v mt ngi hay vt. V d:

It is a big house -- l mt ngi nh ln. He talks a lot -- Anh ta ni nhiu lm. Berlin is the capital city of Germany -- Berlin l th ca nc c. Buenos Aires is a large city -- Buenos Aires l mt thnh ph rng ln. The Elephant doesn't fly -- Con voi khng bay c. Dogs don't smoke cigarettes -- Ch khng ht thuc l. A dog is not large than an elephant -- Ch th khng ln hn voi. London is the capital city of France -- London l th ca nc Php. (Lu : khng nht thit ngha ca cu phi ng)

TRNG HP 2: Habits and Routines - Thi quen v chuyn thng nht

Th Present Simple cng c dng din t mt thi quen hay chuyn thng nht. V d: We leave for work at 7.30 every morning -- Chng ti ri nh i lm lc 7.30 mi bui sng. Susan often meets with her friends after school -- Susan thng gp bn b ca c trng. They usually play football on Sunday -- H thng chi bng vo Ch Nht. Mark rarely visits his sick grandmother - Mark him khi thm ngi b b m ca mnh. I always go to church on Sundays -- Ti lun lun i nh th vo ch Nht. I never eat anything after 10 p.m -- Ti khng bao gi n g sau 10 gi m. Th Present Simple thng c dng vi cc trng t ch s thng xuyn (din t bao lu th s vic xy ra mt ln) sau: always -- lun lun never -- khng bao gi frequently/often -- thng/hay usually -- thng xuyn seldom/rarely -- t khi/him khi nowadays -- ngy nay every week/year -- mi tun/nm sometimes/occasionally -- thnh thong from time to time -- thnh thong

TRNG HP 3: Permanent Situations -- Nhng tnh hung mang tnh thng trc, lu di
Dng th Present Simple ni v cc tnh hung trong cuc sng din ra tng i lu di. V d:

I live in Boston -- Ti sng Boston. He works as a fireman -- Anh y lm nhn vin cu ha. Margaret drives a Porshe -- Margaret li chic Porshe. Jerry doesn't teach maths at highschool -- Jerry khng dy ton bc trung hc.

TRNG HP 4: State Verbs -- ng t ch trng thi

Bn nn dng th Present Simple vi cc ng t ch trng thi (state verbs). l cc ng t ch s khng bin i hoc di chuyn nh be, have, seem, consist, exist, possess, contain, belong...; cc hot ng tnh cm nh like, love, hate...; hot ng tri thc nh know, understand, believe... Cc ng t ch trng thi khng th kt hp vi - ing to thnh cc th tip din (progressive tenses). Nhng cu sau y SAI v cc ng t thuc loi trng thi: I am seeing that lovely girl. We are having a wonderful holiday. I am thinking that we should accept it. Tuy nhin, mt s ng t ch trng thi khi mang ngha khc li tr thnh ng t ch hnh ng. Khi , chng c th dng vi cc th tip din. Xem thm: "Cc ng t ch hnh ng v trng thi" cng trong phn Bi vit ca HelloChao.com. V d:

I like swimming -- Ti thch i bi. We know this man -- Chng ti bit ngi n ng ny. He is very witty -- Anh ta rt d dm. We have a beautiful garden -- Chng ti c mt khu vn rt p. I think we should go now -- Ti ngh chng ta nn i ngay. I expect so -- Ti mong l th. The picture looks beautiful -- Bc tranh ny trng p qu. This flower smells very strange -- Bng hoa ny c mi l qu. He appeared excited -- Anh ta trng rt ho hng. I love holidays -- Ti yu nhng k ngh. I hope you don't mind the noise -- Ti mong ng khng phin v ting n.

TRNG HP 5: Fixed / Official arrangements -- S sp xp c nh hay chnh thc

Dng th Present Simple ni v cc s kin chng ta khng th thay i c (nh mt cuc hp quan trng phi tham d, gi khi hnh ca chuyn bay). V d:

The meeting starts at 4 pm -- Cuc hp bt u lc 4 gi chiu. The train leaves at the noon -- Chuyn tu khi hnh bui tra. When does the plane take off? -- My gi th my bay ct cnh?

Jerry doesn't teach maths at highschool -- Jerry khng dy ton bc trung hc.

TRNG HP 6: Narrations -- S tng thut

Th Present Simple cng c dng tng thut (nh thut li mt cu chuyn hay k mt truyn ci). V d: A man goes to visit a friend and is amazed to find him playing chess with his dog. He watches the game in astonishment for a while [...] Mt ngi n ng i thm mt ngi bn v rt ngc nhin khi thy anh ta chi c vi con ch ca mnh. ng ngc nhin xem trn u mt lc lu...

Nhng trng hp khc...

Mt vi ng t dng th N cng c th dng th TIP DIN khi chng nhn mnh tnh sinh ng. V d:

I'm thinking of moving to San Francisco -- Ti ang ngh n vic dn n San Fransisco. I'm loving your new hairdo! -- Ti ang thch kiu tc ca bn.