Lu , mi ngy ch c vi cng thc trnh lon.

Nn kt hp lm bi tp vn dng, I/-Phn V C
1. Tnh lng kt ta xut hin khi hp th ht lng CO2 vo dd Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2: nkt ta=nOH- nCO2 (k:nktaCO2) 2. Tnh lng kt ta xut hin khi hp th ht lng CO2 vo dd cha hn hp NaOH v Ca(OH)2 hocBa(OH)2: nCO3- = nOH- nCO2 So snh vi nBa2+ hoc nCa2+ xem cht no phn ng ht (k:nCO3-CO2) 3. Tnh VCO2 cn hp th ht vo dd Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2thu c lng kt ta theo yu cu: +) nCO2 = nkta +) nCO2 = nOH- - nkta 4. Tnh Vdd NaOHcn cho vo dd Al3+ xut hin lng kt ta theo yu cu: +) nOH- = 3nkta +) nOH- = 4n Al3+ nkta 5. Tnh Vdd HCl cncho vo dd Na[Al(OH)]4 (hoc NaAlO2) xut hin lngkt ta theo yu cu: +) nH+ = nkta +) nH+ = 4nNa[Al(OH)]4- 3nkta 6.Tnh Vdd NaOHcn cho vo dd Zn2+ xut hin lng kt ta theo yu cu: +) nOH- = 2nkta +) nOH- = 4nZn2+2nkta 7. Tnh khi lng mui sunfat thu c khi ho tan ht hn hp kim loibng H2SO4 long gii phng H2: msunfat = mh2 + 96nH2

71 CNG THC GIAI NHANH HOA HOC ***

8. Tnh khi lng mui clorua thu c khi ho tan ht hn hp kim loi bng dd HCl gii phng H2: m clorua = mh2 +71nH2 9. Tnh khi lng mui sunfat thu c khi ho tan ht hn hp oxit kimloi bng H2SO4 long: msunfat = mh2 + 80nH2SO4 10.Tnh khi lng mui clorua thu c khi ho tan ht hn hp oxitkim loi bng dd HCl: m clorua = mh2 +27,5nHCl 11. Tnh khi lng mui clorua thu c khi ho tan ht hn hp kimloi bng dd HCl va : m clorua = mh2 +35,5nHCl 12. Tnh khi lng mui sunfat thu c khi ho tan ht hn hp cckim loi bng H2SO4c,nng gii phng kh SO2 : mMui= mkl +96nSO2 13. Tnh khi lng mui sunfat thu c khi ho tan ht hn hp cckim loi bng H2SO4c,nng gii phng kh SO2 ,S, H2S: mMui= mkl + 96(nSO2 + 3nS+4nH2S) 14. Tnh s mol HNO3cn dng ha tan hn hp cc kim loi: nHNO3 = 4nNO + 2nNO2 + 10nN2O +12nN2 +10nNH4NO3 Lu : +) Khng to ra kh no th s mol kh bng0. +) Gi tr nHNO3khng ph thuc vo s kim loi trong hn hp. +)Ch khi tc dng viFe3+ v Fe kh Fe3+ v Fe2+ nn s mol HNO3 dng ho tan hn hp kim loi nh hn so vi tnh theo cng thc trn. V th phini r HNO3 dbao nhiu %. 15. Tnh s mol H2SO4 c,nng cn dng ho tan 1 hn hp kim loi da theo SO2 duy nht: nH2SO4 = 2nSO2 16. Tnh khi lng mui nitrat kim loi thu c khi cho hn hpcckim loi tc dng HNO3( khng c s to thnh NH4NO3): mmui = mkl + 62( 3nNO + nNO2 + 8nN2O +10nN2) Lu : +) Khng to ra khno th s mol kh bng 0.

+) Nu c s to thnh NH4NO3 th cng thm vo mNH4NO3c trong dd sau phn ng. Khi nn gii theo cch cho nhn electron. +) Ch khi tc dngvi Fe3+,HNO3 phi d. 17.Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi cho hn hp st v ccoxit st tc dng vi HNO3 d gii phng kh NO: mMui= 242/80.(mh2 + 24nNO) 18.Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi ho tan ht hn hpgm Fe,FeO, Fe2O3,Fe3O4 bng HNO3c,nng,d gii phng kh NO2: mMui= 242/80.(mh2 + 8nNO2) Lu : Dng ton ny, HNO3 phi d mui thu c l Fe(III).Khng cni HNO3 v Fe d s kh Fe3+ v Fe2+ : Nu gii phng hn hp NO v NO2th cng thc l: mMui= 242/80.(mh2 + 8.nNO2 +24.nNO) 19.Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi ho tan ht hn hpgm Fe,FeO, Fe2O3,Fe3O4 bng H2SO4c,nng,d gii phng kh SO2: mMui= 400/160.(mh2 + 16nSO2) 20. Tnh khi lng st dng ban u, bit oxi ho lng st nybng oxi c hn hp rn X. Ho tan ht rn X trong HNO3 long dc NO: mFe= (mh2 + 24nNO) 21. Tnh khi lng st dng ban u, bit oxi ho lng st nybng oxi c hn hp rn X. Ho tan ht rn X trong HNO3 long dc NO2: mFe= 56/80.(mh2 + 8nNO2) 22.Tnh VNO( hoc NO2) thu c khi cho hn hpsn phm sau phn ng nhit nhm(hon ton hoc khng hon ton) tc dng viHNO 3: nNO = 1/3.[3.nAl + (3x -2y)nFexOy nNO2 = 3nAl + (3x -2y)nFexOy 23. Tnh pH ca ddaxit yu HA: pH = (log Ka + logCa) hoc pH = log( xCa)

(Vi x l in li ca axit trong dung dch.) Lu : cngthc ny ng khi Ca khng qu nh (Ca > 0,01M) 24. Tnh pH ca ddhn hp gm axit yu HA v mui NaA: pH = (log Ka + logCa/Cm ) ( Dd trn c gi l dd m) 25. Tnh pH ca dd axit yu BOH: pH = 14 + 1/2.(log Kb + logCb) 26. Tnh hiu sutphn ng tng hp NH3 : (Tng hp NH3 t hn hp gm N2 v H2vi t l mol tng ng l 1:3) H% = 2 2Mx/My (Vi X l t khi ban u v Y l t khi sau) Lu : % VNH3 trong Y c tnh: %VNH3 = Mx/My 1 27. Xc nh kim loi M c hiroxit lng tnh da vo phn ng dd Mn+vi dd kim. D M l kim loi no trong cc kim loi c hiroxit lng tnh(Zn,Cr,Sn,Pb, Be) th s mol OH-dng Mn+ kt ta tonb sau tan va ht cng c tnh l : nOH- = 4nMn+ = 4nM 28. Xc nh kim loi M c hiroxit lng tnh da vo phn ng dd Mn+vi dd MO2n-4 (hay [M(OH)4] n-4) vi dd axit: D M l kim loi no trong cc kim loi c hiroxit lng tnh(Zn,Cr,Sn,Pb, Be) th s mol H+ dng kt ta M(OH)n xuthin ti a sau tan va ht cng c tnh l : nH+= 4nMO2n-4 = 4n[M(OH)4]n-4 29.Tnh m gam Fe3O4 khi dn kh CO qua,nung nngmt thi gian, ri ho tan ht hn hp rn sau phn ng bng HNO3long d c kh NO l duy nht: m = 232/240.( mx + 24nNO) Lu : Khi lng Fe2O3 khi dn kh CO qua,nungnng mt thi gian, ri ho tan ht hn hp rn sau phn ng bng HNO3long d c kh NO l duy nht: m = ( mx + 24nNO)

30. Tnh m gam Fe3O4 khi dn kh CO qua,nung nngmt thi gian, ri ho tan ht hn hp rn sau phn ng bng H2SO4c, nng, d c kh SO2 l duy nht: m = 232/240.( mx + 16nSO2) Lu : Khi lng Fe2O3 khi dn kh CO qua,nungnng mt thi gian, ri ho tan ht hn hp rn sau phn ng bng H2SO4c, nng, d c kh SO2 l duy nht: m = ( mx + 16nSO2)

II.PHN HU C:

31. Tnh hiu sut phn ng hiro ho nken: Tin hnh phn ng hiro ha anken CnH2n t hnhp X gm anken CnH2n v H2 (t l 1:1) chn hp Y th hiu sut hiro ho l: H% = 2 2Mx/My 32. Tnh hiu sut phn ng hiro ha anehit n chc no: Tin hnh phn ng hiro ha anehit n chc no CnH2nOt hn hp hi X gm anehit CnH2nO v H2 (tl 1:1) c hn hp hi Y th hiu sut hiro ho l: H% = 2 2Mx/My 33. Tnh % ankan A tham gia phn ngtch(bao gm phn ng hiro ho ankan v phn ng cracking ankan: Tin hnh phn ng tch ankan A,cng thc C2H2n+2c hn hp X gm H2 v cc hirocacbon th % ankan A phn ngl: A% = MA/MX 1 34. Xc nh cng thc phn t ankan Ada vo phn ng tch ca A: Tin hnh phn ng tch V(l) hi ankanA,cng thc C2H2n+2 c V hi hn hp X gm H2v cc hirocacbon th ta c: MA = V'/V MX 35.Tnh s ng phn ancol n chc no: S ng phn ancol CnH2n+2O = 2n-2 (1< n < 6) 36.Tnh s ng phnanehit n chc no:

S ng phn anehit CnH2nO = 2n-3 (2< n < 7) 37.Tnh s ng phn axit cacboxylic n chc no: S ng phn axit CnH2nO2 = 2n-3 (2< n < 7) 38.Tnh s ng phn este n chc no: S ng phn este CnH2nO2 = 2n-2 (1< n < 5) 39. Tnh s ete nchc no: S ng phn ete CnH2nO = (n 1)( n 2)/2 (2< n < 6) 40. Tnh s ng phn xeton n chc no: S ng phn xeton CnH2nO = (n 2)( n 3)/2 (2 < n < 7) 41. Tnh s ng phnamin n chc no: S ng phn amin CnH2n +3N =2n -1 (n < 5) 42. Tnh s C ca ancol no hoc ankan da vo phn ng chy: s C ca ancol no hoc ankan = nCO2/(nH2O - nCO2) 43.Tm cng thc phn t ancol no, mch h da vo t l mol gia ancolv O2 trong phn ng chy: Gi s t chy hon ton 1 mol ancol no, mch h A, cng thc CnH2n+2Ox cn k mol th ta c: n = (2k - 1 + x)/3 (x=n)

44. Tnh khi lng ancol n chc no( hoc hn hp ancol n chc no)theo khi lng CO2 v khi lng H2O: mancol = mH2O mCO2/11 Lu : Khi lng ancol n chc( hoc hn hp ancol n chc no ) cnc tnh: mancol = 18nH2O 4nCO2

45. Tnh s i, tri,tetra , n peptit ti a to bi hn hp gm x amino axit khc nhau: S n peptitmax = xn 46. Tnh s trigilxeritto bi gilxerol vi cc axit cacboxylic bo: S trieste = n^2.(n+1)/2 47. Tnh s ete tobi hn hp n ancol n chc: S ete = n.(n + 1)/2 48. Tnh khi lung amino axit A ( cha n nhm NH 2 v m nhmCOOH ) khi cho amino axit ny vo dung dch cha a mol HCl, sau cho dungdch sau phn ng tc dng va vi b mol NaOH: mA = MA.(b -a)/m (NH2)nR(COOH)m Lu : (A): Amino axit (NH2)nR(COOH)m. +) HCl (1:n) mui c M = MA+ 36,5x. +) NaOH (1:m) mui c M = MA+ 22x. 49. Tnh khi lung amino axit A ( cha n nhm NH 2 v m nhmCOOH ) khi cho amino axit ny vo dung dch cha a mol NaOH, sau cho dungdch sau phn ng tc dng va vi b mol HCl: mA = MA.(b -a)/n (NH2)nR(COOH)m Lu : Lysin: NH2(CH2)4CH(NH2)COOH. Axitglutamic: H2NC3H5(COOH)2. 50. Tnh s lin kt ca hp cht hu c mch h A, cng thc CxHyhoc CxHyOz da vo mi lin quan gia s molCO2; H2O thu c khi t chy A: A l CxHy hoc CxHyOz mch h,chy cho nCO2 nH2O = k.nA th A c s = k +1 Lu : Hp cht CxHyOzNtCluc s max = (2x - y - u + t + 2)/2 51. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca mtanken da vo phn t khi ca hn hp anken v H2trc v sau khidn qua bt Ni nung nng:

n = (M2 -2)M1/14(M2 - M1) (Phn ng hiro ho.) Lu : +) M1 l phn t khi hn hpanken v H2 ban u. +) M2 l phnt khi hn hp sau phn ng, khng lm mt mu dd Br2. +) Cng thc ca ankinda vo phn ng hiro ho l: n =(M2 -2)M1/7(M2 - M1) 52.CT trong p tng hp N2 v H2 N2 v H2 c Mtb=a, tin hnh p to ra hh c Mtb=b. Tnh hiu sut ca p? Gi s nH2=x, nN2=y Bng pp ng cho ta c c: x/y=(28-a)/(a-2) *x>3y: H=0,5(1-a/b)(1+x/y) *x<3y: H=1,5(1-a/b)(1+x/y) *x=3y : H=2-2*x/y Vd: (N2 + H2 ) c d so vi H2 l 4,25, p hon ton to ra hn hp c d so vi H2 l 6,8. Tnh H ca p? Ta c: x/y=(28-8,5)/(8,5-2)=3 H=2-2*8,5/13,6=0,75 H=75% ngoi ra cn c ct tnh %NH3 trong hn hp sau: %NH3=(b/a )- 1 53. CT tnh H ca p hidro ha anken, andehit (1:1) H=2-2*a/b Vd: H2 v C2H4 c d so vi He= 3,75 hn hp c d so vi He=5. Tnh H ? Bng pp ng cho ta tnh c nH2 : nC2H4= 1:1 H=2-2*15/20=0,5 H=50% 54. X Ct ankan da vo p tch: V lt ankan A to ra V lt hh gm H2 v cc hidrocacbon, bit Mtb. Tm ankan? CT: Ma*V=Mhh sau*V Vd: tin hnh p tch V lt ankan A to ra 4V lt hi gm H2 v cc hidrocacbon, bit d so vi H2=12,5. Tm A? p dng CT: Ma*V=4V*12,5*2 Ma=100 C7H16

55. X ct ca anken da vo phn t khi ca hh trc v sau p: H2+ CnH2n c Mtb=2a hh c Mtb=2b. Tm CT ca anken? CT: n=a*(b-1)/7*(b-a) Vd: 1 hh gm CnH2n v H2 c d so vi H2=5 hh c d so vi H2= 6,25. X ct anken? n=5*(6,25-1)/7*(6,25-5)=3 C3H6 i vi ankin th nhn 2 vo CT 56. hh oxits kim loi kim v th + H2O dd X v a mol kh, dd X + dd cha b mol H+. CT: b=2a Vd: cho hh gm Na2O, K2O,CaO, BaO + H2O 2,24 lt H2 + dd X, Cho dd X vo V lt dd Y gm HCl 1M v H2SO4 O,5 M. Tm V? Ta c : V+ 0.5V=2*0,1V=0,13 lt 57. CT tnh % ca 1 trong 2 cht khi bit 1 gi tr trung bnh (kl mol, s C, lk pi,...) Gi s hai cht A1, A2 c gi tr tb l Atb %A1= tr tuyt i(Atb-A2)/tr tuyt di(A2-A1) %A2= tr tuyt i(Atb-A1)/tr tuyt di(A2-A1) [cng thc d dng chc minh t qui tc ng cho] Cc cng thc ch tnh % v s mol ..hoc t l s mol 58. Crackinh ankan to ra hh c Mtb=a bit H%. Ankan c kl pt l M M=(H+1)*a T cng thc ny ta c th tnh H hay l M Vd: tin hnh p tch 1 lng butan c hh Y gm H2 v cc hidrocacbon . bit d ca hh so vi H2=23,2. H=? H=58/46,4-1=25% 59. Ct tnh mui Cl khi cho mui CO3 + HCL nCO2 kl mui Cl= m mui CO3 +11nCO2 [d dng chng minh t tng gim kl]

60. R + H2SO4 mui+ sp kh +H2O Ta c : m mui = mR+ 96*(2nSO2+ 6nS+ 8nH2S)/2 nH2SO4= 2nSO2+ 4nS+ 5nH2S 61. MO + H2SO4 mui SO4 + H2O m mui SO4= m oxit + 80nH2SO4 62. mui CO3 + H2SO4mui SO4 + CO2 +H2O Mui SO4= m muiCO3 + 36nCO2 63. Mui S + HCl mui Cl + SO2+H2O m mui Cl= m MS- 9nSO2 64. KL+H2O hoc axit, dd kim , NH3 H2 Ta c: a*nKL=2nH2 (a l tng e nhng) 65. cho m gam Fe + HNO3. Tnh lng HNO3 min hoc max hon tan ht Fe. nHNO3min=(2m/56)*(1+a/ e nhn) nHNO3max=(3m/56)*(1+a/ e nhn) [a=1 nu l NO, NO2 ; a=2 nu l N2O, N2] (NO: nHNO3min=m/21 ; nHNO3max=m/14 NO2: nHNO3min=m/24 ; nHNO3max=3m/28) 66. m gam hh Cu, CuS, Cu2S, S + HNO3 a mol e nhn . Tnh kl mui Cu(NO3)2? mCu(NO3)2=(1,2m-6,4n e nhn)*188/64 67. hh oxit Cu + HNO3 hoc H2SO4 Cng thc qui i Cu: mCu=0,8*m hhoxit + 6,4*n e nhn 68. phn tch h s ca p c CxHy ta c kt qu: nCxHy= (nH2O-nCO2)/(1-k) 69. cho Fe + O2 m gam hh oxit , cho HNO3 v hh oxit sp kh.

T chng minh bng cch ghp n s hoc qui i tc nhn oxi ha mFe=0,7* + 5,6*n e nhn y l ct m ra 3 cng thc con l: m mui NO3=(m hh oxit +24nNO)*242/80 m mui NO3=(m hh oxit +8nNO2)*242/80 mFe= (m hh oxit + 24nNO hay 8nNO2 ) *56/80 vd: 1) 12 gam hh rn gm Fe,FeO,Fe2O3,Fe3O4 + CO m gam Fe. Cho lng Fe thu c +HNO3 1,12 lt NO. Tnh m? Ta c: mFe= (12+ 24*0,05)56/80=9,24 gam 2) 6 gam hh Fe,FeO,Fe2O3,Fe3O4 + HNO3 3,36 lt NO2. tnh kl mui thu dc? m mui=(6+0,15*8)242/80=21,78 2 v d trn ta cng c th p dng ct m : 1/ mFe= 0,7*12+ 5,6*0,05*3=9,24 2/ mFe= 0,7*6+ 5,6*0,15*1=5,04 m mui= 242*5,04/56=21,78 gam 70. hh oxit Fe + H2SO4 sp kh Ta c cng thc m: mFe2O3= m hh oxit + 8*n e nhn ct con: m mui = (m hh oxit + 16nSO2)*400/160 Vd: 30 gam hh oxit Fe + H2SO4 11,2 lt SO2. Tnh m mui? M mui = (30+16*11,2/22,4)400/160=95 gam 71. CT tnh V NO hoc NO2 thu c khi cho hh sp sau p nhit nhm + HNO3 nNO=1/3(3nAl + [3x-2y]nFexOy) nNO2=3nAl+ (3x-2y)nFexOy vd: 8,1 gam Al + 7,2 FeO rn Y . Cho hh rn Y+ HNO3 V lt NO2 ta c: nNO2=22,4*[3*8,1/27 + 7,2/72]=22,4 lt 72. m gam FexOy cho tc dng H2SO4 n SO2 Ha tr Fe trong oxit=3- nSO2/nFe2(SO4)3

73. X ct ca anken da vo phn t khi ca hh trc v sau

p: H2+ CnH2n c Mtb=2a hh c Mtb=2b. Tm CT ca anken? CT: n=a*(b-1)/7*(b-a)

Vd: 1 hh gm CnH2n v H2 c d so vi H2=5 hh c d so vi H2= 6,25. X ct anken? n=5*(6,25-1)/7*(6,25-5)=3 C3H6 i vi ankin th nhn 2 vo CT 74. CT trong p tng hp N2 v H2 N2 v H2 c Mtb=a, tin hnh p to ra hh c Mtb=b. Tnh hiu sut ca p? Gi s nH2=x, nN2=y Bng pp ng cho ta c c: x/y=(28-a)/(a-2) *x>3y: H=0,5(1-a/b)(1+x/y) *x<3y: H=1,5(1-a/b)(1+x/y) *x=3y : H=2-2*x/y Vd: (N2 + H2 ) c d so vi H2 l 4,25, p hon ton to ra hn hp c d so vi H2 l 6,8. Tnh H ca p? Ta c: x/y=(28-8,5)/(8,5-2)=3 H=2-2*8,5/13,6=0,75 H=75% ngoi ra cn c ct tnh %NH3 trong hn hp sau: %NH3=(b/a )- 1 75. CT tnh H ca p hidro ha anken, andehit (1:1) H=2-2*a/b Vd: H2 v C2H4 c d so vi He= 3,75 hn hp c d so vi He=5. Tnh H ? Bng pp ng cho ta tnh c nH2 : nC2H4= 1:1 H=2-2*15/20=0,5 H=50% CHUC CAC BAN THANH CNG