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. :
Ultima Online
World of Warcraft
Guild Wars 1&2
Aion: The Tower of Eternity

EverQuest I & II
Final Fantasy XI & XIV
EVE Online
Age of Conan: Hyborian Adventures
Tera
ArchLord
DC Universe Online
Dungeons & Dragons Online
Dynasty Warriors Online
Free Realms
Star Wars: The Old Republic
Lineage II
The Lord of the Rings Online
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MapleStory
Perfect World
Rift
RuneScape
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Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis: 1992, LucasArts
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1.Plati Marina, Playing in Abcient Greece with Lysis and Timarete , N.P. Goulandris
Foundation-Museum of Cycladic Art, 1999.
2. , 6 ,
, 2001.
3. , , . , 2002.
4. - , ,
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5. . , , (
), , 2007.
6. . , . , , 2012.

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