Physical Constants (3 sig. gs.

) Mass of the Earth Radius of the Earth Standard acceleration due to gravity Electronic charge Electron rest mass Proton rest mass Electron charge to mass ratio Atomic mass unit Speed of light in vacuum Planck constant Boltzmanns constant Avogadros number Molar gas constant Standard atmospheric pressure Standard temperature Absolute zero Molar volume at S.T.P. for ideal gas Gravitational constant Permeability of free space Permittivity of free space Rydberg constant (xed nucleus) Bohr radius Fine structure constant Bohr magneton Nuclear magneton Proton magnetic moment Neutron magnetic moment Electron volt Speed of sound in air at 20 C Coulombs law constant 1 Me = 5.98 1024 kg Re = 6.37 106 m g = 9.80 ms2

e/me = 1.76 1011 C kg1 u = 1.66 1027 kg = 931 MeV

mp = 1.67 1027 kg

me = 9.11 1031 kg

e = 1.60 1019 C

h = 6.63 1034 J s

c = 3.00 108 m s1 = h/2 = 1.05 1034 J s

NA = 6.02 1023 mol1 R = 8.31 J mol1 K1 = 1.01 bar 760 mm Hg = 1.01 105 Pa 0 C = 273 K 273 C = 0 K Vm = 2.24 102 m2

kB = 1.38 1023 J K1

0 = 4 107 H m1
0

G = 6.67 1011 N m2 kg2 = 1.26 106 H m1

R hc = 13.6 eV = e2 /(4

R = 1.10 107 m1 a0 = 5.29 1011 m

0

= 8.85 1012 F m1

c)

N = 5.05 1027 J T1 p = 2.79 N n = 1.91 N

B = 9.27 1024 J T1

= 7.30 103

eV = 1.60 1019 J = 343 m s1 1/(4 0 ) = 8.99 109 N m2 C2

Common Units A C eV F g H Hz J K m N Pa s T V W mol Common Prexes femto pico nano micro milli centi kilo mega giga terra 1015 1012 109 106 103 102 103 106 109 1012 ampere coulomb electron volt farad gramme henry hertz joule kelvin metre newton pascal second tesla volt watt gramme mole ohm

Conversion Factors: Time 1 hour 1 day 1 year Length 1 in 1 foot 1 mile 1m 1 km 1 light year 1 astr. unit Velocity 1 mph 1 ms1 = = 0.447 ms1 2.24 mph = 3.28 ft s1 = = = = = = = 2.54 cm 30.48 cm 1.609 km 39.37 in 0.621 miles 9.46 1015 m 1.496 1011 m = = = 8.64 104 s 3.6 103 s

3.16 107 s

Mass and Energy 1u 1 cal 1 eV Pressure 1 atm 1 atm Rotation 1 rad 1 rev 1 rev s1 = = = 180 / 360 60 rpm = = 57.3 2 rad = = 101.3 kPa 14.7 lb in
2

= = =

4.19 J

1.66 1027 kg

1.60 1019 C

760 mm of Hg

Mathematical Approximations Binomial approximation: (1 + x)n 1 + nx if x 1 1 radian

Small-angle Approximation: sin tan and cos 1 if 3

Greek Alphabet alpha beta gamma delta epsilon zeta eta theta iota kappa lambda mu nu xi omikron pi rho sigma tau upsilon phi chi psi omega , , o , , , , A B E Z H I K M N O P T X