Jakhd iyikf FJ Jakhd M

vgJ afa tDs rhu vw

tfhLjgo thj

njhH .Rjuah

jhuh baN

Jakhd iyikf FJ Jakhd M

jhuh baN
a Rju nghuhlY, ah ufu
afij f fia cUthaY,
mtiw
fobaGaY,
RjuF
kjrhgw, #dehaf, a Foauir cUthaY
njhH .Rjuah gff vylfhjit
kLky, FljfitfSkhF. t gy
tuyh g bragoUwd. a Ljiyfhd
kf nghuhlij KbdLJ brt mtuJ
gff
fzylfhjitfshF.
mit
midij W fLiu bfhLtUtbjgJ
ayhj xW. vdnt,
iwad eh thJ
bfhoUw ed ahit cUtha kLky
vfhy nrhr ah neh eh KndWtjF
njitahd mogil flikig mikJ bfhLgY
mtuJ thY gY mt nkbfhl ehF f
Kakhd mrf FJ kL slyh vd
fUJnw.
nja durid
ah nja d urid FJ mj _ykhf
ed ah mua flik tsF mt
Ma gf vgJ KjyhtjhF. ekJ ehL Rju
kW id milj rka, ah oh
fhya thf viyfis, 666F nkgl kd
rkjhdfis bgUjJ. kd rkjhdfis
ahl izF uridia rkhf nto
UjJ. mnefkhf urid f btfukhf

fgl nghY, fhZ urid nghW ws

ehil oUfToa y uridfS cL. eho
ljl
midJ
kd
rkjhdfS
izfgl ekJ eho muayik rl
1950 iwntwgl rka, mj KjyhtJ nt
ekJ ehil, ah, mjhtJ ghuj, vgJ khyf
X xa vW tiuaWjJ. thW tiuaWj,
j khyfis vgo cUthFtJ myJ tiuaWgJ
vW aifahfnt xU nf vGjJ. 1928 nkhyh
neU Miza fhu f mikghdJ bkhth
mogil
mikfgl
ntL
vW
gJiuUjnghY, ujkuhd #tAyh neU
Mug mjifa mogilia MjjnghY, d
j iyia khbfhL, khyfis kWuikF
wikF thf fisna VgLl ntL vwh.
vdnt mjfhf, V, , o vW khyfis
Kbkhjh.
j djh njhH Rjuah
WuRukhd xWgl Muh kf M
(Vishalandhralo Prajarajyam - Peoples' Rule in Unified Andhra)
vD eho f u bkhth khyf
mikfgLtjF f bjthd Kiw tfhL
beKiwfis tFJ jjJ.
xU nja dij cUthL Kakhd _yTW
bkh kLnk my, khwhf bkh xW vw kha
Jzit KbdLJ brW, njhH .Rjuah
f ahit oZ fhyahfF vuhf
eilbgw Ljiyfhd nghuhl gy nja df
xWgl xU ehL vW tUjJl, ed a
Foauir mikl ah bkhth khyfshf
kWuikfgl ntL vW thlhf. jifa
iyghlhdJ miwad _W gFfshf Uj
bjYF ngR gFf midY bjYF ngR
kfSfhf xWgl xnu gF cUthf ntL vw

khbgU kf afF L brwJ. jfhf

btFehf eilbgw czhuj nghuhlnghJ
bgho $uhKY ukuz miljij bjhlJ
af crij miljJ.
s isf eho w gFfY
vbuhjJ. Ia nfush kW rj kfhuhZuh
Matfhd affis kwtfSl izJ
f jiytf jiyikjh teldhf.
thW eho gy gFfY eilbgw ukhlkhd
kf nghuhlfjh a MS tfdiu a
khyfis bkhth khyfshf kh mikf ntL
vw nfhifia Vf brtjF gjij mjd.
thWjh 1956 - Rju bgW KGikahf xgJ
MLf Koj d - ed ah mua
tiugl cUthdJ.
e ehL jiHnjhf ttFj jifa gntW
nja df mua xWikahdJ, .Rjuah
bjhiynehFghitgo, u#h uh{a myJ kf
M vgJl iza ntoaJ mta vgjhF.
mthW iyba, bkhth khyfSF
ilna, khyfSF cnsTl nkhjfS
KughLfS KonkhJtJ rhank vW mt Tdh.
kf M iyna, tf Ruliy nkY
TikgLJtjF VJthf kaJt gLjgl
murik Kiwiana MS tff U. vdnt
mit khyfSF cikahd Rah mjij mf
kWgj _y khyfSF ilY, khy
fSFns gl gFfshf sF bjyfhdh,
jhgh nghw gFfSilY kfSilna
njhW jifa nkhjfis, kf xWikia
l, tf MF vuhf ciHF kf
xWikl tYgLtij Fiyl gagL
bfhS. ntWthijf brhtjhdh, MS
tff jf tf Mia xUKidgL

bfoah bfhtjfhf, vnghJnk jifa

nkhjfis KughLfis gagL bfhS.
kfSF njitahd mogil #dehaf cikfis
kWL, njitahd Rahia khyfSF tHf
kWL. 1968 eilbgw nja xUikghL
f Tl kh f f rh
mfgl kD njhH .Rjuah ka khy
cwfSF ilyhd uridia f rahf
ca ojh.
nkY, njhH .Rjuah, f bghJ brayhsuhf
UjnghJ f l midJ nja
dfSF Ra za cik bjhlghf Uj uij
Ftjfhd Ujij bfhL tjh. d J
1972 kJiu eilbgw f 9MtJ my a
kheho WgLjglJ. L xUKiw
Jakhd iyikf FJ Jakhf M brj
vw ia rahf unahgj _y, midJ nja
dfSFkhd Ra za cik bjhlghf khrbyr fUjhf ah cs Jakhd
iyikfSF bghUjhJ vw KoF f tjJ.
bfhLikgLjJ xU Fl njrF mj MS
tffSF vuhf mJ unahf gLtjh, mJ
ehoF bghUjhJ vW f iy vLjJ. iwa
iy cs a xaY Tl j KHf
mua Rju bgWtjF KUjijnghy
VfhgaF vuhd xW my vW, mjd
bfhLikgLJ xU Fl njrF vuhd (oppressor nation) xWky vW, (Vbd mgo xU njr vj
totY nf iy vW) mnghJ f
KobtLjJ. jid sF j f Mtz,
gntW bkhth df jnghija iyikfS
bghUshjhu Kndwfhf mit nkbfhS
nghuhlfS a xa cs bfhLikgLJ
Fl xU njrF vuhd xW my vW, khwhf
mJ bghUshjhu ja iyikfSF vuhf

ehoYs midJ nja dfS elL

bghJthd nghuhl xU gFnaahF vW Fl
goUwJ. nkY Mtz, thW midtuhY
eljgL bghJthd nghuhl a xWikia
ng ghJfhJ itgj _ynk vjh brJ Kof
Ko. mjF khwhf, sgLJ rf ts MS
tffSF, nghuhL kf xWikia cilgjF,
FiygjF cjL. vW FLsJ.
ciHF kf j xWikjh, kf Mia
cUthFtjfhd tyikahF. khwhf Mahsf
mfhuij jflnk FJ itJbfhLs
nghFf gntW khyf khyfSFnsna
gl gy gFf iyahf UgjF, jfhuzkhf
kf k vGj nkhjfis KughLfis
MS tff jf Mia xUKfgLbfhs
gagL bfhtjF ttFJjJsij
ciHF kf xWik _ykhfjh Kaol Ko.
jifa kfsh ah kyuToa j njhH
.Rjuah th g ekF vbwW cntf
CL.
y urid
njhH .v. vLJ bfhl ulhtJ urid
kfsh vD kfjhd nehfij iwntWtJl
mjDl f beUfkhf rgjgljhF. mjhtJ
njhH .v. vLJ bfhl ulhtJ fu y
uridahF. ubrj bjyfhdh Mj nghuhlij
ela Kd jiytf mtU xUt vgij
vtU kWf KoahJ. iAjuhgh #h vD
yuJt bfhLnfhy Mia moJbehW,
#jh mikKiwia KYkhf mJ, kfshia
W, _W MLf ehfhu uhkfis LJ,
cGgtfSnf yfis brhjkh, kfshia
Wdh. njnghW eho gy gFfY
ukhdtif y nghuhlf btojd. nfush

duh tayh, kfhuhZuh th Mth fyf,

grh wj thufhd af (anti-betterment levy),
tf eh _W gF thu nfh eilbgw njgfh
(Tebhaga) af, m[h Rkh gsjhF nghuhlf
vd y rgjkhf u brj vzw nghuhlf
eho gy gFfY eilbgwd. yfhd
nghuhlf midJ eho gy gFfY
fLfsh
jiyik
jhfgld.
nghuhlfjh a MS tfdiu #jh
x rlij bfhLtu gjd. MD (MS
tf Tl yufS X mfkhf Ujjh)
eilKiw j rl, lJrhf M brj
khyf kW #K-fhZ ju ntbwnfnk
mkgLjgliy.
yuridF njhH .Rjuah gf
vgJ
yuJtij
xjnjhL
kL
Wliy. mt bjyfhdh cGgtDF
yij bfhLJ, kfshia elfhoa rka,
y kW ciHghf cgw frkhd
msF mfjJ. thW mt y Ujf
_y bghUshjhu Mjhaij mfJ fhodh.
j_y mt rkJt rKjha bfhiff vj
msF nghwjfJ kW mtakhdJ vgij
kfSF r_fF vLJ fhodh.
#dehaf _yntf ghjh myJ
tfnjrijl ah MHkhf nt% UgjF
itjh
Ka
fhuzfshF.
oZ
fhyahfnghJ a Jizfl
ehLf midJ mtf xnuFil Ujit
vwnghY, RjuF mit ty
brwjF ah eilbgwij nghw aff
mnf eilbgwhjnj Ka fhuzkhF. bgaus
vwhYTl #jh Kiw xfgoUgjhdJ,
ciHF kf kW kaju tfd bgU

gFd RjuF ija fhy fl, #dehaf

cikf
mDTyfis
kig
eF
mJbfhL KndWtjfhd mogilia cUth
jJsJ. 1975 uh fhah mtruiy ufld
fglnghJ mjid btfukhf Kaogjfhd
Ka fhuf xwhf J mikjJ. ghjhndh, tf
njrnkh jf ehLf yuJtij xl
Fljf Kafis vij nkbfhs iy.
lJrhf M brj khyf y
Ujf mkgLjgld vW eh fukhf TW
mnj rka, yufsh rlnuhjkhf
crtu rlF nkny itUj yfisjh
ifafgL trhfSF nah Unwh
vgij eh rahf Jbfhs ntL. j
yf
kLnk
ycrtu
rl
yuflUJ ifafgLjgL ykwtfSF
nahfgLsd. MdhY, cGgtDnf y
brhj vw mogil g dK KGikahf
iwntwhknyna Uwd. #dehaf trha uia
KGikahFtjfhd nghuhlij KbdLJ
brtjfhd cntfij ml njhH .v. th
g ekF vbwW JizF.
r_f fhd nghuhl
_whtjhf, r_f kW r_f xLFkiwF
vuhd nghuhlf njhH .v. brYa gf
vgJ f MHkhdJ thdJkhF. jgl
Kiw mt jDila bga xobfhoUj buo
vw rh bgaiu bto vLJ, rh btF vuhd j
cWahd iyia r_f k iyWdh. J,
vidnghnw
gy
jiyKiwdUF
rh
milahsij ifl cntf mjJ. kfshfhd
nghuhl xU fKoahj gFahfnt r_f
xLFKiwF vuhd nghuhlij mt fUanjhL,
eilKiwY ciHF kfns xWgLf ('unity of

the toilers') vw KHfid KitJ, midtiu rh

ahr f tYthd Kiw xWuodh.
bjyfhd nghuhlfhynghJ, jifa ciHF
kf xWik btia fiH njojjnjhL
kLkyhk, rh kW r_f milahsfis DF
js ttFjJ. iwa iy, r_f
ja d kW jJf k r_f
xLFKiwF vuhd czf mfJ tUtij
ghnwh. J X Mftkhd mrjh. Mdh, mnj
rka, rh czfis rh mogil xU r_f
milahsij jf itJbfhtjfhd KafS
elJ bfhoUgij eh ftf ntL. jifa
rf kfis bghJthd #dehaf afUJ
fjJ jna bfhL bry Kawd. nkY
jifa nghfhdJ, r_fjh xLfgl xU FGdiu
mthnw r_fjh xLfgl kbwhU FGdUl
nkhj braToa Mgij bfhLtUwJ. vdnt,
jifa vkiw nghFf MS tfd jf
tf Mia iyW bfhtjnf tikia
mL.
njhH .v. mtf thUJ, gUJ
fWbfhL, jifa kf d midtiu bghJ
#dehaf af xWgLJtjfhd Kaf
fLikahf <Lgl ntL. bghJ #dehaf afK f
r_f xLFKiwfhd nghuhlij, bghUshjhu
RulYfhd nghuhlnjhL rahf izFnghJjh
jid btfukhd Kiw ell Ko. ufhd
mrhf sF bjhyhs - trh Tlia fl
J xnw tahF.
f jhgd FJ
iwthf, njhH .v. xU rahd mua iyghL
mta vW, myhk ufu afij
KbdLJ bryKoahJ vW vnghJnk ekF
idgL tjh. tYthdnjh jhgdiyna,

fah jDila iyghil kfl vLJ bry

Koahk nghFkhjyh,
rahdbjhU mua
iyghLTl mjkwjhL. u afij
KbdLJ brtjF f KitF KHffis
kf jhfns vGgToa j jhgd kfis
jahgLl ntL. jid vl ntLbk,
Jakhd iyikfis mofo M brtJ
mtakhF. cjhuzkhf, yfhd nghuhlf
eilbgW
bfhoUj
rka
Vgl
mDgtfUJ, gzfhu trhfSF trha
bjhyhsfSF ilyhd cshj Kughil
njhH .v. milahs flh. gzfhu trhfis
bghWjtiu trha bjhyhsfSF bfhLf
ntoa Caij vj msF Fiwf Konkh mj
msF Fiwf Udhf. trhabjhyhsfnsh
T cafhd nghuhlij elj Udhf. tf
UtUnk xnu jhgdF Ujjh jhgd
Ua isid cLgQtjF ayhjjhf
UjJ. thW Jakhd iyikfis Jakhf
M brjj mogil, njhH .v. trha
rfUJ trha bjhyhs rfij jna J
mikl ntL vW thlh.
mnjnghW, a isPf kY goj
isPf kW fbga ms gofhj isPfS
Ugij mt milahs flh. gojtfSF
khzt rff bragLbfhoUj rka,
gofhj isPfis bghWjtiu vjkhd mik
yhkUjJ. vdntjh mt isPfSfhd
mikig cUthf ntL vW Ktjh. thW,
ciHghf xWikia xUKfgLJtjF
njitahd jhgd flikfis cUthFtjF
Jakhd gffis mt Jsh.
mua iyghoF jhgd eilKiwF
ilyhd afa bjhlF (dialectical linkage),

r_f tffSF ilna, bjhlJ khbfhnl

UF Fzhrfis Jbfhs Jakhd
Mfis ell mt bfhLJ tj mGj mtuJ
gf knwh mrkhF.
KjyhJt tsl uZah trhf
ilnaUj ahrfis Jakhf M
brjj _ykhfjh uZa u bt rhakhdJ
vw bydJ braghoUJ eF ghl
fWbfhl njhH .v. F uhkf VgLtU
ntWghLfis mua iyghL kW jhgd
eilKiw mit VgLJ isfis eF
Jbfhtjfhf MHkhd Mfis nkbfhlh.
JuZltrkhf, iwa ah ufu afij
tYgLj njitahd msF jid bjhlu
Koaiy. J mtru r braglhf ntL.
Fghf, ed jhuhska bghUshjhu Ujf
eilbgWbfhoUfToa fhy fl J f
mtakhF. X cjhuz _ykhf jid sfyh vW
fUJnw. y gjhLfSF Kdh, cjhuzF
brhy ntLkhdh, fia tsbjLg Maf
mik afK Kakhd gid Md.
KgjhLfSF Kdh mtf tha Ca vd?
W mtf thF Ca vd? xL ghUf.
iwad mJ gy klF mfUwJ. jifa
tUkhdJl cs mtf Ugf gFrij
(Sensex ) gf UtJ aifnaahF. ed jhuhska
Ujf jhf ths gFfSF TLjyhd
bjhiffis bfhLtJ bfhL vW mtf
vghwhf. jifa kndhghtf iwad
mfJ bfhoUwJ. thW xU tf ntWghL
(class differentiation) tsJ bfhoUwJ. MafSF
vuhf jgl Kiw vdF vjnfhgK ilahJ.
khtU Niyf mtf Kakhdnjh gid
M Uwhf. iwa Maf mtfSila

ththjhufis, nghuhl fis ghfToa

j Jjkhd uridfis vbfhoUwhf
vW brhy njit iy. jifa iyikf
jh,
eKila nfhiffSfhd cldo
KHffis,
sfhd
totfis
eilKiwfis f rahf j cUthFtjF,
Jakhd iyikf Jakhd Mid
nkbfhtJ mtakhwJ.
a f f kiwj njhH u
Fjh xUKiw Tdh. UJ bfhfjhF
xUt gaz brwnghJ unt iy U
gffY W bfhoUgtfis ghjh mnefkhf
mtf f vvV-fshf v-fshfjh
Ughf vwh. Mdh iwa iy vd?
f f sf njhld vW
nkbyGjthahd sff r_f VgLs
khwfis KGikahfnth (comprehensively) myJ
matkhfnth (scientifically) slhJ. ekJ
tffSFnsna eilbgW bfhoUF tf
ntWghLf FJ f Jakhd Kiw Mf
eilbgWbfhnl Uf ntL. mnghJjh
xUfhy brbfho m ultf nghJ
kw
KjyhJt
ffis
neh
efJ
bfhoUwhf vgij J bfhs Ko.
nkY y uridfS Uwd. cjhuzkhf,
r_f Clff kW r_f tiyjsf r_f
VgLJ jhf tsJ bfhoUgJ nghW nkY y
uridfS Uwd. v jh rJfY,
tf njr eilbgWbfhoUF hgh
afY f ahrkhd j kf vgo
mulgoUwhf vgij eh ghnjh.
it FJ M bragl ntL. it vthW
eilbgwd vgij Jbfhtjfhf kLky, e
eho ufu afij KbdLJ bry tiw

gagLj Kokh vgij bjJ bfhtjfhf

tiw eh M brl ntL.
Jakhd iyikf FJ Jakhd M
nkbfhtJ vgJ afa tDs rhu (concrete
analysis of concrete conditions, is the living essence of dialectics)
vW by xUKiw Tdh. by Ta
tfhLjgojh njhH .v. th g
UjJ vgJ eh nkny tj mtuJ ehF
mrfUJ eF bjthF. iwad, mtuJ
wjeh whil bfhlhobfhoUF
jUz, eh mtUF mr brYJ mnj
rka, jifa jkhd bydJ bfhifia
MwjGbfhs, e eho ufu afij
KbdLJ bry eh vLJbfhLs cWia
uogh bfhnth.
njhH .RjuahF brtzf !
(j: r.uk)