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Lecture
Lecture
Lecture
A typical problem in the analysis of a heat exchanger is the Performance calculation. That is, we are asked , given inlet conditions to evaluate how the exchanger performs, that is what are the outlet temperatures. With the equation given above, the solution may be reached only by trial-and-error.
Effectiveness
An alternate approach lies in the notion of exchanger effectiveness, E.
E =
Definitions of Effectiveness
For the Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger there are four possible cases: Hot Fluid minimum Cold Fluid minimum Co-Current Case 1 Case 2 Counter-Current Case 3 Case 4
Th1 Th2
wC p h Th1 Tc1
Case 2- Co-Current flow, cold fluid minimal wC p c Tc2 Tc1 wC p c Th1 Tc1 Tc2 Tc1 Th1 Tc1
E =
Th1 Th2
wC p h Th1 Tc2
Case 4- Counter-Current flow, cold fluid minimal E = wC p c Tc1 Tc2 wC p c Th1 Tc2 = Tc1 Tc2 Th1 Tc2
R =
WC p WC p
c h
Also we can reexamine the Design Equation and rewrite it in the following form:
ln
or
= UA 1 + R Cc
= e
UA 1 + R Cc
We need to express this temperature ratio in terms of the effectiveness, E. A good deal of algebra leads for Case 1 to
1+R E = 1 + e C 1 + R
c
UA
For case 2 the equation is the relation is very similar and indeed would be the same if R were replaced by Rmin = Cmin /Cmax .
1+R 1 e C E = 1 + R min
min
UA
min
For case 3 and case 4, the equation can be expressed as a single relation.
1 R E = 1 e C UA 1 R 1 + R mine C
min min min
UA
min
NTU = UA C min
This whole concept can be extended to all kinds of exchanger configurations, e.g.,.shell and tube with n tube passes and one shell pass; a cross-flow exchanger.
E = R 1 exp R 1 e NTU
mixed stream- minimal stream
E = 1 exp R 1 e RNTU
E = 1 exp R NTU
0.22
exp R NTU
0.78