Functions 2x3

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS
O UTLINE
1
F UNCTION
Function Operation of functions Domain, Codomain and Range of function Revisiting Transformations
IIT JEE 2011

R ANKERS BATCH
2 Vidyalankar Classes
D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS

Algebraic Trigonometric functions Inverse trigonometric functions Exponential functions Logarithmic functions
Functions
3
S ACHIN G ADKAR , @V IDYALANKAR IIT JEE 2011
C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS
F UNCTION O PERATION OF FUNCTIONS D OMAIN , C ODOMAIN AND R ANGE OF FUNCTION R EVISITING T RANSFORMATIONS
O UTLINE
1
W HAT IS A FUNCTION ?
D EFINITION
A function is a mappinga from set A to set B shown as f : A B such that For every value of x there is a unique value of y mapping can be said to be function, graphically using the vertical line test. If a vertical line cuts the graph of function y = f (x ) in a single point then the mapping is a function else not.
aA
F UNCTION

FACT
Graphically, a function y = f (x ) is plotted such that x values (input/independent variable) are along x-axis and y values (output/dependent variable) are along y axis.
W HAT IS A FUNCTION ?
T YPES OF FUNCTIONS
O NE -O NE A function f : X Y is One-onea or injective if f (x1 ) = f (x2 ) = x1 = x2
a A function is one-one can be judged using the horizontal line test. If a horizontal line cuts the graph of y = f (x ) in single point then we say the function is one-to-one
P ROBLEM f : A B where A and B are nite sets, n(A) = m and n(B ) = n , total number of all such functions from A to B is nm
M ANY- TO -O NE A function f : X Y is many to one if there is atleast one image (y ) having more than one preimage (x )
S ACHIN G ADKAR , @V IDYALANKAR
IIT JEE 2011
IIT JEE 2011
T YPES OF FUNCTIONS
O NTO /S URJECTIVE A function f : X Y is Onto or Surjective if every element of Y has atleast one preimage in X I NTO A function f : X Y is Into if there exists atleast one element of Y which has no preimage in X B IJECTIVE A function is Bijective if its one-one and onto i.e. injective and surjective.
O UTLINE
1
F UNCTION

O PERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
D EFINITION Addition of functions y = f (x ) and y = g (x ) is dened as (f + g )(x ) = f (x ) + g (x ) D EFINITION Dierence of functions f and g is dened as (f g )(x ) = f (x ) + g (x ) D EFINITION Multiplication of functions f and g is dened as (f g )(x ) = f (x ) g (x )
O PERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
D EFINITION Division of functions f and g is dened as (f /g )(x ) = g (x ) = 0 f (x ) where g (x )
D EFINITION Composition of functions f and g is dened as (f g )(x ) = f (g (x ))
IIT JEE 2011
O UTLINE
1
D OMAIN /C ODOMAIN AND R ANGE

D EFINITION Domain(Df ) of a function y = f (x ), f : X Y is dened as all those values of x that keep the function y = f (x ) well-dened. E XAMPLE Find the domain of the functions 1 f (x ) = x f (x ) = x 1 f (x ) = x 1 f (x ) = sin1 (tan x )
F UNCTION

P ROPERTIES OF D OMAIN
P ROPERTIES OF D OMAIN
C OMPOSITION OF TWO FUNCTIONS Given f : A B and g : B C Df g = {x Df : f (x ) Dg }
P ROPERTIES OF D OMAIN Df g = Df Dg Df g = Df Dg Df /g = Df Dg {x : g (x ) = 0}
IIT JEE 2011
IIT JEE 2011
C ODOMAIN AND R ANGE
O UTLINE
1
F UNCTION
D EFINITION Codomain is all those values of y Y for y = f (x ), f : X Y such that f (Df )B D EFINITION Range of a function f : X Y where y = f (x ) is dened as {y : y = f (x ) where x Df }

3
A LGEBRAIC T RIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS I NVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS E XPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS L OGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
T RANSFORMATIONS
O UTLINE
1
F UNCTION
Change in x Change in y y = |f (x )| |y | = f (x ) y = f (|x |)

2

y = f (x ) y = f (x )
3
A LGEBRAIC ( CONSTANT,I DENTITY,S IGNUM )
A BSOLUTE AND ITS PROPERTIES

A BSOLUTE
A LGEBRAIC Constant function : f (x ) = c where c R Identity : f (x ) = x 1 , x < 0 Signum : sgn(x ) = 0 ,x = 0 1 ,x > 0
|f (x )| = Properties of Modulus
f (x ) , if f (x ) 0 f (x ) , if f (x ) < 0
|f (x )| a = a f (x ) a
|f (x )| a = f (x ) a or f (x ) a Triangle Inequality
|x + y | |x | + |y | |x y | ||x | |y ||
Special case |x | a = a x a
IIT JEE 2011
G REATEST INTEGER AND ITS PROPERTIES

D EFINITION Greatest integer function of x is dened as greatest of all integers that are less than or equal to x i.e. [x ] = max {m|m Z, m x } E XAMPLE Find the greatest integer of
1 2 3
P ROPERTIES OF G REATEST I NTEGER F UNCTION
[x + n] = [x ] + n x = [x ] + {x } where {x } is termed as fractional1 part of x [x ] = Graph [x ] , if x Z [x ] 1 , if x /Z
[x + y ] [x ] + [y ]
[3.2], [2.3], [0] Draw the graph of [x 2 ] Discuss the points of discontinuity and non-dierentiability of the function f (x ) = [sin x ]
1 Note
: 0 {x } < 1
IIT JEE 2011
F RACTIONAL PART FUNCTION
P OLYNOMIAL AND R ATIONAL
Fractional part function

Properties
Polynomial function
Rational
IIT JEE 2011
IIT JEE 2011
O UTLINE
1
T RIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
F UNCTION

Trigonometric
S ACHIN G ADKAR , @V IDYALANKAR IIT JEE 2011 S ACHIN G ADKAR , @V IDYALANKAR IIT JEE 2011
O UTLINE
1
I NVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
F UNCTION

Inverse trigonometric functions
O UTLINE
1
E XPONENTIAL FUNCTION
F UNCTION

Exponential
O UTLINE
1
L OGARITHMIC FUNCTION
F UNCTION

Logarithmic functions
E QUAL FUNCTIONS
E VEN AND O DD FUNCTIONS
Equal functions
Even and Odd functions
IIT JEE 2011
IIT JEE 2011
P ERIODIC FUNCTIONS
I NVERSE OF A FUNCTION
G IVEN f : A B AND X , Y B THEN f 1 (X Y ) = f 1 (X ) f 1 (Y ) f 1 (X Y ) = f 1 (X ) f 1 (Y ) G IVEN f : A B AND X , Y A THEN f (X Y ) = f (X ) f (Y ) f (X Y ) f (X ) f (Y ) Periodic functions
IIT JEE 2011
IIT JEE 2011

Functions 2x3

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F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

IIT JEE 2011

D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

S ACHIN G ADKAR , @V IDYALANKAR

IIT JEE 2011

S ACHIN G ADKAR , @V IDYALANKAR

IIT JEE 2011

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

D EFINITION Division of functions f and g is dened as (f /g )(x ) = g (x ) = 0 f (x ) where g (x )

D EFINITION Composition of functions f and g is dened as (f g )(x ) = f (g (x ))

S ACHIN G ADKAR , @V IDYALANKAR

IIT JEE 2011

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

D OMAIN /C ODOMAIN AND R ANGE

D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

S ACHIN G ADKAR , @V IDYALANKAR

IIT JEE 2011

S ACHIN G ADKAR , @V IDYALANKAR

IIT JEE 2011

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

C ODOMAIN AND R ANGE

D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

Change in x Change in y y = |f (x )| |y | = f (x ) y = f (|x |)

D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

A LGEBRAIC ( CONSTANT,I DENTITY,S IGNUM )

A BSOLUTE AND ITS PROPERTIES

A LGEBRAIC Constant function : f (x ) = c where c R Identity : f (x ) = x 1 , x < 0 Signum : sgn(x ) = 0 ,x = 0 1 ,x > 0

S ACHIN G ADKAR , @V IDYALANKAR

IIT JEE 2011

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

G REATEST INTEGER AND ITS PROPERTIES

P ROPERTIES OF G REATEST I NTEGER F UNCTION

[x + n] = [x ] + n x = [x ] + {x } where {x } is termed as fractional1 part of x [x ] = Graph [x ] , if x Z [x ] 1 , if x /Z

S ACHIN G ADKAR , @V IDYALANKAR

IIT JEE 2011

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

F UNCTION D IFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS C HARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONS

F RACTIONAL PART FUNCTION

P OLYNOMIAL AND R ATIONAL