Matematika Za I Razred Srednje Škole Pavle Miličić

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1.
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27
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111 121 131 211 221 231 311 321 331

112 122 132 212 222 232 312 322 332
113 123 133 213 223 233 313 323 333
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i + r (i 1, r Q) ?
. :
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. 1) 12 + r = , (/2 + r) + (-r) =
, 12 ,
+ (-r)
. ; .
2) ri = (r Q \{}, i 1),
i = r- 1(rl) = r- 1x i ,
. ..t..
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va
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.
8 11. HankcJ (1839-1877),
44
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= ( + q) Yli =
(p-q),
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+ ..fli
11
- Yli = q
..fli .
=
&
)(!(
1. : 1)
; 2)
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3. , , , d , + 1,./2 = + dv'2
= = d.

4.
Yz+Yl v3+Yz
2.3.

(
n (
2,
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n0
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n'-1:5x<n'.
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1.
n11
< lO(x -
0)
< 10.
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()
, . = + 0,
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()
< 102 (- (n 0 + ~~))
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fo))
10 ~- 0 +
n 4.
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dz :Sl02 ~-
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10
d2
d1
dz
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, .
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d1
d2
d3
d1
d3
d2
+ 10 ++ :Sx <+ + + +,

d 3
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d1
10
d 1,
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{0,1,2,... ,9}.
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d1
dz
d"
+ + + 10" :S < + 10 + + + 1 +
... ,
1
1on'
d" n {0, 1, 2, ... , 9}.

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46
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n , !
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1 ~,- 1

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+ d (, ).
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rU R'
48
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4.) n, = 4, . 4 < < 5 . L = ,
d (0, ) = n 0 L D, n 0
d (0, ). 110 "" LM, (
LM L).
LD L, D 1 d, {0,1,2, ... ,9}

d,
LL 1 = :5 LM <
d, + 1
----w
= LD
L, =, n 0 +
f0.
L 1
, .

d,
n, + 10 = 4 + 10 = 4,3
1 ~) "" L,M, L, D,
d 2 {0,1,2, ... ,9}
2.4.
. .
MEPEii .
E>POJEBtiA
49
d,
d,
.
n,, +
+ ][)()

, L 2 = L 2 .

. , n
.

.
,
(), 1.
r (
!), r
r (. 2).
,
d (0, ), ' r
d (0, ), . -.
r
.
.
'
-2
-1
r,
[,
1 . )
C.L. 4
h :S

R. , , :S (, R)
, , ,
r. :5.
(Rl0)-(R14).
50
I'EA.11H1 bl'OJH\11
--------------------
:.:
(a,h) ~{
<<
[,) ~{
h}, [a,h] ~{ sx s h},

sx < h}, (a,h] ~{ < s }.
,
"" . , , , ,
(.
2.5.
3, 4, 5
6).
,
. ,
"+" "" "s"
(!{,+,
, s).
(1{, + , , s) .

. l\t

cue
,
,
XVIII
. . .,
. ' ,
,
XIX
, 1 ".
n
.
,
.
,
. .
6.
,
:
9. 1)
S, s
S.
s~{~ ~- ~ n:I' ... }

1, n
: 1
~ 1-
~ 1 < 1 n N.
, .
9
!fl
.
.
(408-355 ...), r .\t

Wcicrstrass (1815-1897), Ikdckind (1831-1916), (1.
Canto
(1845-1918),
\1
2.5.
PEAJIIIIIX
51
S = {2,4,6, ... , 2n, ... } ,

R 11 N 2 11 > .
3) S ,
2)
S.
7.
s,
S, .

< s,
S <, s S
S.
S.
. ,
, .r 1
s2
SI
= S2
s 1,
S
s 1 :s s2
s2,
10. 1)
:::;
sup S =
2) S = { 1 , 2 ,
sup S = max{a 1, 2 , ... ,, . .
. ,")

, ,
, ( )
.
R,
(R, +, ,
:s ),
8.
: (
+)
:S),
(RI)
(+ )
(R2)
+z
, ,
+(
+ z) =
(u );
1{ + = + (
);
(R)
, +,
, {, + = + = ( );
(R4)
, -
( ), + (-)= (-) += (
);
(RS)
, ,
(yz) =
( )
);
(R) R 1(1 "'0),
, R,x1 = lx = ( );
(R7) R \ {} ,
-\ ( ), - 1 = - 1 - = 1 (
);
(RS)
, , z R ( + z) = + z
(v + z)x = vx + zx fDv );
52
I'I broJ~I1
(R9)
R =
);
(R10)
( );
(R 11)
(R12)
, ,
~ = (
s);
R s s z ~ s z (
s);
R s ~ x+z s + z (
(Rl3)
,,z
(R14)
(R15)
(R,
(R,
);
, R
sx
sy~o
sxy
);
, r r S R .
R .
, (R1)-(R15)
+, , s ). ( )
+ , , s) , .
(Rl)-(R15).
1 (R)
(R6),
.
-
(R4) - 1 ~ .

N,
R.
9. 1) ,
n + 1 ,
) 2)
N.
2)
1)
1 N. 1 + 1 2,
2 + , 2) 3)
= {1,2,3, ... }.
2) 2 N.
. N
10.
Z.
(R)
11. q- 1 ,
(R4).
Z,q
N -
. I!'l

10
Q.
(R7).
12. 1 = R \ Q .
13. R \ {} n N 1
) "= , 2)"
"- 1
, 3) "=;". "
n.
ui.
. vnnP. nnPn~ttiP nn\l'...- .. ~~LL.. , .. """" .,.. , ... 1""
2.5.
53
YFEIIO tlOF.I'EIX '\
- ~+ (-), : ~~ ~-1, ( >'0).

( ) , u, u
u
(R1)- (R15).
u .
<
n -
11.
R,x
>,
. , .
~
sup
N,
N,
:5" .
( ).
{nx
N}
r .
(RI5)
~. - <, - u .
N,
m.x
>-. (+
1)t
>,
, . .t.
12.
(R3)
' .
+ ' ~' + ' ~, ~
(R1)-(R15)
0' . .t.

. , ,
r . , ,

,,
( , ,
.) r
(G1),
(G)
(G4),
(G, +) . (G2)
" . , (R,+) (Z,+) , (N,+) .
1.
(2 3) 1
213 1?
2.
13
3.
1) -1
2)
= 5, (- 7 ) 7 (-')-'.
[-2,-1];
(0,6];
3)4(-1,5);
4) (0,1)
n (-1,1] = (0,1];
5) ( -7,3)
4.
1-
u (3,5) = (-7,5).
z-"
.:5
::; 1 +
z-"
N,
11
N.Ji.
!\ (1R02-1R29), IIO!IICIII I.1
''
54
PEIIII POJIBII
2.6.

(R 10),
max {, }. , ~, = max {, }.

14. max{x,-x} n
lx .
lxl . n,
max { -3,3} = 3, l-31 = 3.
n 14 .
) 1 1 =
5.
> ,
= ,
) 1 - 1
= 1
1. ) ~ 1 1.
-, < ,
6. , R, :
) 1 + 1 ~ 1 1 + 1 1; ) llx 1 - IY 1 1 ~ lx- 1 ~ lx 1 + IY 1
. ) + 2:: . 1+ 1 =+ ~ 1 1 + 1 1 (
) ) 5). + < . 5
lx+yl =-(+)=(-)+(-)~ lxl + IYI
)
- = z, = + z, )
1 1 = 1 + z 1 ~ 1 1 + 1 z 1. n 1 z 1 2:: lx 1 - 1 1
1 - 1 2:: 1 1 - 1 1. n 1 - 1 2:: 1 1 - 1 1. 1 - 1 = 1 - 1 11 1 - 1 11 = 11 1- 1 11,
1 - 1 2:: llx 1 - IY 11 1 - 1 = 1 + (-) 1. 1 - 1 =
1 + (-Y)I ~ lxl + 1-YI = lxl + IYI
1 1 ~ ( n )
= { 1 -
~ ~ }.
13. : 1) +
2)a+b-lb-al
1 - 1
= 2max{a,b};
=2min{a,b}.
. 1) - 2:: . lb - != - max{a,b}
.
, 1111. - < ,
lb-a 1
-( -)
- + ,
2. , .
2)
. .
1.
1) lxl <1<=> -l<x<l;

2) 1 - 2 1 ~ 3 <:> -1 ~ ~ 5;
3) 1 - 1 ~ <=> - ~ ~ + ( > 0).
2.
1)
l2:2<=>xE(- oo,2] U[2,+oo);
2.7.
2.7.
55
IICOJIYTII III'EJITIIBII II lll'llliiiiiIIOI J;rQJ

n , 11
, n11 n
, , 11 n
. ,
.f'I
, 11
. , n , n
.

. '
( ) . , ,
15. 1
' ' : ' <,
, ' >,
'
lx - x'l
16.
'. (') ( : ) .
('), .
, ,
.
17. (')
'.

, '

= lx -' 1~ '
(')
(1)
n r '
'.
(1)
'
r'
~ ~'
+ r'
, ,
=' ,
(2)
' r '
14. =
. (')=
15.
10-
3,4789 '= 3,47. (\:') :.

13,4789 - 3,471 = 0,0089 = ;. .
~ < < ~- ' n
56
F POJFRif
, '
27
'
27 + 1
---w:'
10- 4 ,
' = 27 10- 4 = 0,0027 . .6.

. ,
11
= 100,5 cm
0,05 cm
12
= 1,5 cm
0,05 cm,
, , ,

, .
, .
18. (') '
(')

11
~ ix?
(') , ,
19. ,'
' .
/1.
/1.
(x')s f ' =, \ :f
'
()
/1,.
, = '
(1 ), (2)
(3),
x=x'lx'lo,..
(4)
16.
1,414 10- 3 .
, ' =
1,414
11,. =
10- 3,
()
/1,.
-
,. = ' = 1,414 = 0,0007072. "'
,
n k
k
k+1
10" ,;; < "
(5)
20.

cyk, n (5), .
k+1 .
1k0" 10"
17.
1,414213 < .fL < 1,414214.
.fL
v"I 5 .
2.8.
57
I'\1I: fi\IIM!IIIX t.I'OJJ.II
141421
105
<
.f2
<
141422
10~
, u 20, .f2"" 1,4142 1 .f2"" 1,41422.

' n
IO-", f:!.,. :;; 10-". , .f2 1,41421,
-~.
2.8.

( " u").
1 I\I u,
. .
N,
k+ l
1" :;; < ---
. . k ,. ~
k+ l 10
.
h
10- .
. k + l
k

,
1CF" - "'i(F
= 1Q- n.
lO"
k+I . .
~
~ . t
. ,
t::.;
21.
r' ,
:;; ~10-" n .
, n ,
~~ -".
18.
2) 2 .
3,4873.
1) 3 ;
. 1) t' = 3,487, lx- ' 1= 0,0003 < 0,0005 = ito-,
= 3,487 11:1 .
1
2) ' 3,48, lx- ' 1 = 0,0073 > 2 to-2,
'
'=
3,48
lx- ' 1 = 0,0027 < 0,005 = ~~- 2.
2 .
, 3,48
'
11
3,49
3,49,
2 .
21,
n .
58
I bl'OH,R
, ,
k ()-" (k + 1) -". 1'.,.,;; ~ 10-",

4)
):
1) n+ 1- 5, n
:
2)
1- 5, - ,
( -
9):
5, ,
2):
4) n+ 1- 5, , n
n- , - ,
3)
1-
, (
-
9).
(n -
2), 3)
4)
1- )
1;
9,
9,
19.
7,2381; 0,2850; 4,83500; 4,865001
3,78456;
3,78; 7,24; 0,28; 4,84; 4,87. &
, .
.
. ,
,
. ,
, ,
. ,
,
1,78040
,
,
10'-
22.
', m
20.
34
0,003040 3 4,
.
10-'. ""
2.9 OCIIOOIII-
2.9.
I't, IIPiiIIItIIIt!'.t
59
liPOJIDitMA
he ?
:
, ? h
he ,
.
7. =' ().,., =' D.y, :
+ = ' + ' ().,. +
1)
1 1 ( +) - (' +') 1 ~ ().,..
2) - =' -'
3) =' '
lx' 1 ::7 + li 1 ()., . + ()., D.y;
4)
D.y (
+ D.y};
().,.
D.y;
lx' 1
1+ IY'
lil lil-
1 ()....
D.y
(' ~ , D.y < 1 ' 1 );
1) lx- ' 1 ~ ().,. IY- ' 1 ~ f\,

+) - ( ' +') 1 1 ( - ') + (- ') 1 ~ lx -' 1 + IY- ' 1 ~ ()...+ D.y.
(h 1 + 1 ~ 1 1 + 1 1. 6.)
1(
2) '! :
1(- )- ('- ') 1 = 1( -')+('- ) 1 ~ lx - ' 1 + li- Yl ~ ()., +().
3)
lxy - '' 1 = 1(- ') + (' - '') 1 ~ lx 11 - ' 1 + li llx -' 1
lx
1 6. + 1 ' 1 ().....

1
lx = 1( -') +' 1 ~ 6., + lx' 1.

lxy- '' 1 ~ ( lx' 1+ ().,) 6. + IY' 1 6..= 1' 1 D.y+ 1' 1 ().,+ ().< 6.
4)
'
1-- l -
l.xy' -x'yl
1 (' - '')
lw' 1
+ (''
lli 1
- ') 1 <
lx' 1 + li 1 6.,.
lli 1
IY 1 = IY- '
+' 1=
li -(' -) 1 ~ lli 1 - li - 11 ~ 11 ' 1 - D.y 1

1 - 1 ~ 1 1 1- 1 1 1. 6),
(h
'
lx' 1 + ly' 1 6.,

1 ~ li 1. li 1- D.y 1.
1 -
, = ~: l'
, , . ,
u =' ', h
=
60
F.1 1
( )
.1 (
) .
21.
'=
3,208
'=
0,472
, + -
.
. ' '
t., = ""' = 10'- + - ,

'+ '~ 3,680 '- '= 2,736, , )
2) 7, t.,. + L\ = -' + -= 2 '-"'
22.
. ' '= ,5476.
,
1
'
7- 3
'
t., +
'
3)
7,
t., + t.,. t., = (3,208 + 0,472 +
-') -
= 3,68. -
<
'
'
= 6,796610. 4),
lx' 1t.,. + IY' 1t.,. - 7 lo- "'

IY' 1. lly' 1 t., 1.

7.
:
_(-)
-+2'
='
t.,.,
='
L\
, .

-
.
g(<)
G(x)
( ).
li(y
, ='
-) - .
,,., =' ~ :
g(x +) = g(x) + g(y),

g(x -) = g(x) - G(y),
g(x ) = g(x) g(y),
G(x) =' + <'.,,

G(x +) = G(x) + G(y),
G(x -) = G(x) - g(y),
G(x ) = G(x) G(y),
g(~) = !}~)'
(~)=~&}-
g(x) =' - <'.,,

2,34 0,02;
.
= 3,72 0,03,
2.
OCIIOI!I/1
61
01/ 'I~ IIP/Ih,;IIIIIII\If,PQJL81 1
2,32
2,36
3,69
3,75
1,33
1,43
(> -)
3,0856
3,3748
7,38
7,50
- \. + 2
9,70
9,86
0,31294
0,34792
n n
g(u) G(u), . ' = ~(g(u)+G(u)),

t.. = G(u)-u'.
= 0,01749 < 0,02.

!:;..
'=
0,33043
23. ,
21 -
, r = ~ + ~- 21 = 19,45

0,05,
= 3,62
0,03,
r n .
. ,
g(r)
G(r).
,z
tz/2p
19,40
9,70
3,59
7, 18
1,79.
94,09
12,88
G
19,50
9,75
3,65
7,30
1,83
95,06
13,24
14,67
15,07
2
/2
= 21 (g(r) + G(r)) = 14,87

t.,. = G(r) - r' = 0,4
04
6.,
027
, = 7 = 14,87 = '
r'
.i
1.
= 3,480561
2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
( =
3,480561
561,
, ).
2.
= '
:
10
2;
t.,,
= '
tJ.",
1 -2, 6" = 2.1 10 z,

tJ.,. = 21
1) + :::'+ '
2) -== ' -' 10 2
62
II
. , :
1) , 543 2,789
2) 22,41 10,135
3) 0,05 1,3
- 2.
4. = 2,35 0,01, = 6,03 0,02 = 0,28 0,03.

:
+ , + +, + + 2, -
2,
5, -
5.
= 34,695 0,005,
1
.
= 39,815 0,005, = 16,445 0,005.

-
_
, ,
. ,
;
n .
12
, ~ , . ,
,
4 .
, .
,
, . ,
, .
.
.
3-1-
( )
. , .
.

. , .
1.
;,; 0),
:h = '
.
,
,
1,
1.
: 1>
, t- i n
, n-
. n, = 2 /..,
3~
64
POIIOPI\OH;IIIOCT
112510
: = 212 : 3 =
= 5:8
2. :
(1)
: =
:d
, .
:d
(abcd >' 0),
, , , d, ,
().
(1 ).
( 1)
(2)
ad =
(abcd >' 0).
( ) .
l. 1)
2)
: =
abcd >'
: d <> : =
: d.
(1)
( ),
. :
(2),
: =: ~ = ,
(3)
a:x=c:d~x=ad.
u .
u u,
, . ,
.
1.
180
105: 7
105
'!
180
kg
180: ,
180: = 105: 7
,
(3),
1807
\lJ5 = 12. &

. ,

. .

: =
: ,
>
> 0),
i ). n, n
(2),
va1i,
. -
3.1.
65
PA~EI'f' POIIOPII
. ,
.
" ",
" ". , " "
: (
-) = :.
, (2),
+ -
' = (
"'
0,62).
,
.
3.
.
,
n=
: = :
(4)
:=
d: q
-=-=-=
3.
(4)
(4)
, ,

: : :
d = :n: : q.
2.
1
.,
, = , = .. = " = k
(5)

{2,3, ... },

1 1
1 1
+ 2 2 + ... + ,. "
2 2 + ... + ,. ,.
;::::; k
a,(i = 1,2, ... ,n)
'
kb,(i = 1,2,... ,n).

1 1 + 2 z + ... + " ,. _ a,kb 1 + . 2 + ... + ,. k ,.
1 1 + 2 bz + ... +" " 1 1 + 2 2 + ... + ,. .,
(5)
,=
= k( 1 1
1 1
+ ,, + ... + "") = k 8
+ . 2 + ... + ,.,.
, , :
: =:
~(
: : = :
+ ):
q: r ~(+
2.
+ d)
=: , ( -): (
- ): (+
q- r) =
- d)
q,
=: .
(2- ): (2- r) = :
n 1 : 2: ,
66
IIPOIIOPOIIA..1HOCT
, .
?
. ,
, ::
f == k,
+ y+z
3.2.
z = 1:2:
+ +
= k, = 2k, z
= 6 = 3
=. -
= 3k,
= 2 .111.
If.
(
, ).
: ,
4. (,
n"' 0),
x:m =y:n.
( 1)
n:
x:m =n
(2)
:,
(1)
(2)
. , (
(1 ),
(2) . , = ;,
mn
n
= k = = mn, -
( 1)
(2)).
(3)
=kx,
(4)
(3)
k > 1).
()
"" (
( 4)
( >)
, .
,
kg
, n;
kg
kg
. , =
kx, k
. , ,
lti'IKTH
].2.
11
li llrOIIOI'(\\IOH:tiiOC
67
IIJ'IIMI'HF:
,
nn. , .
= ~ .
7m
4,5 m
198
' 1
7m
: 7 . : 7 =
198:4,5.
m
1 8 7
= ~ ,.~
198:4,5
= 308.
m
4,5
7m
1198
( ).
4,5:7=198: . .6.
4.
.
.
12
''
3
4
[12
( ).
,
3:4=:12,
= 9. .6.
S. 150 4 75 .
8 45 '' (,
.)
.
150
1

6.
140,75 1
80,45 m 2
150
:=
28
(40,75): (80,45),
17
5040 m,
42
28 17 8,
5040
5440
7 '!
5440
42 7 .
. .
,
180. .6.
68
POIIOPIIOIIAHOCT
5440
5040
1
5040:5440
7.
28 17 8
(427):
427 ,
(2817 8).
= 12. ..
48 000
, 80 000 30 < 19 781\,8

. ,
.
?
:: z
1
1
1
= 48 000: 80 000: 30 ()()()
, ,
x:y:z=5:3:8,
+ +
16k = 19788,8
z = 19788,8
, =
z = 9894,4
6184
. =
5k,y = 3k, z = 8k,
. =
k = 1236,8
. =
3710,4
5 1236,8
. ..
8.
277 500
. ,
3: 2,
4 : 5.
, ,
?
. z: d = 3: 2 n: z = 4: 5 z: d = 15: 10
n: z = 12: 15. , z: d: n = 15: 10: 12,
z + d + n = 277500. ,
z = 15k, d = 10k n = 12k, 37k = 277500, k = 7500.
112 500 , 75 000 90 < . ..
9.
1 968 397,2

. :
7 31,5 ,
9 48,6 ,
11 69,3 .
1
. , .
: :=
(731,5) :(948,6): (1169,3)
= (7 315) : (9 486) : (11 693),
+ +
= 1968397,2.
k = 138,6.
= 2205k,
2205. 138,6
43659
= 4374k, = 762Jk,
_\_\
110111t 1'11
. n
96 049,8
no 67 359,6
no
10. n , 1 u no kg
h no kg, u kg, < < .
.
.
.
(
- Cfx
~ (
kg
kg.
ar +
11.
55, ~
120 kg
he
75
:~ (- /): (- )~
+ ~
+)
kg
(<
(- ).
h):
120 kg,
3.3.
78 kg
55
kg.
~ 75, ~
J3k,y ~ 7k.
no 68
. u ,
~
c(r+y),
)
:~ (-
kg
1.'\: 7. , ~
42 kg.
kg
110
n
, ,
u , n
, , , .
n .
nu, ,
. ,
1 f
0,01 1% . nu
G. ,
. , n n,
u n , n .
, n , 1
, .
:
100
n,.
n
~ : : ~: ,
G:
G _ lOOP
262,R
12.
'
_ !!!.
- '
_ 100?
G .
, 20(
. n?
ie
= 262,8 , =
%,
70
IIPOOPI{OHAJIHOCT
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= 118 = 11(11-3), = 11. . .
6.
n .
44
n11
?
.

()
; 1 .
44
~8
YROJ I 1 HJ"ti' I'IIJY
I\
1.
n ?
2.
. ?
4.
5.
- 0- -0-, -0-? ?
6.
Oq
Oqll ?
\\ .
{,} , ; , ?
u , r
. , ,
. ,
,
.
().

d(A,
).
d(A,
)=
d(B,A) "U,
= .
. ,
A,B,C,D
d(A,B)=
= d(C D), {, } {C,D}

, {, }
= {, D}.
,.
.
, u,
. . .
.
.
13.
, t.t . , :
1) :- ('\IA,B){A,B} ={, );
2) : ... ('\IA,B,C,D){A,B} = {C,D} "'{C,D} ={, );
3) : -
('\IA,B.C,D,E,F){A,B}
{C,D} {C,D}
{E,F)"' {,)
{E,F}.
14.
, 1 , 1
1 1 1 ~.>
{,, ,}= {, }.
15. , , , 1 , ,, , --
,- ,- 1 ; { 1 , ,)= {, } {,, ,}"' {, },
{,, ,} "' {,} . 1.
100
/I'I (."
<.:.t.

16.
, , 1, ,
, 1 11 { 1 , 1 }
{, },
, 11 { 1 , 1 }
{ ,}
{ 1 , 1 }
{ ,}, . 2.
n
n .
5.1.

10 13 n , {,}
. n n .

1.
) { ,}

={C,D}
CD
= CD.
. n
. n ,
n .
n n n
n , .
l . ()
2.
1 1 11
1 1 11 1 1
~~-,
1
8,
C.:JI 3
= (. 3).
N
C JI. 4
_1.1
.111 11 11".)
3. (0
, , 1 , 1 , 1 ,
1 1
101
1101'1!0 i\YII
:1 -- 1 - 1 - "
nl;J
= , 1 =, ,, =, . 1.
, 1 =, 1 1
4.
+ ,, =
1 1 =
+.
, ,
1,
, r
, :1m 1 " 1 ,= , 1
m r ,, i: ,, = ,, = (.
2).
t.
MN =,
h , N, . .1
: h :
2.
M-N-P
NP = IJ,
= +/. , .1 =
(.
4).
"" "".
3.
N,
, = MN = h, ; M-N-P,
/ h .
:1 :1:1: > , < (.
4.
5).
, = , (.
6).
TilJa , r
,
k(C,
) nn1 . n
n . n
.
. .
S.
r ii
CV >
, = ,
, < , (.

k(C, )
6).
n, n
k.
5 r r ,
SM : : : : , , 1 ,
(. 7). 1 5 , 'l
6.
, :1
5 :5
().
u n n
, - .
7. ()
'! '[ '[ 1
.
102
II
..
; .
, . : 1
I(A)
= At
I(B)
I.
:!1 :
= Bt::. =
(
)
I, I,(AB)
= , .
5.
., 'f --,
'f 'f 1 , , 1
1 - - .
1()
1,
I(B) =
1 , 1()
= .
, -- : = +.
1 1 =, 1 = 1 =, 1
=
+ 11
, 1 - 1 - .
, ,
. , ,
, , n n .
n .
, ,
, . .
6.
, t
= 1 I
1() = 1,
I(B)
= 1
, 1 , n
I(p)
1 , 1 = =, 1
1,
n, . n ,
.
. ...
1 , n n
() .
~.~.
7.
1.10 1.
IIO; IY,Ii\ I'IIUC 1
\.IH' IIIol Yl
103
IOII
(, , ) ( 1, 1 , 1 ) l]
1 1 , = 1 1 11 = 1
<l'tiJIOJ p:tBtl/1
r:l;l 1 : (
1() = 1 ()
1 , ()
pcr-t<l r.t, 11 ., 11 11 -
= 1,.
;11 11 o:\l eTp l tj ll 1, 11 1 . . 1
11 r-1 11. 11 ; <~

1111 .
2)
8. 1)
() .
1)
11 (!'.t
2)
1).
n 1 u 11 .
. ! (
) ![ 11 ;l ,1 ![ 1 ![.
t.
!!1
:!!
![.
, ~1
= ~ <=> (3 1) 1 (~) = ~1
9. ;1 3 .
. ,
(!!)
= ~ 11 ~:!!! 11 ~.
t l t .
5.2.
10.
r1 .
Opq
u ( (.
8).
,
,
_______n, ,
.../
--- --- --'
C . 1.!S
Opq n , n
, n n
.
, , Q .
104
110,(},( \11IHK'I
1110\!Cl 11'' llt.:I\11111t.:ape , . ( llpco;tc llt.:KOIIIICapc

l;t'II\C 0. . Q. 11\1.1 10\IC, i\ 0. . Q lpCil)j) IICI\11 )ltiO, L P {]
llt.:l\<1 Jl' 1\0IIIJCI\C,\11 ) 1<10 Optf " .I) pi!BIIII Jl' 11 tf {, 1 1\ ril.!.t
(> )
1 < 11 1 (tf/~) = tf {; n tf {= L POQ 11 fl , n tf { =
LP {}, ro J(OJilf) = Jl
l11 !101\<) r) ) ..1.1 ) HCI\OIIUCI\Cilll .
pt.:\ltl ;Ici1H11IJ11 )II 11 )' ..'l. r11. 11) C)'I.Ijy
..1).t1111\ ..1)'11, 111 11 : ; 11 1111 =
= . tf nopeiiIII..'lOBO.HII~1 ycoBII\Ia .11 )' c.1C
.:teh 11 .
11 . ;- [n:t . . 11 tf. je. tiiill ) :1110 11 :t 11:1 :t
mm:1 . , f1 1, , ...\1 7:t'IKC . Q, , Q. m .
= 1' 1, OQ = Q 11 PQ = Q 1.
. ,
Q. 1' 1, Q 1 11 111>.. yr . 1 .ra

= 0 1 ,, OQ = 0 1 Q, 11 PQ = P,Q, (. ), (O.P,Q) 11 ( . . Q,)
1 113 : 7, 11 .t noc10j1 1 ::11
, ,
11
Q nper10;111
.10~1 , ,
Q.
1111 111\111
~ 10 .111 .1 () = , t = tf
Op l t) 10. = , .1 no 11 1 1111 n11 1110\l ,t
. <\1\
. .
;ra
. ( )
11
J(Opt/)
= . 0.1<.'1, ~ltt11
1110\!Clpllje.
p<II\Ia . rpiiJil r1.1 11 11
. .
= ,
..'1)'1
p<IUII\1<.1 r 1(0)=
J(Q) = Q , 11 n = 0 . OQ = Q 11 PQ = Q . 8
..111 11 cr<tOBIII\Ja jeaJ-.IIi\1 )-II\.

111 l i\1
llaB0!111MO
).
q'
1
1
q,
' ~
K
,
<.. 1
1'
1)
<...1
IU
12. yrao 0 1 :1:1

1 1 , 1 :1 .., t
,.., .1 O.p 1lf 1 r .
.-. ll ea

0 1 1
2,
11
(.
10).
n , 1 n 1 ,
. , n 4, .1 n 1 1 , n
Q 1, 0 1Q 1=0Q 11 P1Q 1= PQ. n 7
, , Q n11 1 0,, ,, Q,.
. n ni 11. .
it
rrn rvnn;ma
105

0 1 11 Q.
111111
, 1 1 ,
t( , 0 1 1 t(
. n 0 1 t(
Q',
Q'
= Q. 0 1 '=
Oplf. 11
. 11 t( 11 1
0 1, 1 Q Q'. , 'lCiiHIIIjll,
Q ' 11 PQ
Q ' ~1 4,
Q'
Q1, tf 1
11 ( caaciiOCII 1 11
OQ
).
13. Opq 11 Octr 11

OifJ 1tt 1 11 0 1q 1r 1 .1.
= , , lfl r =, (/ !'= , , ,!
1
11
1 .
9. { .1 :, 11 OtJr :1 ,

{
Ortr. 1 1t { 11 m 1
1
+{. r: (, Opr, l1 i'
+{.
11
11
) ~
1 .
I I 10. cyOpq 11 , {

Opr {
Optf, ehu .. {.
{ 11 : >{ { < , . 11 .
, .
1111
.
.
, :
/ .
.
\.('
q
L . l 11
14. :1
<(
""'
L .
(. 1
12
Optf Oqr n11 , 11 O'p't( O'q'r'

O'p'q' = Opq (. 12). 12 n11 nn O 'r",
106
1 10}\ I
O 't(r''
Oqr. , O'p 'r ''
Opr ( 13).
tti11 : O 'p 'r "
Opr Opr O 'p 'r ' , , O'p'r "
O 'p 'r '. 12
r O'r"
O'r '. ,
O 'r(r'
O 'q 'r " , 9 O 'q 'r ' Oqr.
=
=
i5.
r .
. ' ' ', .
' ', .
13,
l. l 1.\
(.
ll. Yrao
... 1
14
14).
, r
. , r
. .
12.
, () r
(. 15). .L . .
1 .
.
h , r.

yrao
h r .
( .
13),
Opq Os Ops
Oqs, Os
Opq (. 16). s, Os,

Optf .
01
i
l:;l
, , .
15
--~-
; . 1(1
<..:
1.
17
S.~ fi(>Jl~,tI'IIOCT ;. I,( ~ 1
, h.
107
,11>11-\
AS
= SB
(.
17).
n 11 t 1,
, :l..7 . -
, . noOBII
(AS
= ,-1 ).
! 11 n< ,
IIII {BIICTII
11 ei iHIIUIIj} 5) r r <IBII).
13. .\! )) pp)CII/Ielter:mrau ,
1 11 :
Os1
) r.r .1r u:
) r: OptJ r ojmra r rr (, :l
r +(;
) r 11
11
:1
= .
:l :1 r, yrao
jetmlmr r 11 t1ru yr.ra
n1
Osr
) .
II n
90.
1 . , n n
. n 11 t (
- rad),
grad
h 1111II r. n.
n , :
(r.1
n
90);
(90);
n (
90,
(1R0);
1RO.);
1so,
360.);
(360.).
n, 11 <~ 11
60
11 - . 1
) '
= 60'' ( 60 ).
= 60' (n
, 11 {, lttxo n
( +(
= 90 '),
n (. +(
. n11
11
= ").
n.
l. n .
. ( n .
= 80".
+ /!._
2-
+ { _
2
()"
- 9 '
, n, . .
)( I (
1.
11 , - -.
SC = ~(- ).
2.
, , . --.
11
11 , MN = ~ .
3.
4.
11 ?
5.
11 n ,
11
1".
n ,
. .
5.3.
1 , ,
, , 1 ,.
(
ilABC:: ilA
" "):
=> = 1 1 , = 1 1 , = 1 1 , =,, {: = {: 1 , = 1
,
. , n
= . ,, 1 , 1 , 1
I(A) = 1.I(B) =,, I(C) = 1
. 18. :
6 ! 6 1 1 ,=> = 1 , = 1 , = 1 , = 1 , {: = {: 1 , =

.
.
r
.....
,.
...
<....1 IH
l.-1 I'J
,.
....
16.
109
IIOY/IPI!OCT 1 POYI I
S.1
( )
r.
!!:.
= !!:. 1 1 , <:>= 1 ,
: !!:.
=1
= 1
= !!:. 1 1 1 , 8
1 1 1 , ,
= 1 ,
= 1 , = 1
1 1 1
,
= 1 1
7,
1 1,
= 1 1 4 1 1 1 ,
n 1 1 1 , n ',
= 1 ' = 1 ' , .
'
= 1,
19.
= 1 1 = 1 1 ,
(, , ) ( 1 , 1 , 1 )
7. ,
1(8)
= 8 1,
1()
= 1 ,
1 8 1 1 , , n
17.
1 , 1()
= 1,
. n n
8,
n .
( )
r
:
!!:.:!!:. 1 1 1 <:>= 1 = 1 = 1
: n 1 1 1 , n
,
= 1
= 1 1 ,
= 1 1 = 1 1 , , n
, = 1 1 , =, , =, , .
ll
LBAC = LB 1 A 1 ,.
n 1, n ,
1 ()= 1 = 1 1
= , , , ,
11 ,
, ,
1 , 1 , , , = ,,. , n n
,
!!:.
=!!:.
1 1 1
18. ( )

!!:.:!!:. 1 1 1 <:>= 1 = , { ={31.
19.
( )
(
).
t.ABC=
!!:. 1 1 1
<:> =,
= 1
= 1
f3 {3 1 ,
r r.
n n n ,
.
n . . .
vv n ,.
20
110
l . l _ll
r TC .\ IC
11
-
.. t
n1 11 n 1. lla . 20
( ) . 11~1<1
/1
BIICIIHe.
BIICJta
1 . 2 1, 1 r 1 ,
11 ,
'"
( "). ll ~1
11
11 h
, 11. 1 .
1111
. 1 , 1
11
1 ,
11 1 1 (. 2 1), 1
= 1 11
11
2. 1 1 1
1 1,
1 .
11 ,
ACD 11
1 1
D1
(.
22).
CD
=1
11
D1 = 1
: = 1 1
= 1 11 r = r, ). D 11 D 1
AD 11 1 D 1 nn1
11 1 ! 11 = 1 AD = 1 D 1 , ACD 11
1 1 D 1 n , . ;\, no ,
= 1 ll o, 11 1 1 1 : = h 1 11 = 1
= 1 , 01111 1 1 .
CD =
D1
( n
11 1 1 ,
, ,
aiiMIIIIX 1111 . 1 ' ;s
s .
'-I DOV'-fllhCl\10 nnv~n
k"nitt
tf""f !l
""'~ il HPiVI~ r'"n "t Ht flt t)o
111
. IIOYPIIOCT I'OYI I
20.
;:
: = (.
LABC
23).
, = = ,
LBAC.
t.ABC == t. .
LABC LBAC .
, . LABC = LBAC,
t.ABC =~, h 11
=.
h
<....1
L . t.!.l
24
( 11 . 23) ,
( c~I. 23 ).
~ r , .
h . . .
'I IIJIJI .
20
21 .
. r ,
= , = ,
LACM =
= LBCM, . LAMC = LBMC,
= (.
24).
r 11 .
,
.
11
.
OCI/OBIIY,
. s ,
= . 1.
. 11 S (. 25).
AS = BS. SM = SM, rS BSM , ,
11 2
I IOYI'I IOCT
s
. I.
25
<..:.1.
ASM
BSM
, .
4.
= .
, . .
CD . ,
26 L 2, AD = BD.
CD, D .
BD = AD,CD = DE L BDC = LADE ( ),
BCD AED . = L2 =L3.
.
: = . = =
= , . .
1.
1 1 1

2.
CD
C 1D 1,
11 D 1 1D 1
1 1 1

CD
C 1D 1
AD
= 1D 1
BD
= 1
4.
Opq
5.
Oq = MQ,
Opq.

,
. .
5.4.
n nr-.1 , r-.1
n 3
22.
( ) ,
1
.
. : fl .
1) , 12 n n,
An, Aan . ,
n
An
n (.
27).
<..:.1 n
<..:.1. ~
fl
2)
, n (. 28).
, n .
, 12,
, nn , n
n n . ,
,
2,
n n
= . ,
.L , ,
2 L,
n.
.
n ', ,
. S ' n ' '
n', , C'S'
AS'. n
', '= . BAS' BC'S'
LC'BS' = LABS', LC'BS'

L CBS, , 12 '
. , , '

'
,
2 ' =. , n n '
, n
.
2, n= n '. , n
23. , ,
, .
. ,
n , 1 n
n i i .
114
I IOY)! I'I!Ol'T
21
22
. .
24.
. Bn
, n
(. 29). n
CS . 20,
. ASC BSC ( )
CS . , S .
S' .
21 n CS' , n
. ,
S'
= S.
<.:.1. 2'
<.: .
30
. n
( , ,
.). .

14.
1 1

, .
(.
30).
n
.
25.
( 21 ) , , '!
,
.
. .
n n .
1 , ;t: , 1
. n n , (.
21
. !_.
Ca ucl1y ( L777-J855),
:11 1~1
31).
5.4.
II
11
115
I'BIOi
.:\ . :. .
.1 .
.
CJI. 31
={}.
1 .
32
, ,
=
DP.
D ,
D , =
DP,
= L APD = 90. = AD.
!:!. ::::
!:!. BDP,
BD.
= AD, = BD
!:!.:::: !:!.ABD.
L
L DAM, AD ,
!:!.::::
!:!.ADM.
DM.
= DM,CP = DP = , n !:!. :::: !:!. DMP,

L = L DPM. , ,
.l .
, 3
.
. , ,
.
26 (
) . .
, $. ,
, ,
, .
, (.
.l . ,
32),
= .
.l .
,
, .
.

15.
, 1
.
,. r n
.,_.,_ n:01 .
cv
.l .l .
116
O).t /! PIIOCT
\_
q\
'JL
"._-t ---~ --\
33
34
27.
. ~ . , ,
(
22) .
n , ' , (.
34),
' ',
n
14
' . = '
, .
.
28. {,
{.
, .
, .
-
<~ .
, <1 , n
{ .
- ,
.
( ).
,
.
, .
5.4 H OPMN IHO CT
16.
PIJIIX
11
117
PnH II
/; 1
1 , 1
. 1 .l ,
, . .
n .
. n ()
().
35
'.
.
n n n .
<...:. 1. .3~
17.
'
, . 36. ,
1.
n , 11 . n (3,
(3 :::>
2.
,
n . .
. n n ,
. .
4.
(3
, (3 .l .
5.
S CD .
CD , = = DM.
n SM n CD.
118
ll OYAPIIOC
5.5.
, .

. .
.
.
.
, , ,
, ,
+ (, R); .
""
, ""
.

, :
. , (. 37)
.
. , .
.
.
18. 5:__..!! CD
tt
( ),
CD, ,
, CD
(. 38). !!!!: ~ ,
, ~ CD (. 39).
,,
CJI.
38
39
___.~ 19. _3 /,
CD, : t t CD d(A , ) = d(C, D).
5.5.
5.
119
. :
/ =, = t~.
, n n n n
r ( n n ).
. n n nn n
. ~
. . ft .
d(A,B) = d(A, ) , , 19, = . .&.
1
1
)- - - -/
, .
40
41
6. D 'B 'C'D ' I< (. 40). ' =

== .
. ' , ' , '
DD'
, ~ .
', i', ', DD' D,

. .&.
7.
D (.
41).
= =.
.
.
LA LD
LA.
AD . , , D
. DC
AD, n AD.
.
. .&.
,
. ,
, .
29.
3 .
120
/\I
.1
, .
7VfN
N.
20.
N N. :
=N.
N
,
.
21.
N, .
~ N, MN :
MN : d(M,N), . MN
.
11.
,
. . .
22. (,), 3 ,
.....
. , . .
(, , ),
. -
.....
-.
. , 1 1 = .
V.
23. = N, - t ____,.
.....
NM .
-? ,
.....
. ~ . ,
.
30. . .
1. , . = .
. N
..... - >
= MN ,
~,
_ ~__ _
MN
(.
42).
/
1
(" 11
d )
N,
, ,

= d(O,)().
d(M,N)
MOXN napape-!!Q!PaM
rrpea 7, MN = = .
5.5.
121
UllTOI'H
3 ,
~ V 3 , = .
Vo ,
--<> ~ ,
V ~ =
V0 .
24. =
.
, .: ~
. .

,
.
. 31,
?
( . 43 ).
25. = Al3 = , r=

....
.....
k2:7
. .
""{
11.
43
44
, ?
.~ .{ ;:
?= .!:!,
ABCD
--+--31>
= DC = D == (. 44 7).
I}Rea 44

r= AD +, .?= +?
-------+
(1)
--<>
g , _!!i, -
~ = n ,
~
---+
-il>
=---+
---+
= . (~
, ?)
122
I I
45
46
-i"
~
~
-il>
-+
+ = + =,
(2)
~
-: : :
:
(.
45). ,
r + -iJ = -iJ +r= .
(3)
:~ i!y n -
. ( . 46) .
'!
+ =~ +
~
+ z~= .
, ,
+ z~=
i!= + lt
(4)
.
31.
( 1)- (4)
(l), (2), (3)
(4).
n <t
. n
V + = lt . r-1
, (+ .1)
+ ?! tt
; , , n n
i<-~
v' -Y
-
+ + Z: n
47
? , +
.
26.
-
(-
, - = +
.1), - r
- (. 47). ,
1
8. ~ .",
++ = .
1t += lt = -
123
5.5. IIEKTO I'I t
. + = ( . 48). ~
n n~ .~ .i}' .!!_ JLC,
~ .) u ++ ..::... __.._<
~__. Q , , (), +
,
= + = .
C;t.
. 4 !)
~<
9. ABCD , ED
=AD -
=- .
. _!! . 49 + ED
= AD, 1fD = AD - .
, + = = i- . i =,
=- ....
n 11
+ +
3?
. ,
, , n
. , ,
, , , n n n
. .
--+
27. V k R k--+
:
1) 1 k 1 1 xl
1.YI
1k 1 1x l;
2) ;
, .
3)
k>
<.
--+
1) k-=
k = = .
n k .:
31
. ( ,
, . ) ,
(
32)
. ,
124
IIO/~YJ~AI'I r
, . ~1, (~
) , ), .
32.
~ ~
k, k 1 , k,
!{ :
k(X'+ ) = ki+ ky"":

) (kl + k,)X'= k,i"+ k,t;
)
) k,(k,f'} = (k 1k 2)x"":
)
l_?=?
. ) .1
k,
+ k, =()<'=
n .
'>' k. > , k 2 >. (k 1

.-::
[ (k1
+ k,)x~[ = [ k, + k,
1 k,.:~+
k,i"[
(k 1
<' k,.:~+ k,~-
= (k1 + k,) [ .t'[ = k, [ .i"[ + k, [ .t'[,
[ [ i'[
= 1 kjr'[
+ k 2)
+ 1 k,r'[
+ k 2 }<' =
kJ
1 '[
+ k,
1 '[.
ky:~+ k,f':
) k 1(k 2fj (k 1k 2)i"; .

k, k2. ,
k 1 k~ ,
.
1 k]
1)
(k,xj
[ (":- [
=
=
1 kl 1 1
k,t'[
1 , 1 1 '[
1 k] 1 1 k, 1 1
= [ k1
t'['
1 1 k, 1 1 '[.
k 1 (k,r') = (k 1 k 1 )x~
) l~ ,
28. ~ <'=
( ) ?
[ .?[ .;7,
17= L"
10. (. 50), : LBOA =

= = = 2; M,N , . -
= 60 ",
, , , ,
ON, ,IJN,
NP ii! ii';
.
' .
' =
= 1.
=+ 2 ' = 2 + 2 = 4. =
= 4ii!. = 2if = 2m, :

= (5 += 2'+ D1i,
---------).
------'>
1-....;. = + = 2n +
2 = 2 +,
= :4 = 2ii! + 2>- 4ii! = zif- 2ii!,
- = 4z
~ + 1--;. 1 ON
= - + AN
2 = 4m + 2 (2ii - 2m) = 3m +n,
MN = ON- = +n - (2....;.--;.
+) = 2 -n,
NP =- AN = -2m- '2 (2n- 2m) = - m- n
--------1<
....,.
---------- -1-- --
5.5.
125
fvf
<...:.
5U

n ,
. ,
. ?
, : .t"
.
29. k 1, k 2,
...
,k. ~ ..<;,
... ,-:
k~+k~+ ... +k,,X:

.f7, ~... ,-:.
30. ~. ~... , : .
k 1, k 2,
,k.
(5)
.
(5)
k 1 = k 2 = ... = kn =, ~.
i;, ... ,-:
:
,
. ,
.
-+-+ ... ,,.,

- .
.
1 , 2 ,
()
k~ + k,x-; + ... + k~-: = ,.. k, = k 2 = ... = k. = .

33. , ;
. '"" t t .' (;"

;
~=%.
1'
= 1
i""t ~ .:' ~
= - ,%",
= 0
126
I'II
0
mx+my=.
, ? , n 30,
n k 1 k 2, ,
k ~~+ kVJ~= . k~ kV~ n,

n.
}? k-:;:: ,
(7)
~
n k 1~+ kv7= k 1 -:;:: k2
-:;::
= kx.~ = k'~ /:~- k 'x= (k - k')~= .

~
k- k ' =, ?:;:: .
34. ~ ?
.
. : ? n . ,
? : , 33 k~-:;::
= 1.: kx.~- + 7:= ,
~ ? .
n. n
~
~ -;::::;1;
~
--+
-+
, , , =, 01 = = z.
_!]? , (.
51).
, n k 1 -:;:: ,
= k 10A. , n.!:!) kz -:;:: ,
= k 2013. ?= = k ,OA + kzOB = k 1~+ kVJ"""":a
: ? .
, ~ ?
, n k 1, k 2 k 3,
,
-+
-ilo
k .,x
(8)
-+
+ k?)l + k-:1- = .
, , k 3 -:;:: ,
(9)
CI.) l
~:-
? ? 7
-
~~ q =
11. ~~ , ,
= 2 ~+ = ~- }~ .
. ,
33
k -:;:: , = 1.: k
+- ~= k(2 ++
3 ).
127
I'!'
5.5.
( - 2k)l'- (3k + l)= .

1~ ;~ , - 2k
+ 1=
3k
k = -
= -
'-"
12. ;;;~ k" ,

= 2 ~- :-.= 4I~- 2 Jt ?= 1t- 4 i-~.
.
i"= k,?+ k 2 ?
k1
k1
. lt- 41'=
k 1( 4 ;~- 21?)
k 1 (21'-
;l
( -4 - 2k 1) 1'+ (3k 1
k 1 =
-2, k 1
4k 1) ;~+ (3 + 2k 2) lt = ,
= - ~-"
~ ? (9),
i" ? ( . 51). u
, u u
.
35. ? ,
?" q,
( 1)
.
k,""
34
8). ,
k, =,
. .
k,?+
(8)
(9)),
ky~= , , .i'
(10).
i"= p'i'+ q'f:
(10')
?+
+ (q
( -')
q- q'
. - '=
(10')
qy-+= '?+ q'f:'
-+-+
- q') =
.
-+~
-
=. = ',
q = q',
(10).
36. : >? ? ,
iJ' , q r,
ll= + qy-++ rz:
______.,
DA
13.
D (. 52). R, , CD
______.,

-+
= 1 = 2
128
I II
.
-+
1
S n . AS
AS
=2~
ez;, =
= 2]_,.
( 1
-+
= - 2 ;.
SB
7\ -
21(-1 .+7~;\,
= SC
BS
= SD.
CD
= - 21 (~- ~.
-
l
= - .",1-.
( 1 + ;) . .&.
14.
(.
52
<.:.1. 53
1 , 1 1 ,
53).
--+
-+
1) 1 , 1
2) 1 + 1 + , .
--+
-+
1 n
--+
-+
=
n =.
---+
_) n
l, ~ ccl?
1)
-.
ccl
= 21 nz
-
n.
----+
= n- ' Ml =+ i (n- )= i + n), II= in- ,
-+
----+
---+
2) 1
ccl
+~+
=.
) 2) ,
, na . .&.
LS.
1 1 = 1 1
11
. n
1 1
-+
= 1 + + r =
16.
. (
. )
-+
-+
-+
11
1-.
8 1 1
-+
= 1 .
2 n + + 2 \" -
-+
< 1 1
) = 21-.
. .&.
AD
ABCD, . 54.
1) 2N = + .
2) n
) .
. 1)~
:----+---+
N = +
+ EN.
n
,
v
---+
~
~
~
~--+
~
MNCD MN = MD + DC + CN. + = BN + CN = ,
~ i. i.((I{', 7NfN = "'/fR + nr
129
55. IJI'.KTOI'II
2) DCIIAB, , k R, = , 2N
, M N n . S
= (1 + k)
MN n . N = S + SN. 15,
,
--+
MN
= 21
--+
SN
ACD, MS
= 21 DC,

--+--+
= 2 ( + DC) . .
17.
. :
~
-+
-+
if=
= .
. 55
-
--+
= kAM =
+ .
n.
->
nz
= ,
n
= knt
k.1 = + n.
--+
= -+ -
k1
Zf,
o---:-t"
-
, ..
m = :. +
-+
n
-+
= if+ -k1-+
(b- zf) = il+ +-(- ?f) = m
~
+n + -+-
nzn
m n . .
8
<..::1. 54
C JI.
18. , Q, R S
56).
PQ RS
55
D (.
.
..
!::!1
AROP
PQ
= + AR + RO. , .Q
= PD + DS + SO.
POSD
R
<..:.1. 5 ,
_____,.
----+
= AR
--+
->
-+
+ DS + RO + SO.
RQO
OQCS,
n,
I :IO
fl(l,{) 1\ I'II .I
23Q = R + S + C5R + 05.

~ 2( - OQ)
05). i! ;W
= 2(RO -
n <, ~
.rwca ~ ~
= OQ
11
R5.
PQ.
= 05. .t..
RO
}t,\ 1tll
1.
LAOC
2.
= 90,
l\1 paI\Iepll
= n tl =
, ,
1 : 2.
~----+-:>
..,.______,.
= .
+ lfD = AD + . .
3.
n .
1 ____.
--+
= (
+).
----+
4. ABCD ,
---+
__.
+ .WE +
-7
+MC+MD=O.
5.
, , ,
~
6.
-;::;:-;t..
D,
, 1
+ + EF = .
BD F 11~1,
t + CD
5.6.
= iEF.
l\1 ,
() .
/ , 1 ,
1 h (. 57).
( , , 1
{3 1) .
, ,
(3.
1 1 , .
11 , 11 n /:
: /111. 11 t <t 11
, ,
11 , ;
11'1 , 11
, , , ;
- ,
, , ( Yt
,
: .
.
37. : /
r .
t 31
~. 6. I!\ 1 I, IIII I' 1111
1.
'i 7
. 1 (.
at
58).
>.
BD.
, , :
CS
= AS
BS
= DS.
BSC ASD .
BCS DAS . L SAD = . .

SAD
BD,
1 1
1 ,
> L SAD,
>
AD

. .
38. ( )
,
.
. t
(.
1)
59
60).
1)
={* 11
2)
{3
11 h *
= {3.
, #-
{3.
, , ,
n
{}, . 59. , , >{ (
, af3 ). , #- {3,
1) .
CJ I. 59
2)
: #-
#-
{3
noevie {
',
(.
60).
{3,
60
n ' , t
. ,
132
1) h' 11 . 11 ,
( , ', ).
, ,
2).
:
.
. 39
40 .
( )
39.
,
.
40. (
) .
,
.
,
.
41.
Opq
01 1
q1
11 11 Oq 11 1 q
. , ,
.
. ,
0 1 1 ,
0 1 q 1 . ,
(.
61).
, .)
Opq 0 1 1 q 1
19.
61
62
Ops Osr. Om
62). S Os q
(.
S,
SM
. q
Om
= {}
= {N}.
SN.
. Opm OMS ( 39),
Oms Om Ops.
Oms
L OMS, OMS
MS
OS. NS OS. SM SN. .&.
5.7.
5.7.

5.3
133
,
. .
.

43. (
64
.
. ( )

+ f3
+ =
+ 1 = 180.
- ,
.
- (
) , ;
60";
45 ";
134
,',!U
() ;
( )
.
( < u)
44.
.
. ,
[) ,
D n (. f>4 ).
BCD DCE .
L L BClJ . BCD
: L = L [) = 90" L = L CBD
. L = L BCD,
,
f\. .
, :
BCD n .
L .
20.
r, n. .
2 = IRO".
L CDE
=L
21..
= f3 + . + = + f3 + ,
= 90". : = f3 -, { = +, n
f3
90".
&
D.
BD
= DE.
jeDM DN .
AMD AND AD :
L IJAM = L DAN ( DA ), (.
li~). n DM = DN.
CDE ) ,
1 , L CED = {3.
EIJN, L DEN =
= f!, L IJNE = L BMD = 90" DN = DM, na
IJE = BD. &
22.
r , ,
AD
. =, .
BAD
CDH
(AD ) = , ABD
CHlJ n . AD = CD, ACD
HCD
ABD
CHD
(.
66).
n. ,
45.
L =
45".
ADB
&
{3.
5.7.
135
65
C!l. 66
> , D, CD =
67). ACD , L CAD = L CDA;
rp. < , D ,
AD CAD , > rp . , ABD rp
, rp > {. , > rp rp >{ > {.
.
(.
, >{. = ,
={ (
20 5.3), < ,
{ > ,
. ,
>
L.1. <>7

( ).
46.
( )
,
.
. .
, CD = = . jeAD =+ (. 68). BCD

, L CBD
L BDC; rp. {
L CBD . L ABD > rp, . D
L ABD > L ADB , , AD > ,
+>
. +
>
+ > .
136
110/tYII
, , 2: 2: .
> - >
, + >
>
+ >
-. 8
, + 2: ,
.
23.
<
24,
+ 2 < + +,
i (++) . ..
. :
1) L
> L
2)
69).
1)
<
+
N
<+ .
u (.
ANB ACN, L ANB > L ACN.

LAMB ACN, L > L ANB.
L > L .
2) A CN + CN > AN. + CN +
+ NB > A N + NB, CN + NB = , + >
AN + N B. , MBN MN + NB > , +
+ MN + NB > + . + MN = AN AN + NB > +
+ . + > AN + NB AN + NB > + +
+ > + . ..
,
C t.
70

, ,
.
47. (
137
5.1.
.
(.
70)
ON,
f3
, , .
~ = . ,
BNO = ON. = = ON'-.....__

..._
-
ON.
- --
CNO
( ).
, ,
.
ON
;r, N } , ~, , N,JJ
.! .~,
, , ' ,
, ' ',
, '
>
, 1 ' .
, , ,
.
,
, .
48.
( )
(;,.
72
. S s 1,
s 2 (. 71). 3 5.3
: S s 1, = CS. ,
S s 2 CS = AS, AS = BS. , ABS
, S . , S
. , SA = SB = SC,
S SA ,
r.
138
I IOYPIIO CT
49
( )
. n n ,
n , n .
, , 1 1 1 (.
72).
1 , 1 , 1 (
, ,
). , , 1
= 1
=,
1 1 , h., 1 1
1 8 1 1 .
1 1 ,. ,
BN
(.
73).
. MN ,
. .. .

PQ
n : . , PQ = MN PQ

11
MN.
MNT PQT (MN = PQ ),

= Q. = , BQ = QT,
= 2TN. n
NT
= 2
.
.
50.
( )
1, .
h
.
(.
74).
BN
S,
.,
Ct. 73
C t. 74
5.7.
139
. , ,
AS
= 2SM,
AS
1 .
l:.t. 7u
C t. 75
, = 2, = .

AS . S , 2
S = . , ,
= 2, = 2TN = 2.
, ,
S,
, .
. ,
.
C!t. 77

, (.
( .
S,
76).
78
75).

(. 77),
.
78.
140
IIOY/II'I IOCT
25.
u n
.
.
~ {3 ~ (. 79).
1- ~ ~'
u n
~ ,
1- ~ ~' ~. , ,
. &
:1.
- 1. 7'
80
26.
u . N , MN l. S
MN.
AN
CS.
u. BN (. 80). PS
BMN , PS 11 ; 1. , PS l. .

u ( n
CS
ABN,
na
MN
PS).
l. . ,
AN 11 , AN l. C S. &
CS
){
1.
5 rp, 8 rp
9 rp.
2.
AD
L DAC
= L .
. n
u. .
4.
5.
ueo
u : ,?
ka.
N , n MN
, M N . .
6.
BD
, D - B - E = .
.
5...
5.8.
141
1EIHOJ'(>YI'A()

, , .
u .
.
. :
""
-
( );
( u);
( u)"
; u u"
51" ( )

. R< .
" :
+ f +
'!
= 2" 1~0"= 60"" 8

1\
1 n : 5"
(n - 2)" 180""
, ,
_(n- 2)" 180"

n
"
~~-
(, ")
:
= 360"
? u
81
AD =
BD, ( ) r
\1" BAD BCD,
(u 'I

)"
("
ABCD,
, ().
, ,
N, , Q AD
BD, MN
11 ,
MN
= 2 ( + CD)
PQ
=2
IAB- CD 1"
, ,
\1 : + = 1RO"
+ ;; = 180" ,
f3
142
AD,
. ,
, , .
,
.
31.
52
( ) -
:
) ;
) ;
) ;
) .
.
ABCD
, {, , (.
83).
11 CD 11 AD .:;.
+ { = { + = + = + = 180
40).
11
CD 11 AD .:;.
= { =
( 41 ).
) 11 CD 11 AD
ABD CDB , BD
BD
ABD
CDB,
= CD = AD.
=
,
CD = AD, BD BD
ABD
CDB, L D
L CDEJ, 11 CD
( ) .
IIAD.
CJI. 83
84
5.8.
143
I'
= CD.
CDO (
, ), r CDO ,
= = OD , . BD !?.
) 11 CD 11 AD, ) >~
n . n,
n, )
n. n (.
84).
BAD, ,
, .
, .
.
(.
85).
(.
86).
. , , .-.
. .
. n
.
C JI. 85
27.
86
u n
. .
. n
ABCD
CD <
, .
f3
87.
CDE
AD
D ,
( ). ,
, , 5, 5
> . + 5 > + f. .
, , ,
D,
28.
>
f3
BCD, CDA , DAB
144
OilYAPIIOCT
(}
. 1 .
87
. 1 .
88
89
. , , D ,
(. 88) (. 89).
jeABCD
, n
. ,
360,
90 .
jeABCD , ,
, , BCD, DCA

120 . .
)~I\
1.
n
.
2.
3.
n ABCD , N
CD. DM BN
.
4.
5.
ABCD ,
DM .
, ,
6.
7.
.
n
5.9.
150?

. .
, n .
k(O, r) , (. 90).
, ON -
5.9.
145
I'
C:l. 90
91
, .
. ,
, L ()
. (
) . ,
.
91 .
, . ,
r ( . 91 OS < r) , .
.
.

, .
. n
.
,
.
r . 91 t .

(t
.l
07).

( .
91
> r).
k(O, r 1)
92-97.
c(S, r 2)
d(O, S))
(r 1 > r2):
OS > r1 + r2 (. 92);
OS = r 1 + r2 (. 93);
- OS = r 1 - r 2 (. 94);
- r1 - r1 < OS < r1 + r 2 (. 95);
- OS < r 1 - r2 (. 96);
=S
(.
97).
146
IIOYPIIOCT
92
93
94
97
<.; .
95
96

n n . n
.
(. 98)
. ,
, .
<.;.
9!!
99
5.9.
147
) .
53. (
rr r .
.
(.
98)
(.
99).
1)
, L
L .
= L = 2 . <5 = 2 {,
+ = 2( + {3 ). + <5 = L , +{ = L ,
L
2L .
2)
.
() .
,
, , .

, . 100.

. , n ,
, .
.:1.
100
.
22 ,
. .
,
.

,
. .
22 . Rs~c (14R2- 1559),
148
Ap,Aq,Ar ,
101,
, ,
Q, R, ... ,
(102). ,
. (
? !)
101
53,
102
n.
(
) .
("
") n , .
.
29.
19"
19
. ( n .)
.
1919
= 361, :
1 .
.
("")

(.
19 .
1,
103).
54. (
( )
.
. n r (.
, n ,
vrao
104).
vrao i.n n
5.9.
1.
149
1.
103
104
. ,
(.
105).
LAOB
( ).
,
.
Cil. 105
30.
106
<.
.
At
< (.
At
106).
k
( . 106).
, s S', AS
AS'. S '
k' ,
S'A.
k ',
<. .
k'
k U k'
. .&.
31.
> r.
k(O,
r),
150
O/\YJIPII OCT
. <1 .
k 1 .
107,
k 1,
r , . .
107
r .
55.
( ) r '!
.
. (.
107)
= . n =.
1.
C . lU!S
lU7
D ,
( .
108),
. 1r.
ABCD
56.
. . ,
,
N,
+ CD = + AD.
ABCD
Q , , CD, DA ,
108). 55 : = AQ,
, (.
= BN, CN = DP
DQ. :
+ CD = + + + DP
+ CN) + (DQ +AQ) = +AD.
+ ) + (DP + ) = (BN +
1 - CD 1
1 AD
1-
, ,
(.
109).
57. ( ) ABCD .
. :
+ = {3 + = 180.
. 53. , ABCD
, n
5.9.
151
, +
(3 + = 180.
OD.
= 180.
' _- -"-t
1
"
t/
109
110
ABD.
k . ,
( .
CD
110
+ ' = 180,
) ( "). ,
'.
= 180, ' = . ,
', > ', .

, .
. ,
, , , D.
58.
ABCD LACB
LADB.
32.
.
.
k ,
(.
111).
D
ADC . , BD
MN
BD, .
111
I~
1.
.,,D,?
2.
.
, .
152
!IO}l..YilPIJOC!
3.
4.
k(O, 1) m , , 11 h,
n
{). L
90.
5.
k:
k2
k2
{)
. 1
5.10.
n =
k1
= 90.
5.1
:
-, ()
= 1,
1() =,,
I(C)
= 1 ,
- -
1 - 1 - 1
()
.
u
. :,
.
1('! 1)
'!1 '!2
1('!2) =.'' 2 , :
'!1 '!2 ,
'' 1 '',:
='',
1)
.'', '' 2
2)
'! 1 '!2 ,
'!','!',.
.
() 1;,
m . 1,- .
n i
. , n,
1
s (. 112).
'I s. <:~.
n s. S
S s AS = SB. N
s, N
f/:.
I.t
s. n s, N' n,
N',
:~.
s NN'. ,
s.
, TOI'
.
11 32.
, '
'
< 111 OC III
III'BIICI
153
I'I <I."IIKCIIJI
N'
s
.1
\....1 . 11~
11'
ll () s.
1,.
11
, .
33.
1"
'}"'
( I)
'}" 1 ' '}"', )

(.
113).
N'
'}"'
,(')
= ',
'}", N')
= ('"').
=N
.
')
= '}",
' n
s.
'}". ,
ABCD

115
114,
( ,
.).
11 : ,
. ( ), , -
C;r.
14
(.;..
11 5
154
110/\Y/I I'IIO CT
( ) , (11 ),
( ), ( < ) .
.
59. () .
''
= ' '.
' =, ' '
= .
s.
s.
s, ' =
11 ,
tl s tl s s
.l
s.
, tl s, S s ' (.
116). AOS 'OS , = '0, OS = OS AOS
'OS , jeAS = 'S L ASO = L 'SO.
BS = B'S L BS0 1 = L B'S0 1 (0 1 ').
LASB = LA'SB', S =A 'S BS = B'S,
S ' 'S' ( ). = ''.
, ( =
S),
' .
.l
s,
' '
.
' '
. 11 6
L:. t. 117
60. fL
.
s,
' = .( )
'
s,
(.
11 7).
' .
' .
117 , , ,,', . I, (A,B , C)

(, , '). ,
I, ( , , ')
= ( , , ) . ( , tl s). :
I,l, ( , , )= ( , , ) , ,
7, I.oi ,
I...,I, = I;. . . (
I Ioi = I; .)
, .
60.
5. 10. OC IIE 11 I'I.III CK E
155
J'EJIEKCI IJ E
61.
, .
.
, . ,
.
62.
) .
I, () =
118
, I, ()= .
= , = , .
119
s,
11 .
;; s n s
{S} (. 118), , (S) S, . S .
,
= s, . , n = {S} .
= 0, 11 s :
s
n s
0 , .
11 , .
119.

.
, :
;
;
( ,
, );
- I, I, ()
= ,
( ) ;
33.
'' '
120
s.
. , ' ' , s
' '. '
62, n '' s (
n ). .
156
I!
34.
1 .
1 , 1 = Il(B),
I., . s.
.
62.

s = {S} ,
1 1 .
1 1 : 1 1 = A 1S, (. 121). ,
1 1 1
s = {} , 1
( 1 ! ! s). AS
1 , 1
1 , s.
-1 .
120
11
s,
35.
121
C; i. 122
1 1
. .
, , .
. 1 = I.(C) 2 = I() 1 2 n = {}
1 2 n ={}. (. 122).
++ = + 2 + , = 1 2
1 1 , , 1 1 : 1 1 + 1 +
+ 1
= 1 1
1 2 ) .
1 2
1 1
>
1 2 ( 1 1 1 2
.
, ,
n.
, (. 123).
34.
', ,
n. I ,. () = '.
n .
5.10. OCII F lli'IJIICKE
.:.
157
II
. 24
123
.
,
.
. :
- ;
- ( ) (
. 124, Ir () = {3, )
() -
() .
( ,
, ) .
,
.
1.
. 1 1 ,
, :
1)
2.
2)
: ) ; )
.
. =.
D
DE , . 7 .
.
4.
,
. n .
n. ()
n .
5.
k ..
k,
k1
k2
, ,
cv
At
A z,
158
I IO/lY;\ PJ IOCT
5.11.

. .

S , S (.
m t
S,
125).
. I\t

24
5.4),
S.
S,
S (
S .
t.::r. 12<
125
35.
1 ' S
S.
I,

36.
1.
S.
7' I, 1 t 7
' 7' : '
),
126
' ' '. "

".
,
t. 1\ ,
.
~._
...
, ', ',
= I , (), ' = I , ()
........ : ..... .... ,n ,
'
..,,... .,,., ....
63.
S (.
" --
ro
,.."
,.. r"-,
,.. _
127).
_
>.11. }1111'1' KTI11 111'111
159
ASB 'SB' , na ASB 'SB'

n ( ). = ''.
S n , ' ' n, na
' ' , .
n 35 .
64. u'I '',

'
'.
1,
. ) =' .(') =,
( ' ) =', najeA 'B ='.
= ',
na )
'
'
127
11I1! ~5
,"
::ta
121-:
1, )= ')=, .
= ,- I\1 11 .
1 <t <t it. I\10 !
65.
1 11 .
. / n S. 1. h, n
1 I 1,(M 1) =', . 11,.,I"(M) ='. n
S n h ' (. 128). 59
1 SM = SM '. : LMSM'=2L ASM 1 +
2LM 1SB = 2(LASM 1 + LM 1SB) = 290 = I!I0. , , S , '
!I ' ; . na
. , nII
nt <t ' 11 (! I\1

<t
I,
= ll" .
S.
<tI 11 \l n :
11 7" n11 , <t 11, l t

. <1, n t
!! , .
l\t n,
.
66. 11 / .
,11:. llea 11 ' n, '= 1 (). n ,
II\1 <. , . () '= {} ( . 129),

11 <t -t ' , ' = ,() !\! 11 '.
S,
'
1 1
'~ - -- - .... . - - : ...
160
<\ 1'1/
S, '
= , '
ll/1).
~ S,
11
' ~ S
' , (
2)
' =, . 11 . 8
4'
-4--\
'\
''
'---t"
Cl l .ILI
CJI. 1 2'
67.
. .
.
= ,
u r.
= 0,
11
. 1111

(.
S . , I,.(A) =. n
130) )= '. '
n , '
.
= ,
.
1.
( ).
68.
. 'l .
- f\t ;
r-1;
- r.t;
n t\t;
- I, I ,
()
= , . n -
( ).
3 ,
.
36.
r.t .
(. n ) nr -
161
;.11. }(1\l'loKI/11 II)Q,\1/'TI'/IJI'
. S
(. 1) . .
t:.J
37.
(.;;]. 132
lJl
k 1,
1,
. ,
.
.
MN, k, N k 1,
MN (. 12) . ,
N . ,
k k ', . (
0', ' = k'
0',
= AN.
k.)
IAk) = k',
Izi()
= AN,
= N,
k'
k 1
= AN.
1.
1 1 1
1)
2)
; )
S ; 4)
2.
1)
2)
; ) ;
4)
5) ; 6)
; 7) ?

.
. , . 1
2 1 .
c,cz = 2.
4.
n .
n , .
162
5.
I IOY:I~I'IItJ~
ABCD
CD,
r ,
10
() :;t;
N.
60
65
, ,
, .
1)
(.
);
2)
. ,
, .
C.I. 134
. 1 . 133
-i; (. 133). ,
:;t;
I () = 1, lh ( 1) =' I In () ='.
= ' L ' = .
if!
R 0 vr .
37.
if! ~
:,
R0, ;
7, ~
R0. vr
~ R 0.~ (!)
~ (. 134).
u .
, , , <
' '
135.
, .
. , ,
, . '
R 0 ;t (a) =',
ON, N
ON' N '.
69.
(.
136).
'
' .
'
= R0,1() =
',
5. 11. / tiii' IKTIII'
1\O~ I'I'IIJI'
'
C..:. l. 1.\5
C..:Jt. 136
h-. , ,
n ' (.
136).
yrdo
. <
<
1 , '
, ' : R 0 , 1SO"(A)
I 0 (A).
, .
;
(
n,
= 180
< 360);
= 360
( -
( );
38. - . (
, , - , , 60 .,
d, "-",
" +" (
) ).
. ,
,
(.
137).
' , '
= R.-(),
ON'. A.
39.
, , , --.
. ,
CD
ABD
. .
. DBC (.
138).
= DB = ( ). ,
LABE = LABD + LDBE = 60 + LDBE L DBC = L DBE + L =
L DBE + 60, LABE = DBC, DBC ,
= DC. = LCBE = 60, BD =
LDBA = 60, R,f (DBC) =. R.f (DC) =,
N CD n .
r::~ iP. RN = LNBM = 60. BMN . .6.
164
I/\l\AriiOCT
137
40.
k 1,
138
k 2 k 3
S.
1 nn
.
. k2 =
LABC = -60, = R,- (). k 1' ,
k ' 1 = R.-r(k 1 ). ( , ,
LA BC = 60.)
. S ' k ' 1: S' = R,-r (S),
k' 1 k 1' n k3 k(B, )
k n k 1, L = 60. k ' 1 n k 3 = {,'},
, '' (. 139). ..
41.
139
140
( ) n.
. n
, .
PQ
. PAQ PCR n, na k 1 n
k, nn .n PR r:~ nn'll<'u ~ "f(" r J<<o ~tn iP
v . v
S. ll.
LAPC
= 90,
165
I IPGKTII E II0:-1EPII JE
90
n .
k ' 1, k 1 n , k 2
140. .
1.
2.
1)
2)
90.
120 ( ) ;
45 ( );
) !.
. 1 1 .
, 1 1
4.
n ,
5.
n ,
LASB
= 60.
, ,
k,
= 0.
, ,
, l. .
= 21-+
v (.
141).
I. (P) =
I( 1 ) =' . I) = ' . -+
'
it
-+
~ 'v-, 'v- () =' '

itje ';~
= it -
38. !! it
!!' 'v-
1 :, !f
rr
.u '.- '.-(1)
= !['.
141
r .
142
OY/IAPIIOCT
166
n .
142)
, , (.
143,
ABCD.

. , . .

. n .
, .
N
<..:.1. 11.\
'
L.1 l-1-1
143
n T _;;i
.. ...
..
. : _ ; () = , n _
.. .
42.
q, q
11 ,
k 1(0 1, r 1)
k2 (0z, r 2)
q n k 1 = {, } , q
k2
= {C, D } = CD .
. CD
CD
,
.
0 2.
CD
N.
k 1 N : 0 1 ;, k 1 k;,
CD, D (. 144).
k ; k 2 , D .
q, q = CD.
. ~
3 ,
n. n 3 n
. n 3
,
. , .
it! n n()n
F.. uJ..JnnPw'"'" '",""'".,.""; .,
5.:2.
167
m.:III '!l\1
1 . ,
, h
.

.

.
.
61,
; , ,
, .
.
1. pOq ~ :
1) ;
2) 1);
3) .
2.
k 1 (0,,

1.
k2(0 2, r).
k 2
, k.

5.
r)
. :
1)
2)
4.
k1
k, .
ABCD
5.12.
k.
,
, . .
: '},, ... , 'fk,

'
.
.
.
:
1)
2) ;
) ;
4)
5)
;
;
16S
1i\ Jl,\1'1 !OCI
) :
.
, (

, , ).
( ) ,
( ) ,
. .
(, .).

.
, .
.
.
,
101
5.9.,
.
,
, ,
. :
- ,
, ,
, ).
, ,
.

; ,
, , .
,

. , ,
( , ),
.

. 'i
( ,
'>_12..
I I(!
.;). , h
"". "
", , ,
"", , , ,
.
, .
,
.
, . .
:
,
.>~. ;: r >~
>~ (
, ).
1 o:ovte r
, .
"" ().

. .

, " ".
. .
,
>~ .
cna
:\
).
( ).
, ( ")
(:~ ).
43.
: .: 1 , ,
'. (.
11
, 1
145).
t".

2, 2 ,
t,(.\
46 ),
.
.
lla
= 1
(3)
(\)
h % ~'
,= 1 .
t,
1 1 (2)
,
, ,
170
/lI'IIOCT
.1.
<..:.1
145
146
. lt = 1
t .
= . 11 , 1 1 ,
1 1 = ~. 11 = .
. ,1.
, :
1,.
2 > 2 1 . - 2 1 > 2 ...
44.
t ,11 l , t<.
. ' ('. h
: = ~l,., = t \ = 3{<, \1 147

Tl, \ = CIT\, TTI = ~~(' cl
1 , 1 .
= , 1 ( ).
, . .
1.
147
148
45. , - ,
-{ ( > ).
. D ,
CD =. BD = - . BAD (. 148).
ADC , < ADC,
2 rp == 180 -
= +{,
tp
;t f3.
< v
5.1 .!.
171
KOII CT I'YKIIIIII ll ll
ABD, LBAD = !f -{, -
BAD
=~
2 . , -
ABD
.
.
ABD
149 ABD ABD 1).
( .

Ad,
-{.
k(B, - ) d ~1
D 1 LABD i\ .
D
.
s AD BD. D 1
<..:.1. 149
>
. .._
().
, ,
,
.
n .
46.
k .
n
.
. ' . n ',
k , ( . 150
n ) . L
90,
k 1,
. , '
k 1
k 1, .
; .
150
k .
k1
k.
15 1
'
' .
172
!APIIOCT
!f.
k Q. , =
= L = L OMQ,
OQ,
OMQ
. =
MQ,
PQ.
! .
, ' , !,
P'Q ',
' .
'=
OQ' , '
= '
' ' = M'Q' , '' OM'Q ' .

L ' '= L OM'Q' L ' '
90. ,
'
!f.
. =, := {}, ; ,
k 1 ]5~ , 152 ) 152 ).
1.
47.
t.::1.
152
15
N,
BN
= .
MN.
NP
, 153. BNP , L NBP

L NPB.
CNP (
N), L
NBP
= ~ L ,
, 1 . , ,
,
ANPM.
MN
ANPM
MN
, . = ,
=S
N =
. , OS
ST 11 ( ) .
ST,
S.l:!. KO!ICTPYK 11101111
/1il11
173
1.
) a,fz., lz; ) o,ll, ; ) ,t, ; ) ,,t.

: ) 11
2.
!! ; )
+ , {.
n , :
3.
) a,hc; ) t <> ; ) + ,; ) + , {:.
4.
5.
6.
n .
7.
8.
k(O, r) n . :
) n ; ) .
9.
k(O, r),
10.
n k,

t.
r-.t , -
, , 2( + ) ,
,
v2gh
i /1
(, , h,
s, t, ... )
(2, , g, ... )
, , :\1, n, ... ). .1
he
, .
- .
, ( ) .
.
1. 1) (1, 2, , -4, }. 2.., ... )

. ,-
2)
(, , , , ,
... )
) r , ( +),
( -), , r ( -
);
4) u
(.1 ).
, u , ,
2 -, ~: ~-
>/2,
4-
Y2Y;7i,
(2 + )(7 + 2), ~; ~ ~~~: ~~: ~ ;:.
vi .
,
, , :
()
3'- 5 + 2, (,) ='"! ', (, {, )= + f3 +.
u
.'"I . ,
:
(
+z)
+xz.
6.1.
175
! .i! ! !t ~\']
,
. ,

, :
(- )(
+ z)
=(- ) +(- )
z.
.1
, .
.
U
.
. , , ,
,- /3, ' +xz 2, 43 - 32 + 2-
1.
. (.
1
1, 5, ',
-4.>y'z'), (. 1 +, - , 1 +') (. '+ + 1,

'
6.1.
).
:r
:r
( + ), ( - )
( ).
TEOPE:\IA 1.
)
( ) , ,
( +) = +,(- ) = -;
) (+
B)(C+D) =AC+BC+AD +BD.
. ,
) (8) ,
), )
.
( ) \1
, , . , " ",
" ". ,
\-r ( "", ),
( " "), :
(+ )( 1 + 2 ) = 3 + 2 + ' + 3 ,
3
(+ l)(x 2 -+ 1) ='' +' - 1 - ++ 1 =
(- )(1
+ 4) + 12
~ l - 2
+ 1,
?
2-+ 4
-12 + 12
'
=' -"-
2.
" ":
' -'= , - += , -3 1 +2'= -', -+ 4 = -2, -12 + 12 =.
,
( ),
" "; ) .-
176
I'IIOIIA.I!II :I~I ![]!':JII
:1 , <-~. )
r . :
ar + - az' = ( + - z 2),
' + 2 + + 1 = 2 ( + 1) + ( + 1)
ar
+ -
- /n =
b)(r- ).
=(-
= (' +
-
1)( + 1),
( -) -
- .1') =
n , nplll\.!ep:
''-
Sx' + 3 2 - Sx =(3'- 5' + 3- 5) = [3x(r 2 + 1)- S(x' + 1)] =

= (.'\ - 5)( 2 + 1).
2. (
- )( +) = 2 - 2
. u :
( - )( +) =' -
-'= '-
+ -
' = 2 - '. 8
!. 1) '- 1 = (1- l)(x + 1):

(+ )'- (- ) 2 =[(+ )- (- )][( +!)+ (-- /)]= 21> 2 =4;
) '- ''= ('- 2 )( 2 +') = ( - )( + )( 2 +').
2)
u . .&
3.
( ) :
3 +'= ( + )('- +'),

' - ' = ( - )(' + + 2 ).
.
(+ )('- +')= '+ '- '- '
(- )('
+')= '- 2
+ '- 2
+ '
+'= '+ ',
+'- '= '- 3 8
2. 1) '+ 1 = (+ 1)(r'- + 1);

2) ' - 54x'z.1 = 2( 3 - 27x 3z3) = 2( - 3xz)(Y 2 + 3"JZ + 9x'z 2);
) '- 6 = ('- 3 )( 3 +') = ( - )( 2 + + ')( + )( 2 -
- + 2 ).
, ~>- Bt.,
1
''- "= ('- ')( + 2 2 +').
1
2
7
1
.'1 - + + '
('+ + ')( 1 - + 2 ), , 11 :
'+ '' +'= '+ 2 2 2 +' - ''

2
2
=('+ + )( - +'). &
+ ) 1
4.
2 2
- () 2
( ) :
='+ 2
= ('+ )
(- ) = - 2 +'.
.
(+ ) 1 =(+ )( +) =' + + + 1 ='+ 2 + 1 ,

(
- ) 2 = ( - )( -) = 2
- + 2 = 2
2 + '.
. 1) 999 2 = (1000- 1) 2 = 10002 - 21000 + 1 = 9'18001;

2) (x+y+z)'= [(r+y) + z]'= (+ )'+ 2(x+y)z + z 2 = '+ 2 + z'+
+ ?rv +
?w +
t. l.
) (fL\: - )~ + ( + ) 2 = \ 2 - 2.t + + \ 2
(~~ + /\~) + (aly! + ~Z) = ( 2 + 2)(1:~ + /);
4) 4~ + 12 + 9 = (2) 2 + 22 + 32 = (2~: + 3)~;
5) n 3 - 4n 2
6) 2 -
+ -
177
'II CO I',I(IIJI I (~J II I X ;i' II I' UIIOII.1 1111 X 1131'
+ 4n = n(n 2 2
- + =
2
4n
2
+ 4) = n(n - 2) 1;
( - 2/ + ) =
2
+ 2ah.ty + aly2 =
( - ) 2
= (
- + ) ( +
).
n n n n n

. , n
, , .
+ 2 + 2
2 - 2
. ,
n , , n,
n . n
.
+ 5 + 6 = 2 +
= ( + )( + 2)
(2
+ ) + 2
= 2
+ 2 + 3 + 2 = ( + 2) + ( + 2) =
II
+ 5 + 6 = 2 + 2. 25 + (5)
2 - (5)
2 +6=
2
(
+ 25) - 41
= ~ + ~- ~) ~ + ~ + ~) = ( + 2)( + 3).
, n ;
(2512
nn
; ,
" " 6.
, ,
.
" n " . ( )
n ,
= +
, n , " n" 5
2 3, 6 2 3,
n I .
.
(2
+ 1) + ( + 1) = 2 -
+ 1) + ( + 1) =
=(- )- (+ l )(y- )= ( - - 1 )(- )
5- 53
= (2 2
+ 4 = (4
4)(2- 1)
+ 2-
= ( + -
+ 4) = [2(2- 1) - 4(2- 1)]

l )(a + l)(a - 2)( + 2)
- 2- 42
= ( -
= 2 + 2 + z- 2- 352 =(+ )2-
352
6)(
+ + 6) = (
- 5)(
+ 7)
2 + . - 62 = 2 ~2 + ~ - 2) =2 [ ~ + )
= 2 [ ~ + {)
2
-
(~)
2
]
= 2 ( - ~
1(
2)
2
-
(6)2
lly2- 2] =
(2
- 3)(
2).
178
I'ILI1 011..III II ..III I\I'<.II III'
11
-
. :
+ 2 = (-
1) 2 + 1,
2 + 2 + 4 2 = ( + ) 2 + 2.
( + ) 3
(- ) 3
( ) :
5.
=
=
+ 2 + 2 + 3 ,
- 2 + 2 - 3 .
(+ ) 3 =(+ ) 2 ( +)= ( 1 + 2 + 1)( +)=

3 + 2 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2 + 3 3 + 2 + 2 + 3
3
(- ) =(- ) 2 ( -)= ( 2 - 2 + 2 )( -)=
3 - 2 2 + 2 - 2 + 2 2 - 3 3 - 2 + 3 2 - 3 . 8
= (100 +
+ 3 1002 + 3 100 + 1 = 10301;

2) (- 2) = - 3 2 + 32 -2 = - 2 + 12- 8;
) &:3 + 122 + 6 + 1 = (2) 3 + 2 (2) 2 1 + 2 12 + 13 = (2 + 1)'. .&
4. 1) lOP
3
1)3 =
1003
1.
) 3 -;
2.
) 2
+ 2;
) +
- z.
) ( -)
+ (
-)
+ ( -
) =;
) - yl
(- )( + + x1yl + 3 + '1 );
) 3 + 3 + 3 -
( + + )( 2 + 2 + 2
5
- - ).
. :
) 3 -2 +- 1 ; )~4 /-z 6; ) 4 -.
4.
) 4 2 - 20
5.
+ 25;
) 62 +- 2; ) 4 - i
+ 12/- 8.
6.2.
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. ()
1.2. 1JO;J1tiiOMtJ .lbl!HI,
179
11!'0.\-1HII!f'
. , t.
+ 1) +
2)(
1,
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+ 2), ( 1 + (1 +))
5, 3 + 2
2 2 ~
.,
+ .
n,
1)
(1) an
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. ,
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= . <-~
. ,
3 2
+ ): + n~
.t 2,
\-!
5,
/\-t .
u;
(). u ,
, . : 1~ ~
l\. R ; ,
() ='+ 2 - 2 + 4, () = 3 3 + 3 '- 23 + 4
= (1 + Yl) 3 + 3(1 + YI)'- 2(1 + Yl) + 4 = 18 + .
5.
52, (!+ Yl)
" (.. " "
(1)
() n"1 .
(1)
"+ 1
+ ...
+"=
1:
1'(1). &
~1 "n" ti r
u :
2.
Q,
, . r
.? :
()
= "" +
...
+, + ",
. 11
Q(x)
= ,;" + ... + 1
1> 0
' + 2r'- 21

2) (4' - 2r + 5) - (4' + 2< - 5) = -4 + 111;
3) (<- l)(x 1 +' ++ 1) ='- 1. .
+ 5) = Sx' + 2< + 2;
:~h .
6.
Q,
, 1 r.
PQ Q;
( )
Q.
, , r-
( ).
.1 .
Z ,
Z.
4.
, 'I
lf .
= BQ!
.'. .~1 . ff . ( 1)
r .
1=
7. 1) 110>1 '- 1
- 1)(' + + 1);
1,
'+ +
1.
2) '+ 1 - 1. ,
Q, 2 + 1 = ( - 1)Q(x),
. , = 1 2,
t , _1 Q .
,
.
,, :\I" ( :1 )
:.
7.
. ;
Q R,
=BQ
+ R,
~1
R .r .
. :-. Q R.
: Q 1 R 1, Q, R"
BQ, + R 1,
BQ, + R 2
B[Q 1
Q,] = R,- R,.
(.
Rl = R 2), n (
i R 1 R 2 ). , n
~
rArTA
;Pri.Jr
nr
'.::>L.."
nnrun~.~
(\''
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rn\I'iV
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h.2 !10;111110\111
Q 1 = Q 2).
181
1111' 1\11-.11III'
Q, = Q 2
R, =
R,,
" .
u .
= 2
5. Q
='
8.
+ 2r'
3 3
- 5
+ 2r- 3.
" ".
,
.

='
1.
R = + <i. , n:
/,
''
3 3
2 1 +-
5 = (r2 + 2t - 3)(r 2
(+
d),
' - 3'
2 1
='
(-+ 2
+ (2 +
+ c)r +
)'
+ (- +
(-
)'
+ <i).
= 2 +, 2 = -3 +
-3
+ , 1 =-+ 2
+,
-5
-.'\
+ d.
Q ='-
= -5,
+ 15, R
= -44
= 15,
= -44,
,=
40,
+ 40.
r
. : '!
: 4 : 2 = 2 2
" 1 + 2r:--::;x2, . .~I
-5 3 + 5 1 +- 5 -5-\ 2 ,
."l -5 .
~ 2 (.
). ,
(' ~
1<3 + 2 2 + - 5) : ( 2 + 2r - ) =' - 5 + 15
+ 2 3 - 1r2
-5 3 + 5 1 +
15
- 5 3
10r2
15 2 - 14 -
15 1
r-
45
-44+40

''-
1< +
3
Q=
2 -
2 +-
5=
+ 15,
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('+ 2- 3)( 2 -5
-44
+ 40, .
+ 15) + ( -44 + 40) . ..._
182
I'itiiOII:IIIII AJIH;..\I'CII II I'J II

. .
11 . ( )
- ,
_z> :1:
8.
(), .
:'I =.
. n -
, , . .
()
()
= (
- a)Q(a)
Q.
= ~r -
a)Q(x)
+ ,.
=
+ r = ,., .
u
.
. - , .
() = ( - a)Q(.r), () =.
9. l) =3
+ !! - 1 .
:r~
P(l) = n - 1.
, 2 - 5 + 6, .
= (- l )(x~ -
Sx + 6) =(- l) (x - 2)(- 3).
2) = 1 -' + 22 + -3, n
( ) = . - 1 Q = ' + 2 + 3.
Q(- 1) = , (l n Q .r + 1. (l Q = ( + 1)(~ -+ 3), .
= ( - 1)~r + 1 )(2 - + )
( 2 -
+3
) . .
) (
1.
) 1 A z n ,
(\ .
) nl\t , n n
, (I .
2.
= + +
)
3
) = 1
, = - l;
= 2 -
+ 3 - 2,
+ 2.
3.
-
4.
8)5 + ( 1 - 4)-'
2.
, :
) ' +
ZJ
( 1
1 ~.
9\.z +
23
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l1c7out ( 1730- 1783), ~
+ 4 + 4.
r, __\.
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6.
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,, () . D
. .
1)
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l)
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S \t
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S.
u . ,
.
.
;l (, ), (, ),
:'\- " ", .

: D, S, ,

kD, IS, k, 1 "#.

D S
( )
u
1.
,
. , \t,
. ,

= 3 - 1 - 4 + 4
= 2 - 4 +.
, = (- 1)(- 2)( + 2) = (-1)(- 3).

D = - 1, ,
1 . ,
u S = (-1)(- 2)( + 2)(- 3),
,
10. u
<ll = ( -1) 2 ( 2 -+ 1) 2 = (- )' (+ Z)(x'-x + 1).
.
. D = (, )
184
1' 110N 11 N II
, - 1 2 -
+ 1.
; - 1 2, 2 -

+1
1. ,
D = (- 1 ) 2 ( 2 -+ 1).

= (, )
, ; - l ,x
+ 2 2 - + 1.
. ,
= (-
1 ) 3 (
+ 2)(
- + 1) 2. .

. ,
.
.
11. 1)
4,
- 2,
+ 2.
( - 2)(
+ 2),
= (+ 1) ( -
2),
= (-
l )(x- 2).

( , , ) = -
2,
l )(x + l)(x-
(, , ) = (-
2)(
+ 2).
2)
= ( -
2)(
= ( -
2) 2 ( - 6)( 2
= ( -
2) 3 ( + 8)(2 + 2 + 5) 2,
+ 4) 2 (2 + 2 + 5)2,
+ 2 + 5) 3,
(, , )
(- 2)( 2 + 2 + 5)2
(, , ) = ( - 2i(x + 4) 2( - )( + 8)( 2 + 2 + 5)3 .
3) 2 - 2 , 2 + 2 + 2 , 2 - -2Z, ,
( - )( + ), ( + ) 2 , ( + )( - 2).

( 2 - 2 , 2
+ 2 + 2 , 2 - - 2 27 = + ,
( 2 - 2, 2 + 2 + bZ, 2 - - 2 2)
(- )( + ) 2 ( - 2). .
( )
, .
12. 1) 2 - 7 + 10
(- 2)(- 5),2 + 7 + 10 =(+ 2)( + 5),
2 - 7 + 10 2 + ? + 10 .
2) ( 2 - 2 + 2 , 2 + 2 + 2)
(( - ) 2 , ( + ) 2)
1,
2
2
2
2
- 2 + + 2 + .
3) ( + 1)( + 2), (+ l)(a +) (+ 2)( + 3)

1. ,
, ,

+ 1.
(>
1.
OIIEI'J!Jl:
I'Ali!IOI JAJ!JII!:-..1
185
;..:)II\1 I111:-.1
1.
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+ 2,
) 3
xz
+ 2t - 2,
('+ 1)'(2- 5);
5) 1,
+ ~ + 2- + 6;
~m-~-+~.m+~--~,-~+~-~
2.
) 2 (
) 3
)
3.
+ y)(2t- ),
+ 2 + ,
2
'(-
y)(2r +), (
+ y)(2r
+);
, 3;
xz + yz +xt + yt, xz- yz -xl + yr, .xz + yz -xt- yt, xz-yz +xt- yt.
) 3 - 1 '- & 2 + llx- 6;

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6.4.
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11
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1)( + 1 ) -' _ 1 , )
. :1.

""' ""' .

, . -
186
PI\IIOHJI!-111 II'!' IIf'A"JlJ
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). , ,
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13. 1) Sa'- - 4
1
1
+
+ v)(zt)
-
( '
+ vz - xr - vt
.vt xz + xt
xz
2)
yz
= -
1)
x)(z
(- 1)(5 + 4) = 5 + 4
~ 1
l)(n"+a+l) a"+a+l'
1 ~ ).
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+
= ~
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z-
1 ~ ()
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n.
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t :-.1 ( , . ),
.
15. 1)
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+ _-
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2 -
?.
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~-6~
0'
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1
(
)(<
1
z)
y(z-
)( -)
+-- 1_ __ _
z(z-x)(z-
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xyz(x )( z)(z )
- xyz(x- )( z)(z )
1
xyz'
~~~~z~,~~~z~
<I {l, ~1:1.
, .Li
r <-1:
6.4.
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O !ii'AII I'AOIINIIIIIM NII' I II'A II MA
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. ,
~ , ~ , D ~ .
16. 1)
2
2
1
. + 2 +
(-) 2
+
z).
2 _
= ( _ )( + ).
(-) 2
. (
+ ) =
- (+ ?
- -
~ , ~ -.
2)
+2+ /.~(+)
2
2 - /
. 2 - ( - )( +) . +
n+ 1
- n-
n+ 1
n2
) z=- =-n- . (n -1)(n
= - ' ~
n~ , 1, - 1.
+ 1) =n -1'
-;;,
.
~~ Q , yajallto
. , ,
.
(1 1 1) =
- __-1-):~
= ( -) - ( +) .
2) (-1
+
- +
17. 1)
-+
= (- + ),
~ , ~ , ~ .
i = - 2 = _ ~

~ , ~ , 2 -
~ .
+q
-
_ [ - _ 1 _ - 2 + pq +
+q
- q3
1
q
= [ - +q
- /
n2 :..___.3,_
22
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2
2_
z + 1 .
1
1
_ q, Pz + pq + qz
-.------.
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= -
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2 - 1
~ , 1, - 1. .
+ )
+ ( + 1)
2 - 1
'
- 2
( - q)~ + q) +
1
- - 1
- (+ q)(p- q)
zP
( + 1)
~ , ~ - l,p ~ q.
4)
1
1
1
1 = 1
=
+ -1
+ -::---:;-1
+ -:----:;1
-
--ar- =
- 2
+1
+ 1) -
1
-+
1'
'!/(I(
1_
) ____ ,
2 -2+''
a+li'
2.
+1
2 -5+6
.:.r ~1
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t1 :
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) 2 1 _ s;i+;
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5.
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+
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1
1
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1
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11
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7,
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189
JIHEAI'III Jf'J\IIAII!<
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= . ,
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0).
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2.

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. 2
+3=
+ 2
, ,
= 1. ( " 1",
). , ,
= . , ""
- {, 1},
{1}.
+ 3 ++ 2 =
3- 1 +
+ 2.
, ,
Sx + 3 =
1,
-2.
+-2
,
=
-2.
, , ( h)
. , "
"
;
( "" ).
(1)
2 + + = , ,
: .:1
kt + 1 mx + n. , :
= <> =
= .
2
3
-- 7
18. + l - _ 2 = ' 2 .
. ,
-:r
-7
-7
190
I'I
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AJI!I~\I'CI! \3\'I!
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fl { -1, 2},
-l
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r- 4
, +
+ 4
+4
'
'- 2
4
+ 4
. ,
x-=z+ +2

=- 2'
(r - 2)( + 2),
2 (r + 2) + 3 (r- 2) =
5- 2 ='+ 2r,
"' 2.
\1 ,
= (+
'
2).
+2
=
(
- 1)( - 2)
= .
= 1
~, =
= 2.
~ .
1)
2)
= :
= "' ;
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) ~ pcinec = !!...

( 1{ );
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u ,
, .
no
n,
_, n_
1), 2)
3)
.
, . L
.
rd , n .
20.
(3-2)-
Sa =
(2-3).
.
. (+ J)r = Sa. :
) = -1, ; <,
(1),
= -5,
) =
21. mx + 1 =
\{; ) "' -1, ( -
+ 1 . .
2 -.
.
(+ !)= (-

;t.:
l)(m + 1).
= -1, =
-1, n , = - l.
191
t..S. JII!I'Af'HF HJI'H!I!I'
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1).
l>)x = - !. r : .1) = = 3;
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(-
23.
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= _
k.
k2 - 2
(k
+)
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k1
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1,
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= 1.
1 '
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i .
(1)'
IJ .
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.
,. -+ z1
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1
.
.
1
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2
1 <l
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.
f:
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f(x)
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R.
.
.
,. . uf
. , "-", ( 1 ) = f(x 1), . < 1 + =,+ 1!,
"', 1 =,. , "",
,, = "-------"
. .
R, /(<) =
L_l>_
=.
=, , (
f(r) =
"-" "". .
.
[, 11 1~ 1~
R,
(, ) ;:
= f(x),
{(,) 1~

(2),
1 ,
= f(x)}.
={(, ) R 2
l~,y =+ h}.
192
I'll/IOIINI IIII NI I,M'CII III'II
1)
> .
(0, ) nn , f(O)
= + = .
n 11 1 , ~> h 1 ( 1 , 1 ),
2 ( 2 ,2) (.
= 1 + , 2 = ru: 2 + .
N 1 N~
Or n
n , N 1 N 2
( 1 , ) ( 2, ). M 1N 1 = 1 11 M~N2 = m:2,
1).
n 1 1
11
N 1 : AN1 = M 2 N 2 : AN2
=.
, M 1 AN 1 M~ AN2 , LM 1 AN1
2 n n.
n 1 , 2
= LM2 AN2 , , , 1
( 1 , Xz
> 0),
n n .
, 1
R,
+ )
1 { 1 , 1
1 . 2 r
G.
( 2 , 2) 2 , , Xz >.

N 1 N 2
M.,AN 1 M']/1N2
= 1
(.
1).
N 1 :AN 1 = M 2 N 2 : ANz,
M2N 2 = AN2 = .2 2 = 2 N2
G .
+ = .2 + .
, 2 ( 2 )
[()

>
= +
C1.Z.
1. 1
2)
< .
(
), . 2.
) = , f()
(. ).
>
6.5.
193
;!II:I'I ! JI~)\IIII'
u ,, , ,
u() =+ . ,
[1 () =
+ h 1 [2 ()
=:+ IJ 2, .
= 1
+ .
, =
Cl}
(. ).
, r
f(x) =
. :

xCI)
f?
, , "1
=[(). ,
= + !
+ + = ,
, , 2 +';< (.
),

xCI)
. , ;< ,
, = 1
+ ,
--,
= "'
=
-.
,
(.
4).
=-~
1.4
f() =+ h.
jef(x)
[.
. :
1)
;< , [()
[ = -%, = +
= -
(. 5);
194
rI\I IOIIN111!1 Al EG>\!'CIOI !I II
= ()
2)
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+ =
, , (.
6);
) = =, = + = ;
R / (. 7).

(
) .
n
.
= ~
1:0
24. :
1) 1 - 2 1 = 2;
2) 1 2r + 1 1 = 2 -;
1)
- 2
= { -
- 2 = 2:.
1 -
= 6.
2, ~ 2,
2 - , < 2,
2,
< 2.
-2, ,
~ 2. < 2
2 - = 2: =
( ) .
,
= 1 - 2
= 32,
1 z
= 2
(.
8).
.
~ - ~ 2: + 1 = 2 -
= < - ~~ - 2: - 1 = 2 -.
2)
= -, . ,
: = = -3,
1 = l2x: + Il 2 = 2 - (. 9).
)
1
1 -
'
3,
-3 ::s < 3,
< -3,
2,
- 6,
6.5.
195
I' I
Yz
(;;.
(; ; .
10.
1U
2:: . , ;
. .
1.
= ( + 1i +
) ( - 2) 2 + (- 1) 2
) ( - )( + 5) =
2 - +
'
) ( - 2)(2 - 1) = ( -
2.
+ 2).
(, ,
... ) :
1 = + 2 - ; ) klx - 2 = 4 + k;
+
+ 2) +
) (
3.
2)(3
( + 2i;
+ 2).
+ _ 1 + . ) _!_ + _ 1 _ _ ___!?!_.
- - 1 - '
1 - 2 +'
) (- 1)(2 +)= (+ 1) _ (-l)( -)
+1
-1
+l
4.
1-
1+
= :
) ;
5. : ) f(x)
) f(x)
6.
1 -
1; ) f(x)
= +
) ;
) .
= i x - 1; ) f(x) = -2: +;
1 1-
1 -
= 3 + 1;
2: -
=5
- ; )
- 1
- 2
= 1.
!96
II!!II '!;I' II:'II
6.6.
, ,

(1)
+ 1
{ 2 + ,
= 1
= 2 '
. 1 ,
h 1, 1 ,
,,
IJ 1,
1 .
( 0 , 0 )
~ 0 + h.y0 = 1 fllto + -' = 2 .

.

.
21
'
.?.
(1)
, 1 , 1 , 2 , 2 .
, , 1 ( ,
).
- Gz ,
al
(2)
!'.
= a 1h2 -
a 2h 1
(3)
6..
(2)
+ bty;;::; 1
;;::; 1 2- 2 1.
) !'.
ai
"'n.
2- 2
cl
1'.
= 1 2 1'.- 2 1 .
(,),
(4)
2) 1'.
= , 2 - 2 1 "'.
,
.
3) !'. =
24
1 1
. ". G<~;~
, 1 =.
(1777-1855),
<~. r
f>.. C!tCTE~JI
:IIIHE'AI'II!IX
197
JFIIIIJJ
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=
, - ,
,
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+ 1 }'

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= 1
= 1 2 - 2
-ti
>'
6 =
1 2 - /, 1
r '~'-);,"'-':.)
= U
(4),
R.
,, ,, , ,
( , ,
L'. = 0).
+ =,
' + . =
1)
1 , 2 ,
2)
1 = 2 =, ;1 t,
(, )
R,
R,
9. ()
az, bz, Cz = al bz- az ]. :
1) .1 L'. >' , (r, ),
], ], ,
12-
Czbl
,=
a-,cz- aze1.
,\
L'. = 1 / 2 - 2 / 1 1 2 - , 1
(1) ;
3) t. = 1 2 - 2 1 = 1 2 - 1 1 = U, :
) 1 , 1 , 21 2 11 ,
(1) iL , , >' ,
(,- 1 , , !{;
1
2)
) 1 =!: = 2 =
,
(1)
2 = 1 , 2
;
198
!'L!O!JAI!If ..:1\1111
) 1 = 1
= 2 =
2 = 1 = 2 =,
(1
~r,y), , 1{, .
~
. I ~i
.
25.
4.+2~ ..
{ -r- ~ -9
1)
, 2 + ~ .
(,) ~
2 ,
3-
(,

R.
!. ~
2)
(
(
-1
+ 1)' +
- 2) 2 +
c,h, - c,h,
3-
2),
~ 1 ,- ,, ~.
(- 2)' ~ ( - 2) 2
( + 2)' ~ ( + 2) 2
+
+
(+ 1)'
( - 1)'
+ 1.
, : 1\
-\'~0
{ - +~ l ,
,
+ 2)
+ 2(2r +)
2(2- )- 3(
~- 8
(r- 2)
~ 7- 4.

+ = . , (, )
.
4)
"
{ ==
- ,
. ~1
-1
ar-y=3
{ (1 - ) = - 3.

=
1,
. ?i:
t ~
- 3
1_
3
= ~,
" -1
-=-
2
1,
" v
( ~ ~. ~ ~ ; ) .
!t6. CltCTJ.,MII
199
BEAPIIIIX [,III
. ~
1,
- = - = .
() (.
,
(.
11 ).
12).
-: -3
l . l. 11
12
x+ky= 1
{ kx - k = 2k. + .
5)
x+ky=l
{ -k(k + ) = k + .

= -3,
=, , .
(1
+ ,),{ R. ,
; -, =
(2,- i)
= 2.
- k'

. ,
. , ,

.
26.
=5
=1
kx --
. 2 += 5 - 2
1 ()
= l,y = 1. k += -
200
+ 1~
, .
IIIOI!A.:J/!1! I' I!J'AJI[
= 2.
:'
. ...._

. n.
27.

2- + 2z = -2
-2x+y-z=l
{ - 2- z = -5.
z = - 2 + 5.
4r- Sy = -12, -+ = 2.
= 2,
= 4
z = -1.
(2, 4, -1)

.
.
28. 1)
2r- + z = -9
Sx + - 2z = 12
{ - 2- z = 1.

( , ).
-2 ;

-5
x-2y-3z=1
+
lly
7z =- 11
7,
!z =

.
.
-11
x-2y-3z=1
y+7z=-11
-64z = 128

, =
3.
-2.
, =
(1,
1.
-2).
3x-2y+z=5
~
fu-~+2z=4
-+ +
z = 2.
z
n

-2,
-1.
6.6. CHCTI.MH
201
JtilfAI'I!HX iII
f3x-
+z =5
= -
!l -4 + 3" = -3 '
. , n
.
3)
2-4+z=
-+ 2-
3z
+ 9z = .
; ,
0=0
-+ 2- z =
= ,
.

(2- z,y,z),
,
4)
2x+y-mz=1-2m
x-y+z=1
-4 + Sy- 2z = 1,
.
, , :
x-y+z=1
x-y+z=1
-4
+ 5- 2z
2 +
- mz
= 1
=1r
2m,
{ -
y+2z=5
+ 2)z = -1 - 2m,
x-y+z=1
y+2z=5
) -(+ R)z = -2(m + 8).
>' -8, z = 2,
= 1 , , = . ,
(0, 1, 2).
-8,
= 5 - 2z, = - z. ,
z R.
(6- 3z,5- 2z,z),
R . .lll.
29.
2.
19,
202
PAIOII.:IJII! ! I!'JI':!l!
. ,
+ 2.
19,
+ 2( + 2)
= 5,
7. .oiL
= 19.
30.
11 km;h,
14 km/h. 11 h,
14 h. 21 km
, .
.
. t
11 h
. .1

21 km
11r km.
14 h
, t -
llt = 21 + 14(1- 3),

t =
31.
7.
77 km . .oiL
10
, ,
'!
. ,
. ~ (;r ~ -(1

i =" ~ =
v,
10
feo ;1)~ -
= 1 7
+ + = 1. -
7u
+ 10v =
+ 16v =
- .
IOu
{
~t
1
1.
1 , \'
15
1 , ..
30
= .:'-1, }' = "l)

_-, . .
!(
1.
2 - = 5
) { -6+9= -10;
{ 2<
- 3 = 2( -)
5+=+ 10;
- 3
S(x - 2 + 1) - 2(2 + - 2) = - ! + 9
) { 3(2- + )+ 4(- +- 1) = 2 ++ 5.
2.
. (, ,
+ =
) { - 2 +
...
):
- = 1
{ - =
) - = -1; ) + ny ~n.
3.
-=2
2-=2
3+=3
4.
,,
1 1 4
-x-y--z=
-5
10x-9z=19
Sx- = 10
{ - 12z = 10;
2
-
+2- -12
- = 18
z
- 2 + ~ + _1z =
rk:x+kv+z=O
) \ kx - ky + z = 1
+ +z = k;
5.
z:
-4
'
x+y+z=l
+ + z = 1
++z=1.
.
,
3 km, ,
40 min.
45 min .
4 km;h
6.
1i h,
.

.
8 , ,
. ;
19 .
24
21
.
h
.
.
6.7.
,
- .
32.
1)
.
1)
+ 3 ;,: -2;
2) 2-
1
2 > 5;
3)
+ 2,;
7-
5.
; ,
. . , -3 (
: " , ")
2r ;:::: - 5. 2
( ),
;:::: -
i ,
204
I'\ I!';.-\! IBI'~I
:>: -
2"
, n
{ R ":
1
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[-
i + ).
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Cr.IJ
2)
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14
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3)
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,
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u .
,

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< (
<
.),
>
, .
, , :
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(3)
+ :>:
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+ ! <
(4)ax+I!:>O,
h .

(RlO) - (Rl4)

1
1) '1!1
~ n ~<
(1 ).
+ h > 0:
7<>
nPiliP..P
rn!.JKU nP!l
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finni
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i iP 1 > _!!._.
6 7. Jlltllfu\I'I!E
205
1JI'JI'I!iti!
2) < .; < _'!_;
>
,;:
4)
: ,
+ <
+ ,;: .
33.
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3.
.
-1, (
) > 2.
2)
,;:
- 2>
- 2
,;: 11_-1:_~.
2 -
{ 1', 1
) =
+}"-:_
2 ,
,;:
" + ]
. -
--

- 2<
+3
. :
'-2'
< 2.
{ Rl
) : -(+ ) ,
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+ . :
~ +}
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2.
= [+
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_ 2,
- 2
,;:
. ,
34.
""
3kx
. (k- !)
+ 1 <+
9k 2
< (3k-
l)(k
+ 1).
3k - 1 > , . k > ,

<
k + 1. k
<
> 3k
1.
< ....
n
. , , ,

f(x) =
+h
, , ,
+ <
+ >

>
,
f(x)
(.
=+ g
15).
<
, n
rv vi u ).
206
PAUI IO HA I!H I'II! II
f( ljt------=:~
f (2 ) 1--- ---....::::...1.....
<..:. 1
C l. /5
lu
> - % f
n .
<
16.
1)
35.
< 2;
2)
3.-
) 1
> 10;
- 1
1 ~
2.
. 1) = 1 2 - 1 17.
1 2 - 1 < 2 ( . r
2)
1
2
<<
2)
.
5
2
. .
<
18
5.
>
= 1
+ 1 -
19.
2 - 4
2,
,
4 - 2,
~ ,
1 :5 <
< 1,
R. .
"f
<.,; ,,, 17
l.
2
.
18
19
6. 7.
207
II!'!I IIJ:J!iJI,\IIIIE
. " ,
f:
- 1~ (
1~ )
1 , , , 1
:s ,~ j(r 1) :s f(x,),
/ . ,
( )
. ,
1 , ,, 1 :sx,~f(x 1 ) ?.( 2 ),
. (
) .
.f(x) =
!)
'.
> . ,, 2
. 1
:s ,
.f(x 1) :s .f(x 2),
2)
<
. , 1 , 2
R,
1 :S ,~ I(x 1)
. [ (.
15.
?. { 2 ),
16).
36. (, )
2-7?.0
\ - 2 ?. ;
~Jx+S<O
) \-
>;
9+2?.0
-
<.
7
2 ,
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. )
?.
. ?. ~- :
[~ +), [~ + ); ,
[~ + ) , 20.
) (-,
n (.
21),
-5),
()
(2,
+).
1.\1 .
-~
2
9
.
2U
Cl. 21
2.
208
!'I(I!OHAHII II!'!II!
~ - ~ ~ - 5 <
5 .
~- .t ~ - ()2 IIX <
.
<
- 9i
: 9
:s;
+2
5
< 3"
l\1
37.
;;"
. [-
5)
22
3 , . ..
~ . (
):
{
.
<
-2
--
<
(- l)x > ~~- 2

>).
1;
>
m-2
> -1
> 1,
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. .
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>
"' t
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-2
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> lT
.
3(m - 2) ;;" S(m - 1),
> 1,
23,
> 1
> 1
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i-
m.....:. 2 < 5 ,
m-2
5
- - =::: 1_
z- 1
_-,
>
1 ('').
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2
<
m- 2
m-1
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1.
23
25
< 1. ~: -=:-f > ~ 3 ( - 2)<

S( - 1), > - , -~< < 1,
i-
5
3
m -2
m-1
<
<
24
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1
-25
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1>.7.1111/EAPHI:;
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209
1/f'/F
,. 3
+
+
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1.
+
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)
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2
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27
C.l.
(~ + );
< 1,
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1 ;
(3'5 -
2 ,
. ...,

. .
38.
+2
. 2-7 > .
_,
< .
) _ < ,
) + 2 _ 1, ) + - _ ,
1 -2
+ >
. <l) ,
.
+ 2 > - < .
< -~ > , u .
:
+2<
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ll
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> - 2,
3
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- 12
<
3
< ..
ll. .
n
26,
, , n .
) , ~ ~ < .
- 9 < + 2 > - 9 s + 2 <.
?: 9, < -2. ,
;:,
(-
, - 2) U [9,
<
-2,
27.
+);
) ,
(- 2)( +) s .
, -3 s :5 2.
(-
+ 2) > .
, - 2, + 3. u 2R
, ,

-3
<
< ()
> 2.
210
PI(IIOHJIIIII A.IIII.\I'CKIIIII'II
I~
1.
) - 2:
2 - + _ 7 2: 2 +_ 7 ;
) _1_ < 2 1 - 2( - ) <
-3
) (- ) (
-3
( -
'
- 1) > 2
2
> ?
r) >
1)
- 3 > 2;
2.
) (k
+k
l)x
) - 1
2: 1
> - ;
2
+ k;
) ( - l)t < 2;
r) m.x + n 2 s nx +
2
. ( ) :
) [()
= 3- 5;
) [()
= - 21 + 2.
4. :
)!
5(t + 1) + 6( + 2) > 9 +
? - ( + )
>
2( -
8);
- 3 s (- 2)
(2 + )(-
1)
2:
( -
l)(x + 2).
5.
1. 2t - 1 > .
) - 1 < ) + - 2
)(t-3)(+ 1 )(+5)>0;)
2 - 4+3
sO.
6. :
)
5 -
< 7; )
6.8.
- 1
+3
> 2; )
2
_ 1
3-
1 "_
2.

, .
.
39. l) x 2 + 4 + 4 =(+ 2) 2 2: R.
2) - + 2 - 1 = -(- 1)2 s R.
2
+ %i 2: , R.
3) 2 - + i = (
2
iy)
4)
2 + ~ + 2 - - - = i[(a- ) 2 + (- ) 2 +(- )2]
,,
2:
R.
2 + 4 + 4 2: , - 2
+
2: , 2 + 2 + 2 - - - 2: . ..t.
- 1 s ,

r2 >
n 1::1
r.R::JK()
R.
6.7.
21!
tifAIIF fi!I"

2. = = ,

, . ,

1) = - 2;
2) = !. )
i = = , . = = , 4) - h =, h -= , - =,
. =
h =.
~ ::5, , ,
:::;:
::5
~ +
z :::;: + z,
::;:.xz .syz
J',Z
, .
:s
+ 1,
2)
4)
::5 2
2.
, :
" ... ", :..ta n
.
,
, ,
r (.
-1 < ' 2: .).

q,
. , ~

( ) .
, , lln q =>, ,
, .
, ( )
, . <> q.
.
40.
x2+y2+z2+3
2
~+ +
z.
(- 1) 2 +(- 1) 2
(!)
+ (z-
1) 2 2: .
'- 2< + '-2 +
z'-
2: U. 2( + + z)
nnnif'J.~::J .in:,r. rnP.n r: 7_ i l .
- 2z
212
I'AIJOI!J!!BI A.lTJi<\!'CKIIIJJII
41.
+- <
2.
+ 1 <
. '
(2))
(1),
= z = 1. -"
2 (
39
. .
2:: 2, .
= . .
42.
+ > ,
+)'<3 +'
. , ,
:
'
3)
+ 3
~ 3 3
+' ~ 4( 3 +'),
3'
3 1
+ ',
(< + )( - ) 1
, +
, ,
>
. =.
43.
, ,
::5 , :5
+ +
:5 .
~ 3.
+ :5 3, = = =
+ +
1. .&

.
.
,
. ,
.
. ~
( = , - == ). ~
vxy
vx'j
- .
, .
. .
10.
< <
_:;-<~
vxy -
2 .
=.
6.7. 1IIFAPHE
II~JcIII!!
213
11'
(-
(2)
Vy) 2
~.
- 2v'ry
+ ~ .
2Yi.y,
2,
~ ~ v'ry, . .

(2),
v.
:
. , ,
z + ~ + 2 , Vxyz.
.
11.
, z .
vxx+y+z
xyz :s
3
= =
.
z.
= 3 , = 3 , z = 3 . , ,
, (
,,
z)
. , ,
+ h2 + 2
+ +
6.1)
39 4).
ah - hc - 2:: ,
( 2)
:s
!~
, =
Vx, = ;,ty, = Vz,

'=
v.tyz :S + + z .
.
=
= z.
44.
/ + + ;::: + + .
214
PAIOIINIIIH NIEAPCIO III PAII
+ ::: 2 -. = Zb.
+ :::
zV .
:+ ::::
2vc: . : = 2.
= 2
'
(:+~+ :)
:::2 (+
+),
.
,
.
= = .
45.
,,z:::
(+ + z)(
ry
+ u) ::: 9Vxji.
.

,
.z. :
ry,
x,y,z,
( )
+ + z :::
+,; +
xfi
~-:;--;;--:;
2
= v f z2 ,
,rz :::~ rx,;y,rz = rxyi.
n ,
(+ +z)( + ry + Yz)::: 9 Vx2 y 2 z2 ~ = 9 Vx 3 y3z 3 = 9i,

.
= =
z. ...
46.
n.
+ = n n = .
10
= . ,
n n
1 2
~s . .&.
6.7.
215
1 11\1'11; IIE.JIIIIII IE
I(
1.
) - + l >_ 2
> ,
- - -4 <_ -1
2
1 +
02
) +~>
>; ) 4 + /
2. , , > 2 + ~
1
8
2: -
R.
+ 2: 1.
= , +
2
< 3 .
. ) ,

~-
+ -
l. + l.'
Jx2 +i
11
,
.
) ,
4.
(1
+)
) Vii
5.
z.
(1 +
(l
+) 2:
, ,
+ V + VCii -l :s ( + + ) , ,
= 1;
2: .
7.1.
, - ( ,,
2.4 ),
1 .
1 = ,
(/
h=
1.
, , 11, 11 mm ,
1, :
, :l
:h =
:n,
n.
7i
n1
11, ; -rm.
, 1 .
~I , 1 ,
=
u = ku 1,
= mk : nk =
mku 1 = nku 1 .. h
:n.
< . ~
.
!
( 1, : ! =:

IJ,
).
, ';
" k, = k ':
: = 1 k 1, = 1 1 = 1 ' 1-
, k < ,
.
,
. , , , , ,
: t,
IIC
: =:
= {{
Li,
~1 ...
:,
, , ,
D , -- --!.
AD: BD, D
. , , , D (. 1).
: =
1. ( )
, q 1 S

7.1.
217
I'OIIOPIIOIIII OCT !/
<...r. 2
AAI
SA
~ = s
SAI
= s ~
. 1 1 (. 2),
(1)
~: = 1k 1. ,
SAA I SBBI : != SAI- SA 11= SfJI- S. ! !
(1 ):

SA1 - SA = k(SB1 -
Sl, SA 1 -
kSE 1 = SA - ksE.
, 11
.
~--+
SA 1 - kSB 1
__.,.
~~
SA - k SJJ
=.
5:41= k sl s;r = k s,
SAI
SB 1
.
1 1
k
SA
= SB
AAI
= 1'
, tm
. n
,
q.
h,
2.
Sp
Sp Sq t
h
Sq , .1
. SA
SA
.
. n
SB = s l n ,
1
n ', , ' (.
3).
SA'
.
SB = s . l! ., n . , SA
1
SA 1 = SA
s ,
, s
. SA 1 = s"
,
.rt
2 5. 1, 1 ='.
' =, .
X O."'OI'TIIJA
11
C:IIIII OCT
-..
......
t..1
1.
1.
. (.
4),
, 1 , Xz, 3 , ,, 5 , 1 =
= 2 3 = , .1 = ~ 5
Xz =
, 1 , 2, 3 , 4
5 1 , 21 3 , 4. ~
2. , , . ,
: =
= :, . , .
. (. 5).
, =, = = .
, .
, = . ,
:
= :. ~
;! .
n.
. (. 6).
, =,
, n N N 1,
BN BN 1 = n. MN , N 1
1 , n . --
- - 1 , 1
: n ( , , , 1 n .) ~
7.2.
219
~.-1\I .\
)~
l.
noctII pa:o.teptt )
2.
) = n ; ) = n~; ) \:
lcm.
:! : 5:
'\
2 : 4.
1111 :
n
; r) =
. 7 n n
. t
, n.
.1 -
4.
MN 11
. 11 1
.t ?
5. 9 11. 11 ST 11 PQ'!
1.
<..:.1
.1
7.2.
'1
n n 11
n ( n ~t).
2. 0 1 k .'/t :1 .
:0 ! .!'. !~ :1 :J'IKif !
1 1 !~ 1

= k , ::' r
k. :(!!) =!,.
, k .
, 1111
:
1) k
= 1, 1 =,
1 =. no
n ();
= I;,
220
XOMOTEIIJA
11 CIIIIOCT
2) k = - 1, 1 =, . 1 11 .
= 10 , . 1 11
1 , 1f0
;
!= k, =~ !.
1f0 1 ,
3)
i;
=~- ~ = k 3 1 = k 0 ~= 1- 3 1= k(! -
'
5)

( k
= 1)
DA)
4) : je1fo(AB) = 1 B t, jeAt B1ll 11 ~:~
= 1k 1
(. 10).
, .
3.
1 .
. --. += . 4)
kAC,A 1 B 1= k 1 1 = k , 1 1 + 1 1 = k(AB +)=
1 1 =
=k
= 1 1 . 1 1
4.
+ 1 1
= 1 1 1 - 1 - 1 8
<..:.1. 11
10
. ASB,
5 1 1 (. 11). ' ' S1 A 1 StBt,
1
1
S1A t S! Bt
. S!A t SIB1
S 1 A =SA S 1 B=SB.KaoJe SA = SB =k, s , =s ,=k.,
1
1
.

1
2 : ~ = k . ~ = k
''
ASB
'S 1 ' ,
4).
, , ,
, .
2.
7.2.
4.
: ) k
= -2; )
MNP,
221
{., S
= 2
12.
5.
, .l .
. 1 1 .l , 1
1 , . 13. 1 N11.
AN 1 n = {N}. 1 N 11,
AN
.
.
= AN
.
1
1.
ABCD ,
k = : ) ; )
; )
2.
12

S.
13
:,
2.
k 1
k 1 k 2
k 2 ?
4.
5.
N,
MNP.
.
222
:v!F.
7.3.
lf
C.llfHOCT
r ' n
.
. ,, .w ,
1 , ,, 1 1 =
k-AB,
, ( )
k.
3,
. n
.
5.
.2
.
, , () =, 1 ,
1 1 = k % ( 1 1 ) =, 2 , %
2 2 = iA 1 1 : 2 2 = i 1 1 = i ( k-AB) = . 8
i.
n ,
.
6.
.
( ) n
.
7.
k 1 = 1 k 1-
. ~_; . . t
-;1/ 1
= k , 1 -;1/ 1
1 1
= 1k
= 1k
4)
(n ).
. 8
n
n.
n .
k)
4.
' '!1 ( .
,,
' r 'f 1. r '
- '!1

,
nn.
7.4.
7.4.

223
.
, :
1:1- 1:1 1 1 1 => = 1,
f3 = f1 , = , ~ =
1 = ;
( : : = 1 : 1 : 1 ).
, ,
.
, .
, .
8.
RST ).
(.
, ,
, .
.
, 6,
.

( ) .
9.
( ) 1 1 1
, r } .
1:1
= 1 1 1 = 1 1 .
= Yt
=
LACB =
_:;gl : gl.
cl
1':1 1 1 1 .
= ,
2 2 (. 14), 2 = ~1
2 = 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 ( ),
LAI
Bl
2, 2 2 .
, k = ~~ 1 . ,
1 1 1
, 1:1 -~ 1 1 1 .
14
224
11 II
( ).
10.
.
.
=k
11 - 11 ,
, = k 1 = kCv4J, : : =
=A JB I : : .
, : : = : 1 : 1 . ,
AB=k A JB 1, BC=k B JCJ
=kCv4 1
, 1
Pk, !1- 1 1.
. .
( ) 1 1 1
11.
12.
( ) 1 1 1
,
, ,
, .

9 - 12

(, .) .
, . 15 : 1
h: h J 1 : t 1 . ,
: : = 1 : 1 : 1 ( + + ) : ( 1 + 1 + 1 ) =: 1 ,
: 0 1 =: 1 . ,
.
: 1 = : 1 : 1
2
1
ch
= h : h 1,
1 h 1
= ch : 1 h 1 = 2 : - 2-
: 1 , -
15
16
7.1.
225
CI!IIOCT I'OYI".'IOB
13.
. : =: .
.
1 ,
1)
1 (.
16).
LAC 1C = LBCC 1 (l!! ),
1 : . ,
~ LACB. poyrdo 1 1 =
LAC 1C = LACC 1 =
=, : =: .
, , : =: .
2)
. 1 ,
1
L 1
L 1 :
= 1
: . , : = 1 : ,
1 =. 1 L 1
= L ACIC.
!,
L ACIC = L
L ACCI = L
],
. .
~1. , II
.
,
.
6.
9,
11.
. .
.
ABD
;,, : h, =
BD
: .
(.
15).
BD:
=: ,
::~
BD:
11
= : , .
7.
u,
. ( I
25 .)
.
S .
.
1 1
1 S 1
ST
AD
(.
ST:
= 1
ST:
AD,
= 1 :
: , .
ST:
17).
1 : 2.
, u '. ,
, 1
ST:
'
= 1 : 2.
'
', = ',
. .
25
TS
!{
F.uk:r (1707-1783).
::r
226
\I
8.
11
( ',;1\I I\0(..1
r { 11
tc.
. 1 1
L , ,= LCB 1 1 = {.
( 18 1 ). , ,

tc- , 1 1 n 1 1
.
<.:.r 17
C.r 18
1.
19, ) -),
epelllll\1 n
. ?
5
.
2.
!9
IIJ\Iajy
(()/1
RnxnR::I
7.5. 111'11:-.i BI E CJI III IOCI III
227
III I'OYI
. 1 1 , u
1 1 , .
4. 19,5 m.
2 m u m.
5.
10 km
1 : 500 000 ::
15 km 20 km
, u ?
6. , (
7.5.
+ h, .
n CD n
ACD CBD, ,
. ( .)
.
14.
) r '!
;
) r 1
( );
) ( LC = 90) 2
= +
2
) .
q, + q =, CD
20).
) D- CBD, LBAC = LBCD ( )
LADC = LBDC = 90. q : h, = h, : ,
.
n (.
) CBD := : ,
D : q = : .
.
) , n : 2 =
2
= cq, 2 + 2 = + cq = ( + q) = = 2, . 2 + /) 2 = .
2
228
XO.'v!OTETIIJ
, 2
II
11
+ = 2
2
n ,
. ', '
LACB'
2
= 90
+ 2 =
= =
(. 21). ~+ ~ = d\ d = ' . ,
2 , 2 = d 2, . = d. n
' ( ),
9.
LACB = LACB' = 90.
. 11
. .
22
= = .
OS =
BD.
(III -
= = ( + ), BD,
BD = h; 10 .n11.)
OS, OS
s
\
/
/
/
/
/
/
Cl.
C:l. 22
10.
16
2.~
. 11 ?
. 23 ~
= . .
+ 82 = (16 -
) 2
1.
2.
= lcm, : )
v'; )
V13'",
) '; r) 5; ) .
, , d. :
) 2 - 2 ; ) + bd, ) 2 ; r) 2 -
. , ,
hc
; ) Jah- ctl.
11,
q h .
{, , , h,, . q} : )
25, = 20;
) = , 8, hc = , 48; ) = 60, f{ = 144; ) = 5, = 1~; ) = 20, h, = 8;
) = 0,09, q
0,16.
4.
5.
13, 14
15.
24,
14.
10
1 1 1
1 1 1
90.
7.6.
6.
IIPII\.II CJII IH OCT
IIA
229
. 24 .
233 ,
. ?
:1.
7.6.
24
25
SA
25
k 1
S 1 1 ,
1 1 =
= !.f.
k 1 (S 1, r 1),
OS 1 = OS
k (S, r) :Jl0
r 1 = mr.
<.;~ 1.
].(,
(.,1
27
230
k ,
. , .
1)
k,
1 k, . 26. 1 1
, ( L =
= L 1 , ) .
: = 1 : 1, = .
2) k , 1 = 1 = , = = 1 (. 27).
3) , k (. 28).
1 1 ,
L = L ( ).
: 1 =: 1 ,
. =. ,.

1 ,
1 k .
.
k k,
k }
.
= - .
k.
CJI. 28
29
, .
15.
k,
k
.
. (.
29).
. ,
, , .
( 54 5.9).
, : : =
=: ; Z
= 2
. ,
.
231
PII:\IEIIA CIIIIOCIIIIA I'
7.6.

, . : = : (.
30),
11.
<...1 .\1
30
m1 1
.

l1111.
.
u
.
nu
1 .
31
, ,
. S.
.
: = (- ) :.
1 = ,, 2 = (+ ).
2
2 = 1 +, = 1 - , , 2
= (- ),
: = (- ) :.
11. . n
: = :n, n .
n
(
13).
, n,
PN
Yl (. 32). MPN n. , ,
D PN, DE 11 DE.
BMD, : BN = : BD.
APN BEN, AN: BN = : .

,
BD
BPD
= = . : : = : .
.
, ,
7.1).
L MPN
N (
, n
vnvr L- nnPJ.II( MN (T1R. i16 , .
33).
232
XO:v!OTETI IJ 11 II
. :
.
=
:n.
PN
k. : =

.
k
. ' (/;. k,
' : ' = :n. MP 'N ,
. .
12.
k 1
1 t.
1
. t .
k Z = , k 1
Z = f, = 1 (. 34) . .
13.
Plf = .
n .
.
, . ,
:
=
2
, ' . 1
.
(.
35),
. S' s
ST
k' (S', S'')
k ' ' ' '. s

S S 1, jeAS 1 11 "S' S 11 A'S'. r S S 1
. .
14.
k (0, r).
26
1 (
262-190 n. 11.
.), r u1
233
7.. IIPIIM EH CI IH OCTII II
'1
<.:.
C.:JI. 34
35
. (.

=L
= 360 : 10 = 36,
36).
72.
D
:r
LAOB
9,
= (r -
OD
L ABD
= 36 (. 36).
r D , =,
OD) : . , D OBD ,
= BD = = ,
: r = (r-
) :. ,
,
.
OD
(.
= .
31,
37).
36
. (.
37
36).
= = .
37 : r = (r- ) : , .: = AD : . ,

D,
OD
BAD (
= BD = . ,
OBD , LADB ,
L ADB = 2L . , ABD L DAB = L ADB,
LDAB = 2 L . L = !f>, L +
9,

= , BD
).
234
~!I
<
L =<
1!
CIII-IOCT
+ 2 < + 2 < = 180 (
).
= 36, 360: 10 = 36, =
..
1.
,
, .
2.
k n .
nn .
3.
.
.
4.
k 1 (0 1, r 1)
k 2 (02, r2).
5.
d n m 2, .
6.
k (0, r)
n n.
. ,
,
. (, , )
: , , ,
, , .
, , .
. ,
, ?
, n .
( ) .
, ,
d (,
), d (, ) (.
1)?
,
.
, :
?
, ?
.
n,
, . r
, ,
,
,
r.
: r,
. , ,

.
.
11'111 OIIOMI".I PIIJ
8.1.
III'II<H'I ;
II'OYI.I
II
tt trt
lle:~ n, er.te n (.
acnpar-1 owpttx ,
11
2).
, 11
, n n , . 11 , 11n.
, n. ,
, n

90.
f3
n11.
11 .
1.
Cz
<.:..
11 n

, n
,
11. ,

nn
. ll
8 1 n
n n
, n
LC
2
-=-=
l.l. 4
= 90. 1l11, :
=-
n,
. n .
, (.
n (.
2)
4),
1 . ,

h
: ' ' .
. n
. , .
n n
(.
2).
8.1.
237
1.
1) % sin ( :"
").
2)
~ cos (m : "
").
) - ,w tg ( :,.
").
4)
~ ctg ( :
,.
").
sina
:
sin
'
cos
-' tga =ctg~

'
'
<t ;
_l ;
;
ctg
cos
tg .:
, . ,
sin
cos , tg
ctg
, ,
.
~, : -+
->
ctg
sin ,
cus
, ~
tg
. r
.
sin
sin
cos, tg, ctg )
1. :
sin , cos , tg , ctg , sin fJ, cos fJ, tg fJ ctg {3.
= 4
=v'+ =125 =5.

1
:
4
s == S~
sinfJ
=~=~,
cos
1!3
=-:=
cosfJ
5 , tg
=%=*, tg{J
3 , ctg
=~=~,
ctgfJ
=*=~"'
2. : 1) tga
.
) s
~; 2) cosa - ~,
4.
. ) ,
. 1) 5, 2)
6.....
u.

..-~~ '\l ~1.::.~ ()n In~n "l~vn..vviP 1~ "'~wu r. nf':nee :
238
I' I I'I I
<..:.1. 1
C. l. :-
(1)
m :
< sin < 1,
< cos < 1,
< tg ,
< ctg .
: k < k < 1,
sin = k? ,

7 (s
= 1
= k).
(2)
sin
cos
(0,
tg
ctg
(0,
).
).

cos ctg.
LBAC 1 = ,
sin
tg,
< , < , (
,
).
s = ' s , = , cos =
cos , =

()
<
( .
. .
<
> ctg
, s
tg < tg ,, ctg
, ~
7).
s 1
cos > cos 1 .
1 . :
sin < sin ,, cos > cos 1 , tg < tg ,, ctg > ctg 1
. :
1) sin1
sin2; 2) tgl 0
ctg 1;
sin1
coS1.
.
1) sin1 < sin2; 2) tglo < ctg 1; ) sin 1 < cos 1. .
11 11

,
45
4. sin =
i,
cos 30 =
1.
tg =
ctg " =v'.
. (.
,
(I) =R- = ;!.

2
h= V a2-
CD
8).
1. 11'111
239
UIIO~TI'IIJ CKI YIIKIIIIJI UIIIII'U I YI . I
2
l '. l i
L'. l
ACD, r
, :
. i n : =
tg -()
n~2 = !
n12
= 7/
=
2n
2\/
i,cos
~ = ;: = ",
VJ
t)
h
2 VJ
",.
= 3 ctg. = nj = ~ = v .1.
5. ajesi n 60 =
ctg 60 = "{.
.
1.
60
i,
tg 60
= VJ
. . ( _ !1 _ VJ _
. _ rV2 _ n _ 1
- (i - 2 - COS
Sl n
- 2n - 2
/1
,..,
2
- = -tgo"_ t)o = -V:
= -2n2-VJ = V.),
3 ctg GOo = -rV2
11
n2
n
2mf\
6.

45 .
VJ
= -".
'
. 9 ABCD
u .
d
aVI. 1 :
.oso
Sln ....
= {=
=
V2.
cus 45 =~=VZ.
{/
{/
tg45== 1, ctg45=-=
{/
{/
lla
(2)
L.l.
l. A
n n
k n , sin
t~ (.
7).
= k.
()
240
Tl'lfOHOMETPJIJA
sin
( 4)
' ~ .
~1 :\1.r
tg
cus
cos
(5)
= 1,
tg
= .
.~
sin 90'
()
1, cos 90'
~ ,
ctg 90'
~ .
t ~
.
"
'
sin .
cos :
tg"
45'
(>()
''
vz
2
V'J
1
ctg
30'
V'J
l
-
90
1
2
V1
Y:\_L_j

. ( )
244.
,
.
1.
() :
'2 4) 2-z.'~' .;
-1'2 ii) - 1-
1) .:?. ' 2) ..'
7' VL,
.~
5
v2 - 1 ' ) sin47'
2!
+ '
( > , > , "' ); 8'
+ ( >
)?
7)
02
2.

- :
1) (3,4); 2) (2,1); 3) (1,1); 4) M(.f3, 1).
3.
sin( + 15)- sina

sin 2
4.
1) sin7'
sin (~) '; 2)
30'.
cos (sin 7")
241
.~- \\1 Tf'II!.OHOM!'TPIIJCK )I!II'
8.2.
.
u ,
,
. .
l.
"
<
< 90",
sin 2 + cos::
(1)
(2)
'
ga = cos
tg ctg
(.>)
= 1,
= 1.
. ,
, . 2
~\10
()'
. = s. = oos .
+ ()'
= 1, . . (1)
, ,
tg =
,{
= ;; =
sin
cos
tga ctga =

(1)
- = 1.
. ,
, m .

,
<
(1), (2) (3)

< 90 :
ctg = tgl '
(4)
(5)
!<>
sina
v'1 + tg 2
cus
(6)
_,
.
v'J+tg'
ta 1 a
sin 2
+ tg'-;
cos 2
= 1
+ i''
1 + tg 2
(4) (3). (6),

(1) cos 1 ,
sin'
cos a
1
cos-
--+=--,-.
2
l + tg2 = - ___
cus 2
2
cos
(5)
1 + tg
242
I'IIOIIOMETPIIJ D
= ..fJ, sin ,
7. tg
cos ctg .
. (5) tg = ..fJ sin = . ~ = [, () cos =

+
v1
1
v'1+3
= 21
- sin 4 a
8.
.
,
(4) , ctg
-13
=
<
< 90, cos4 -
= 1- 2sin 2 a.
. $ 4
(1),
- sin4
cos 4 - $in4 = (cos 2 + sin 2 a)(cos 2 - sin2 ) =

= cos2 a - sin 2 a = 1- sin2 a - sin2 a = 1- 2sin 2 a.

, +{
90,
{ { . ,
. {
{
90 - . , .
2.

-)
(7)
sin(90
(8)
tg (90 -
= cos ,
= ctg
<
< 90 :
cos(90
= sin ,
-)
, ctg (90 -
= tg .
. ,
{
{
= 90- (. 10). ,
= 90 - . :
l.l. 10
sin(90tg (90 -
) =% = cos ,
cos (90
= = ctg '
ctg (90 -
11
-) = = sin ,
= = tg .
9. cos 40 = /, l
sin 40, tg 40, ctg 40, sin 50, cos 50, tg 50, ctg 50.
, :
'
I'HIIIIAIII III'IIO~I
, 1()1 II'UYI
243
stn-o =
cos~40
V1 -
ctg -I0 =
~.
tg 40 =
~in 4...,t()Joo = ~
~; ~in 50 = ~in (90 - - = .. = /.
cos 50 = cus (90- - = sin .. = ~.

tg.)-() =
,' (.\1
1.
, ctg.)-
.
0 = Yl=7
1
..
01
t (!
1
1)--.,~ -
~)
2.
1
+~
sm 1'
r:
2)
'
. -
'
t<>x- n
= s111
. , cos,'
1
' s
. , 1;
= tox
1
1
l -2cos"x
(~
-+ 11' )(--tgx) = 1' 4) S I
.
= tg x- ctgx.
1.'
COS \"
X COSX
r
:
1)
3.
sin c~ = IL.-
1; 2) cosa =
12+ 1
; 3) tg a =
5;
4) ctga
= .
~ <.
~' 11 , .
30
(.
11 ). l ' . : 1) '; 2) ' :

3) '; 4) tg 75 "; 5) sin 15".
8.3.
11 , ,
. a.l> 11 , tt , [ ;
,. 11 n 11 ;mt
tt t . <~
= 90. ,
ll :
()
=c~ tn a.a=htga
'
h=ccos a
{/
'
h=nclga =-.-
'
sm '
=--.
cos
, ,
. n 1111,
h I\t . n
11 .
n .
, 11
1 r , 0,001
r .
11 11, r
v h 45 ",
244
'II\11-.I .1
. { 45',
{3.
, ,
sin 28' = 0,469, cos 2R' = 0,883, tg 28' = 0,532, ctg 2R' = 1,881;
= 81, : sin 81 = 0,988,
cos 81' = 0,156, tg 81' = 6,314, ctg 81' = 0,158.
45, , .
u . ,
sin = 0,342, u
tgx = 1,150, = 49'.
= 20 '.
u . ,
cosx = 0,680, u
= 47'. = 47'.
0,682
10.
: )
14, = 24'; 2) = 10, = 42'; ) = 5, = 10; 4) = 9, 4, = 10.

. 1) : , {. (1) = sin
14 sin 24'= 14 0,407 = 5,698; = cos = 14 cos 24' = 14 0,914 = 12,796;
fJ =
2)
90'- 24'
= 66'.
(1)
=actga = 10ctg42'= 10 1,111 = 11,11;
= =
1
=--$- = . 0 ,
scr
s 4 ....
,6 6 9
tau
i .sina
-----~----- t--()
fJ
= 90'-
= 48'.
~~.
14,9;
0,017
0,017
57,290
0,9998
8()
0,035
0,035
28,636
0,99!)4
88
0,052
0,052
19.081
0,998()
0,070
,?
14,301
0,998
0,087
0.087
11,430
0,99()
0,105
0.105
9,514
0,9t)5
0,122
0,123
8,144
0,993
83
0,139
0,141
7,115
0,990
82
0,156
0,158
6,314
0,988
81
10
174
0,176
5,671
0,95
80
11
0,191
0,194
.\,145
0,982
79
12
0,208
0,213
4,705
0,978
78
13
0,225
0,231
4,331
0,974
77
14
0,242
0,249
4,011
11,970
76
15
0,259
0,268
3,732
0,966
75
0,276
0,287
3,487
0,961
74
17
0,292
0,306
1,271
O.t.J56
73
3,078
0,951
72
71
87
1
1
18
0,309
0,325
!
1
19
0,326
0,344
2,904
0,946
20
0,342
0,364
2,747
0,940
86
1'
'
1
84
70
'
1
245
l'l'AMibl' IJPIIOYI TI'OYrr
tga
21
0,35~
0,14
2,605
0,9:14
69
22
0,375
0,404
2,475
0,927
68
23
0,391
0,424
2,356
0,921
67
24
0,407
0,445
2,246
0,914
()()
ctg
cos
25
0,423
0,466
2,145
0,906
65
26
0,438
0,488
2,050
0,89{)
64
0,454
0,510
1,963
0,891
61
0.469
0,532
1,881
0,88:\
(,2
29
0,485
0,554
1,804
O,IO.S
61
30
0,500
0577
1,732
0,866
31
0,515
1,664
0,857
59
32
0,530
0,625
1,600
0,848
58
33
0,545
0,649
1,540
0,839
57
34
0,559
0,675
1,483
(),829
_)(,
35
0,574
0,700
1,428
0,819
27
28
'
55
1
36
0,588
0,727
1,376
0,809
37
0,602
0,754
1,327
0,799
38
0,616
0,781
1,280
0,788
39
0,629
0,810
1.235
0,777
54
'
53
1
1
52
51
40
0,643
0,839
1,192
0,766
50
41
0,656
0,869
1,150
0,755
49
42
0,669
0,900
1,111
0,743
48
43
0,682
0,933
1,(172
0,731
47
44
0,695
0,966
1,036
0,719
46
45
0,707
1,000
1,000
0,707
45
sir1 {
L______
cus{J
ctgf
tg{J
5
= =
= 0,5; = 27"; (1 = 90" - = 63"; = v. "--:-; + =
=V25 + 100 = 515.
4) sina = = ~6 = 0,94; = 70"; (1 = 90"- =20; = ccosa =
= 10 cos 70" = 10.0,342 = 3,42....
1
3) tg
(1)
. ,
.
(.
(2)
12)
ll. ,
2 =/+ 2 - 2
cosy.
246
TPIIOIIOM(;J'IIJ !'
. ' , ,
' =
cos ,
'= -
cos .
(1 ),
r.t1111
h~ = 2 - ( COS )
= 2
cos ) 2.
(2). (2)
. .
C.t 13
12
, (.
L2.
12),
= ~ sin .
(3)
.
(1),
' h.
= ~ah., () . .
13.
= si .
, (.
jeR
13),
2R
(4)
= sin = SU1{J = sin
.
BD
13.
L DCB = 90, L BDC = = ( ) BD =
= 2R. BDC, ()
a=2R sina.

= 2 R sin { = 2 R sin .
(4).
. .
L4.
(5)
. (4).
4 '
= ~n-.~ . (::\)
sin v = - . .
()vn::~ (<;'
8.3
PHIIAI\ibl 1/I'/!";
sin 90
247
T!'OYI
= 1 cos 90 = (
240),
n (2), (3), (4) (5) 11
90. , n
( ) n
.
1.
nn n
:
1)
nn1 11
n;
2)
n ;
) -.
2.
n ABCD n :

= CD = DA = 2.
n 11.
2)
.
. (
< 180)
t n
= 4. 1) . 2)

Matematika Za I Razred Srednje Škole Pavle Miličić

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Matematika Za I Razred Srednje Škole Pavle Miličić

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1111 n11 11, 11

~:lf ..iHITII KO"ihiiii OI'III

111 121 131 211 221 231 311 321 331

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lll, JV, ...

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Z = {0.1.-1.2.-Z ..... n.-n ... }.

(N1), (N2), (N5), (N6), (N8) (N9).

(ZO), (Z1 ), (Z2), (Z5), (Z6), (Z8)

(Z10), (Z11), (Z12)

i r~ :r!l" fini n11 ~

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lll'bl"JJE I'AOIIAJIHX ;I'R L lfi'AIIOHAJIIIX

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