N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT

LI M U
nhim khng kh t cc ngnh sn xut cng nghip nc ta, trong nhng
nm gn y ang l vn quan tm khng ch ca nh nc m cn l ca ton
x hi bi mc nguy hi ca n n lc bo ng.
Bn cnh nguyn nhn y l mt lnh vc cn kh mi m m chng ta cha
thy ht c mi nguy him ca n i con ngi v sinh vt , mt khc cha c
h thng qun l mi trng tht s hon chnh c th kim sot , v cha c
s ch trng ng mc t pha cc nh sn xut.
V vy n mn hc k thut x l cht thi vi nhim v thit k thp hp thu
kh NH
3
bng nc l mt trong s nhng cng vic cn lm vo lc ny gip
gim thiu nhim t cc dng kh thi.
Em xin chn thnh cm n thy hng dn , cc thy c b mn v cc bn sinh
vin gip em hon thnh n ny .
Sinh vin thc hin

PHAN HU TI
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 1
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
CHNG I:
TNG QUAN V NGUN NGUYN
LIU V PHNG PHP X L
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 2
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
I.1.Khi nim:
I.1 Hp thu: l qu trnh xy ra khi mt cu t ca pha kh khuch tn vo pha
lng do s tip xc gia hai pha kh v lng.
- Kh c hp th gi l cht b hp th ; cht lng dng ht gi l dung mi
(cht ht th) , kh khng b hp th gi l kh tr.
- Mc ch: ha tan mt hay nhiu cu t ca hn hp kh to nn mt
dung dch cc cu t trong cht lng . Cc qu trnh xy ra do s tip xc pha gia kh v
lng . Qu trnh ny cn s truyn vt cht t pha kh vo pha lng . Nu qu trnh xy ra
ngc li , ngha l cn s truyn vt cht t pha lng vo pha hi , ta c qu trnh nh kh
. Nguyn lca c hai qu trnh l ging nhau .
- Trong cng nghip ha cht , thc phm qu trnh hp thu dng :
1) Thu hi cc cu t qu trong pha kh .
2) Lm sch pha kh .
3) Tch hn hp to thnh cc cu t ring bit .
4) To thnh mt dung dch sn phm.
- Hp thu bao gm qu trnh hp thu vt l v hp thu ha hc.
1. Hp thu vt l: da trn c s ha tan ca cu t pha kh trong pha lng.
2. Hp thu ha hc : gia hn hp kh v dung mi c xy ra phn ng ha hc.
I.2 Qu trnh kh vi mc ch l tch cc cu t hn hp kh th khi
la chn dung mi tt l ph thuc v cc yu t sau :
1) ha tan tt: c tnh chn lc c ngha l ch ha tan cu t cn tch v
khng ha tan khng ng k cc cu t cn li . y l iu kin quan trng nht.
2) nht ca dung mi cng b th tr lc thuy hc cng nh v v c li
cho qu trnh chuyn khi.
3) Nhit dung ring b s tn t nhit khi hon nguyn dung mi.
4) Nhit si khc xa vi nhit d si ca cht ho tan d tch cc cu
t ra khi dung mi .
5) Nhit ng rn thp trnh tc thit b v thu hi cc cu t ha tan
d dng hn.
6) t bay hi, re tin , d kim v khng c hi vi ngi v khng n mn
thit b.
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 3
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
I.2. C s l thuyt :
I.2.1. C s vt l ca qu trnh hp thu
Hp thu l qu trnh quan trng x l kh v c ng dng trong rt
nhiu qu trnh khc . Hp thu trn c s ca qu trnh truyn khi , ngha l phn chia hai
pha .Ph thuc vo s tng tc gia cht hp thu v cht b hp thu trong pha kh.
I.2.2. Cc qu trnh c bn ca qu trnh hp thu :
I.2.2.1. Phng trnh cn bng vt cht
Phng trnh cn bng vt liu c dng:
G
Y
Y

+ G
X
X

= G
X
X
C
+ G
Y
Y
C
Trong :
G
X
:lung kh tr khng i khi vn hnh ( kmol/ h)
G
Y
: lng dung mi khng i khi vn hnh(kmol/ h)
Y

, Y
C
: nng u v cui ca pha kh
(kmol/kmolkh tr)
X

, X
C
: nng cui v u ca pha lng
(kmol/kmolkh tr)
X
+
: nng pha lng cn bng vi pha hi
(kmol/ kmoldung mi)
Lng dung mi ti thiu: L
min
+

X
Y Y
G
L
c d
min
theo thc nghim ta thy: L

= (1.21.3)L
min
I.2.2.2 Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng :
Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng ta c :
G

+ L

+ Q

= G
c
I
c
+ L
c
C
c
T
c
+Q
c
Trong :
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 4
X

G
x
Y
c
X Y
Y

X
c
G
y
A Y

Y
Y
c
X

X
c X
cb
X
Y
B
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
G

, G
c
: hn hp kh u v cui (kg/h)
L

, L
c
: long dung dch u v cui (kg/h)
T

, T
c
:nhit kh ban u v cui (
o
C)
I

, I
c
: entanpi hn hp kh ban u v cui(kJ)
Q
o
: nhit mt mt (kJ/h)
Q
s
:nhiet pht sinh do hp thu kh(kJ/h)
I.3. Cc yu t nh hng n hiu qu hp thu:
I.3.1 nh hng ca nhit :
Khi cc iu kin khc khng i m nhit thp tng th h s Henri s
tng . Kt qu l nh hng ng cn bng dch chuyn v pha trc tung . Nu cc
ng lm vic AB khng i th ng lc trung bnh s gim , s a l thuyt s tng v
chiu cao ca thit b s tng . Thm ch c khi thp khng lm vic c v nhit tng
qu so vi yu cu k thut. Nhng nhit tng cng c li l lm cho nht c hai
pha kh v lng tng .
I.3.2 nh hng ca p sut :
Nu cc iu kin khc gi nguyn m ch tng p sut trong thp th h s
cn bng s tng v cn bng s dch chuyn v pha trc honh.
Khi ong lm vic AB khng i th ng lc trung bnh s tng quatrnh
chuyn khi s tt hn v s a l thuyt s gim lm chiu cao ca thp s thp hn.
Tuy nhin , vic tng p sut thng km theo s tng nhit . Mt khc ,
s tng p sut cng gy kh khn trong vic ch to v van hnh ca thp hp th .
I.3.3 Cc yu t khc:
Tnh cht ca dung mi , loi thit b v cu to thit b chnh xc ca
dng c o , ch vn hnh thp u c nh hng nhiu n hiu sut hp thu.
I.4. Tnh cht ca NH
3
:
Amoniac l cht kh khng mu, cmi kch thch (mi khai). Khi tng p
sut hay lm lnh n 33.6
o
C n ho lng v n 77.8
o
C n ho rn. Di p sut cao
NH
3
d dng ho lng nhit thng. Mt th tch nc c th ho tan 700 th tch
NH
3
Dung dch c cha 25% NH
3
c khi lng ring 0.91g/cm
3
. Dung dch
NH
3
trong nc c gi l nc amoniac hay dung dch amoniac, khi ho tan NH
3
vo
nc th to thnh amonihydroxyt.
NH
3
+ H
2
O NH
4
OH NH
4
+
+ OH

Khi un nng tan ca amoniac gim rt nhanh v n thot ra khi dung
dch.
Trong phng th nghim amoniac c iu ch bng cch cho mui tc dng
vi kim khi un nng.
NH
4
Cl + NaOH = NaCl + NH
3
+ H
2
O
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 5
Nhit
phn
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
Trong cng nghip amoniac c iu ch bng cch tng t nit v hydro:
N
2
+ 3H
2
2 NH
3
Cht xc tc phn ng hay dng l st c ln nhm oxyt v kalioxyt. Qu
trnh xy ra nhit 500 550
o
C v p sut 200 800 atm, trong mt s thit b c th
a p sut ln n 1000 atm.
Amoniac cn l sn phm ph khi cc ho than.
Lng ln amoniac iu ch trong cng nghip c dng sn sut acid
nitric v phn m. Amoniac cn c dng l tc nhn lm lnh trong my lnh, dng
trong phng th nghim v trong y hc.
I.5. Thit b hp th :
Thit b c s dng tin hnh qu trnh hp thu c gi l thit b hp
thu hoc ct hp thu c gi l thitb hp thu hoc ct hp thu , thp hp thu . thit b
hp thu c th lm vic gin on hoc lin tc v c chia thnh 4 nhm sau:
Thit b hp th b mt : c dng khi hp thu mt lng nh co tnh ha
tan tt
Thit b hp thu loi m : c s dng ph bin nht khi khi cht lng
v cht kh tinh khit v c mt phun ln
Thit b hp thu loi si bt : oc dng khi thp c nng sut cao v cn
thot ra mt lung nht ln
Thit b hp thu loi phun: thnh tia v thit b hp thu c kh
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 6
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
CHNG II:
QUI TRNH CNG NGH
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 7
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
Thit minh quy trnh cng ngh:
Kh cn c x l c ly t cc nh my sn xut phn bn , sn xut
phn Ure, s c thu li ri sau dng qut thi kh vo thp hp th (thp mm
xuyn l). Dung dch dng hp th l nc. Thp hp th lm vic nghch chiu: nc
c bm ln dn cao v mc ch l n nh lu lng, t cho vo thp t trn i
xung, hn hp kh c thi t di ln v qu trnh hp th xy ra. Hp th xy ra
trong on thp c b tr cc mm. Hn hp kh tr i ra nh thp s c cho i qua
ng khi pht tn kh ra ngoi khng gy nh hng n cng nhn. Dung dch sau
hp th y thp c cho ra bn cha. Ti y , dung dch lng ny s c x l
sao cho nng ca nc thi t c nng cho php c th thi ra mi trng .
Nu trong khu cng nghip th x l sao cho nc thi t tiu chun loi B (1mg/l) hoc
nu t trong khu sinh hot th phi x l cho n khi t tiu chun loi A (0,1mg/l).
S quy trnh cng ngh ( xem hnh trang bn):
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 8
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
CHNG III:
TNH TON CN BNG VT
CHT V NNG LNG
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 9
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
III.1 Tnh cn bng vt cht v nng lng cho thp hp th:
III.1.1 Cc thng s ban u:
Nng NH
3
u vo: 3.5g/m
3
.
Kh t tiu chun loi A: 300mg/m
3
.
Lu lng kh thi :10000 m
3
/h.
Cc thng s khc t chn .
Nhit lm vic ca thp T= 30
0
C .
Ap sut lm vic 1atm .
III.1.2 ng cn bng pha :
30
o
C .10
-6
=0.00241 mmHg
m =
P

=
760
10 . 00241 . 0
6
=3,17
Y
*
=
X m
X m
) 1 ( 1
.
+
=
X
X
). 17 . 3 1 ( 1
. 17 . 3
+
X 0 0.0002 0.000
4
0.000
6
0.000
8
0.001 0.001
2
0.0014
Y 0 0.0006
4
0.001
3
0.001
9
0.002
5
0.003
2
0.003
8
0.0045
ng cn bng:

NG CAN BANG
0
0.0005
0.001
0.0015
0.002
0.0025
0.003
0.0035
0.004
0.0045
0.005
0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014 0.0016
X
Y

SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 10
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT

III.1.2. Cn bng vt cht:
G
d
=
RT
V P.
=
303 . 082 , 0
000 , 10 . 1
= 402,479
h
Kmolhh
Do lng NH
3
=3,5 g/m
3
l rt nh:
y
d
=
165 , 1 . 17
29 . 5 , 3
.10
-3
=5,125.10
-3
(kmolNH
3
/kmolhh)
Y
d
=

y 1
y

=0.05
Kmolhh
KmolNH3
G
tr
=G
d
(1-y
d
)=402,497(1-0,005)=400,47Kmol ktr/h
Lng kh NH
3
ban u:
M
NH3
=
) 30 273 ( 082 . 0
17 . 1000 . 005 , 0 . 1
+
=3,42(g/m
3
)
Lng kh sau qu trnh hp th l: 0.3(g/m
3
) =300(mg/m
3
)
Lng kh b hp thu l: 3,42-0,3 =3,12(g/m
3
)
Hiu sut hp thu l:

42 , 3
12 , 3

= 91,2%
Suy ra :
Y
c
= (1-0,912).Y
d
= (1-0,912). 0,005= 0,00044(kmolNH
3
/kmolhh)
y
c
=Y
c
/1+Y
c
=
00044 , 0 1
00044 , 0
+
=0,000439 Kmol NH
3
/Kmol ktr
G
c
=G
tr
(Y
c
+1)=400,47.(0.00044+1)=400,65Kmolhh/h
Chn X
d
=0
x
d
=0
Ta c:
Gtr
Lmin
=
Xd Xc
Yc Yd

(phng trnh cn bng vt cht cho qu trnh

ngc dng)
X
*
suy ra bng cch thay gi tr Y
d
= 0,005 vo phng trnh cn
bng , ta c X
*
= 0,00158
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 11
L
d
X
d
G
c
Y
c
L
c
X
c
G
d
Y
d
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
L
min
=G
tr
*
Xd Xcbc
Yd Yc

=400,47*
) 0 00158 . 0 (
) 00044 . 0 005 . 0 (

=1155,8KmolH
2
O/
h
Ltr=1.2Lmin=1.2*1155,8=1386,96 Kmol H
2
O/h
V:
Gtr
Ltr
=
Xd Xc
Yc Yd

. 0013 , 0 0
47 , 400
96 , 1386
00044 . 005 . 0
/
2
3
O H kmol
NH kmol
X
G L
Y Y
X

tr tr
c
c
+

.
. 00129 . 0
1 0013 . 0
0013 . 0
1
3
tr C
C
C
C
L L L
hh Kmol
NH Kmol
X
X
x

trong tan hoa t cau lng v (

dung dch rt nh).
III.1.3. Cn bng nng lng:
G

.I

= L

.C

.T

+ Q
s
= G
c
.I
c

= L
c
.C
c
.T
c
+ Q
0
.
n gin ho vn tnh ton, ta c gi thit nh sau:
- Nhit mt ra mi trng xung quanh khng ng k( do iu kin lm vic
30
0
C) Q
0
= 0.
- Nhit ca hn hp kh ra khi thp bng nhit dung dch vo.
- Nhit dung ring ca dung dch trong sut qu trnh hp th : C

= C
c
=C.
- Trong qu trnh hp th c th pht sinh nhit do k hiu q l nhit pht
sinh ca 1 Kmol cu t b hp th.
Q
s
= q.L

.(X
c
X

).
- Vi mc gn ng ta c th coi q khng i trong sut qu trnh hp th .
- V lng cu t ho tan trong dung dch rt nh do lng dung dch u
L

v cui L
c
khng khc nhau nhiu . Trong mc cho php ta c th ly
l:
L
c
L

L
tr
= L.
Tra s tay ho l:
q
.
Kmol
Kcal
83 . 7 H
ht
C 298
0


Ta bin i phng trnh CBNL:
L.C (T
c
T

) = qL(X
c
X

)
T = T
c
T

=
( )
C
X X q
c

do dung dch long (x<0.2).
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 12
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
C = 4.186 (1-x) KJ/Kg.
x = x
tb
=
( ) ( )
000645 . 0
2
0 00129 . 0
2

+

+
c
x x
C = (1 - 0.000645) = 0.999 Kcal/Kg.
( )
. 0006 . 0
999 . 0
0 00129 . 0
17
83 . 7
0
C T


T rt b nn xem nhit dung dch ra khi thp bng dung dch vo v
cng bng dung dch kh ra khi thp (T = 30
0
C).
III.2 Tnh ton thit b chnh:
III.2.1 ng knh thp:
( )
). / ( 773 , 2 ) / ( 51 , 9983
273
303
4 . 22 5645 , 401
.) / ( 5645 , 401
2
64 , 400 479 , 402
2
785 . 0
3 3
s m h m
h Kmol
G G
G
w
G
D
c
tb
y
tb

- Tnh vn tc kh qua thp:

(
y
w
y
)
tb
= 0.065 []
ytb tb x
. h
[] h s sc cng b mt khi < 20 dyn/cm th [] = 0.8.
> 20 dyn/cm th [] = 1.

.
1 1
3 2
NH O H
hh

Tra STT2 30
0
C:
O H
2

= 71,15.10
-3
N/m =71.15 yn/cm.
3
NH

= 19.10-3 N/m = 19 yn/cm.

[ ] . 8 . 0
. cm / yn 9 , 14
19
1
15 . 71
1 1
hh
hh


+

- Chn h = 0.45m.
- Khi lng ring trung bnh:
+ Pha kh:
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 13
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
( ) [ ]
). ( 0027 . 0
2
000439 . 0 005 . 0
2
. 4 . 22
273 1
3
1
2 1 1 1
hh Kmol
NH Kmol y y
y
T
M y M y
c
tb
tb tb
ytb

+

M
1
=
. Kmol / KG 17 M
3
NH

M
2
=
. Kmol / KG 18 M
O H
2

T = 273 +30 = 303
0
K.
( ) [ ]
. / 724 . 0
303 4 . 22
273 18 0027 . 0 1 17 0027 . 0
3
m KG
ytb

+

+ Pha lng:
M:
( )
. m / KG 68 . 995
v 1 v
3
O H 2 tb
NH 1 tb
2 tb 1 tb 1 tb 1 tb xtb
2
3


+
(Tra STT1 30
o
C).
v
tb1
phn th tch trung bnh ca cu t NH
3
trong pha lng.
v
tb1
rt b
. 1 v 1 0 . v
1 tb 1 tb 1 tb

. 29 , 1
141 . 1 785 . 0
773 , 2
. / 141 . 1 724 . 0 68 . 995 35 . 0
723 . 0
8 . 0 065 . 0
. / 68 . 995
3
2
m D
s m
m KG
ytb
O H xtb

h = 0.45m D =1,29 m (1,2 41,8m) nn chp nhn. Chn gi tr
D= 1,4(m).
Vn tc dng kh trong thp l:

2
. 785 , 0 D
Gtb

= 1,8(m)

III.2.2 Chiu cao thn thp:
a lm bng thp khng r X18H10T.
Khi lng ring ca thp : = 7850 (Kg/m
3
)
Chn ng knh l : d

= 0,005 (m) =5 (mm)
B dy a : =0,8 d =0,8.0,005 =0,004 (m) =4(mm)
Chn chiu di g chy chuyn : L
c
= 0,8 (m)
Din tch mt ct ng chy chuyn (hnh vin phn):
S =
2
1
.R
2
. -
2
1
.R

(cos
R
L
c
2
).
2
c
L
Vi :
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 14
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
R=
2
D
= 1,4/2 = 0,7 (m)
: gc tm ca hnh vnh khn ,
=3,14 2* arccos(
R
L
c
2
) = 1,215 (radian)
S= 0,1799 (m
2
)
Khong cch t thn thit b n g chy trn :
L =R - R . cos(/2) =0,7 0,7.cos(1,215/2) = 0,125 (m)
Din tch lm vic ca a :
f

= 3,14.
4
2
D
- 2S = 3,14
4
4 , 1
2
- 2.0,1799 = 1,1788 (m
2
)
Tng din tch l ly bng 12 % din tch lm vic :
S
l
= 0,12.f = 0,12 . 1,1788 = 0,1415 (m
2
)
Th tch ca a : V

= (f - S
l
) . =(1,1788-0,1415). 0,004 =0,00415 (m
3
).
Khi lng a : m

= V

. = 0,00415.7850 = 32,5775 (kg)

S l trn mt mm :
n =
2
.
4
l
l
d
S
=
4
005 , 0 . 14 , 3
1415 , 0
2
= 7211 (l)
Bc l :
t
n
4
3
1788 , 1
0,019 (m)

Vy bc l : t= 0,019m= 19 (mm).


III.2.2.1 Chiu cao thp
Chiu cao ca thp a c xc nh theo phng php xy dng ng
cong ph .
H s chuyn khi :
K
y
=
y x
m

+
1
1
Trong :
m : h s phn b vt cht . Tra s tay tp 2 : m= 3,17

y
: H s cp khi pha pha kh

x :
H s cp khi pha lng .


y
= 3,03.10
4

76 , 0
y . P
x
Vi :
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 15
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT

y
: tc kh tnh cho mt ct t do ca thp , m/s.

y

= = 1,8 (m/s)
P
x :
sc cn thu lc ca cht lng trn a .
P
x
= P

- P
k

Trong :
P

= P
k
+ P
s
+ P
t
Vi :
P
k
: Tr lc a kh .
P
s
: Tr lc a do sc cng b mt .
P
t
: Tr lc ca lp cht lng trn a .
Tr lc a kh :
P
k
=
2
.
.
2
0

: H s tr lc. Tit din t do ca l bng :

5386 , 1
1415 , 0
= 9,2% din tch ca
mt ct ngang thp . Nn chn

=1,82

0
: Tc kh qua l .


0
=
2
. 3600 .
7211
. 4
d
V
tb

=
2
005 , 0 . 3600 . 14 , 3
7211
51 , 9983
4
= 19,596 ( m/s).

P
k
=
2
.
.
2
0

y
= 1,82 .
2
596 , 19 . 723 , 0
2
= 114 (N/m
2
)
Tr lc a do sc cng b mt :
P
s
=
2
08 , 0 3 , 1
4
d d +

: Sc cng b mt . Tra S Tay Tp II ,

=14,9.10
-3
(N/m)
d : ng knh l ,m
P
s
=
2
3
005 , 0 . 08 , 0 005 , 0 . 3 , 1
10 . 9 , 14 . 4
+

=9,166 (N/m
2
).
Tr lc thu tnh do lp cht lng trn a to nn :

P

=
2 3
) ( . [ 3 , 1
c
x
c
mL
G
K h K +

]g.
x

Trong :
K: T s gia khi lng ring ca bt v khi lng ring ca lng
khng bt . Khi tnh ton chp nhn K= 0,5
L
c
: Chiu di ca chy trn . L
c
= 0,8 m.
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 16
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
G
x
: lu lng lng , G
x
= 25,07 m
3
/h

c
x
L
G
=
8 , 0
07 , 25
>5 . m= 10 000
g= 9,81 m/s
2
x

= 996 kg/m
3
. Chn h
c
= 0,12(m) .
P
t

= 762 (N/m
2
)
P
x
= P

- P
k
= P
s
+ P
t
= 762 +9,166 = 771,166 (N/m
2
)
H s cp khi pha kh :

y
= 3,03.10
4

76 , 0
y . P
x

y
=3,03. 10
4
.
1,8
0,76
.771,166 = 0,757 (kmol/m
2
.s)
H s cp khi pha lng :

x
=
41 , 0 95 , 1
. 10 . 7 , 33
4

y
x
P

Vi :

y
: Vn tc lm vic ,
y
= = 1,8 (m/s)

x
=
41 , 0 95 , 1
. 10 . 7 , 33
4

y
x
P

=
41 , 0 8 , 1 . 95 , 1
166 , 771 . 10 . 7 , 33
4

=1,93 (kmol/m
2
.s)
H s chuyn khi :
K
y
=
y x
m

+
1
1
=
93 , 1
17 , 3
757 , 0
1
1
+
= 0,337(kmol/m
2
.s)
S n v chuyn khi i vi mi a :
m
yT
=
y
y
G
f K .
Vi :
K
y
: H s chuyn khi .
f : din tch lm vic ca a. f= 1,1788.
G
y
:lu lng kh , kmol/s
m
yT
=
y
y
G
f K .
=
3600
479 , 402
. 1788 , 1 . 337 , 0
= 3,55
Xc nh s C
y
:
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 17
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
C
y
= e
m
yT
= e
3,55
= 34,8.
on B
i
C
i
: c tnh theo cng thc :
B
i
C
i
=
y
i i
C
C A
.
V s bc nm gia ng cong ph v ng lm vic . S bc (s tam gic to
thnh ) l s a thc t ca thp .
Theo hnh v . S mm thc t ca thp l 7 mm . Chn s mm thc l 8 mm .
Chiu cao ton thp :
H = H

(N
t
+ 1 ) + H
y
+ H
np
+ H
chn
+
Vi :
N
t
: S a thc t ;N
t
=8
H

: Khong cch gia cc a .Da vo ng knh thp .Theo STT

II . Chn H

= 0,45 m .
H
y
, H
np
: chiu cao y , np ca thit b H
y
=H
np
=0,375m
H
chn
: Chiu cao ca chn , H
chn
=0,185 m
: Khong cch b sung y thp. =0,15
H = 0,45(8+1 )+ 0,375 + 0,375 + 0,185 + 0,15 = 5,135 (m)

III.3 Tr lc ca thp :
P = N
t
. P

Tr lc ca 1 a :
P

= P
k
+ P
s
+ P
t
=9,166 + 253 +762 = 1024,166 (N/m
2
)
Tr lc ca thp :
P = 8.1024,166 = 8193,326

(N/m
2
)

SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 18
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
CHNG IV:
TNH TON C KH
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 19
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
IV.1 Chn vt liu:
Thit b lm vic mi trng n mn,nhit lm vic t = 30
0
C ,p
lv
= 1atm = 0,1
N/mm
2
.Nn ta chn vt liu l thp khng g ch to thit b :
K hiu thp : X18H10T.
Cc thng s chnh ca thp:
Gii hn bn:

k
=550.10
6
N/m
2
Gii hn chy:

c
=220.10
6
N/m
2
Chiu dy tm thp: 4-25mm
dn tng i: 38%
H s dn nhit :16.3 W/m.
Khi lng ring: 7850 Kg/m
3
H s an ton bn:
n
k
= 2.6 ; n
c
= 1.5 ; n
bl
= 1.5
H s hiu chnh :

h
= 1
H s bn mi hn :

h
= 0.95
Chn cng ngh gia cng : hn tay bng h quang in,hn gip mi hai bn.
ng sut lm vic cho php theo gii hn bn:

* ] [
k
k
k

= 1 .
6 . 2
10 . 540
6
= 211,54.10
6
N/m
2

2 6
6
/ . 10 . 7 , 146 1 .
5 . 1
10 . 220
* ] [ m N
c
c
c

Vy ng sut cho php dng tnh ton :

[

]=[

c
] = 146,7 . 10
6
(N/m
2
).
p sut tnh ton:
P
tt
= P
lv
+

g h
Plv : p sut lm vic ca thp ; P
lv
= P
mt
+ P = 0,981.10
5
+ 8193,328
P
lv
=1,0629 .10
5
(N/m
2
)
P
tt
= 1,0629.10
5
+ 995,68.9,81 . 5,135 = 1,5645.10
5
(N/m
2
)
IV.2 Tnh chiu dy thn :
Thn tr hn chu p sut trong P
tt
= 1,74.10
5
N/m
2
,v t
0
= 30
0
C.
D
t
= 1,4 m.
Hn dc hn tay bng h quang in, hn gip ni 2 mt (
h
= 0,95).
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 20
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
H s hiu chnh : = 1.
[

] = 146,67 *10
4
N/m
2
.
Kim tra :
p
] [
x
h
=
4
6
10 . 5645 , 1
10 . 7 , 146
. 0,95 = 891 >25.
B dy ti thiu ca thn tr :
S

=
h
t
p D
]. .[ 2
.
S

=
95 , 0 . 10 . 7 , 146 . 2
10 . 5645 , 1 . 4 , 1
6
5
= 0,0008(m.)= 0,8 (mm)
B dy ca thn thit b :
S = S

+ C
Trong :
C = C
a
+ C
b
+ C
c
+ C
0
.
Ca: h s b sung n mn ha hc ca mi trng .Thi hn s dng
thit b l 10 nm. y l vt liu bn trong mi trng c n mnkhng ln hn 0,05
mm/nm. Do NH
3
ho tan vo trong nc to mi trng c n mn nh ,do ta
chn: C
a
= 0( mm).
C
b
: h s b sung do bo mn c hc,i vi thit b ha cht C
b
= 0 mm.
C
c
: H s b sung do sai lch khi ch to , lp rp . C
c
=0,2 mm
C
0
: h s b sung quy trn kch thc C
0
=3 mm.
Vy b dy thc thi ca thn thit b :
S = 0.8 + 0,2 + 3 = 4 mm.
Kim tra:

t
a
D
C S
=
1400
0 4
= 0,0029 < 0,1.
Vy cc cng thc trn tho .
[P] =
[ ]
) (
) ( 2
a t
a h
C S D
C S
+

=
) 0 4 ( 1400
) 0 4 .( 95 , 0 . 10 . 7 , 146 . 2
6
+

[P] = 7,94.10
5
N/m
2
> P
tt
= 1,5645 .10
5
N/m
2

Tho iu kin bn .
Vy chn S = 4(mm) l thch hp.
IV.3 Tnh chiu dy y , np :
D
t
=1400mm, np c l ta s dng vng tng cng nn xem nh tnh ton b
dy i vi np elip khng l
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 21
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
[ ]
4 , 514 643 . 0 .
10 . 74 , 1
95 , 0 . 10 . 7 , 146
. .
5
6
k
P

> 50 ;
Chn y np elip tiu chun loi c g lm bng thp khng g X18H10T
k = 1- d/D
t
= 1-125/1400 = 0.91
25 . 0
D
h
t
t

D
t
=1400mm
Chiu cao g h=25 mm
h
t
=350mm
Chn s b b dy ca y, np, v thn l bng nhau, ta c:
S

=S
n
=S
t
=4mm
Kim tra ng sut thnh p sut thy lc:
P
o
=1.5P=1.5*0.15645=0.234675N/mm
2
( ) [ ]
( ) C S h k
P C S h D
b h
o t t

6 . 7
2
2
12
c

Chn y c l vo71i h s : k=0,91

( ) [ ]
( )
3
6 3 2
10 . 091 , 3 4 . 35 , 0 . 95 , 0 . 91 , 0 . 6 , 7
10 . 234675 , 0 . 10 . 091 , 3 4 . 35 , 0 . 2 4 , 1

+

=0,12148.10
6

N/m
2
2 6
6
c
m / N 10 * 183
2 . 1
10 * 220
2 . 1

Vy

<
2 . 1
c

(tha)
Do , ta chn S = 4mm l tho mn iu kin.

IV.4 Chn bch:
IV.4.1. Bch ni y , np , thn thit b:
Chn bch lin ( khng c)bng thp ni thit b l bi v do D
t
1400m v c
p sut 2,5 N/mm
2
( trong sch ca HLV).
- ng knh trong thit b: D
t
= 1400mm
- ng knh ngoi ca bch: D = 1540mm
-ng knh tm bulong : D
bl
=D
b
=1490mm
-ng knh mp vt : D
l
=1460mm
- ng knh bu long : d
b
= M20
-S bu long : Z= 40 ci
-B dy bch :h=30 mm.
Khi lng bu long: 0,0 3 . 3,14 . 0,01
2
. 7850 = 0,0739 (Kg) .
Kim tra ng sut cho php
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 22
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
[ ]

2
t
b
d
4
q

Lc tc dng ln mt bulng:
q
b
=Q/Z
Q: Gi tr ln nht gia Q
1
v Q
2
Z: S bulng
Q
1
: Lc nn chiu trc sinh ra do xit bulng, lc ny khc phc c
ti trng do p sut trong thit b v p sut ph sinh ra trn m gi cho mi
ghp c kn.
Q
1
= Q
a
+Q
k
Q
a
: Lc do p sut trong thit b gy ra
Q
a
=
N P D
tt t
97 , 240713 10 * 15645 . 0 4 , 1
4 4
6 2 2


Q
k
: Lc cn thit gi kn trong m
Q
k
=
mP b D
o tb

D
tb
: ng knh trung bnh ca m; m bt kn chn:
+ ng knh ngoi m D
n
=D
2
=1432 mm
+ ng knh trong ca m D
t
= D
4
= 1412 mm
D
tb
= mm
D D
t n
1422
2
1412 1432
2

+

+
b
o
: B rng tnh ton ca m
b
o
=(0.50.8)b
Vi b: B rng thc ca m b = b
d
= 20 mm
b
o
=0.8*20=16mm
m: H s p sut ring ph thuc vo vt liu v loi m
Chn vt liu m l paronit dy 3mm
m=2 ; q
o
=10N/mm
2
q
o
:p sut ring cn thit lm bin dng m do
Q
k
=1422*3.14*16*2*0.15645=22354N
Q
1
=240713.97+22354=263067.97N
Q
2
=
o o tb
q b D
=3.14*1422*16*10=174412.8N
Q=max (Q
1
;Q
2
)=263067.97N
q
b
=
N 7 . 6576
40
97 . 263067

ng knh chn ren ca bulng:

d
t
=1.13
[ ]
b
q

: ng sut cho php ca vt liu lm bulng

Chn vt liu lm bulng l thp CT3; 30
o
C
[ ]
=90N/mm
2
k
o
:H s gim ng sut
Chn k
o
=0.8
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 23
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
[ ] [ ]
o
'
k =90*0.8=72N/mm
2
d
t
=1.13 mm 8 . 10
72
7 . 6576

2
2
/ 8 . 71
8 . 10 *
4
14 . 3
7 . 6576
mm N
<
[ ]
B dy bch lin:
[ ]

'

1
1
]
1

,
_

1
P D
d
Z 57 . 0
D
l
3 . 7 1
P
D 41 . 0 t
2
n
b
b bi
n
Trong :
D = 1540 mm
D
n
= D
l
= 1460 mm
D
b
= 1490 mm
2
D D
l
n b

: cnh tay n
[ ] 113
bi

N/mm
2
chn thp 15 CT3 (tra trong s tay sinh vin ).
[ ] [ ] 4 . 90 113 * 8 . 0 k
bi o
'
bi
N/mm
2
[ ] 72
N/mm
2
Z = 40: s bulng
d
b
= 20 mm
P = 0.15465 N/mm
2

15
2
1460 1490

l
mm

'

1
1
]
1

,
_

+ 1
15645 . 0
72
*
1460
20
40 * 57 . 0
1490
15
3 . 7 1
4 . 90
15645 . 0
1460 * 41 . 0
2
t
= 25 mm
IV.4.2. Tnh cc ng ng dn:
tnh cc ng knh ti u ca cc ng dn kh v cc ng dn lng ta c
tiu chun v vn tc thch hp ca kh v lng trong ng ng.
Vn tc kh: 10 30 m/s
Vn tc lng: 1 3 m/s
Tra bng 9.3/80 Q2 tp 1 cc qu trinh v thit b trong cng ngh ho cht v
thc phm
ng knh ng dn:

v 758 . 0
Q
d
Trong :
Q: lu lng th tch (m
3
/s)
v: vn tc dng kh, lng.
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 24
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
ng dn lng:
Q = L = 25,06 m
3
/s
Chn v = 3m/s
Vy:
3 . 3600 . 785 , 0
06 , 25
d
= 0,054 m
Ly d = 0,07 m = 70m.
Chn bch lin (kiu bch phng)
d = D
y
= 70 mm, p = 0.15645*10
-6

N/m
2
=0,15645(N/mm
2
)
Bng XIII.26 cho bng cc thng s :
D
n
D D
b
D
t
Bulng Loi 1
d
b
Z h
76 160 130 110 M12 4 14
ng dn kh:
Q = G
tb
= 2,773 m
3
/s
Chn v = 30 m/s
Suy ra
30 * 758 . 0
773 , 2
d = 0,118 m
Chn d = 125 mm (=D
y
)
P = 0.15645*10
-6
N/m
2

Kch thc chiu di on ng ni l = 130 mm
Bng XIII.26 cho bng cc thng s
D
n
D D
b
D
t
Bulng Loi 1
d
b
Z h
133 235 200 178 M16 8 14
IV.4.3. Khi lng thit b:
M
tb
= M
y
+ M
np
+ M
mm
+ M
thn
+ M
bulong
+ M
bch
+ M
lng
Trong
a. M
a
: khi lng a .
M
a
= m
a
. 8 =32,5775 .8 =260.62 (Kg)
b. M
thn
: khi lng thn thit b .
M
thn
= x D x S x H x
thep
= . 1,4 . 0,004 . 4,05 .7850
M
thn
=559,039 kg
c. M
bch
: khi lng ca bch .
Chiu cao thn l 5.135 m, chia 2 on vy c 1 bch ni thn, 2 bch ni np,
y thp.Vy n = 3 bch
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 25
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT

( )
thep t bch bch
h D D n G

* *
4
* *
2 2

d. M
bulong
: Khi lng bulong .
S bulong ni vi thn : 40.3=120 (bulong).
M
bulong
=120.m
bulong
=120. 0.0739= 8,868 (Kg) .
e. M
lng
: Khi lng lng trong thit b .

( )
L t max , long
* h * 1 N * D *
4
G

Trong :
h: khong cch mm

68 . 995
xtb L

kg/m
3

( ) 68 . 995 * 45 . 0 * 1 8 * 4 , 1 *
4
max ,

long
G
= 3446,89 kg
f. M
y
: Khi lng y .
Tra bng XIII.10 T382 trong STT2 vi chiu cao ca g l h= 0.025(m)
=25(mm) .
Ta c : F
n
= F
d
= 2.24(m
2
) .
V
n
=V
d
= 0,398 (m
3
) .

g. Khi lng y thp:
M
y
= (F
d
F
ld
) .

.S
Trong :

l khi lng ring ca thp X18H10T .

S : b dy y.
F
d
: din tch y.
F
ld
: din tch l y ni ng dn lng.
F
ld
=
4

.D
l
2
=
4
14 . 3
.(0,07)
2
=0,0038(m
2
)
Suy ra: M
d
=(2,24-0,0038).0,004.7850=70,22(Kg)
h. M
np
: khi lng np .
F
ln
=
4

.D
l
2
=
4
14 . 3
.(0,125)
2
=0,0038(m
2
)
Suy ra: M
n
=(2,24-0,0038).0,004.7850=70,22(Kg)
Khi lng thit b:
M
tb
= M
y
+ M
np
+ M
mm
+ M
thn
+ M
bulong
+ M
bch
+ M
lng

= 70,22 +69,95 +206,62 +228,274 +8,868 +3446,89 +559,039
=4643,861(Kg)
Ti trng ca thp:
G
max
= G*9.81 = 4643,861*9.81
= 45556,276 N
IV.4.4 Tnh tai treo
Chn nguyn liu lm tai treo l thp CT3
Chn s tai treo n = 4
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 26
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
Ti trng ln tai treo l:

4 *
10 * 1386 , 1
4
276 , 45556

n
G
G
N
Chn cc thng s tai treo theo bng XIII.36
Ti
trng
cho
php
trn mt
tai treo
G.10
-4
N
B mt

F.10
4
m
2
Ti trng
cho php
ln b mt
q.10
-6
N/m
2
L B B
1
H S l a d Khi
lng
mt tai
treo (kg)
2,5 173 1.45 15
0
12
0
13
0
21
5
8 60 20 30 3,48
Tm lt tai treo bng thp, chn theo bng XIII.37 s tay tp 2
Ti trng cho
php trn
mt tai treo
G.10
-4
N
Chiu dy ti thiu
ca thnh thit b
khi khng c tm
lt, mm
Chiu dy ti
thiu ca thnh
thit b khi c tm
lt S, mm
H
mm
B
mm
S
H
mm
2.5 8 4 200 140 6
IV.4.6.Tnh chn :
Chn s chn l 4, vt liu to chn l CT3
Chn cc thng s theo bng XIII.35 s tay tp 2:
IV.5. TNH TON CC THIT B PH:
IV.5.1. Tnh chiu cao bn cao v:
Phng trnh bernoulli cho dng chy t 1 1 n 2 2 :
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 27
Ti trng
cho php
trn mt
chn
G.10
-4
N
B mt

F.10
4
m
2
Ti trng cho
php ln b
mt q.10
-6
N/m
2
L B B
1
B
2
H h s l d
2,5 444 0.56 250 180 215 290 350 185 16 90 27
mm
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
Vi 1 1 l mt thong cht lng trong bn cao v:
2 2 l u ra ng dn lng.

' f
2
2 2 2
2
2
1 1 1
1
h
g 2
v
g
P
Z
g 2
v
g
P
Z +

+
H
o
= z
1
Z
2
=
' f
2
1 1
2
2 2 2 1
h
g 2
v v
g
P P
+

+

Trong :
H
o
l chiu cao mc cht lng ca bn cao v so vi ng dn lng vo thp.

0
g
P P
1 2

(coi p sut mt thong v p sut u ng vo thit b l nh

nhau v bng p sut kh quyn)
Chun s Reynolds:

v d
Re

vi: d: ng knh ng dn lng, d = 70 mm.

: khi lng ring ca nc,

=995.68 kg/m
3

: nht ca nc 30
o
C,

=0.8007.10
-3
N/sm
2
v: vn tc trong ng dn lng vo thit b chn v = v
2
= 3.0 m/s
Vy:
3
10 * 8007 . 0
3 * 68 , 995 * 07 . 0
Re

=261137,5 >10
4
T h s Re cho ta bit cht lng trng thi chy ri.
=>
1
2

Vn tc cht lng mt thong v
1
=0

m
g
v
g
v
g
v v
46 . 0
81 . 9 * 2
3
2 2 2
2 2
2
2
2 2
2
1 1
2
2 2

h
f
: tng tn tht trn ng ng dn t bn cao v vo thp
Do cht lng chuyn ng ri v Re>10
4
, Ta c
+
cb d ' f
h h h

+
,
_

+
g 2
v
g 2
v
D
L
g 2
v
D
L
h
2
i
2 2
i ' f
Trong :
L: chiu di ng
D: ng knh ng trn
v: vn tc dng chy,
2
D
Q 4
A
Q
v

: h s tn tht ct p dc ng
Re = 261137,5 >100.000 : khu vc chy ri thnh trn thu lc
( ) Re f
Dng Cnacp (Re > 1000):

( )
015 . 0
5 . 1 Re log 8 . 1
1
2

: h s tn tht cc b
H s tr lc ng ni c gc 90
o
ng knh d = 70 mm =>

1
= 1,1 (6
1

)
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 28
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
H s tr lc ca van thng Re < 3.10
5
& d = 25 mm:

2
=

= 0.82*0.79 =
0.73 ( 4
2

).
H s tr lc ca ng 3 ng (2 ng)

3
= A

= 0.6*2 = 1.2
H s t thu:
T s
14 . 0
5 . 0
07 . 0
1

F
F
o
Trong :
F
o
: tit din ng dn lng d = 0.07
F
1
: tit din bn cao v chn H = 0.5 m
=>

4
=0.47
Vy:
+ + +
4 3 2 1
* 2 * 4 * 6
=6*1,1 + 4*0.73 + 2*1.2 + 0.47
= 12,39
Suy ra:
g * D *
Q 8
D
L *
h
4 2
2
i ' f

,
_

+

Vi: = 0.015
Chn L = 15 m
Q = 6,96.10
-3
m
3
/s
Ta tnh c:

( )
m h
f
6 , 2
81 . 9 * 07 . 0 *
10 * 96 , 6 * 8
07 . 0
15 * 015 . 0
39 . 12
4 2
2
3
'

,
_

V:
6 , 2 46 . 0
2
'
2
2
+ +
f o
h
g
v
H
= 3,06 m
Chiu cao bn cao v: H = H
o
+ h
chn
+h
y
+ H
thn
H
chn
= 0,185 (m) .
H
y
=0,375 (m) .
H
thn
= 4,05 (m) .
Chiu cao bn cao v tnh t y bn n mt t l :
H =3,06 +0,185 +0,375 + 4,05 = 7,67 (m).
IV.5.2. Tnh bm
Cng sut ca bm:
N=

1000
g QH
b
Trong :
Q: lu lng bm
Q=6,96*10
-3
m
3
/s
H
b
: Ct p ca bm, m

: Khi lng ring ca nc,

=1000kg/m
3
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 29
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
g: Gia tc ri t do; g=9.81 m
3
/s

: hiu sut bm

=0.72 0.93
Chn

=0.75
Phng trnh Bernoulli cho dng chy t 1-1 n 2-2 (tnh t mt thong cht
lng trong b cha cht lng n bn cao v) :
H
b
+Z
1
+
f
2
2 2 2
2
1
2
1 1
h
g 2
v
g
P
Z
g
P
g 2
v
+

Trong :
H
b
=(Z
2
-Z
1
) +h
f
v
1
=v
2
=0
P
1
=P
2
=P
kh tri
(Z
2
-Z
1
)=H= 7,67 m
h
f
=h
d
+h
cb
h
d
=
g 2 D
LV
2

h
cb
=
g 2
V
2
i

h
f
=
g D
Q 8
D
L
g 2
V
D
L
4 2
2
i
2
i

,
_

,
_

Trong :
015 . 0
chn L=10m (on ng ng dn t b cha n bn cao v ).
D=0.07 m
H s tr lc gm:
3 ng ni c gc 90
o

1

2 van thng
2

1 ng ba ng
3

t thu
4

(chn bn cha lng c chiu cao h=0.5m)

4 3 2 1 i
2 3 + + +
=3*1,1+2*0,73+1,2+0,47= 6,43
h
f
=(
( )
m 43 , 1
81 . 9 07 , 0
10 * 96 , 6 * 8
43 , 6
07 , 0
10 * 015 , 0
2
4 2
3

,
_

M Z
2
-Z
1
: khong cch t mt thong cht lng n bn cao v . Gi s mt
nc trong bn cha l 1,5 (m) :
Z
2
Z
1
=7,67 -1,5 =6,17 (m)
H
b
=6,17+ 1,43 = 7,6 (m)
N=
kw 692 . 0
75 , 0 * 1000
81 , 9 * 1000 * 6 , 7 * 10 * 96 , 6
3

=0,928 (Hp)
d phng ta chn bm c cng sut 0.7 kw v d phng hai bm
Cng sut ng c n : N
c
=
N .
.

: h s d phng . Gi tr

=1,2 n 1,5 , chn

=1,3 .
N
c
= 1,3. 0,928 =1,21 (Hp).
Chn cng st ng c l 2(Hp) .
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 30
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
IV.5.3. .Qut ly tm:
Khi tnh qut thi vo thp hp thu th chiu cao ng dn kh phi cao hn
chiu cao mc cht lng tnh t ca ra y ti ng dn kh m bo rng kh vo
thp khng b y ra m nc cng khng vo c ng dn kh.
Cng sut trn trc ng c:

tr q
* * 1000
* g * H * Q
N

Trong :
Q: nng sut m
3
/s, Q = 10000/3600= 2,78 m
3
/s
H: p sut ton phn, H = H
p
*

+
k
*
B
760
*
293
t 273
Vi :
H
p
: tr lc tnh ton ca thp

202 , 835
81 . 9
328 , 8193
81 . 9

P
H
p
mm H
2
O
B: p sut ti ch t qut
B =P
tt
= 1.5645*10
5
N/m
2
= 1173,34 mm Hg

k

: khi lng ring ca hn hp kh iu kin lm vic,

k

=
724 . 0
itb

kg/m
3

: khi lng ring ca kh iu kin tiu chun,

=0.803 kg/m
3
H = 835,202*
4 , 504
803 . 0
723 . 0
*
34 , 1173
760
*
293
30 273

+
mm H
2
O
Hiu sut truyn ng, lp trc tip vi ng c

tr
= 1
Hiu sut qut ly theo c tuyn qut

q
= 0.75

73 , 14
1 * 75 . 0 * 1000
803 . 0 * 81 . 9 * 4 , 504 * 78 , 2
N
kw
Cng sut ng c:
N
c
= k*N
Trong :
k: h s d tr, k = 1.15
Suy ra: N
c
= 1.15*14,73= 16,94 kw = 22,72 Hp
Chn cng sut ng c l 23 Hp.

SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 31
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT


CHNG 5:
TNH TON KINH T
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 32
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
Tnh ton s b gi thnh thit b:
Khi lng thp khng r X18H10T (inox)
G
inox
= G
thn
+ G
np
+ G
mm
+ G
y
= 559,309 + 70,22 + 69,95 + 260,62
= 959,829 kg
Thc t phi mua khi lng ln hn 20% nn G
inox, mua
=959,829*1.2 =
1151,8kg
Khi lng thp CT
3

G
CT3
= G
bch
+ G
tai tr
+ G
chn
=228,274+3,48*4+4*32,42
= 371,875 kg
Khi lng thp CT
3
thc t l : 371,274. 1,2 = 446,2488 (Kg) .
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 33
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 34
Vt liu Gi n v tnh S lng Thnh tin
Thp X18H10T 50000 Kg 1151,8 57590000
Thp CT3 10000 Kg 317,874 3718740
ng dn PVC 5000 m 35 175000
My bm 700000/Hp Ci 2 2800000
Bulong 5000 Ci 144 720000
Van nha v co 20000 Ci 40 800000
Lu lng k 500000 Ci 2 1000000
Qut 600000/Hp Ci 1 13800000
Tin cng ch
to
80603740
Tng cng 161207480
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
KT LUN
Thit k c h thng x l kh thi hon chnh khi bit trc lu lng v dng kh
u vo.
Tnh ton tng i chi tit qu trnh lm vic ca h thng v kh nng chu bn ca
thit b v tnh n mn c hc v ha hc , cng nh iu kin lm vic ca thit b.
S b tnh c chi ph u t ban u cho vic x l nhim.
Tuy nhin vi xu th pht trin chung , ngn nga nhim v tin ti sn xut sch
hn mi l vn cn quan tm trong bi cnh nn khoa hc cng ngh th gii pht
trin nh v bo i hi chng ta phi u t nghin cu v ng dng cc quy trnh
cng ngh mi trong sn xut c th bt kp s tin b ca thi i , cng vi vic
tit kim c ngun nguyn liu ang c nguy c s cn kit vo mt tng lai
khng xa trong kh nng c th lm c.
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 35
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
Ti liu tham kho
[1] V Th Ngc Ti, V Vn Bang, V B Minh Qu trnh v thit b cng
ngh ho hc, tp 3 truyn khi NXB i hc Quc Gia Tp.HCM.
[2] Nhiu tc gi S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht tp 1 & 2 NXB
Khoa hc K Thut.
[3] H L Vin Thit k tnh ton cc chi tit thit b ho cht NXB Khoa hc
K Thut.
[4] Trn Hng Dng, Nguyn Vn Lc, Trn Minh Nam, V B Minh Cc qu
trnh v thit b trong cng ngh ho hc v thc phm, tp 1 quyn 2 phn ring bng kh
lng, lc ly tm, bm, qut, my. Tnh h thng ng ng NXB i hc Quc Gia
Tp.HCM.
[5] Nhiu tc gi Gio trnh C Lu Cht NXB i hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM.
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 36
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT



MC LC

trang
LI M U 1
CHNG I Tng quan v ngun nguyn liu v 2
phng php x l
I.1 Khi nim 3
I.2 C s l thuyt 4
I.3 Cc yu t nh hng n hiu sut hp thu 5
I.4 Tnh cht ca NH
3
5
I.5 Thit b hp thu 6

CHNG II Quy trnh cng ngh 7
II.1 Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh 8
II.2 S quy trnh cng ngh 8
CHNG III Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v nng lng 9
III.1 Tnh cn bng vt cht v nng lng cho 10
thp hp thu
III.2 Tnh ton thit b chnh 13
III.3 Tr lc cathp 19

CHNG IV Tnh ton c kh 20
IV.1 Chn vt liu 21
IV.2 Tnh chiu dy thn 21
IV.3 Tnh chiu dy y , np 23
IV.4 Chn bch 23
IV.4.1. Chn bch ni y, np v thn 23
IV.4.2. Tnh cc ng dn 26
IV.4.3. Khi lng thit b 27
IV.4.4. Tnh tai treo 28
IV.4.5. Tnh chn 29
IV.5 Tnh ton thit b ph 29
IV.5.1 Tnh chiu cao bn cao v 29
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 37
N MN HC GVHD: THY TRN TN VIT
IV.5.2 Tnh bm 31
IV.5.3 Tnh qut 33
CHNG V Tnh ton kinh t 35
KT LUN 38
TI LIU THAM KHO 39
SVTH: PHAN HU TAI
Trang 38