The University of the West Indies

Organization of American States

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME: COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE

A COURSE IN COASTAL DEFENSE SYSTEMS I

CHAPTER 11

STRUCTURAL DESIGN
By DAVE BASCO, PhD
Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering And Director, the Coastal Engineering Centre, Old Dominion University Norfolk, VA

Organized by Department of Civil Engineering, The University of the West Indies, in conjunction with Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA and Coastal Engineering Research Centre, US Army, Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS, USA.

St. Lucia, West Indies, July 18-21, 2001

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF

David R. Basco, Ph.D, P.E.

Director, The Coastal Engineering Center Old Dominion University,Norfolk, Virginia USA 23529 basco@cee.odu.edu

COURSE ORGANIZATION
Course 2.1: Design of Coastal Structures I
- Stability of loose-material structures (breakwaters and revetments) - Case studies: Introduction, Example Problems VI-7 Design philosophy; probabilistic design methods Role of damage in coastal structure design Cross-sectional design (breakwaters/revetments) Balanced design prinicples Case study

Course 2.2: Design of Coastal Structures II

Course 4: Design of Marine Structures

- Seawalls and bulkheads - Beaches - Example problems VI-7 Armor Layer Stability

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Steven A. Hughes. Ph.D., P.E.

Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory
US Army Engineer Research and Development Center

David R. Basco. Ph.D., P.E.

Coastal Engineering Center
Old Dominion University

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Overview of Armor Layer Stability Rubble-Mound Trunk and Head Stability Riprap and Toe Stability Cross-Section Design Example Problems
Based on:
CEM Chapter VI-5-3 (Author: Hans F. Burcharth) CEM Chapter VI-7 (Author: David R. Basco)

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Movement of armor units

Rocking Displacement from layer Sliding of layer Settlement of layer

Not armor unit breakage

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Parameter

Stability Equation

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Sea State Variables

Structure Variables

Wave height Wave length Wave steepness Wave angle Wave Asymmetry Spectrum shape Water depth Water density

Armor layer slope Freeboard Armor density Armor gradation Armor weight Armor shape Packing density Layer thickness Porosity of layers

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Classified by:

Type of armor unit Water depth Superstructure Dynamic Crest elevation

Non-overtopped Low-crested Submerged

Model Testing

Based on small-scale physical models Testing of designs is recommended Always test unusual designs

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Overview of Armor Layer Stability Rubble-Mound Trunk and Head Stability Riprap and Toe Stability Cross-Section Design Example Problems
Based on:
CEM Chapter VI-5-3 (Author: Hans F. Burcharth) CEM Chapter VI-7 (Author: David R. Basco)

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Design Guidance for These Situations

Hudsons Equation

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

where

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Overview of Armor Layer Stability Rubble-Mound Trunk and Head Stability Riprap and Toe Stability Cross-Section Design Example Problems
Based on:
CEM Chapter VI-5-3 (Author: Hans F. Burcharth) CEM Chapter VI-7 (Author: David R. Basco)

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

with

Gradation Range:

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Toe berms

Support main armor layer Prevent damage by scour

Design guidance for:

Sloping trunk and head Vertical trunk and head

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Overview of Armor Layer Stability Rubble-Mound Trunk and Head Stability Riprap and Toe Stability Cross-Section Design Example Problems
Based on:
CEM Chapter VI-5-3 (Author: Hans F. Burcharth) CEM Chapter VI-7 (Author: David R. Basco)

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

One Side Exposed to Waves

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Both Sides Exposed to Waves

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Preliminary Design Phases 1. Structure geometry 2. Evaluate construction technique 3. Evaluate design materials

Geometric Design Aspects Crest elevation and width Concrete cap Armor layer thickness Primary layer bottom elevation Toe berm Structure head Lee-side armor Underlayers Bedding/filter layer Scour protection

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Crest width: Armor layer thickness: Riprap layer thickness:

(whichever is greatest)

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

Overview of Armor Layer Stability Rubble-Mound Trunk and Head Stability Riprap and Toe Stability Cross-Section Design Example Problems
Based on:
CEM Chapter VI-5-3 (Author: Hans F. Burcharth) CEM Chapter VI-7 (Author: David R. Basco)

Revetment Structure Same as runup and overtopping exmpl The CBBT Island Case Study Nearshore Breakwater Structure Chesapeake Bay Bay Ridge,MD Cape Henry-Fort Story,VA Jetty Structure Oregon Inlet,NC

 Impermeable Revetment Non-overtopping Waves Armor Stone

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

CBBT original design

October 31,1991 Northeaster The Great Halloween Storm of 1991 The Perfect Storm (Junger,1997) The Storm of the Century (movie)

The design wave height The evolution of design waves Impermeable revetments Non-overtopping waves

 Table VI-6-4 Hudson formula Table VI-6-5 Van der Meer (plunging) Table VI-6-6 Van der Meer (surging)

 (a)Damage Curve Relations for VI-7-10 (b)Damage Curve Relations for VI-7-11

Coastal Engineering Practice Committee

CEM Preview

 Nearshore breakwaters Permeable Submerged

SUMMARY: ARMOR-LAYER STABILITY

1. Hudson (1974) SPM (1984) Limited applicability - ONLY permeable structures - ONLY non-overtopping wave conditions Factors not considered - Variable structure permeability, P - Damage level, S - Storm duration (number of waves), td - Wave period, Tp

SUMMARY: ARMOR-LAYER STABILITY

2. CEM (2000) No limitations - Includes wave overtopping and submerged condtions Methods easy for EXCEL - Includes Tp, P, S and td factors

Includes partial safety factors for design Use CEM (2000) methods to estimate armorlayer stability.