LAWS OF LOGARITHM

MATH 14 PLANE TRIGONOMETRY

Important Results
Let b > 0 and b 1.
Recall: Laws of Exponents
Laws of Logarithm
Let b > 0 and b 1, and p, q > 0.
1.

Illustrations:

( )
2 2 2 2
. log 32 log 4 8 log 4 log 8 i = = +
( )
3 3 3 3
. log 2 log 2 log log ii xy x y = + +
Laws of Logarithm
2.

Illustrations:
3 3 3 3
2
. log log 2 log log
x
ii x y
y
| |
= +
|
\ .
3 3 3 3
81
. log 27 log log 81 log 3
3
i = =
Laws of Logarithm
3.

Illustrations:

( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3 3
. log 2 log 2 log 2 log
y
ii x y x y x = = +
3
.5 .5 .5
. log 8 log 2 3log 2 i = =
Laws of Logarithm Change of Base

4.

Illustration:

4
log 7 log7 ln7
log 7 , 0, 1
log4 ln 4 log 4
m
m
m m = = = > =
Examples:
Write the logarithm in terms of its factors.
1.


2.
3
log xy
b
3
log log y x
b b
+ =
y x
b b
log 3 log + =
( )
2
2
1
log
a b
c

( )
2
2 2 2
log log 1 log a b c = +
( )
2 2 2
1
2log log 1 log
2
a b c = +
Examples: Express as a single logarithm.
1.


Examples: Express as a single logarithm.
2.
( ) ( )
3 3 3 3
2
5log 1 2log log log 3
3
x y z w + +
( ) ( )
2
3
5
2
3 3 3 3
log 1 log log log 3 x y z w = + +
( )
( )
2
3
5
3
2
1
log
3
x z
y w

=
+
More Examples
1. Find the value of
Solution:

More Examples
2. Express the following logarithms in terms of p, q
and r, given
More Examples
More Examples

Express each of the following as a single logarithm.
1.

2.
Write the logarithm in terms of its factors.
( ) ( )
log 2log 1 log 2
b b b
x x x +
| |
3 3 3 3
2
log 2log 3log 4log
3
x y z w +
( )
2 3 5
5
4
2
log
1
x y z
w