Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ρωσσική Επανάσταση
Ρωσσική Επανάσταση
Ρωσσική Επανάσταση
. , Ph.D.
,
Berkeley, California
- ,
: ,
. .
, ,
, . ,
: .
,
. ,
, .
( )
, , .
, , ,
1917.
.
( )
( ),
.
19 ,
-
.
1880, Alan Moorehead,
. Donets
,
...
1.
.
.
, .
.
, Milovan Djilas,
, , .
, Leon Trotsky
19 17
18 2.
:
, ,
3.
, ,
. ,
.
E.H. Carr, ...
.
,
4.
Alan Moorehead, The Russian Revolution, N.Y: Bantan Books, 1959, p.15
Leon Trotsky, The New Class, N.Y: Praeger Paperbacks, 1957, p.13
3
Leon Trotsky, The Russian Revolution, N.Y.: Doubleday Anchor, 1959, p.242
4
E.H. Carr, The Bolshevic Revolution 1917 1923, Vol. I, Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1966, p.21
2
,
.
, Harold Shukman.
1980, ,
5.
,
. , ,
.
Shukman.
68.
. ,
.
(
),
7.
, ,
1917,
,
. 1917,
/ ,
,
8.
,
5
Harold Shukman, Lenin and the Russian Revolution, N.Y.: G.P. Putnams Sons, 1967, pp. 2527
6
Ibid, p. 39
7
Alfred G. Meyer, Leninism, N.Y.:Frederick A. Praeger, 1962, pp 21,31
8
The Russian Revolution, op. cit., p.227
. ,
, ,
.
9.
. 1917,
23.000 . ,
, 700.000
, 10.
Victor Serge,
, ,
.
, ,
, 11.
,
1921.
, Serge:
,
, ,
... .
, .
12.
,
, /
13. ,
. ,
,
. (
,
9
..Carr,
)14.
(1918 21)
/
.
.
.
, /
( ), ,
, , (
).
1918,
.
15.
, Isaac Deutscher :
.
. 1918
16.
.
.
1917
. ,
, .
.
,
14
E.H. Carr, The Bolshevik Revolution, Vol.I, Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1950, p.184
Isaac Deutscher, The Prophet Unarmed, Vol. II, N.Y.: Vintage Books, 1959, p.7
16
Leon Trotsky, The Revolution Betrayed, N.Y.: Pathfind Press, 1972, p.22
15
.
.
. , ,
.
, .
... :
, ,
.
.
.
. :
,
17.
1917 1921 .
(
),
. .
, , .
. , ,
, ,
, ,
.
,
.
.
1921 1/3
1913 ... 1/5
... 1/10
1/14 ...
...
...
...
17
Leon Trotsky, Leon Trotsky Speaks, N.Y.: Pathfinder, Press, 1972, pp 109-112
1921 1/3
18 ...
. ,
19.
,
.
,
, ,
.
.
, ,
.
,
. .
,
. ,
,
.
, ,
, .
, , ..
,
.
, ,
,
.
.
.
,
. ,
-
. (
, ).
18
Deutscher, op. cit., p.4; See also: Christopher Hill, Lenin and the Russian Revolution, London:
Pelican Books, 1971, p.132
19
Deutscher, op. cit., p.5
,
. ...
, , ,
20.
1918, ,
,
- . 1921 :
( )
,
. ,
, ,
.
, ,
; ; .
1918. 1918. .
( - -).
,
.
( )
,
, .
,
.
,
21.
1918 :
, , .
,
20
, : ; ,
;
. , ,
, .
- ;
22;
... .
. , ,
,
.23
24.
,
,
, ,
.
...
( , , Isaak Deutscher
8.000 ),
, , 25. ,
, 1929.
,
. ,
,
.
,
....
.
, .
Gotha
, , ,
22
Victor Serge, From Lenin to Stalin, N.Y: Monad Press, 1913, pp.38 40.
Deutscher, op.cit., p.22
24
Ibid., pp.280 314.
25
Karl Marx, Critique of the Gotha Programme, N.Y: International Publishers, 1966, p.10.
23
, .
,
: , , ,
!26
( , ..)
. ,
.
.
,
.
( ).
,
. , ,
,
. ,
. : ,
, :
... , ,
, .
.
, ,
. ,
, ,
,
. ,
,
. .
...
,
27.
26
Friedrich Engels, Socialism: Utopian and Scientific, In Arthur P.Mendel, ed., op. cit., p.76.
Isaac Deutscher, The Prophet Outcast, Trotsky: 1929 1940, Vol. III, N.Y: Vintage Books
1963, p.103.
27
10
... ,
/
,
.
. 1928
.
,
.
,
28.
, ,
,
.
. ,
.
.
.
-
. , ,
/, ,
.
, . ,
,
,
.
,
,
.
, .
28
11
, . ,
/ .
.
.
1930
,
; ,
. .
, , ,
. ,
.
,
. ,
. ,
. .
, .
. ,
,
.
,
. ,
29.
,
.
,
. .
, .
,
, ,
. .
. , ,
, , 30.
,
. ,
29
30
12
. ,
, ,
(, , ).
, , ,
, ,
.
13