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Example: Terminal Stacking
Example: Terminal Stacking
To prevent corrosion from dissimilar metals, put a cadmium washer between aluminum and copper terminals.
Grounding Definition
4Grounding is the process of
electrically connecting conductive objects to either a conductive structure or some other conductive return path for the purpose of safely completing either a normal or fault circuit.
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Grounding
4Types of grounding
AC returns DC returns Others
various sources
Noise will be coupled from one source to another and can be a major problem for digital systems
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Grounding, cont.
4Design of ground path should be
constant impedance
4Ground equipment items externally
Grounding, cont.
4Heavy current grounds
Attach to individual grounding brackets attached to aircraft structure with a proper metal-to-metal bond Accommodate normal and fault currents of system without creating excessive voltage drop or damage to structure Give special attention to composite aircraft
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Bonding
4Equipment bonding
Low impedance paths to aircraft structure required for electronic equipment to provide radio frequency return circuits Facilitates reduction in EMI for most electrical equipment
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Bonding, cont.
4 Metallic surface bonding
Electrically connecting conductive exterior airframe components through mechanical joints, conductive hinges, or bond straps
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4Wire marking
4 Connectors and conduits 4 Wire insulation properties
NBAA Conference 2003
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Wire Marking
4Necessary for:
Safety of operation Safety to maintenance personnel Ease of maintenance/troubleshooting
use wire material part number and five digit/letter code identifying manufacturer
NBAA Conference 2003
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type, and color at 15-inch maximum intervals along the wire [directly on wire or indirect (sleeve/tag)]
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Connectors
4 Many types of connectors, however crimped contacts generally used
4 Selected to provide max. degree of safety and reliability given electrical and environmental requirements
Circular Connectors
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incorrect
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correct
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Rectangular Connectors
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View A Acceptable
grommet
NBAA Conference 2003
View B Unacceptable
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Conduits
4Purpose
4Standards
Absence of abrasion at end fittings Proper clamping Adequate drain holes free of obstructions Minimized damage from moving objects Proper bend radii
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.2"
Select an answer: a. 1 inch b. 5 inches c. 7 inches d. 8 inches e. 7.4 inches
NBAA Conference 2003
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Flame resistant Mechanical strength Smoke emission Fluid resistance Heat distortion
resistance
Corrosion
Cut-through Dielectric
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Mil Spec
22759/12 22759/16
22759/80-92
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Plus
Conclusion on Insulation
4Aircraft designer can choose among
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provided in AC 43.13-1b
4Should apply to new airplanes,
as well as modifications
4Not intended to take the place of
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Wire Separation
4Regulatory requirements
4Manufacturers standards
EMI concerns
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Clean-as-you-go Philosophy
4Keep wiring clean throughout
life of aircraft
Protect
wiring during routine maintenance wiring periodically (vacuum, light brushing, etc.) during heavy maintenance when hidden areas exposed
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Clean
Focus Areas
4Clamping 4Connectors
points
Worn seals Loose connectors Lack of strain relief Drip loops Tight wire bends
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4Grounding
Lugs/splices
points
Tightness Cleanliness Corrosion
4Backshells
Improper build-up Lack of strain relief
4Damaged sleeving
and conduits
NBAA Conference 2003
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4Engine/APUs/pylon/nacelle
Environmental/vibration/chemical
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High density areas High maintenance activity Prone to broken/damaged wires Chemical contamination/corrosion Feeder terminations Signs of heat distress
4 Batteries
4 Power feeders
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Questions ??
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Thank You
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