Study of Wavelet based DG for power quality improvement

J.Pardha saradhi1 Dr.R.Srinivasarao2 Dr.V.Ganesh3

1

Department of EEE, Bapatla Engineering college,bapatla ,Andhrapradesh

3

Department of EEE, JNTU kakinada ,Andhrapradesh Department of EEE, JNTU Anantapur,pulivendula ,Andhrapradesh
1

pardhasaradhi.jpalli@gmail.com 2 srinivas.jntueee@gmail.com 3 ganivg@gmail.com

AbstractThis paper proposes a comprehensive approach to the planning of distribution networks and the control of dispersed generator (DG). Firstly, a distribution system without dispersed generator is analyzed. The system parameters are also analyzed when dg is connected to load. If sudden drop out of source occurs, serious problems across the load arises .i.e. it leads to voltage dip. Since the optimal solution contains Distributed Generators (DGs) to maximize reliability, the DG must be able to operate in islanded mode. This paper describes the load characteristics with and without dg during normal load conditions. The second part of the paper reviews the charactestics of dg without load connection. A battery consumes energy during either condition i.e. with and without load. A rectifier circuit is developed for conversion purpose. Sequence analyzer is also included to get the characteristics of dg in either of the conditions. Wavelet analysis is used to analyze the dg characterstics.db4 is used to analyze the signal. The studies are performed based on well known software package MATLAB simulink. The work shows that Reliable, Effective and Efficient operation of DG source in coordination with main utility network Keywordsdistribution system, DG, MATLAB simulink, wavelet analysis, battery. I. INTRODUCTION Now a days dispersed generator (DG) plays a major role in distribution system. Developing countries like India mainly facing the severe power quality problems mainly during peak load conditions. So, at that conditions DG[1] can be switched on so that we can ensure quality of power at consumer premises. DGs are small (usually under 10 MW), modular electric generation and storage technologies that provide electric capacity and/or energy when and where needed. They are owned by a customer, utility or another entity, and connected to the grid at a distribution voltage level. TheDiscos / end-users particularly in India can install DG units within their service area. Due to the availability of such a flexible option at the distribution[2] voltage level, the distribution network is now being transformed from passive network to an active network. The use of distributed generation (DG) in distribution system is expected to increase in the near future

due to its positive impacts such as voltage support, improved reliability, small size and losses reduction. In this paper the performance of wavelet based Synchronous Generator which acts as a Dispersed Generator analyzed during different conditions. The performance of DG is evaluated ,when the load is suddenly drop out from the source ,at the particular instant of time DG ill inject power, so that the consumer will not affected by any power cut. The response of load during any condition i.e. load drop out from the source is analyzed. The wavelet response of dg also obtained. In this paper dg also feeds to battery to feed dc loads and in either of the conditions dg charges battery. Rectifier circuit is developed by using IGBT.and it is given to battery. The output characteristics of rectifier and battery also obtained .the characteristics are studied. Phase sequence analyzer[3] is used to analyze dg charactersics.The load characteristics are obtained by using wavelets. Harmonics and discontinuities generated in power system can have a wide frequency bandwidth, from highfrequency transients and edges to slowly varying harmonic components. Hence, analysis only in the frequency or time domain alone is not sufficient to capture features that are spread within a wide bandwidth. Wavelet transform provides a local representation (in both time and frequency) of a signal. Therefore it is suitable for analyzing a signal where time and frequency resolution is needed, unlike FFTwhich gives a global presentation of the signal. This paper studies the characteristics of DG and load with the help of Wavelet transform (WT). This study provides us with an efficient way to classify different load characterstics, and coordinate between different protective devices in the distribution system. II .WAVELET THEORY The Wavelet transform (WT)[7] is a mathematical tool, like the Fourier transform for signal analysis. A wavelet is an oscillatory waveform of effectively limited duration that has an average value of zero. Fourier analysis consists of breaking up a signal into sine waves of various frequencies. Similarly, wavelet analysis is the breaking up of a signal into shifted and scaled versions of the original (or mother) wavelet.

Fourier analysis does not provide good results for the nonstationary signals, i.e., where the signal parameters change over the time unlike the stationary signal, because in transforming the complete signal to the frequency domain, the time information gets lost in Fourier analysis. This deficiency in the Fourier analysis can be overcome to some extent by analysing a small section of the signal at a time - a technique called windowing the signal, first proposed by Dennis Gabor. This leads to an analysis technique called Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT). But the drawback in STFT is that the size of the time-window is same for all frequencies. Wavelet analysis overcomes this deficiency by allowing a windowing technique with variable-sized regions, i.e., wavelet analysis allows the use of long time intervals where we want more precise low-frequency information, and shorter regions where we want high-frequency information. A. Continuous Wavelet Transform The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is defined as the sum over all time of the signal multiplied by scaled and shifted versions of the wavelet function . The CWT of a signal x(t) is defined as CWT (a, b) x(t)a*,b (t)dt , where a,b (t) | a |1 / 2 ((t b) / a) . (2) (1)

decimation. The decomposition tree [11]is shown in Fig. 1.

c j+1(k) cj(k)

d j+1(k) dj(k) Fig. 1 Decomposition Tree The DWT maps the one dimensional time domain signal f(t) into two dimensional signal as:

f(t) = cj (k) (t k) + d j (k)(

k k j

2- j

t - k) ( 3 )

Where cj, dj are approximate and detail coefficient respectively; (t) and (t) are scaling and wavelet functions respectively and j is the decomposition level. III. POWER SYSTEM MODEL The single line diagram of the power system under study is shown in Fig.2. Simulink is used for detailed modelling of power system network and different conditions. A 132 KV, 100 Km circuit Transmission line is selected for simulation. The transmission line is simulated using distributed parameter model. The non linear load is taken in distribution level operated at 415 volts as shown in fig.

(t) is the mother wavelet, the asterisk in (1) denotes a complex conjugate, and a, b R, a 0, (R is a real continuous number system) are the scaling and shifting parameters respectively. | a |1/ 2 is the normalization value of a,b (t) so that if (t) has a unit length, then its scaled version a,b (t) also has a unit length.

B. Discrete Wavelet Transform Discrete Wavelet Transform is found to be useful in analysing transient phenomenon such as that associated with faults on the transmission lines. Multi-Resolution Analysis (MRA)[8] is one of the tools of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), which decomposes original, typically non-stationary signal into low frequency signals called approximations and high frequency signals called details, with different levels or scales of resolution. It uses a prototype function called mother wavelet for this. At each level, approximation signal is obtained by convolving signal with low pass filter followed by dyadic decimation, whereas detail signal is obtained by convolving signal with high pass filter followed by dyadic

Fig2.one line diagram of a test system

The load characteristics are obtained during three conditions. Case i) During source and load both are in operation. Case ii) During source is in operation Case iii) During DG in operation Wavelet based load characteristics are studied during three conditions. Sequence analyser also used to obtain its sequence. The analysis also made on source side variations with respect to starting of alternator.

IV.RESULTS Fig. 3 shows the load voltage and current variation for normal network variation. Fig. 6 shows the load voltage and operational conditions of the DG.Fig. 7shows variation of load voltage, current for only source is connected to the load.Fig.6shows High capacity battery charging to serve dc loads and phase analyzer and wavelets (db4) also considered to study the characteristics of load during all the conditions. A. Case i) During source and load both are in operation

B.Case ii) During source is in operation

Fig6.load voltage

Fig3.rectifier output voltage

Fig7.Battey charging C.Case iii) During DG in operation

Fig4.Alternator output voltage at starting

Fig5.load voltage

Fig8.source variation with respect to alternator starting

Fig9.battery output

V.CONCLUSION Now a days DG pays a major role in distribution system, DGs may be adapted mainly for the countries which are facing peak load problems. The main view of this paper is to feed the loads during the peak loads, and rest of the times DG feeds to dc loads .So that we can effectively use the DG with 100% reliability. In this paper, firstly, distribution systems without dispersed generator are discussed. The system parameters are also discussed when dg is connected to load. If sudden drop out of source occurs, serious problems across the load arises .i.e. it leads to voltage dip. Since the optimal solution contains Distributed Generators (DGs) to maximize reliability, the DG must be able to operate in islanded [1] mode. This paper describes the load characteristics with and without dg during normal load conditions. The second part of the paper reviews the charactestics of dg without load connection. A battery [10] consumes energy during either condition i.e. with and without load. A rectifier circuit is developed for conversion purpose. Sequence analyzer is used to get the characteristics of dg in either of the conditions. Wavelet analysis is used to analyze the dg characterstics.db4 [9] is used to analyze the signal. REFERENCES
[1]A. Borbely, and J. Kreider (2001). Distributed Generation: The Power Paradigm for the New Millennium,CRC-Press, USA. [2]S. Jang, and K. Ho Kim, An Islanding Detection Method for Distributed Generations Using Voltage [3 Suresh K. Gawre, N.P.Patidar and R. K. Nema, Application of wavelet Transform in power Quality: A ReviewInternational Journal of Computer Applications (0975 8887) Volume 39 No.18, February 2012 [4]M. Marei, T. Abdel-Galil, E. El-Saadany, and M. Salama, Hilbert Transform Based Control Algorithm of the DG Interface for Voltage Flicker Mitigation, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery , Vol. 20, No. 2, April2005. [5] Sachin K. Jain, Student Member, IEEE, D. Saxena, S. N. Singh, Senior Member, IEEEAdaptive Wavelet Neural Network Based Harmonic Estimation of Single-Phase Systems India2006. [6N.M. Pindoriya, S.N. Singh, and S.K. Singh, "An adaptive wavelet neural network-based energy price forecasting in electricity markets," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1423-1432, 2008. [7] G. Panda, P.K. Dash, A.K. Pradhan, S.K. Meher, Data compression of power quality events using the slantlet transform , IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 17 (2002) 662667. [8] E.Y. Hamid, Z.I. Kawasaki,Wavelet-based data compression of power system disturbances using the minimum description length criterion , IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 17 (2002) 460466. [9] O .N. Gerek, D.G. Ece, 2D analysis and compression of power quality eventdata, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 19 (2004) 791798. [10]p.s.bimbhraPowewrElectronics" [11] Abhisek Ukil, nonmember, Rastko ivanovi, Member, IEEE Abrupt Change Detection in Power System Fault Analysis using Wavelet Transform

Fig10.load voltage

Fig11.Rectifier output voltage