Strength of Rectangular Section in Bending

3
3
Floor Framing System
Load Transferred to Beam from Slab
Continuous Beams and One-way Slabs
Bending Moment Envelopes
ACI Moment and Shear Coefficients
Reinforced Concrete Design
Reinforced Concrete Design
Mongkol JIRAVACHARADET
S U R A N A R E E INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Columns
Stair
Stringer
Floor beam or Girder
Joist
Spandrel
Floor Framing System Floor Framing System
Layout of Beams and Columns
- Occupancy requirements
- Commonly used beam size
- Ceiling and services requirements
To transfer vertical loads on the floor to the beams and columns in a
most efficient and economical way
Loading on Beams Loading on Beams
Tributary area = Area for which the beam is supporting
One-way Floor System (m =S/L < 0.5)
wS kg/m
B1 Loading
Load from B1
B3 Loading
B1 = Secondary Beam
B3 = Primary Beam
If span of B3 is too large, more secondary beam may be used.
C1
B1
B2
B3
S
L
Floor load w kg/m
2
Tributary area
Tributary area = 0.5SL sq.m
Load on beam = 0.5wSL kg/m
Floor load = w kg/sq.m
Precast Concrete Slab
C1
B2
B3
S
L
Long span (AB):
Floor load = w kg/sq.m
Tributary area = SL/2 - S
2
/4 = sq.m
Load on beam kg/m

m
m S 2
4
2

2
3
3
2
m wS
Short span (BC):
Floor load = w kg/sq.m
Tributary area = S
2
/4 sq.m
Load on beam = wS/4 wS/3 kg/m
Two-way Slab
45
o
45
o
45
o
45
o
A
D C
B
S
L
Span ratio m = S/L
B
C
B
C
v.
v.
.aa
.aa
aa
aa
u.a4 +n+Jv
u.a4 +n+Jv
s+
s+
av+vuvaa
av+vuvaa

.v+. - a.......a aa+lr+v
..a.- a+.- .va!-. .- : va a..a
...v:...a..a+...a+ ..+.a...a+.+..
.-::a...v...a a ....
....a.... +aa:.+ua+.+.. ..a ....+
aa . . : . a ::
+.a .+v ........ :. ..a- s vv vu
vuvu. u.+a...va. a.-!.a
CONTINUOUS BEAMS AND SLABS CONTINUOUS BEAMS AND SLABS
Methods of Analysis: Methods of Analysis:
w
L
w
L
w
L
w
L
SHEAR: SHEAR:
MOMENT: MOMENT:
- - Exact analysis: Exact analysis: slope slope- -deflection, moment distribution deflection, moment distribution
- - Approximate analysis: Approximate analysis: ACI shears and moments coefficients ACI shears and moments coefficients
- - Computer: Computer: MicroFEAP, Grasp, SUTStructor, STAAD.Pro, SAP2000 MicroFEAP, Grasp, SUTStructor, STAAD.Pro, SAP2000
LOAD PATTERNS (Live Load) LOAD PATTERNS (Live Load)
Use influence lines for determining load patterns that will give Use influence lines for determining load patterns that will give
the maximum shear force and bending moment the maximum shear force and bending moment
Load pattern for max. positive moment at A Load pattern for max. positive moment at A
A
Influence line for moment at A Influence line for moment at A
Influence line for moment at B Influence line for moment at B
B
Load pattern for max. negative moment at B Load pattern for max. negative moment at B
LOAD PATTERN IN FRAME LOAD PATTERN IN FRAME
Frame Example: Frame Example:
Maximum +M at point B Maximum +M at point B
Draw qualitative Draw qualitative
influence lines influence lines
Resulting pattern load: Resulting pattern load:
checkerboard pattern checkerboard pattern
Arrangement of Live Loads
Arrangement of Live Loads
ACI 318 ACI 318- -05 Sec. 8.9.2: 05 Sec. 8.9.2:
It shall be permitted to assume that the arrangement of live loa It shall be permitted to assume that the arrangement of live load is limited d is limited
to combinations of: to combinations of:
Factored dead load on all spans with full factored live load o Factored dead load on all spans with full factored live load on n
two adjacent spans. two adjacent spans.
Factored dead load on all spans with full factored live load on
alternate spans.
Moment Envelopes
Moment Envelopes
The moment envelope curve The moment envelope curve
defines the extreme boundary defines the extreme boundary
values of bending moment values of bending moment
along the beam due to critical along the beam due to critical
placements of design live placements of design live
loading. loading.
Moment Envelopes
Moment Envelopes
DL DL
LL LL
Given following beam with a dead load of 1
Given following beam with a dead load of 1
t/m
t/m
and
and
live load 2
live load 2
t/m
t/m
obtain the shear and bending moment
obtain the shear and bending moment
envelopes
envelopes
Moment Envelopes Example
Moment Envelopes Example
6 m 6 m
C C
B B
6 m 6 m
A A
Moment Envelopes Example
Moment Envelopes Example
Shear Diagram Shear Diagram
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
ft
k
i
p
s
Moment Diagram Moment Diagram
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
ft
k
-
f
t
CASE 1 : DL(full) + LL(full) CASE 1 : DL(full) + LL(full)
6 m 6 m
C C
B B
6 m 6 m
A A
DL DL
LL LL
Moment Envelopes Example
Moment Envelopes Example
CASE 2 : DL(full) + LL(half) CASE 2 : DL(full) + LL(half)
6 m 6 m
C C
B B
6 m 6 m
A A
DL DL
LL LL
Shear Diagram Shear Diagram
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
ft
k
i
p
s
Moment Diagram Moment Diagram
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
ft
k
-
f
t
The shear envelope
The shear envelope
Shear Envelope
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
0 10 20 30 40
ft
k
i
p
s
Minimum Shear
Maximum Shear
Moment Envelopes Example
Moment Envelopes Example
Moment Envelopes Example
Moment Envelopes Example
The moment envelope
The moment envelope
Moment Envelope
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
ft
k
-
f
t
Minimum Moment Maximum Moment
.:
.:
v...a
v...a
+....a+.a.....a!+.u..aa....
+....a+.a.....a!+.u..aa....
+vv
+vv
.
.

:rrv...
:rrv...
.
.
rrv'u
rrv'u
:
:
:r.rv|eu::e
:r.rv|eu::e
|err.ev:r:.v':.v
|err.ev:r:.v':.v
.c
.c

uv-v..e:.e:a..:rr
uv-v..e:.e:a..:rr

v-v.':.v
v-v.':.v
.
.
.rrav-vurrr
.rrav-vurrr

arar:eve:.uvur:-v.err
arar:eve:.uvur:-v.err
ACI Approximated Coefficients for Moments and Shears ACI Approximated Coefficients for Moments and Shears
o+.++n +c.+ r|:.:v..e:...av|ere:u:ertra c.
(o, r.rvou.o
+) rvrue
ue':.a.va':eu. eau w
u
l
n
2
/11
ue':.a.va-ea.uv.va.evu.eau w
u
l
n
2
/14
.) rvrv w
u
l
n
2
/16
(r, r.rvoau
+) |:.:v.eurrauvara.eau.v..
.:a: . r w
u
l
n
2
/9
.:a:: . r w
u
l
n
2
/10
.) |:.:v.eurraura.eau.vav w
u
l
n
2
/11
(r, r.rvoau (oa,
.) |:.:v.eurraura.eaur.-e-u
n vr:r':.v ..cc :. w
u
l
n
2
/12
rvr:a.eve.n.vera.e.arv a w
u
l
n
2
/12
+) |:.:v.eurrauvra.eau.:r-ea.uv.va.eu.eau
.:a.eau.uvrvrau w
u
l
n
2
/24
.:a.eau.uv.e w
u
l
n
2
/16
(o, a.+.aav
+) ...avrrauvara.eau.v. 1.15 w
u
l
n
/2
.) ...avrraura.eau.av w
u
l
n
/2
(a, o+voa.va+r+oo.+aa+u.+
.eau.uvrvrau.
1/24 1/14
ue':.a.va':e.
0 1/11
.eau.uv.e.
1/16 1/14 1/10 1/11 1/16 1/11 1/11
rvrau(s,a--.)
.eau.uvrvrau
.eau.uv.e
o+vav.uvo va+
.eau
.eau .eau
.e.uv.eau
o+vnao
(b, o+voa.va+aa+u.+
.eau.uvrvrau.
1/24 1/14
ue':.a.va':e.
0 1/11
.eau.uv.e.
1/16 1/14 1/9 1/9 1/14 1/16
(c, uvu.+a+.Ir.ov c .ro.
1/12 1/14 1/12 1/12 1/16 1/12 1/12
(d, o+vz+oa..raou.va.a+r+oo.+ e .n+ra+oa..raou.vao+v
1/12 1/14 1/12 1/12 1/16 1/12 1/12
Ex3.1: A two span beam is supported by spandrel beams at the outer edges and by
a column in the center. Dead load (including beam weight) is 1.5 t/m and live load is
3 t/m on both beams. Calculate all critical service-load shear forces and bending
moments for the beams. The torsional resistance of the spandrel beam is not
sufficient to cause restraint of beam ABC at the masonry walls.
Masonry
Wall
Masonry
Wall
A B C
C
L
D
C
L
E
6 m 6.5 m
Check conditions (a) Loads are uniformly distributed,
(b) LL/DL = 3/1.5 = 2 < 3,
(c) (L
2
L
1
)/L
1
= (6.5 6)/6 = 0.083 < 0.2
B B
Bending Moments M
AB
= -4.5(6)
2
/24 = -6.75 t-m, M
BA
= -4.5(6.25)
2
/9 = -19.5 t-m,
M
CB
= -4.5(6.5)
2
/24 = -7.92 t-m, M
BC
= -4.5(6.25)
2
/9 = -19.5 t-m,
M
D
= 4.5(6)
2
/11 = 14.7 t-m, M
E
= 4.5(6.5)
2
/11 = 17.3 t-m
Masonry
Wall
Masonry
Wall
A B C
C
L
D
C
L
E
6 m 6.5 m
B B
Shear Forces
V
A
= 4.5(6)/2 = 13.5 tons, V
B
= 1.15(4.5)(6)/2 = 15.5 tons,
V
C
= 4.5(6.5)/2 = 14.6 tons, V
B
= 1.15(4.5)(6.5)/2 = 16.8 t-m
Reactions
R
A
= V
A
= 13.5 tons,
R
B
= V
B
+ V
B
= 15.5 + 16.8 = 32.3 tons,
R
C
= V
C
= 14.6 tons
Gravity & Lateral loads on Portal Frame
Gravity & Lateral loads on Portal Frame
W
L R
L R
Portal frame subjected to gravity loads:
L
R
L
R
Portal frame subjected to lateral loads:
Rigid frame deflections
Rigid frame deflections
forces and deformations caused by external shear
Bending Moment in Column & Beam Bending Moment in Column & Beam