Pbr{OB0A0TB0

3A T{,YPCOBO IIPOEIffIiIPAHE MO TEOPI{fl HA I\,IEXAHYISMIATE

,IiI MNIIYIHI{TA
,fu-'ff r 7
l* i
'

Bropo npepa6oreno
{.

HsAaHIre

:'

'l

f.. "{

'

'r.rr

'"16'3' aP'
CI

8, 0 9,

?0nr

il3,

fl{ ?li{lT

f{ry.:.r'''*

,;, w,09
11

fI-

cK,oe

$ -$fi* 101$ 1 fr -1?- Z$10

AbPXilBHO

I43

cooHt,

AATEJICTBO .TEXHI4KA'

1988

,t y/ A t yaf;s{.6ta I L '.or (07s.8)

t\s \r\
N'bPBA I,'IABA
CTPYKTYPA H KJIACI,I@I,IKAUI4fi I"IA MEX.AHI43M}ITE

Ar.rcqunrfiHara reopns Ha Mexan[3Mure paapa6oruauero na KypcoBn pa6ota Eo .qacqnnrruHara ca neo6xornuE {bopMir ss oBna.qsDane?o ra. yve6nua Marepnan r 3a ga?Bbp,[qoaxero ua reopernqnure 3traHur"

PrxosoAcrsoro

nptrHa3gaqetto

3a

o"r BT$3, xouro HsyqaraT r{ Marr]Exnre. Peuraraxero !{! salaq}t $

ery,qenrute

1.1. KI{HEMATI4qHH ABOI4UH

Tosa seaara ptrcoBoAcrBoro .(a ce non3yBa yclope,qno

Bxirrcqeg e MarepHaJI or ocHotsEure pa3,qenu sa rypca ctrJracuo c yTBl,paerare yve6ne nporpaMa. Brs scqra rxaoa ca Aa.[eHIn t<pqxr{ Mtolnqnll yraeauun, xaparrepnu perueHl,r 3aAaqu H Hepemeus aaAaqr{ c orloBoplr. Vrasanflnra 3a r{BnbrHetrtte Ha Kypco8r{Te 3alaqfi ca AaAeHH B AeceTa r! .ellrrraAeceTa rraaa. mecra rnagl; Maiepuamr e paspa6oreu, BaKro crerBa: Aoq. fi, r. H. snti(. fi. Llesor - ,U,. sropa u nera rnaBa; r{. T. r- nux(. flatrot ,(oq. x. T. s. HHx. ,II.. Kapaguunrpos qererpra n AeBera lraea E nnx. 14. 3laflapBa n ocMa rnaBa; x, T. H. t{Bx. l.-6epon - ABe xjraBr4 ca crc?aBerru ga oct{oBala ra TnHOB TpeTa 11 Ce.qMa rrae& llocreAHure - oT cloTBerHItTe npeaHAylld fJraBr{, H&t(To H o? nox3yBaHnre B MoMenT& MarepHata gaAaHug 3a KypcoBr{ paSora B r(are"qpara. ,[eceta ilratsa e Kox,tnJrexrynaHa or IL UgHoB, a etrBnafiece?a rJraBa ot I- Fepoa.

yve6nnra no TMM.

Ctrxynsocrra or MaIraHHu qacrl.i, cBap3allll HenoABlItxHo noMexgy cH,B npoqeca Ha padora ua MamgHara, ce Haprrqa 3BeIro. 3eenara 6ltsar no,4snxnu ,{ Heno4BuxrHH, Henoaaflx!ioro 3BeHo (crollxara) e $yH,(aMeHrtr (roptrycu) ua
MAITHHATA.

BaT rraHeMaTHLrlta ABOIlqa.

3seuara Ha ABolluara ce Aotltlpar
HenpeKbcKaTo
'

Ase geeHa, cB6p3aHu noaBltxHo qpe3 oflpeAeneHa reoMerpltqHa Bpt,3xa, o6pasy-

TOrlKi4, JlLlHllIl IlJltl

rroB'bpxHIlHU.

Te

Orparu.leunrr'a B orHocLITerEI'l-

ABI])I(eHng
re.rra

ABOUUaTa

AOtrHp Ha caMHTe 3BeHa, qPe3 Aonan-

Mex,4y 3BeHaTa Ha ce panll3tpaT qpe3 npqK

(rlpxaanul ,rarep), upes

nurenss

eJtacrvqufi eleueurn

paIIRqeHIlfTa' KOIIT0 Te BT,BeXAaT B orHocIrTenHoTO ABI',TXeHUe Ha 3BeHara-

Huxeuar*lquute .qBotalln ce rPYnupar B KnacoBe cnopea 6Poa xa or-

($ur.

1.1)'

Qr.rr. 1.1 6por1

a

,,** y'6

(3

ce ocauecrBfiBa HHeMarplqHara ABOI4Ua e l{OflmypHa, Koraro Mex{ay 3BeBaTa 3Bellara KoHTaKTyxoHTaxr B JIHHHg Hnlt roqKa; ABOHIIaTa e e'LetreqmqHa' KOraTo

,4EgE3ELe*Fa."?Blara.

BaT nO noBapxHflHa.

Kracrr illu poltr

HerIoaBH)(' HaqtH cnpflMo-reoMerpurrHr'Ire eleuetrru Ha aonHpauure ce noBDpXEUHlt' or rnr; efif,ara Ha 'ti cnpnMo '* ie 6poai Ha Bb3Mox'r4re rre3aBnc'Ml{ enexe'rBp'r ABHxeHufl si ;il.;;o noAB'1)t(HOTO 3BeHO CnpfMo HenoABI',IXHOTO;

l) n gnouuari ce BtBexAa

Ha KfiHeuarl'rqHara ,[Bollua ce oupeAent B cnelxutl Koop.(dHarHa clcreMa' opuenTupaga no no'nxoaflIll

peA:

l.l
@ nettp
.[o6pa KyneB Ktpa4uvurpoa Ao6p, UBerKoE flarboE feoprH Eepoa Kruvee 14eas flerroa 3aaruuor, 1981
HsaHos Ileuos

3) onpeaelr ce xnactT finil po.4ir sa ABouuara' no(a3auo B 3aaaqft Oop",uan""aro ga KJracoBere Ha KnHeMatHqHIrre rBoltug e

1.2.

1.2. CbCTABqHE HA KITHEMATNqHI'I CXEMII

qpes KHHeMarutIHII A!9111: ce Hapn* Crsrynnocrra m HflronKo 3BeHa' cB'bp3aHn qa kHHeMaruqHa Beplrra. Mexagugulr npe,4cran'tlnaa taxana KuHeMarHgHa Bepnfa' Hnu uoBeqe 3BeHa B xosrci e npe4nasnauena le npeo6pasyea, 'unuxernero Ha erHo fr-apy.n snela ltra H3nannll?enHr'Ire snexa)'
neo6xoAtIr,to ABI'I)I(eHIe

c/o Jusautor, Sofia

a78

B KOeTo qpe3 KnEeuatnqtrata cxeMa e'dnueoruqHo nso6paxenne fia MXaBrBMa, Koltro ca Bengqnntt' u GJteMeHT[ oBe3fl caMo IlotrxoAtulfi osgaqetlug ce BlBe]KAar

(
o6eKT Ha H3cneaBaHero. B reoprn Ha MexaHu3MI'Ire u MaIUHHHTe raKgBa ca: a) 3Benata fi ABoHlrllre MelKAy r1x; 61 pa3MepHre' or Kolro 3aBl{cflr reoMerpHnra n KHHeMaT[lKaTa na MexarrE3Ma; e) UnepUUOnHo-reOMeTpI'ltlEsTe napaMeTpH Ha MexaIrH3Ma: r) apyrn aenHqIlHH, cueqs$nqslt 3a AaaeHl'rfl MexarIH3'bM' Knge*rarltqgure cxeMn ce cacraBqr B cneAul'lfl pea: H3n'r,IHIlit ;;ilr;, ce AeficrBr.rero Ha MexaHr.r3Ma I{ ce orpe.qe,rnr Haqar8sre u TnEg1g 39911X' MexAy paarpairuuaBar ce 3Benar& Ha MexanagMa I't co l4sgcHflBar Bp!3KHTe

i.1.!

c:bc 3BeHara I n 2 s ueHrpoBete Ha KpHlIlHa O1 u 02 Hr xpuBHTG B oKoJtHOcTta ua ,qonnpuara nM roqxa (Qnr. 1.2 6). I-Iopanu roia, qe pa!,uycrre rra Kpxannr cr pasrHrrHE B paSnHatHHTO aonupltH TOqKI{ f,a KplrBllTe, 3aUeUtIIIUCt reIalHSaX Q paSt[qeH 3a otAe,nHlrre noloxel|lls aa tSxoaEl{fl MexaSBEaM c KoHTypHa l1Doll[|.

2)

tnx;

ce (5ee pasrrlepn) 3) crcranx ce npnHrrsnHa KEHeNIarl'IqHa cxerua pa3Mepl',lre, Kol'lro SaBHCA '[Bl'l--or '-19-^":1 ce H ilrIBa Kr.iseerarlrKara Ha MexaHH3Ma; H3tCrrfBaT 2{(eHH.ToHaMeXaHu3Ma;Te3Hpa3MepHcefi3MepBaTI4HaIIac'lTHanpfiHuanHaTacxeMa; '-----g ce Maula6na xsgerraargqHa cieMa, B KOflTO Ce o3HaqaBaT paSMepnTe' "u""praBa Ha KnHeMaTuqHn cxeMn e [oKa3aHo e eaiiaqa 1'15'
H3ttc-

CrctasnHero

r.8. CTENEHN HA CBOEOAA HA MEXAHI'I3MHTE

cmeneHu Ha clooo1a' n""to lnoro*aHnero; na MexaHu3Ma, ce iapxqar napaucrpt-(np-euecrranln CreneEure Ha cBoooAa, Ae0Ilurl'panu c reoMerpgqsl4

Koltroi[peaentr rBnxe Hegasscrllvlure KMeMarHqHs (rcouerpuuuu) uapaverpr'

.deA
<Dsr. 1.2

rutn

lro

rran),

crgraerHl{Te xt{HeMarrrqHu uafaruerpn, onpeAenqr eAno3naqHo ABl'rx{enuero qf,ero rlo'loxegue gnega t MexaH&3Ma aopt"o'crofi;(lra, 3eegara Ha Mexanli3Ma' B o '[ e ul u ce Bapnrrar Ha cso6oga' oricrenesnre nprxo 7oi"-l"n*""ue) ce onpe,uels rpalrcrlaunl{ poraqrt npocro ,qBnx{e'He Oo"nito."uo ie xuat tffi;fiil"iln-i. Ha Haqat' ll;fl, lt cneaoBarenHo opogr Ha crenengTe Ha cso6oaa orloBlpfl Ha 6pon

CnpflonpeaeJtrt eaHoeHaq:Ho nb,loxesgero Ita BcHqKI,t 3EeIIa B MeXaHB3Ma orroBaprIIIH Ha cBo6oaa' Ha a crensHilre (crotlxara), a"aio BenoABl{*(soro rta BcHqKIl

f,nre

(l:l)

3acHa lra MexaHrSMa. Crenesnte Ha cBo60Aa ce oflPeAenqr: a. AHaaarnqHo - IIpI.r [pocrpaHcTBeHl{

Koraro elsara or xprfBrire e rlpaBa (Qrr. 1,2 d), ce BtBexla 3BeHoro 3, cnapaano crorBerrlo c slprflula a [n]3raua aBoErIa NbM 3BeHara I s 2. Axo etrgo or 3BeHara ($nr. 1.2 e7 nva poroBa roqxa (ocrpve), B HCt ce [OcraBr eAHara or Bbprsulrre ABOXtUr,r Ha AOnlJrlHTerEoTo 3BeHo..Ha sur. 1,2 d e noxa3aHa 3aMflHa/ra Ha KoHrypnara [Bouqa, o6pasyrana or flpaBara / u poronara roqKa rla gseHoro g. Kngevanrqso npeo6paayaaue ua paBHHHeH Mexanu3aM e flor(alaHo n sanaqa !.27

MexaHI'I3MIt

qpes saBHc[Mocrra
P 1,

I.5. CTPYKTYPEH CTPOEX I4 CTPYKTYPHA KJIACHOHKAUHfl

H.A PABTI}IIIIIIITE MEXATIHSMU Bcexs uexaHn3aM ce c'bcrol or Bo,qeUB (nava;rnn) sseua, 6pont rra Kolrro c paEeH Ha 6pon ua cTeneEItT lia cBo6o.{a Ha MxaHrr3Ma ! KaHeMaTr.rrrHg Bepgtl,I o H yneBa CTeneH Ha cBoOoIa, r.e. acypoBH rpyils.

H
paBEt{HHH

a npH

(t.2)

cborBeTHO qpes

-6n-Fpt-

Apa- 34-2P 2-

h-3n-2Ps-Pt'

K6Aero

na KrifleMarnq*rr" ,quorq" ctorBerno

n e 6Poflr ra

uoABEx(nute sseHa-Ea--Me.I9HIl-3-Ma'
Ha MexaHH3Ma

or I, II. lll, IV u V xaac'

e.4HO

_ 6ponr Ps. Pv Pz' Py Pa'gasncrrluocrx

TesR

;; ;;;;;-

(nosrapnuu ce orpauuqenu"H3,llI{uIHll A

""no"'ir.oO.socrg creneHH -----0. Ha CsO60Ar).

B eaauuu'tltb u

rpr6avxo_ipea

t.tr

rrolro)r{exne Ha MexaHL3Ma. roKalaHo onpeAenqHero Ha crereHHre Ba cBo6o.u,a. nocrpoflBaHe Ha

r.

KI4HEMATI{qHO NPEOdPA3YBAHE HA MEXAHH3MI4TE

l'aBRO KuHeltatH,tuOro npeO6paSyeaHe Ba paBHHHHfiTe MeXaHH3Mt{ ce fl3pa3ffBa AB.HIII'I or V c ycnoB'a 3aMn'a Ha ao"r'ypi."ta [BoHIrH or lV x.nac c eneMeHrapHI'I paBHI'IH' x.rlic larprrus n,ru natgra-uin). -C taru 3aMflHa ce o6'rerqasa aHaJru3ar Ea 6potr fla crenenl{re Ha cso6oaa ;;;il;i;ilr;rrr. llpn e"*rrHuti (npeo6pasynaHero) MexaHu3r,M n xapaireprt Ha lBg,ne'nerq Ha 3Be'ara uy tpn6aa Aa Ha notyqeH'q -etrHax8n crc cTeHBTe Ha CsodoAa It xapaxTepa Ha ABLD(eHHeTO Ha 3BeHaTa 6r.uar Ha u3xoAnHt Mexaxu3aM. Bcsra roxrvDEa [BOnIIa ce 3aMeHs c e,[Ho HoBo 3Beuo H IBe eJIeMeHTapHL ABOHqI{' xoxTo ce o6pasybar uexay EoBoro 3BeHo H .(Bere sBeHa Ha xoHrypuara fBouua' qep' Aro rnseueiu,{xata l"ortli e o6pasyeaxa or Konrypfire 1 u2(Qur' 1'2a- Ha

^/\

Tex{apaBHHIIHHKptfBH,aupocrpaxctBoTo_uunufl'qpHqHunoBlPxHHHu)'uplt3aMflHaTa Ce B6BeX(Ia

qOntlHgfelgOTg

3BeHO

3 ua xOerO

Ce nOCTaBfT B1'pTqrqU ABOHIIE @nn. 1.3

=rl

u rpl4 eneMeHTaoHH rpyur or II r<lac ce ctcroflT or ABe 3teaa ueruPu 3BeHa Ir urecr-'lleol{qfi t,r flpl'IrexaBar xlac III or rpyns acypoBlrre Ioouqs; acypoBu rpynu br I] *lT'-" na- $ur' 1'4r. H. Ha $ur. 1.3 ." non"iu"o Ecntrr<r nonvrlar' aKo HnKos or ul-x'rll or y^:f: o'cce ;;;;;;'lii;;;;. npt';;;tt;" na63rau{'o' 3aMe*flr ce rpyfla nocoqisara na ABoIr[u -' Aayp*nra "ipt"urtta rpyIIH B Nlexa'n3Ma ce onpeAenrr' KaKro cteaBa:
AcypoBI4Te
I

/o cteneNuTe Ha cso6oAa sa 2 cnpnr,ro .l ca cru-1o_ qerupr{ rruJrrlH- poraqr{fi &6ptr Moire Aa r.raabprrrBa rpaHcnaqr{fi no ocnTe Ox n Oy u
oKoJIo Oz w Oy {e cnyrlafi KoopAur{arHara cucreua cnpsMo ereHoro;1).

e nenoAsnxua

) raueprqea

.. *,*ti'li"i;$i.:J#1#1"ffii:";t
cTofiKara; 'o,

fi:;Xfi
i

:,;:'uff;"i:

nure Inonuu (aro nua rarnea)

"'-bi

qalnoio) Ha MexaHlISMa ce
Bj3MoxHo Hafi-Hgcxng

nai'orAaaeqenoro seeno (cnpauo ua'o?Aenfl cl{creMa

or

3Be-

rpyna ra u npisru, xonro o6pasyBa acypoBa ^9r TaKa qe oc-

ii*an"t"
ce -I
Ad

3Belra B Mexalra3Ma Aa He Morar' [a

olAeJIflHe Ha nBpBara

Knac-ll,

ABI.i)I(aT;

"tyq9:Ll!{nl Ha BTOpa n e ctolnt pel ce o[I{TBa oTAe'IflIrero creABaIqH (enenrya,rno rt or rlo-Bucol( Knao' AoKaQar'

4) cael

,{!
Oar.

r'4
or

ro g Mexaf,I.{aMa

*-'ilHffi5'1T;'f#fJ#",{"t*f::'"13t:i.'"

ocTaHaT HaqaJIHI4Te

3BeEat

KOI',TTO

l5

Qur.

1.6

ure 6,rAe or rrr

KJrac.bT

Ea MexaHnlrila ctBEa,4a c'HafI.BB@KEr raai-

rum'

cc B Hefo na claapxauETe {ffi "-" ""^"il;?{"J'""**:T:dffff":?iilli.l.lii

rlil

(aoleuto) sBeuo MexAnueII Knac' Kolaro nps eAHo Haqa'so o6pasy-f o'i e spit 3Beco Haqarl'o e or eluH rnac, a rPlr Apyro i::- {t:iy3tu' cMece'' a uexaxusrla' o6pa' BaK or acypoBlr rpyn' or pa3nl'rqHs l(nacoBe' "t "upi'ii 3y8aH or eAnarsfi acypoBll nPyIIIl' c]craBeE'

rpynH.

MexlsssMtr e

n ealaca t'30'' Ilpnrueg u" a"py*ryp"u'*'o""it6"*utrnr e nocoqefl

HarHara cucreMa c Irelrrlp B cra' iii*frir. llociasq ce KoopAl ga 3BeHO. Tr'fi xaro ApyroTo glKpeneHa eAHOro BaTa, I|enoABtrlr{Ho
3BeHo He

sAlI,AqlfiKbM nbPBA TJIABA 1.1. Aa ce onpeAe,ln Krlac'br

Ha c{tepuunara crana (Onr' 1'5)'

<Dsr. 1.7

Our.

1.8

ilocT'I'nare"IHo t1o fpuTe ocu' Ho rflx, ABolltlara npilMO)Ke Aa H3BCprlBa ntprinnno ABlt)r{eHHe oKoJro n crnotBerHo Tff ceo6o4a) Ha creneuu (rpll TexaBa rpln orpanl4treHua

Mo)I(e A,

ci upa*tctaa

e - or III xnac (rPeru Pol). 1.2. !,a ce'onpaain" KJractT Ha K?rHeMaTaqHaTa

ABOI{qa' noKa3aHa

Ha @rar. 1.6. Pewenue. BleexAa ce KoopAHH?rHara cl'IcreMa Oxyz'HeIIoABHX(' Ha uHJIIlr'IAbpa' Ha cnprlMo IrI'IJII'IHAbpa 2 (ocri Oy e reouerol{qua oc 1)' CreneHnre ete"oro ni paBHIIHatu Ha acra Oz e nepneHAl{KyJlfipua MOIKe uernph-1 ca 2 3BgHoro Cnpn',r'ro / 3BeHOTO Ha na ceo6oAa nocrbllace H ABi'IX(II Ka(lo Aa Aa ce B'Irprtt oKoJIO OCr'rre oy' u oz, ABoI{qa TenHO B HarrpaBJre'r.re sa o6ure Of V Oy. Ktlget'larl''tua-ra

@nr. l-9

<Dar.

l.l6

e or I[ KJIac' npurelKaBa ABe OlpaH[IqeHltfl pI caeAOBaTeJiHo rfl 3BeH oro HenoABlI)I{Ho ce Aro ce I43n'bplrrl{ uHBepcnfl' T' er flpI,tel{e
6

1.3-1.8. Aa ce onpe,u,enrr crenennTe Ha ceo6oAa B ornocr.rreJrt{oro ABr{x(euue Ha sseHata .l n 2 u Aa ce HaMeplt KJraebr Ha ABon,uara ($nn. 1.7-t,12)"
7

Cruloro Aa ce HanpaBH Lt.3a c{eAHHre aBoltln: 1.9. 3seHoro / (Qnr. 1.13) e IrHm'IHAap c Hanpeqen npaBobrbten xaHaJr, a BBeHoro 2 panunna c6c ,cnoeH KbM Hes qHnHHAplil{ea Ha Ilnpoqnuara]na rasana or 'l' qr,rQr c. AuaMerbp, pao6n

1.10. 3a Br.rr{roBara ABor.rua Me)KAy BBeHara I n 2 (Qur. l.la)_ 1.1l; 3Besara I u 2 o6paeyear pagrlpocrpanennre B Marrruno* crpoeHero BpbsKH or $nr. 1.1b. 1.12. 3seuoro 1 (Snr. 1.16) nparexaea cQeprsHara raaea la, a gBeHoro 2 - noAxoAnqo npo@uJrnpaH xauan b.-

a
<Dnr.

l.l5

@sr.

l.ll

@sr.

l.l?

<Dur.

l. l6

Qsr. l.l3

<Dsr.

l.l7

Qxr. l.l8

Qr.rr.

l.t4

uuriro paAnyc e paBeH Ha paAayca Ha cQepara.

1.13. SseHoro / ($ur. 1.17) ce ctcrou or rpu cBa,p3aHr{ noMe}r{-/iy cI| coepn, a sBeHoro 2 e cQepa. 1.14. 3genolo / ($rar. 1.18) e c'bcraBeHo or cQepa n paBHrrHa, (nnouxa), a SBeHoro 2 e rraareplraJrHa paBHr{Ha c rIHnrrHApr4rIeH KaHiur}.
9.

*"

"5

MEXAHII3MA 1. 15. Aa ce cbcraBu KI'{I{eMarHqHara cxeMa Ha B ABe HaIIpaBJIeHHf sarglaHe eAIIoBpeMeHHo c poiictno rflr auloTo ycT 1.19). {6ur. " Peuen'ae. flpn noAaBaHe Ha liaJlgrage BJIflBo or 6yranoro / eee4'

HA 3A'

m'uur

4etaiina. flo"roxeru.rero Ha

npyx{rrHara
cxeMa

61'la,'loro H rrpuABnrl<BaHero My B.rrfiBo. ilpunqnnHara e noKasana ua Sur. 1.20.

4'

Mexagpl&Ma

c,rrer, noAaBaqe Ha rraJrrrraHe

ce BbacraHoBsBa qpe3 or ArcHara crpaHa Ha

KHHeMarrrqHa

@sr. l.2l

--

Oun.

l.l9

Qur.

1.22

Qur.
,T{OTO

1.20

.l' ce npl4BexAa HaAflCHO }I c HaKnoHeHara clt noBbpxttlHa noBAHta ponKara nl--"u."o"q -nprtrcKa 3 Hhrope' Ko6aanqara 4 ce saelpta Aeraftn a A *aar ynopr'Ire 9' flpu 3a;;;;; oc'ra 6, *uro 3BeHoro 5' orrlAero qpes ;;;;;"; ua 4 up"e ocra 6 ce uaAlpnea yropa 8' t{pe,s ss'tra ll ua' i:ii u I0 rcriirnar ce nplarl'IcKa KbNl Ha npsTI{CKaLqnTe e'/IeMeHrIr )Ke Aa ce pelynBpa pasnonoxeunero
x0

1.16. n.a ce onpeAenn 6ponr ua creneHllTe Ha ceo6oAa Hd Mot Qur. 1.21. Peweuue. MexaHusr{tr e paBHIIHeu c fl:4r Ps=S u Pt:0, orKbAeTo sa creneHlrre Ha ceo6oAa ce noJlyqaBa h:3n-2Pr-P*:2.3a dHaqepTaBaHeTo Ha MexaHH3Ma Ce nocTlnBa TaKai a) uaHacn ce paSMep'sr OD u ce ycraHoBsBar . rotlKt{re O u D; 6) onpe4e.nfl c IroJIo)KeHHero Ha A vpes 3aAaBaHe Ha 'brtJl I - HeSaBHCnM reOMeTpEqeH ,rrapanreffip; n) 3a Aa ce oflpeAenl{ noJIo}r(eHHeTo Ha rouxa B, e rreo6xoAu,r,ro Aa ce IIoBHaBa noiloxeHuero Ha r. C, r. e. rpn6aa aa 'ce BaAane rr brbJr p nropu He3aBIrcHM reoMerpl4qeg napaMertp. nprrre)r{aBa ABe cTeneHH Ha cBo6oAa. CneAogare,'rgo MexaHngM.br
.KaHr43Ma

ll

1.17.
Hu3Ma

ypaau. (I2) h*3.4-2.6:0,_r. e. MexaHHBM%r He r\roxe Aa ce ABLIxn. llpn nocrpoflBanero uy o6ave ce sa6e.nhsna, ue Peruenue,

or Sur.

[a

ce onpel,enu 6ponr Ha crelleHlrre Ha cso6oAa Ho Mxo-

flo

1.22.

HaMepe'ara cTene' Ha CSO60Aa, T. e. MeXaHHSMbr HMa eAHa creneH Ea cno60ga' Aro se ce H3rr'nsyBa roBa oco6eno esoftcrno Ha MexaHHsy:^i..:i"p"Mep ce BbBeAe aBenoro 4, KHHeMaraqHaTa Beprrra u{e onoKr.rpa.

Our.

1.25

Qsr.

1.23

<Dxr. 1.26

Qur.

1.27

Qur.

1.24

rofi uua

eAHa creneu

HenoABr.rlr(Hr.rflT

Hgero Ha ror{Ka C ce ea[asa x - n6pBH He3aBHcItM reoMerpltqen napaMerbp; n) nocrporna ce no,'Io)KeHuero Ha r. B upes pasMepa AB; r) BbBexAanero Ha gBeHoro 4 ue 6nor<npa MexaHI4sMa, salqoro e lrsBecrHo, r{e roqKa Q (npt paBeHcrBo Ha rlocor{eHLrre paauepn) u 6eg gseHoro 4 ce Aeuntu ro oKpbxHocr c IIeHlrp O (e.rurnconpa$ex uexannsru). CneAosarenHo nocraBflHero Ha 3neuoro 4 He npoueun
't2

Ha cso6oAa. Aer?crenreJlHo: a) uaueprana ce eJreMeHr (crofixara); 6) aa onpeAeJrsHe Ha noJlox(e-

1.24, I.ZS, 1.26, 1.22, 1.2g, I.2g.-c^e _orpeAeJrflr creneHare Ha ceo6o4a Ha Mexa,nr3Mure or saA. 5.10 (Qur. 5.16) u sa1. E.t4 (Sar. 5.20)i t'.27. Aa ce HsBr,prxn KHHeMarr{qHo np.6oprt;;; Mexatt3ilra' o6pasyean or [onyKp6r; xofiro ce [,,ib3ra no "" Heno,qBr.t)r{Hara rrl)aBa y H j{erloABH)K^HIzfl Kp'btoB AIrcK a, TJracKaH or rrpaBara (lrirrr.rauara) 1 (Snr. l.B0). Petu.enu.e. 3auensr ce r(oHTypHHTe Bpb3KH B r{aro ce BbBe)r(Aar Ao[bJIHHTeJrHrrre eeeHa J, 4 ToqKHTe B, D u E, n S; eura""u1n"" MexaHHg.blvr e nocoqeH na enr. 1.31.

rrrsMare

Oar. 1.25-1,26. Aq

l.l8-1.24. .[a !e onpeAerqr crefleHare Ha ceo6oAa or 1.2J,

Ha Mexa-

t3

na 1,28-1.29. .[a ce EsBbprIlH KI{HeMaruqHo npeo6pasyeane *u*unn**nte ot $rr. 1.32 n 1'33' aHaJIH3 sa MexaHl{3nna ot $ur' -Ce 1.30. Aa ce HaIIpaBIl crpyKryPes

HUBMIT

Peweruue. Cnupa ce ABHxeHHero Ha 3BeHo?o

t.A+,-axo-&

Ha'IaJ,no geeHo

npl{eMe xonsnoro '/'

Br.rxHa-BepHra. flpann ce onvr 3a orAensHe Ha acyposn rpynu or J[ raac. Aro ce orAeJrnr sBe'ara S n S,3BHara Z i'f, cris;;';;A;il_

ec

eAHa creneH Ra cso6oqa,

roil ce npeBprnta B HenoA_

l;

r:sfi Karo Mxa;

I
i

Osr.

1.28

@nn. 1.32

6ur.

1.29

Qur.

1.30

@ur. 1.34

3 u 4, BBeHara 6 n 2 crasar noABHxnE. orAe/rfiT gBeuara 6u7 cBbptslrlurreABoHrIH E,FnKs e"(Ha acypoBa rpyna or II r.nac, ocraHarr{Te 3BeHa Ha Bepr.fara ocralar HenoABrrxHH. cneAeaqara acypoBa rpyna e cbcraBerra or 3Bevara 2, 3, 4 n5 c ABorrrlnre A,'8, D, d, H a C_rpyua or III mac" CaeAomreJrHo MexaHrdBM.T e or crrreces III nnuc j"nprrexaBa eAHa acypoBa rpyna or II raac u eAHa or lll xnac. Arco te cMenr!

Aroce

Ha; aKo ceYorAenfiT BBeHaTa

Qnr.

1.31

l5

HaqaJIHoTo SBeIIo

gaqanuo 3EeHo craHe SBeHoro 4' $exa' ll Buecro -"tu II/ KJIAC' rpu acypoBl'l 3aucno flpl{rexaBa '7' Irpr3rvlbr npu*""u"" vt I-2 2-5' * e" t"t"u"u 6 rovnn or ""a Il Knac-cborBerHo

tsTOPA fNABA
KI4HEMATI,IqEIT ATIAJIfiS

IIA MEXAHH3MHTE

,i"'";t

*."un"'*t'"u""n or 1.31-1.34. Au ti ;;;At"; r(Jracrr Ha *"*u",n|i#" Jt"""uolz.zS.(dt.^2.33), ($nr' 2'36)' ;l?j;;d:-2.e0'14";'^fusl " eaA" 2'31

uo6opa Ha HarIaJIrIoro sBeHo' 6poni na creIIHI'Ire Ha c^so6oAa

eaa' 2'29 ($ur'

2.1. NJIAIT HA NOJIO}T(BHHETO. ATIAi}TH3 HA MEXAHI,T3MI4TE nocPEAcTBOlt IHATPAMTd

'3r.r HHI-Iq!I Or reftcrsarerHara

BenHqEHa B MsnHMerpH.

"oayri or ueprexa. Tara orroBapc e.qr{u ur.llnvctip p varqa6rurrr Mo,[yn 3a AbnxHEa r1e 6r,se u,:l#, ,, c'xopo* ho:
Benr4q.nHa

Clegonareluo vaqa6uuar

no*r.u;;;';;;;;

aso6paarna

t/ ms-1 a ms-Z 7 mm ' 3a ycKopeHr4s k"-i mm ,

\tFl rei
.61 r<
t^,
D

saMoMeHr

nu:iffi

I MN.m

r.

n,

I
^1. \l.t
.v)

Kst, mm

nad

Qur.2.1
"l

N{autadgaqr Mo[yn 3a r6n]KHHH ce _r.t3rron3yBa rtpa EaqeptaBaHe Ha nraxa sa Koliro rpeacraerssa vaula6Ho N:o6paxetr4.,e- F-a K'Her{arriqHa cxeMa llll9l1!]o: urxailu3Ma, Hpes noirporBage Ha nJraEoBere, ar- ptorrr"- noanu, rrenHr{ flonoxeHas Ha BoAe[Ioro saeuo (onpefenenH "r-,nonorti6iftfu. or ctotsetei reoMerFuqeH
Dr) 3a

(ypcoBo npoexTHpaHe

16

T7

!!,

/6 /3

naparrlerlp) Moxe Aa ce npocneAu reoMerpHflTa Ha aBHxelltero Ha BcflKo

,xe-XaHU3Ma

3BeHo

2.2. KTIHEMATHTIEH AHAJIHS TIPE3 NJIAHOBE HA

TI YCKOPEHITSTA

CKOPOCTI,ITE

'---

n OnpaAenflHe- (xa'repranane) Ea rpaeKropan Ha rosxll or MexaHu3ira rong)Keq11 roc'Ie'qoBarenEllIe npe3 rpuaa nranna ce KapBa T3-"--:::t-::tii:1:":L1 6. fpa$nvxo onperersne Ha 3aBI'IcHMocrra Mexav i9'9T:i::19-"ii il3^tiiiti norox{eHfiq oflpeAensua (rr'rexAy rlapaMerpHre' 3BeHo lr noaoxeHaero Ha BoAeIrIoTo Ta Ha resra snexa)_r, Hap. syurcqun Ha no,lolrceHuemo Ha MexaI{H3Ma.

a.

,qa Ce peUaT CneAHI4Te OCHOBHH SaIaqH:

n. Onpeaelrue Ha MlprBnre (KpaftHflTe) rottolxenH-r Ha MexantisMa' Bre norol{eHrlr caorBerHrTe snena axylllpar cKopocrra cra' Haltupanero na ce on

norox""r"

(o6urnoreno na usnrrHtireanr,tre seeua) AaBa Ba3rdolfif,ocT Aa

BaT CSOTBe.TEII Bpa3HH Mexr,lly C!{OpOCTI4Te Ir ycfiOpeauflTa Ha Toqila oT SBerJaTa r{a Mexana3Ma. Taxnea BeKTopHr.t ypaBgeHr-rg ce_ clcraBsr 3a c,teaguTe IBa cnyqag: a, Koraro ABere roqrfi ca or eauo seeno (Qm. 2.2- ro,srLlre A u B),3a Bp]3_ xaTa Merf,ay cxqpocTHTe, caoTBeTHo ycKopeHlrfiTa AM, MOXe Aa ce HarrHure

cxopocrrare u ycxopoHntra sa pa3nrqf,r roqKl.r or aaAerr MctraHra3rM Morar ,qa ce oEpe,[eJlgr qpe9 c:bcraBflHe u pelraBaHe Ha BeKrOpgE ypaBneHHr, ro].rro Hspa3rr_

Ae,tH lr rexHfltlT xo!.

(2.2\

+++

aB-

a.4+oBA,

leolrerpurlHou3cJIeABaHeHaMexaHI,I3BMqpe3[JIaHoBeHanonoxeHueToe (a3auo B sal,. 2.1. IIpu panunnunre lrrapHspno-rocroal{ MqTa}II{1ML 9r- il -Ij:t ^"ryg :: HlIeTo ce nocTpogBa c ttytfiufrxa u trepret. Ma;lro no-c;toxEo e ilocT?otBaIIeTO car[I4f nnaH npl] no-rontMara qacr or MexaHu3Mure or III rllac' flpu rfix nlaHar flocTpoeHl{fr I{nH nonoxeHHeTo Ce flocTpoflBa c Aonbnl{g?eJtHa reoMeTPuqHI] n3yBaHq ca not3yB HarluHa floloSun :.:-^--.,-.,,,. oo nr nnoRnaqHa xaDTI4f. xaprl4r' npo3paqHa or xa rua6lonu D3IIot3yBaHe ",,o60niu gana\a 2.12. pe[aBar. I{ Saaaql, C paenunua reoMerplaqnl4 Kolcrpyxuus Morar Aa

u
vurj

g00,

Oa u2

BFEz

reoverfnuHu"

Meroltll Ha .{,ecKpnrlTllrnaTa reollerpua (salaua 2 13)'

aHaJIU3

Ha npocrpaHcreenu MexaHII3MH'

-ce toeu c'ryuafi ce B

npunar

i;;.p;^ ;

Anaarstr ia neXaUnsMUTe nO MeToAA 'Ea KI.lHeMaTdqnIrTe .[Uarpa!!U Ce KoI'lToxapaxTeplri nocneAoBareJrHo nocTpoqBaEe HacborBerHH AUaIpaMH (KpIrBs), parABHxeHLIeto Ha onpeAeneHo 3EeHo 3aearrH *lttY1l1l:l^o1i::"-1-y-tl:-T.T3:'jl

HOBeiO Ce nOCTpOTBaT B

'x{eHuemo. Alro e Hau'eprajHa ra'u QyuxUlu, upea rpa$uuuo ,UuQepeuUvtpane 11O (tp)' a or uen Aa ce flonyqrl Al.rarpauara ea IraM6ieuxero ua npoudno'lHara S' xouro }locflT croTBerl{o Ha3E s" Ha {g)' 3a H3MeHeHHe AHarpaMaTa -npoll3Boanara uuaia nr,pea u smopa npeaodua @yuttqun' norotu"n npoue.nvpara "^ fP19l1"ul" gQ,tptl11p11t-']^T" nu Qnr. *r1. 2.1 -npeanoroxr". ue e sara.tena rpa$Hxara S:S(tp)' or Korro iPea-.r oro*J. rllpBlrr upeBoiHa Qy'xur.rn s':S' ( 6'r""iiii"r+.p",i*rp^". ip"oBa .D.a ce nonyqn iip*y aocir"iHara^oc a na luarpanoara S-(cp) t"-11]ll:1:-"f1,1.I-",llt,:tt"tu*t:, !.1'^

ln Ha 3aBT,prane g ;a soleqoro 3BeHo ce Hapnqa fiyutt4un Ita llot

3aBIICUNIOCT oT nOnOxenUeTO Ha BOIe1IOTO 3tseHo. fi 3asHcaMocrTa MexAy npeMecTBaHeTo s na uantnHllreJ'lHoTo 38eHo

npenre.r"ou"to, Ha cKopocrra' Ha ycKopesltero' TesH AltarpaMli

\ar
<Dsr. 2.2
(:2.3)

@rr.

23

aa:as*aba*

-l

a'a.q,

---

trsgeto alo u atno ca c'borBerHo HopMarHoro H rasreHqrar'oro yc(opeH'e sa r. B B orrocureJrnoTo rl ABHxeHae cnptlro r. ,4. _fo.renuriara sa HopMaruoro ycKopeHae afto (xoero e HacoqeHo or r. ,g xrm r. A) npw ltsBecrHn cxopocrr.r Ha rorrxrTe ca 6upagan" or BaBHcRMocrra (2"4'|

;t";t.-;:'G;"i.

KpI{Bara ce no'lyriaBar.roqKltre 1" 2" 3' u r' z.i o'; t ""0*v npeirpi"r;ropAhle (ll', tr'2'2'3'u r,n. naxpneara S( B crorserunreHHTepBana ce KoopauuarHaru .".t.*n"' ua S'(cp)^ fe pa:nolara_ no.[ AuarpaNrara 5" (g)' x Bbpxy ocra g c. np."uc"" AeneHufrra O, l, t H r' s' Ha. Ipon3BoJIHo rzsdpaxo 1 r tto:tlocar M'\6!!:?'l^6)'I]Pqt ,""^,^ 01 o. c, sanacs tlorllocar M' thur.2.1fl. fipes t c HaEace croflHlle h'uannno o, tuuonoto no.rrcc ce npeKapBar naqs, ycnopeAHlz Ha caoraerHllre xopAl{: M'I" ll 0l" M'2" u np. flpes'roqxHre 1",2",3" ur. n. ce nlerp-Bar I9e-l,to-1t:ly---1P-1"i,^Tl ce npeclevar c BepTIZHaJrHI.lTe Lt4*1Lfl1, I,I3AI{|HaTL! oT cpear'rTe Ha c6oTBeTHHTe aeJle'} no ocra e B roqrure a, b, c a r. H. Koli-ro,:1-1::11 1i 11!t:l1T:?1":^S:l I4nreipr.rpanero e o6parua oUepaUilfl sa Au4epesrtupa'ero I,t 3a ToBa tro o ,eu ipa4uie*i nbr Ea pasueaaHnn or KptjBara S'{g) raoxe Aa ce nonyqs 3aB
1l

abA: BA:@2 BA,

*"o"ro

r-%fi

e brnoBara cKopocr Ha 3aeHoro.

3iiBrncll OT IT,IIOBOTO yCKOpeHBe

TaHreHqsalsoro ycxopenrie ntuo, ut ecrro BHHarr{ no BanpaBneurze e Aa 3FeHOTO, T. e.

(4^t n4,

';,f,

a!uo:e.BA, (,: ;;)

rpsgg,gsroJ-[q-ase- pagr,qHg"gB,Ha,
CJIeABa:

uocrra S (9).

pasa
(2.1)

Bpralliia

aaex.qy llaula6Hure MoAynI'r

k, u kr' Ha' ABere

hs

l<puBs ce AaBa c

#
k

cBap3aHU c nrr],3...L.-u'l9xio-"gP-erg-r0rrril' rauta.Bpa:Ta, r.r B pa3r.[exlqqgoio.-86;'o'fi.trfire ct-irniaai ,]"eriEa iounrt fdrr.-i.'8,:_ roqxara .81 or :nenord l i"r: ig2 o. .u"noro--2); ;;o;;";;yu"rn'?o,I*opo.rnr*

H 3a ycKopeHlrffTa cboTBeTHO (2.6)

r':

U4'
a kr,
tadlmm

oBr;ea oBr+oB2i,

+++
9

rrAero lz' e
ocra 9.

noarccsoro pa3crotll le, mm'

uaula6susr

ruoAy'tt

(2.7) kaAeTo

aB"-aBr* o'err* tBrl e OTsocuTerEaTa CXOpOCI

1n

+a:arr,

aara H Bropara

B galaqa 2.1 upes iByrparHo an$epcuqxparle ca nonyrreul4 auarpaMl]r Ha

BpeBoAHa $Yuruna"

MeXAy ABeTe TOqxH, T. er. Mexly ABeTe 3Be.

l8

,19

alB

nn63raula nprara (o1:o2); pannnnHure ycKoPeHr'le' roneM[Hara Ha Koeto (npu -KopltonncoBoro or npol43BeAeFveto a'urr-2'"l1o6rt; noco'
Ha,

T!fi

Karo re ca cBbp3an[

Tadauua 2.1

uexaxusuu) ce onpeAeJrfl
KaTa ga ToBa ycKopeHl',Ie -

ce no'yqaBa', KaTo

LB", ce 3aBlprl{ Ha

oTHOCt{TenHaTa cKopocT 9'-ro d nocoKa Ha

CKOPOCT <tt1t

f;u;

npeHOcHaTa 'I'rnOBa

%*

6o

6r=

fu*fre

ai - ornoq.rreJliloro (penarueuoro) ycKopegHe 'c uanpaeleune' caBnaaaulo c oTHoctirenHOTO ABl4)I(eHHe

@'u,,1\*')'
l"haee

6,=fu1%'
Dtau: [1,
vC

Vr=&*fu
(utu darE2er* aA

:----=-=\A=-I \ \ 1 I ' f /^R t4l H ---t" I ' J \ 1-Qur;

Karo ce I{Ma'l npeaEta onucacnyqac' npI'I HaMupanero^ Ha cKopocrl"lre u yc*opesRtta El

HHre ABa

Bud

//

Bz=4=0t

l/rr=7nn
tl - ll +l/

-tqt

ce onp'eAett nopeAlrqa or roqrr (3anoqBaura or soAerrlnrc

vexaHusva
BH lpynl4, KaTo ce cna3lla pe-(6r

seeHa), sa Konro BerropHure ypaBHeHHfi ca PetrIHMH' HauuPaHeto ua re3, ToqKH ce H3BapIxBa IIo acypo-

"; au3!fu

b-ntl

lVo*

(*,firyu
Vo= V6y Vpo

Vu,+ Vru

tABEI

Ha

crao6snasero Ha MexaHl'l3Mar yc-rano-

24

BeH IIpr4 crpyKlypuar:l xaacuorxanouHH. 3a yneirienrle e ra6n' 2 1 e

l'/aaecmuu Bud

Vn

; flauxeluemo Ha 4

4=41p,;vu;
-Ur*f,o + ='* 7,, :ulrn'fu
vu,

lJI

HaMlipaHero il ce toqKnre c rtpcexara cKopocr. 3a6eraesa ,ce'.-qe Ha apyra' *1q-01-1:^p-uo 3a rpylrara roqKa' or orrpeaenlH. t" Ha "nopo"'ira un^nili Ha MexaHu3a'M or II x'rac c nocrpolBaHe ilpuuep ,u *""a*,r,"oen Sanaqa 2'll rl 'uecera/ S nora3aH e ytKopeHlltra nnu"-"" rt,'tiH H3 CKOpOCTHTe tnu"ftu"."urnqHoro " tpyn"---::,.lJr Krac ce u3cneaBaHe Ha MexaHI'I3'r,M c acypo'Il acypoeu moqKil' 3a ncqra tip' r' roqKl{' q3nor3yBane-?a-oco6et" npoBex(Aa c pa3rrlex-

:i:x1.'l'1yi;; "1J"JT-':f"Ti;Jl rPYflu 0r II xiac' C E u lt ca o3uaqeHs

npeamecrByBa

v*-b*%,
U,-h-foo
/./ldee nau
d

arr

rpyfia or III r.nac

Karo roqKr

nocoqe'o

I'l'uolsynaHero ";";;;;;";;;-roi*' roll6riiaurau Ha kI'IHeMaTI]qHI'Ire aBollult' Ha ycKopeHHtlra e u Ha cK0pocrHTe lrnaHa Ha fiocrpogBalle npH acvpoBldre roqKH

Iil

acyooer'r rotlxu' Kot'Iro ce na ia onpeAenqr rpu 2'4 e t-..ip'::, 'qeoHut{)'.-H^a frzr' or"oaa, u."tpir*io rLeno lteeuotg rpvra or 3a raAeHara s"' ; s" s" saMI'IpaHero pa3,'IEqsH

lt/

xmc IIpH

ua

: S^uxesuema sa /u4 tr,:% +l/ ^32

/r* -

_n \ rgrr)
V-:/^+V-iJqrL
tt :ttl. *tt 'rr' tI-z r A? :L rA tnr\

At=A

,ll tr:E

+l/ ,AC

+-

noxirano a zaaaqa 2.12. MexaH'I3MIt c.rlrlo Morar ra ce Cropocrate n ycKopenlitra B rlpocrpancrBeHuTe Kol4ro ce pemaBar rpafnlxo yp'u'tt"'i"' onpeaenqr qpe3 ctcraBflHe na "e*ro!n" 'B r-eoMerpsqHH cto,"a'nure n'naubre; To3l{ cryqaia ce iloJl3yBar c rlocrporlBaHe Taxoea-peueHle e noKa3aHo B saaaqa "u

t/
tl

nocrpoe''q o"
2.13.

o..*p"orr;;;;;;;;;;ptrr'

llsaecmpu: a
2.3. AHAJII4TTIqHA KHTIEMATI4KA. TiA MEXAHI43MI'ITE

t/ ,c

1l/ -l/ *l/ dll'ce?' 'czs, F l-it/": -v" '42'!.'A 'cA

(ut u A0Jcafi e LAL.I-I rU _t/ +[t-,

','t2
t.+

*V.. , il l:J
lt/.t' *
:

- tA, x,t2 1t--_fi .l- i,' -t!

c

N L1

,t:.

\':,

i,

,dY

fF_44
J /I

aMar orpduu'Iela roquocr lpaSxunrlre Merorll 3a ananu3 lla Me)QaHI13MI'tre eeraqlaHa' Tono ge noBeqe or rperl'Ifl ,""I-u*;"nt'taia crotisocr tu ctntutt"nra Ha npaBu JlIlB l{3qepraBaHero orpar{rqeHue ce Hanara or TexHHqecKtire rpyaHocrl'i (parr'repu) H or orpaH,qe*ara pa3AeHnr{ H oKp6{{Hocrn np' ;;;..;tt ;;;tt*"tiio pa3rHtIHI'l' (ane to'$H uot''t ai ce nao6parnt Karo r,rfiTeJlHa cnoco6qucr *, uap'"*' tzso6paxe'lrn' ua'rxu nptr mm) 0'2 traa &Ko ca pa3nonoxeHlz Ha ;-;t;;;";;
2A

l,^, I ,/ I
I

Tr,:Y="*Vtu

u,:4,u4u,
-

(/r,n:vou,)

//necittu ; Traauxerueno

Lz-Y

'

--

V,:V.+V, '43 '44 At+

V.:V"+V": t2 t3 t27

na

:u'L.vdvbl 4 (V; Wun; V;"-(,,f - -)

21

*'i

Koltro ce o6pa6orBar c MareMarrtrrHttl Ta{ilktg:t HnIr qpes HgnoJt3yBan 8t H3pa3;, 'B ro3i{ cnyqafi roqHocrra npaKrriqecxfi Moxe Heorpagflqero Aa EapacHe. Or EX{M. Esgo,rsyBarrero Ha EI4l$ IaBa B]eMOxHocr sa aErOMaTLIsHpaHo UHF cTpa6a, .[pyfa poBo npcrtraae.

, ilpr

aHaIETHqIrnTe MeTOIH 3a aHanB3 Ce H3Be)I(AaT

E3fiOn3yBrT arra.ltnTllqrrn

'

re

flp" anannrnqaqTo onpeAenflHe Ea OygxI1utTa Ha IIoto)KeHHero trt MextHa3MI{B o'6qnt cnyqail Ce notyqaBar cl{CteMir Or TpaHCUeHAefirHU ypaBHelrl4fl. 3a Ca'
nn
Ce nOn3yBaT
3aBHCI.IMOCTI,I OT

craBfiHeTO

xasx3M6 Te3r{ ypaBserrHfl Mofar Aa 6'b4aT perxeHH arrpeKTHO. Tarsna EpI{MepL Ca [43JroxeBtr B 3dtraqa 2.36 n lecera nraea' flpu auaanrrnHoro onpeaenrHe Ha TpaeKTopr{n Ea ToqK11 OT trNleH MexaHH3sM C t3[Ot3yEaT pa3nnqHll r'COuerpnVrn HaqI{HI'l. E,(Ug Or TflX e ttora3Af B SaIIaqtr 2.33 n 2.34. Cxopoctme u ycropeatqra lra csorBernn roqrr4 ot gne$a B MexaHHgMa cluo MotaT Aa ce olpeAetrrT nO aHanHrurteB rI5T. 3a Ta3I{ qen Tp868a Aa ce trUQepeHUHpa SyfiKuutl?a Ha [onoxegxflra n aa ce nonyqar nbpBara' a creA roBa tl 'Rropara ilperid.qsa SyHxUrn. Anarrrflq'oro gaM'pa*e Ba cKopocrl{ I{ y.r.p.El,fl MOxe na ce uiatprun u upes upoexrnpaHe Ha 3aTBOpenH (onTypr{, o6pasyBaHr.r or. caotBelrt&re 3aeHa B MexaHE3Ma, C'bCTaBsHe Ha nRHefiEa CI|CTeI\ra OT ypaDHeHltr Ir CJeABa[IO ,(Ug lro(a3aHo B' SaAaqa Qepenultpane Ea Te3fi ypaBreHuc. Peruenne or TaKrB BHA 2;36 H Aecera raasa.

FeoMeTpHnTa.

Ilpu

eneMeHTapHHTe Me-

nocteAoBaretxoro ofipele{ffEe sa MI-[P B p:iauuxgrtc Mexant{3Mtl oe l{3abptunir c u3nor3yBaHe Ha reopevara 3a rpHre MUP: mpume ioaenmau 4e+m6pa Ha lnmar4ufl 8 OnHOCUn?JXHO^O dAUWeAUe HA mpL 38eHA JteCrcAm HA edHA npAseL il"trpauep, aro 3ae[ara ca h, t H tr, uenTpa?e P,p1,-P-1s2 H Pmn x-exar Ha eatla rrlrana. OnpeaerflHe Ha MI{P e IIoKa3aHo B saAaIrH 2.3'J,2.40 u 2.41. Halrrpanero sa MI[P g Aaaen MexaHH3bM AaBa Ba3Moxgocr 3a onpeAerflHe Ha t,l,10Blr cKopocrH Ha c60TBerHH 3Bega, cKopocru na roqKH ll cbor8erHu npeAaBaTcnHr4 orHoiueuun (sa4aua 2-42 w Teceta rnaza). Karro e HBBecrHo, reoMerpr.qHoro Mecro Ha MUP B o6uxfl cnyqaft e xpura, ilfll)eqeHa \elrmpouda. AKo rosa leoMerpHqHo Mtcro e orHeceHo KbM Eeno,[BHx(Ha' t;l paoHaria (crofirara), qeHrpouAara e He[oaBH]r(Ea; at(o ro e orHecef,o I{}M noao,,,rinara paBxr.rua (paruunara- Ha 3BeHoro), ueHrpolraara e notrBllxua. B npoqeca na
orr{u(eHrrero no,[Ellxrrara qeHTpol{na ce TapKatfl (6ee oarsraHe) etpxy Heno,qBl]xliltra qe[rrpon.4a, rbfr raro ornoclrrerilara cKopocr B aotrnpHara roura (MIIP) e
|l yrr a.

B saqrqa 2.43 e noxaaau IIpuMep 3a onpeAenfiHc Ha uex?p.)Ilall.

3AAAT{fl KbM BTOPA |JIABA

2.4. MOMEHTHI,I !dEHTPI,I HA POTAIII4'I. KilHEMATNqEH AHAJIUS qPE3 MOMEHTHH IdEHTPH HA POTAUI,Ifl

il

2.7. D.a ce Hgc,,IeaBa ABHxeHI,Iero Ha MexaHIT3Ma Ha IIrenl'IHrMaiiltrHara, KaTo ce oflpeAenflT synr4ura Ha noJloxeHnflTa' cKopocTTa
vcKopeHfieTo Ha

Karro e r.r3BecTrro oT Teoper6qHara M:(aHBKa, OTHOCHTeJTHOI:O. $BI{XHge Mg1i1aBe npox3BoflHlt 3BeHa oT paBltrHen MexaEg3'I'M B [aAeH MOMe-ET MOXe iAa Ce pa3f"Tqx{tra xaTO MOMeHTHa poraqHfl OKO"IO TO{Ka, HapeqeHa JWO"eAmeH.4eHm6p Ha pomai)un (MUp). Koraro eAHoro or 3Beuara e HenoaBg)ruto (r. e. crofiKaTa Ha Me'MOMe;THUfr raar.rslla), Ueqlbp Ha lpyrorq 3BeIIo e a6conloTeg; B o6[Iltfl .Cnyqafi'

!y

2.6). Boaeuroro 3BeHo 1 ce nlpru panHoMepHo c 'brJIoBa { r(opocr rrrr: 10 rad/s; paSMepllre Ha MexaHI{3Ma Ca: lo,q:70 mm, 1,111:220 tfl.fit, l6s:350 mm, [cn:140 rltttt, h- 180 mm u lp7:Q,$ 1o". Peruewue. Ha @nr. 2.6 ca HarlgpraHu MauIa6Ho n.{aHoBere Ha no' r(ir

I (4ur.

I]I3II'bJIHI,ITeJTHOTO 3tseHo

IZ

rpaerrop[flTa Ha ror{-

rtoi(eHHero 3a 12 paBHocrosrrlH noJ]oxeHHff Ha BoAelqoro 3BeHo. flo;tolr(cHliflra Ha roqKa / ca HoMepHpaHH c I{nspHTe 0, 1,2,...' 11llceru nnaH ce rrocrpoflBa, Karo llpeg HeRoABrDKHara toqKa O w no' fx'AHoro noJrox{eH?re Ha r. A ce npe,Kapa orcer{Kara BC. C.reA toea i" pa3rBop cD sa nepre,'Ia ce Sacl4qa c A'bla flpaBara, rlo Kofro ce lr,rlH)tr(H TOqKara D. Toqrca 7" ce uanupa B cpeAara Ha DC.

rrrfropur HeirHara rpaerTopl4fl

CreAngsganero Ha rIocJIeAoBareJIHHre noJloxeHHr Ha roqKa T y.. KpafiHi.ne rIoJIo)KeHwr T' tt T" clo' o1'lleTCTByBaT Ha MT,pTBt4Te nOnoX{eHIIJI Ha MeXaHI'I3Ma' KOHTO OTIOBap'lT Ha oHe3H Koir4)r]rypaqns, npn Kollro BoAeuIoTo SBeHO e nepfieH/r,ilr(yJfipHo Ha BC, r. e. orceqKara BC (seeHoro 3) aonupa Ao rpaei(-

@sr. 2.5
KOtaTO

c o6u 6poft n Ha BcHqKH 6ponr ua MI-IP ce onpeaenr c l{ftpa3a

flpr,r r*exauusr,M
(2.3)

t{

JrBeTe 3BeEa

ca nOABH}Krltl, CbOTBerHuTe MLIP Ce Hap[qaT

OTHOcI'iTerHU.

3B8a (BKnroqr,rreJrHo

cror?KaTa)

r{HAeKC

HoMepata Ha c6orBerHare 3BeI'Ia, Ea[pl4Mep Psv P31 rr r. E. Koraro aBe 3Be[a ca cBrpsagr{ c Baprtula ABot{Aa, oTHocgrenHnsr M[lP cbB1ra,4a c trBgr]Ilarar np$ [nagraqa .{Bot{ua MI-[P e or4aneqes B 6e3KpafiHOCT nO [epnegAUxyrtpa Ha nexn Ha EOpM:ldIaTa' npexanpan.rennero HA nJta3raHe H nplr KOHTypHa Bpa3Ka rapa8a B ronupHara roqKa Ha xbnrypure (sur. 2.5).

npn onpelennEero Ha

"z:l;):+ M[lP ce

n@-t)

sai'rafa Ha BceKE ueHrap aa ce noc_TaBfl ABOeII

Ir,prrflra (oxprxnocrra) na r. .4. Ha @ur. 2.7 e nocrpoeHa 4ryHKu?tsra Ha IloJloxeHl'tflra Ha sBeHo'r'o J s saericfiMocr or rroilo)KeHl{ero Ha BoAelqoro 3BeHo. flo aSclIHcilil'fa oc h{a[{a6Ho ca HaHeceHa cToi.iHocTI,ITe Ha 'brbJl 9, KOt'lTo c'boT' .r('rcTByBaT H Ha cTOftHOcTu Ha BpeMeTo, T'bft KaTo 9=aJ, or:cofiSt. l lo op4uHarHara oc ca HaHeceHH MaIIIa6Ho crofiHoclHTe Ha flapaMerb1ur S, xoftro onpeAenff rioJloxeHl{ero Ha 3BeHoro 5. I4SMepBaHero Ha .\' ce npe4ruecrByBa or HBSop Ha Haqa,'Io.(npouseoano) E nono)Knre"'Iilit r]ocoKa (orpuqare,rul{Te crofiHocrH Ha S rpr6na Aa Ce HaHacflT rlo,g,
,rlCill:CH3TO

S(l), a AuarpaMara S"(g) -qpeo

finarpanata S (V) e nofiyqeHa r{pes rpaQnr{Ho AnSepeHIrHpaHe Aa$epeHul'lpaHe Ha S'(g).

OC)"

Ha

23 22

3a uauqa6nure Molyrn Ha xtil.rBure ce flonyqaBa ,k^, h hn : m/mm, hn, TjT*0,00218

4h*0,002?,8

m/mrr,

Mexanr.rgMa crorB,ercrBygar Ha eKcrpeMyB auarpauara S(9). 2.2. Aa ce nocrpou nraHbr Ha noJroxeur{ero Ha MexaHrr3Ma Ha uacnrolra caMorer (Qnr.2.8)-npul g:n, lo,l:900 mm, los:1320 mm, l,se:400 tnrt], lrc:640 mm, Ico:920 rtrm, lur:J00 mt
MH?e

Mrpraure noJroxeuI{fl r{a

(v)

Ks =0,004 m/mm = 0,00218 nTmm Ku = C,0218 ms-//mm, Ki = 0,00278 nTnn Ko .C,2TB ms'2/mm

Ki

h""

lsmo

KE=a,052t, rcd/mrn Kt . C.a0524 s/ rnn

@sr. 2.6

apeMero L Maqa6nure MoAynn 3a cKopocrra Ha 3BeHoro 5 ce npecrurrar or:

k, o

3asncuMocrure .9(g), S'(q) ll S"(g) ca uAeHrurrgH cborBergo c S(t), o(t).w-g!), aKo ce rlprreMe, ve uo a6cqucHara oc e HaueceHq

::

;l

61.n:t

o H yct(opeunero

d"

*ur.
B
MEXAHI'3MA

2.7

fi-

-0,02 1 B ms-'/mm"
ms-z/mm.

ko:+n:0278
24

/ar:80

2.3. Aa ce nocrpon SyHxqnara Ha rroJroxeHr.tsra sa gnexoro .? or Srar. 2.9.'Aa ce oflpeAeJrsr Mapr.Bnre noflox(eBrlfl Ha MCXAHU3MA I.' ce Har{eprae rpaeKr_opltflra Ha r. ?. npn loa:30 mmo
mm,

lac:70

rL'rffl, 147:0,5 lAB.

otr

ce nocrpon , $ynxqunra,na lonoxeHHero Ha geeHoto 3 OT KOJIflHO.MOTOBI'JIKOBI{g MEXAHI,IS'bM HA Sr.r. 2.10, Aa ce onpeAensr .M'bpTEHTe TIo.IIOX(eHAfl n ce HaqepTaf,T AHarpaMr.Ire 3a ngMeHeHueTo na cKopocTra It ycKopeHHero My IIpH loa:40 mm, lea- 100 mm, c:15 mrn H ror:24 rad/s.

2.4.

Ia

rrero 2 ra Mexa$naMa f,a oJrAxaMoBrrr cteArrHr{ren ($nr" 2.13) twr, h74*:30 mm. drr.:100 "'

nprr

2.8. [a ce oiipeaenv QyHrqmra Ha rror'ro)r(eHlrffra Ha gseaoro 4 r)l' MexaHHsMa ua Po6tprc (Qilr. 2. 14\ 'wnoBara cKopocr rr brrroBo-

Our. 2.I0

Qar.

2.8

Qur.2.ll

$nr.

ni.

2'!l
. ilj .r,' -Vt -

Ha noJlox(eHaflra Ha geeHoro 3 ,:na KyJrr4cHr.rs MexaHrrsblr (@nr. 2.11), raro ce Harleprae LI rpaeKropnfira Ha roqKa O. Pasrrnepure Ha MexaHusMa Aa ce npueMar rlpol{3-

2.5.

[a ce ltocrpou Qynr<unnra
Ha

*;.'.t'

lepranr rpeaKropnsra Ha roqKa M w H ALIatpaMlIre 3a uSMeseHne Ha 'bltroBara -cropocr H 'briloBoro ycxopeHlle Ha 3BeHoro 3 npn rrl, :5 -tadls, loe,: :60 mm,./r-80 mm, xa:30 mm, leu:40 fim, h:10 mm. 2.7. n; ie onpe4earr rraeKropl'tnre Ha roilKnre M s K or oaeMexaHagrbM (Qur. 2.12)

EOJIHO.

<Dnr.2.l3

2.6. Aa ce

Kynl{cHtlff

Qut'. 2.12

26

27

nocpe4crBeHo or 1 r{ tpynara Ha 3BeHara 4 u 5, gaABH)r{BaHa or TO ycKopesrte ,$a ,cbilxoTo 3EeHO H MrpfBr.rre nofloxeHHg Ha Mex rpeAnunara rpyna (ctcraneH uexaungtu or II r.rrac). B rosn pe4 HB3Ma npn @r:30 rad/s, ly*l6 frrn,.h2ol5 mm, hs:S}mm, loA :20 mm, Ies:iO rnfit, 'lDc-lri,:S$ mm, lqr:!4 mm, tu":tf,'" il(e ce r{3cneABaT cKopocTnTe r{ ycKopeHHflTa Ha MexaHI.r3Ma.

,errloro SBeHo 1, acypoBaTa rpyna Ha gBeHara

)*. clpyrrypirqflr

aHanES noKaaBa',

qe MexaHH3M6r e nSrpaAeH oT

2 u 3,

gaAsrxsaHa

-55

mm.

. \\i' 'r Vr,-.........-.......0.= 0"

0 2t

4J e9

]L',nn

tDur.

2.ll

<Dur.2.l5

-t r:

2.9. ila ce onper,eJru QyHrqraaTa Ha notoxegr.rflTa Ha ssenoro 5 or xexaHnsMa ua $nn. 2.15, raxro r.r ubpTBHre My noJroxeHafl npfi cneAHure pa3Meprr: Io,l:100 mm, I,q.a:33A mm, lpa-t$$ mtn, IDE:260 mm, h:l40mm, xc--75 t[fiI, !c: -290 mn, xr:280 fr[],
105 mm.

./,

d,= d,

2.10. ila ce onpelenu @yurquaTa IIa [OJIOXpHT{flTa H CKOpOCTTa

Ha gBenoro

esr. 2.lT Cropocrra Ha roqKa ,4 ce npecullg or att-atOA. Or nonroca nocrpoeHa orceqKara 7)a-.pfl.:AA I OA, rcri raro npn u36parrrrrr nraula6eH MoAyJr Ha cKopocrwe (k-u*lotht) cJreABa

3 or

npocrpaHcrBeHus

lrlexauustu ($ur. 2.16) npu tr\:8 rad/s, lor:49 rr, l,qa:150 mm, xo:60 mm, zo:50 Qur. lllltr, 2":$Q tfifn, a*25". 2.11. Aa ce nocrposr rr.raHonere tsa cxopocrllTe It ycKopeHI'I9 Ha MexaHHBMa, noKagaH Ha $ur.2.17, npn cneAHHTe paeuepu: lo,a :40 mm, lee:55 m:ri', lac:50 mm, xe:85 mm, !c:20 mm v h :45 mrn npu t'll:8s-1 u g:85o. Pearcuue. fl.nasrr sa ro,noxeHr{ero Ha MexaHngMa e noxa3au Surypara c uarqa6eH MoAyn ft1:0,0005,,T/*. (.uayrparno yBenLI
KOJTSHO-MOTOBHtTKOB

,'/

Ltn:

a, ,A I

h,.t1a "'tY"

u,k, rt

-OA.

Bx.

sa6eJrexrara

roa

Jnrnaq B

r.

10,1.1 {aecera rraea).

29

28

3a nrpnara
HCRN'TA

acypoBa rpyna crrJraeno ra6a. 2.1 (nna

{+++d+

I) creABar
o*"o:
oTKlbAero
nepneHAHKyJrfp

",2 o'ffi

OB, -QA" *og,qi

OB, oOC" *Oac,

QOA) (LBA)

(=0) (rac)
nocTpoflBa n
rrpaBHTe onp

Or xpan Ha uAz (rouxa ar) ce nocrpoflBa npaBa, sa BA (nrpno ypaBHerrne); or ror{Ka p-Cg ce
nepneHALlKyJrflpHa Ha B_C.

flpecerrHara ToqKa
c.e u
57,5.0,004

Ha

Totuda b2, pecn.

rtB2:pbr. fipecMrrrar

ahe-aha lko:30 mm (nocoxa or roqKa B rr'na rouxa d)Tafi Mar{a6Htre MoAynII yAoBnerBopsBar ycroBuero k'r:kt'ko, yAo6no e HOnoJI3yBaHero Ha rpa$nvuoro nocrpoeHl4e oT IIJIaHa Ha onpeleBGpxy noJlyoxp'LlKHocr c AI'IaMer6p, 48 rroJroxeHHero " npoer<llaflTa ua A'B nlpxy AB neHa rorlKa A' rala,'re 'FE:-*.
e qeprolKHara cT ofinocr Ha HopMaJIHoro ycKopeHl'Ie - eho, t.brl tcaro or [paBobrbJltiitfi TpIlbrBnHZK LABA' cJIeABa

*y-

lr

, \2

*ii.fi## - 0,e26 rrS-2,

ib.ko oh:-fif:;;f

uat

:ffi:4'18

s-1 (no.uoNure;rua),

',:
3a aropara acypoBa

-4'8 s-r (orPNqare'rlua)' rpyna (la6.rr. 2.1- Br.rA Ill) cJreABa

(ll

1ff

ypaBHeH

tn t'lpes' Asarornqso nocrpoeHlre e noKa3alio I{ 3a ycKopeHuero abc' lnaHa Ha ycKopeHllffra MolI{e Aa ce onpeAenfir

{uo'Ts--Ban @A':4;

!po:tto" *!_o*.
o'\

^ _aLe ez:*BA
BBeHoro

Haunpanero Ha cKopocrra
BHA

I)

craBa rrpe3 perxaBauero Ha cucreMara

Ha ,roqxa D or
++ :!c'

( ll 3,4)

(ra6r, 2.1

_ _l!,s_;g,S^: fu.j-: :rr,r.oolos ^1 : -' 10,g s-z (orpuqarer,rno), BA.t, es: Ync : 55 s-2 (orPnuarenuo)'
cne,[,Ba

0D" :OB" *0Oe , tD"

fo,pr'

3a eropara acypoBa rpyra

Tgri xaro rournre Br, Cs vt Ds ca or

eAHo 3BeHo, Te" o6pa3 uo,q,o6sn Qnrypn B aJraHoBere Ha noJror{eHuero, cKopocrr{Te rr yc * peHHfra. C.[eAoaare,'IHo HaMupaHero Ha nD!,T. e, Ha ror{Ka dg, Mo

q:"-t:!4
( ll ov)

+;cp,"+db,".
( il 3,4)

Aa craHe c nocrporBaHe Ha no.{,o6sn rpnr,rb"rrHuuv Abscrdr- LPg no crpaHa baca:brp. flo-nararbK ce npeKapBar npaBn npes d3, y nopeAgo Ha rr.rrt3raurara BpbBKa Me)KAy 3 u 4 /r,o npecnqasero n BeprnKaJrara npe3 p (rtft xaro saeHoro 5 u rorrxara Dn:Dr, ABHxar Beprr{KarrrHo nocribnare,'ruo). Orvnra ce oou :ou:idu, ko:37. 0.004:0,148 ms-1 (orpuqare.rrna). 3a ycKopeullero Ha ror{Ka d, or ot:8 s-1: const (er:0) cJre aA, :aj,:alOA. flpn marqa6eH MoAyn ko:a?4 ce nonyrraBa -

llauupauero Ha ycKopeHuero [,ocpeAcTBoM cltcreMaTa crnre

Ha TOqKa

Dr craea

KaKTO rIpH cKopoe

io"

:iu,

peueHr{eTo Ha Koflrg a3r4CKBa }tgotg TpyA lI e rieror{Ho. flo-y4o6nO e nocrpottBaHer,o Ha noAo6sn rpI46r'bJIHHUI'I-B-nJtaHa Ha ycKopeHusra

+obu+dbu, io"

:ir, +;hc+;Lc,

an^ ,?oe :-+aAt:*:' na @iEt

HaHacs ce orceqKara Aq:OV B nocora acypoBa rpyna cne,q,Bar ypaBHeHrnsra

Abscsdv- LBCD ilo ll3Becrl'lara crpaHa &ucr. Koplrontlconoro ygt(6p.HHe ce ofipeAenfl or 3aBHcI4Mocrra acr,": td|flDn" :2 .4,8. 73 . 0'004:28 rns-2,
orK'bAero ga rleprox(Hara croiisocr ce noJlyqaBa a"p^:a,fi,./fto:88 mm' Ha 90o cnpnnao o3' llocoxara ce oflpeAeJls, Karo ce

:OA. or .4 rtira O.
3a

rro rpaoHqecl<n. AeilcrBHrer'lHo or

"uruprrio* OnpeAe.lnnero Ha a"o," npn k?,:kt.fro naoxe Aa ce l,tsBbpurlr yAo6d6oo2!E?oo-cneABa

(=0) (IBC) I (IaA) "lf Onpe4ennnero Ha HopManHHTe ycropeunaf,or nbpBoro ypaBHeHue LrSB6prxBa IIo gaBncHMocTrr
t
u

!n!"'.:ae" *afiu+ at"n, aa]'

+++++++9

- ac" *ahc*aLc.

Onpe4enanero Ha i"p,* crasa or uolo6uu rpH.brb.IIHHiIu, fiusnpaAenn Br,pxy OrceqKaTa BC|Z na ruIaBa Ha IIOiIOxeHI4erO, Koero no3BoJIgBa
3tr

+:#

^nn

3-:h

30

w-

[IaMr{paHeTo Ha qepToxHaTa cTofiHocT Ha ycKopeHlreTo caMo c JlnHlrfl" onpeAenrr

Cle4 nocrposBanero na rouxa du B rrnafla Ha ycKopeHuflTa ce

aD"

Karo ce uMa npeABflA, rre uts: aA+ gBA il rle cKopocri{re osa ttr t,/r4, KaffTO H Oe H O5q HM?T CbOTBCTHO C/[HAKBH A*peKtpr{cfi, la os
creABaT ypaBf,eHHflTa

r9+

ms-z (orpHqareaHo), KoeTO KnHeMarHr{Hnt]n alfl.anvg 3a 9*$$o e SaBbprueH.

:1 17 . 0'032:3,74

lvr: aa* osl*OsB t]BA f+i+ oss las: os* .:

--,L.sc

l+

6/t

e'

Teer ypaeneHnr Morar Aa ce nocrpof,T rpaSnuuo; aKo noAr{epra. lltrre c e4na o6r4a qepTa BeKroprz ce np[eMaT nbpBoHaqaIHo Karo o6rq rerrop. B uoaroca p Ha finalaHa cKopocrnre (Qnr. 2,lg 6_ho-wr.ft,-aa .'0,05 ms-l/mm) ce HaHacfi cKopocrra aA=pa, H KbM n." rpeKap1If (lr'rci <ir

\a
d,=P

.anPe<rpncara Ha o6u1ua BeKrop

noJrroca

irt+dscLCQ:-llpecevaara roqKa $s HZI ,(Bere npaBfi onpeAeJrff cxo. Itocrra gs:pssho:42.0,05:2,1 ms-r. 3a rocra .E or ctuqoro tBer() ce BanscBa ypaBHeflr,rero rr]: i"* iur,B Koero ?EsIEg woull EE. ( : npeKapBaHe Ha TegH- Haupin.neH"n" r,?"na zs craBa H3BecrHa cropocr1J I{a r. E-ou:pe . kr:44.0,05-2,2 ms--l. Cera Beqe Mo}Ke Aa ((' EbpHeM H Ia onpeAeJIHM cKopocTnre Ha TorrKnre B uC.TOua ilrox(e Ia cTar{e, KaTo ce r.r3non3yBa HarIpHMep TeopeMaTa 3a no[o{)rrero

i"o+i"r, nepneHAr.rxynflplia rua AB, ce Ha'acff 'Hffiaealiineio ru' o"oull"-Be*rop

= A.Co/

m/n,r

ycKopeuuffra ce npaeMa rraaqa6 ko:a?.ktVcropeHuero Ha roqxa .4 ce npecrurra - aa:ull61. .lrr aclpoBara roqxa S ce fianorgyBar ypaBueunflTa
nJraua
-- 2,5 ms-z7mm,

3a

(A.SEBs4sa6;.

Ha

Qnr. 2.18

++++

anBA+a.38+atuo+ atr"

2.12. la ce flocrpoflT rrJraHoBere Ha cKopocrnre r.r ycKopeHrlflTa &{a eneMeHrapHxfl MexaHHBRN{ or III rnac (Snr. 2.18). MexaHraglrtr cbAtp)r{a e.rr,Ha acypoBa rpyna or lll rnac 3BeHara 2, 3, 4 w 5. 3a Ha.iepraBane rra nJraua r{a IIoJIox(eHHero e IIgnoJr:lyBaH rua6nos. Pasuepnre Ha MexaHH3Ma ca: loo:20, nm, lae:30 mrn, lsr:20 mm, lnc:|l mn:, lce:42{nrn, !n:29 mm, xo*42 mm, yD:--19 mm,
Peaenue. fl,raH'rr ua fioJro]xeHlrerc, e ilocrpoeH B vatga6 k,: -0,001 m/mm. Cxopocrra Ha ro,{Ka / ce ilpecMrrra or oa:a1i6,o. .Acypoaare rorrKu Ha rpynara ol IItr x,rac ca o3HarreHrr c S; .S', S"" Bcuqru acypoBu TolrKr{ ce pa3tnex(Aar Karo ToqKr.r or cnox(Horo
BBeHo

M()r'aT ,[,4

g:60"

ra

t,l1

:5S

1sd1g.

Vcropennnra d1 Lt eo ca rd3BecrHa; BcHrrKn HopManur{ ycKopeHnf ce npecMeTHaT H ca C r,r3BeCTHIr nOCOKH; Tar{reHqr{a&Hl{Te +. l'(t{opeHns aluo*a!" xaro o6q Bexrop ca nepneHAr{KyJrffpHr{ naAB,
ycKopeHr4rru
turpuu

ir

rrrrrtbJIHeHHeTo Ha

3a- peiuaeaue Ha BaAar{ara e }leo6xo,[,HMa cal,;{o eArra or acypoBuTe roqrr.r (S unu S). 3a cKopocrra Ha ror{Kara S rvroxe Aa ce Harrnme
++++++

seegoro 3.

ua CD. B naana Ha ycKopennsra e noxasaHo (@ur. 2.18 e) Te3*I ypaBHeHHff ea dsi ds:QS1.ko:I17,5.2,5: 294 ms-2. 3a yutopen[ero Ha r. E ce BarrncBa ypaBr{euuera ale : ++-t as+ a\s*alu, u noHexe ca H3BecrHH AupeKrprrcnre H af,"_ll_ES n

d,"o+it" (crrqo raro o6u1 eerrop) ca nepneHAHKy-

u,, ll

os: oB+osB
32

EE, craBa -- Bb3MoN(Ho

flpoeKTHpaHe

::

oflpeAeJrffHero na

au:qe . ka:12}.2,533

YL

o5: fls*

'(t5c,
I l'-Bo sa KypcoBo

rwl{/3

'qe HasHHH (uanpnnrep qpeg reopeMara"Ba noAo6nero npn ycKopeuusra

xn,or gBeHoro 3-at u au. Vcuopeuuqra Ha ocranarnre roqrn n C or cbuloro sBeHo Morar Aa ce-oflpe,[eJlgr no pagrneEanlrre

:300 ns-2. rlo raKba

Haqr{H ce

onpeAengr ycKopeunflTa Ha .qBe

ce rrpeKapBa [paBara asIArBr r.r ce HaMHpa r. s; oT Hc.- ce ilpeKapBa npaBara sb'yArBr. Teal.t ABe ltpaBlr upe.[.craBrqBar cneAnre Ha l)aBHHHa, nepnenAnKyMpHa sa AB. flpeceuuara roqKa b Ha npasara sb c npana, nepneHAnKynnpna ua CB2, o[peAe,'rfl cKopocrra pn ,u ToqKa .8, sa rotro ce nonvrlaBa

Qut.2.2l

Qnr. 2:22

ft:0,0a2 m/nn

Kv:0,A48 ms/:tm

n 2Lt "-:::y'::a
tDur. 2.19

L)mrfi
@ur. 2.20

2.13. 3a npocrpaHcrBeHuq MexaIIHgtM'or Qlr. 2.19 a Aa ce TpoH nnaHbT Ha noJloxeHl]ero 3a 9r:30o H La ce onpeAenflT {, oa npn ot:20 radfS, xo:$0 mm, zo-7A mm,yc':90 ttrttr, 2c:$$ r:60 t1.fii, h,:150 mm, R:100 mm. Ei.. 'r. r l-'$ Peutenue. Ilaantr Ha no.tlolxeHuero e nocrPcen ua Sur. 2.19 crrea c&IonffBaHe Ha paBHHilaTa orxz Ao qeproxHaTa fipanunna TotIKa r41 ce 3dcHea c pa3TBop & ua nepreJl BeprIrKaJIHara oc B r. flpoexrnpa ce r. .dl B'bpxy cblrlara oc n cYpa3TBop A2E na n ce 3acnqa rpaeKTopuffTa Ha to..rxa B B paBrlunara Orvz, KOqrO cJrr.rBa c rreproxnara paBHI4Ha. Tara ce nonyrlaBa roqKa 82 (npoexu Ta Ha B v Oryz). Tagu to.Ira ce npoeKrHpa Bbpxy BeprRKai oc z u ce nonyqaBaT ABere IlpoeKIInH Ha MoToBHJIuaTa h: s*^ot n s O6tz-ArBr.3a trua rp ce orvura!t!:70o.1 -EEr flaanrr na cKopocrnre e nocrpoeH Ha SHr. 2.N e. Or roqra fla Beprr.rKanHa oc ce HaHacfl pa-cKopocrra Ha r. /. or Bbpxa
34

atl \ l^
'1"
Qur.2.23
o

.4\

e:

pb
o

ko:36.

0,048

1,728 ms-1

Ir
ua sBeHoro 3

t:+:77,28

radls.

2.A. na ce onpeAe.finr ttJloBara cKopocr t4 :btJloBoro ycKopeHue or naexaHugua ira $ur.2.20 nplt gl:240o, loa:30 mm, tor:10 rad/s. mm, lor:60 "2.15.

[a

ce orpeA,enrr cKopocrra II ycropennero ua roqr<a D

35

o?

2.16. ila ce ottpeAenrr cKopocrra ll ycKopeHniro Ha routca M, ot 6yranoro 2 sa MexaHHsMa Ha poraunoHHa noMna 1$nr. 2.22) npu ?:30", tor:100 radls, lou:50 mm, lna:7A mtn, lAM,-:16 mm.

lae:60

Me,xaHI.r3Ma-Ha

tl'.m,

l4p:120

$uy._2.21 npn ?:150o,

mm.

ror:{0

radfs, lo,r:30. mrh, npu

e

lej=.130 mm, loB:25A $rn, h2:50 mm, ror=B rad/g, .9r:{$o, :40 gadfsz. 2.21. ila ce onpeAeJrfir cKopocrra u ycKopeHnero Ha roura Bo .bIJIOBI4TC
r

CKOPOCTH 14 bI.'IOBHTC YCKOPEHI,Ifl

HA

BCI{TIKH 3BCHA

OT MCXA-

Ql-

gS-aQur.
2.24

\n

2
thsr. 2.27

Qnr.

2.26

Qttr. 2.25
Ogn. 2.28

N{exaHH,sMa

or gr:

2.17. na ce. orpeAerflr cKopocrra r{ ycropeHr.rero sa roqra r( na or: Snr. 2.13, saI.. 2.7 npu r,rf:b iad/s. 2.18, Aa ce onpeAenrr cxopocria r ycKopeHzero Ha geenoro 2 rrp_6_r.runr.rre Mexannslan (Sran. 2.28) npn R:60 mm,O:Or:l0mm,
135o,

2.19. Aa ce oilpeAensr rreHrtptr na xpwntna O, H paArrycbr sa KpuBrrHa^ gMHa rpaeKroptrrrra Ha roqKa M or uexauuswa ($wr.2.24) npK g:45o, lo,c:30 mm, las:50 mm, lsc:40 mm, loc:70 mm,
.AM--6.

tor:

15 rad/s.

r _7, LAB.

KpHBHHa Ha rpaeKToprrflTa Ha roqKa C, xarro I{ .btJroBHTe cKopocrtr Lt arJroBrdre ygKopenrln Ha BCHlrKtr'BBeHa Mexaur.r3Ma (Snr. 2.2b)

2.N. fra ce

olpeAeJrrrr cKopocrra, ycKopeHlrero

pa.{,nyc.br r{a

or

u ycnopJn""."6""u roqxa sa nocot{enoro rroJro}r(eHne Ha rao.rqHo-rrooio"naxonns ra*un"r"" ($nn 2.27) npn or :20 radls, lod:l0O mm, lou:200 mm..2,6. Aa ce oflpeAeJrflr cKopocrra H ycr(opeHnero Ha C ;l lle:(aHHsrrra. or $nr. 2.28 npn ?r :45", 14_ 60 min-I, /oe : Toqxa 150 mm, lf zr:D^U^lxmr 2a- b0 mm ,'l:60 mm, xB:_220 mm, yB:50 mm, tr- -220 mm. 2.24. ffa-ce oflpeAenfir trJroBara cxopocr rr u,rroBoro ycxopeuue uir sBeHpro 5 or ueTaurjsMa Ha Qur.2.29 npu rl:80 mm,io:) 61j, /,,tn:80 mm, hs:40 mm, 14:30 inm, yr:56 mfr, xc: lB5 rfrrn, y": , /l
orpeAenqr cropoiira

rrualra^(,Our. 2.26) npu

2.22,

na ce

or:20

radf s,

loo-l 00 mm,.,l,q a:lac:400mm

.'

36

cropocrra r{ ycyopeqr{ero Ha ro,{Ka 5., l)iuurycr'T Ha KpI4BnHa Ha rpaeKTop[frTa Ha cbulara rolrKar brd'roBara ( r(opocr H 'br.roBoro ycKopeHr4e Ha OSeHOTO 5 0r MexaHfiSMa Ha ot

100 mm. -2.1.5,_Aa ce onpered'rsr

xy,rraca 2.32) npn lon:45mm, l,la-l3bmm, lrc:6Zm6n ^(Snn. /ur:130 mm' lrrtn, foe:250 rad/sz, xo:l 1 mm,-yo:62 mm, ror:100 raO/ . rddlS, er:$00 or:45 npa 6nr. 2.30 9r-90", io"-+AO mri, f cE'.:600 nn, l'ee,:150 mrn, !a:100 mm, xo-30O mm, -_ 2.28. [a ce onpe.{eJrrr oTHocHre.rrHaTa cKopocT oDB Ha TOqKaTa /) cnpauo r. B or MexaHHBMa na @rr.2.33 npll gr:60o; loe:lB0 mm, !o:280lr!fi, h6:150mm, lea:800 mm'

Qw.2.32 tDrr. 2.29 Qnr. 2.30

rrt T,m, lnc:950 mm, tac:250 ffifii, lps:)40 mm, ff:80 mn ^-160 rr-20 rad/s. 2.29. \a ce onpeAeJffr cKopocrra s ycKopeHr{ero Ha ?orrKa D MexaHr,rStM or ABrrraTer c B-brpeuHo ropeHe (Qnr. 2.3a) npH =.:19',-10,{:-60 mm, 146:lsp:tS0 inru,-1"":i60 m}ii, lr"I6b *'o, tii)'', E:60o, arr:2001ad/s.

Qar.

2.31

@rr. ycKopeHl{er9,-1a-1o::u

2.BB

trocoqeHut MexaHH36M (6ur. 2.31), lrJIOBHre CKopocrI'I

yc*op e Hnn
3.9',,?,

2.26. Aa ce onPeAennr cKopocrra I{

?l:mm, hn:60 :: m " f-.?! : mm, v":-45 ".nu*ni -"!*.;; lr; ". ;;tit-.ni, l,:s^0 i;:"iid;;, ^t 2.27. ce noctposr sa i2parnoorcroslrl'rorloxeH,t
t t',:

:.1f

'blJroB

rr"i-r".il /
38

lnarpiunre Ha ciopocrra H ycKope'nerollloqKa x-oanno-MoroBhrKoBHff MexaHI'I36M c JIIoJIeeura or 5 G u"u"oto

Aa

Y.:?:

lca:450 mm, lou:Siliiom-, lor:g7 .,1530 mm, &g:300 mm, ica:450 ',, lJ{)0_mm., ler:975 rnrtn, !u:!r:785 mm, xo:j3b mm.
,, 1530

ir()Bara cKopocr H bTJTOBOTO yCKepeHHe Ha eseHoto 5 0r [ocoqerrr MexaHH36u ($ar.2^.35) npu gr:45o, 300 m mm, h:250 min-l,lor:3Qb

2.30. Aa ce onpeAqnar cKopocrra H ycropeHr{ero

sa roqra U,
-to,

2.31. Ha

MexaHHaMa

or

rreBHara Marrlr.rna(Qrzr. 2.36j aa

ce

oII39

r.

15 radis, Ioe:20 frrfl, l6s:50 mm, lca:150 mm.2.82. Aa ce onpeAeJrar ro.loiffeHnero r{a sBeuoro 3 (nr), aruroBuTe cKopocru sa gBenara 2 a 3, xarro rl brJroBr{Te nM ycxopeunfl npn,
/t
I I

peAensT cKopocfira r{ ycKopeHHero Ha TorrKa

3a g1.1760 ItpH

rol:

d] -f-

"2

oV

Qur. 2.34

<Dnr. 2.35
<Drr.

2.39

<Dnr. 2.{O

cJIeAHsre AaHHH: l6,a:30 mm, ln:9}mm, l6s:60 mm, g:30o, (p1-50$-1 n x6.:80 mm. flpecunraHnsra Aa ce H3BbpIIIar aHanfirHrrHo (Qnr. 2.37).
HCHr.reT

Ia ce ilonax(e Harrrdn (a.rropnrou) sa onppaenffHe Ha f'paBr $a TpaeKro,pHsTa H:a eotrKa M or TBbpAI,tfl TpHbrlj[HHIf AAB&4 (Snr. 2.38) np$ ABHxreHHe Ha roqKnre C u I no Ase AeAe HIf KpuBIt I n 2 c ypaBHenlin fr(x, y):0 u fz(x, -/):0. Pewexue. Axo roqxa M uua KoopA[Harr.r x n y, cJle,u, Br,Be0il,q.aHe Ha 3(p or Qurypara cnerBar SaBI{cHMocrHre
2.31.
O

Qsr.

2.37

x":x4*l Cos p:t-, !p:!e* lsin p:y-a

3auecraanero

xa=x-a.

cos (f

*F),

!e:.!-asin(f
cqs (f +,p) ein (,f +F)

*P),
cos p,

*l

+l

sin

p.

:0

Ha Ir:)paBHTe ga x,s,n

n reoq t? xB

la

a fz@,

y):0

!.a B AaAeHoro
eoAtr" Ao

ypaBHeHHe

fr(x, y):

Onr. 2.36

Jy-a sin (y*p)+/sin pl: g. CaeA e"ruunfir.rpaHe Ha napaMertpa p qe ce nonyqn ypaBueHnero Ha rtpceHara KpuBa -g(x, -y):0" 2.34. Ea ce orpeAerru rpaeKropLreffa Ha roqKa zll or eauficorpaQ-

ftlx-acos(ytpl-l

ftlx-acos (y*F), y-asin (r+P)l:0,

cos B,

Hns Mexanr.reru (QHr. 2.39). Peweuae. flparure, rro Kouro ce ABH)Kar roqrnre
cborrBeTHo ypaBrleHnff

<Dnr. 2.38

C ?I3pa3I{Te

n -lr:0, nopaAH KoeTo cJre,u, SaMecTBalIe' 3A X4 !e, Xs *I )lB or npeAHaTa 3aAaqa Ce flonyqaB&

x:0

/ n

B,

urv,ar

x-n
3a
sin

cos

(r+p):0,

p lr cos p cre4nar Hopasflre

- asin(r+ls)+l sin p: g.

40

an {t.x-

,inp

:-3#if:f.,

cosP

:/3:!ffi$fl:l'

a r(aro ce HsnorsyBa aa erruttHl'IpaHe ua p eplsrara sin2p+costp-1' ce noJlyqaFa ypaBHeHLIero Ha Kpilaa (en'rnca) or Bropa crenen:

Ox

HeHKfl CnpflMO

u 4n$epenqHpaHe Ha l43pa3nre (91 :to1, ?2-oz, 9s .Oy :@a, 9l:o+, a:os) cJIeABa anHefinara cHcreMa or rrerltpil ypaB(O11 (t3,
H
tr.l4

Cne.u, npoerrllpaHe Ha KoHrypl{re

OABDF n.OACEF.Btpxy ocltre

lI

to6!

ya

Qur.

2.41

x2

* y2 a2 - xy2a lsin "J - aa + 2as lcos y - a2 12 cos : 0, ToraBa ce nonyqaBa oKpaxHocr' Axo a--112, 'ce T:0, onpeAeJlqr norox(eHsero Ha r. B or 3Benoro A cxq 2.35. Aa pocrra H ycKopeHneto il, KaKTo Il br/IoBara cKopocT Ha eeenoro 2 npu cae4nnre AaHHll: loe:35 mffi, -/r:O r:30 mm, g:60o, tor:60 s-1. flpecunraunRra Aa ce Horbpular no aHaJIHTHTIeH nbT (Qnr. 2.40). " 2.36. Aa ce c'bcrabflr ypaBHennqra 3-a, onPeAeJIsHe Ha QynrqnnTa Ha noJroxeHHero IIa MexaHnsrvra 96:/(9t) n ypaBHeHHflTa 3a on(a2

Qnr.2.12

+ Zalcos 1 *

t2)

^1

lll,,rinq, cosg,
ill,,

peAensne Ha cKopocrnre Ha sBeHara uy (Qur. 2.11). ' Pewenue. Kaio ce lnnonsyBar o3naqeHnsra or $nrypara, uoxe NA CC HANHIIIC:

lll,icos(n+ir) 0l.cos 9t-tocos(16+c),1 lltooll ll-4cosrrtorli Peuresneto Ha raBH cHcreMa Moll(e Aa ce I'IsBbpIIru qpe3 EI4Mce onpe,q,enn aHarnrnquo Qynrqnnra Ha rloto)I{ennero 2.37. Ha ror{Ka D or rrlexanl{3Ma B 3aA- 2.5 (Snr- 2J1). il rpaeKropnflra ^a 2.g9. Aa ce onpeAenl{ aHaJII'IrIIqHo rpecKropuf,Ta Ha roqxa M ta MexanrraMa or oa4. 2.6 (Qm. 2.12). 2.39. Aa ce onpeAenflr BCHTIKIT MI-IP sa KonflHo'MoroBlttlxoBnfi
McxaHHBbM

0 Islsinor ll ll'rll il-1, 'ine,,,ll 0-J6scosc . ll.lltr l-il-J1cos 91o1j ll/4sln(rzf?r) 01. singa trrsin(16*a).ll ll..il-lf -l' sin91o1
t3sine,
Iscos 9t

xB:

xl:licosqi+lir.o.

lrcos

91

*lzr

Cos

rp21

1Yr+vz), -/c:lrsin

!a-

It sin g1 *lzrs.fn gz,

gr

+r2rsin (Tr*9r),

f,zr:lo-Jrr CoS a' xe:lt-lwcos (16*a),

B cnra ca H gaBHcHMocrHTe

Yo:/6Pina' !e:lszsin (15 *c). , h: i @ E-, xil,Ta

'CreA CtOrBeTHo AaMeCTBaHe Ce [OnyqaBa CIICTeMA oT ABe TpaHCIIeAeHTHH ypaBIIeHHf, CnpflMO 4 t4 py T. E. {lr-I6- cos a-11 cos p1-121 cos g2)2 *(i61 sin a-11 sin 9r-lusin 9r)z: J! [16-I6rcos (fr +a)-ficos 91-121cos (y2* vz)lt t

tr: Jffi

y-t&

or Qur. 2.42. Peutenue. Mouenrnnre qeHTpH Ha poralltrfl P1s, Pzt n Pn ca H3IrecrHH u ce HaMHpar cborBerHo B TotIKHte o, A u B. l4cBecTeB e rteHr6p6T Po3, rofiro e 6esrparlno orAaJleqeH lto npaoa' nepnenAftHa nJrb3raulaTa ABoItua MexAy 3BeHaTt r(yJ'rrrDHa Ha HanpaBJIeHneTo -Pzo ll" , 3. Tocrara e [peceqHara roqKa Ha npaBgre PtoPn m PxsPxy (: r,ruracno reopeMara 3a rplrre MoMeHTHlr. IleHTpI{ Ha porallllff. Anaao' r'flquo rlenTtptr P1s e npeceqHa roqra Ha npaBlrre PrcPo" u P21Ps2. 2.4O. Ea ce r{aMepl{ qeHTbpar P2o u npeAaBareJlHoro orHOIIreHHe i,,
Ha nexaHl{sMa or Qnr. 2.43. Pewenwe. I-[eutlplr P2o ce HaMnpa Karo npeceqHa rOrIKa upaonre ProP* n P.drP2s. 3a i12 cne4Ba orHollreul{ero
Ha

f [/5rsin (y6*u)-hsin 91-122 sinys*9)]':li, iosto Mor(e Aa ce pelrru npn I'IsnotsyBaHe Ha EI'IM.

: rr2: 0t

PZoPt,

u,2:Flpo'
43

42

2.42. ,{a onpeAenffr"MoMeHTHare rleHrprr fia porarl}tff _ xaHlBMa or .ce 2.45 u npeAaBaren"oro

Tbfi Karo roJIeMHHara Ha c#opocrra Ha r. P11 e ul1 ffip:u,2Pffis' 2.4t. ila ce HaMepflr pcHrIKH MUP tt npe'u,aBarex[oro o?HoureHHe ot 6gr. 2.44. irr - Hfl MexflHIIBMa fuutenue. I-leHrtptr Pzr ce HaMI'Ipa Karo npecerlHa roqKa Ha Hop-

QHr. PewenuL" Ttii xaro

orkbrue"ne

H8

M.

irn.

trr:ff:ffi,

Osr.

2.43

Qur.

2.4S

e Aa ce onpe/IeJrsr qeHrpr{re pto, pno v pu. Or ypaen. (tl"B) caeana, qe o6ulurr 6porl na MI_lp sa MexaH;anra 15. g&"*" f(eHrpI,I Morar Aa ce uoApeAflT B cneAHaTa TpHbrbnHa ra'nntla:
lco6xoAr.ruo

ii

&'

Po,

&

Pot.
Pl

Pou

ry

Prg

Ps

%Prnfu
fY
Pae

Lou
I

--f

llo^qeprannre ueH-rpn ca r,rgBecrHu or cxeMara Ha MexaHrr3ua. ocrar;rrrt{re MUP, neo6xoAunan 3a npecMrraHero Ha irr, ce *aro ilpccelrHr{ TorrKr.r Ha c.borBerHu ,u,eoilxn npaBrz n c,re4Han "u*rp", pe4:

do
@st. 2.44 MaJrara

F;W
Pztl Pnt

P,,

nn liTM nposu;ra Ya I s r. B u npaBara

3a npegauareilHoro ornolxeHae

i^ ce nolyuaea
P1sP21, rn.

PnPzo ($vtr.2"44 a)-

inr:#
orHoclrreJlHn MI-IP.
4:4

Ha qeHTpHTe For, pr+ u prn ua @nrypara noKaBBa (/)'n e lrenrH orceqKara Po.,p*), ve ir.)0. 2,43. Aa ce onpe,[,enffr rleHrporrAr.rre Ha k.bctrre sBe'a or Mexa_ ruilMa Ha anrnnapanenorpaMa (AD:76, AE:CD*t_$ur.
2.46).

):nnofioN<euqeTo f

Ha Sur.

2.44

6 e nora3aH

3aMeHtlltlufir Mgxaul'l3rtM

HCIOBI4TE

{5

Ha ce ueHTpol{Anre B orHocuTenHoro ABnxeHI'e Ha O u 2,'r. e. trenoAslaxHara H noABI'IlI(Hara --u^eH::P:H'u'a reoMerpltq' Karo ronvqar ilre "".ruru sBeHoro 2. Teeu q.nipo"a" (rpunu) .ce s"enoto A n B paBHo Mqcro na r. P2s B paBHHHara na crotixa'a-:

Peweruue.

Tlpcnr

2.44. Ia ce onpeAenar MoMeHrHHre rIeHrpH Ha poraqufl H npcAamrennoro orxorrreHne 16 Ha MexaHn3Ma or san 2.6 ($un 2.f2). 2.45. Aa ce onpeAern _ cKopocrra Ha BBeHoro d .rpid MUp ; MexaHr{BMa or saA. 2.23 (Sur. 2.28). 2.46. Aa ce HaMepsr qenTponAnre Ha BBeHoro 2 ua MexaHHgMa or Qn1 2.!7 (R:+0 mm, O,4:100 mm). 2.47. Aa ce Haqepraflr noABltxna'ra- u nenoABHXHara ueurponAa Ha sBeHoro 2 or uexaur.rsMa B sag. 2.39 (eur. 2.a\.

Qur. 2 46

Qur.2.47 Hranara

:^Xotp-111" ^:l:.:,:"i:ff rrfi xaro AApD. 3= il;;;"*t*. LaDP:' Ho roraBa ^\ ^cPP^(ryi'-"^t:::" ;-BA2;jbcB" li ffiilffiilfi." ilfi;l TFro:ProB' Ho rsfi xaro

na eoesoro 2. Ha $rlryiatu
'

-.6CBP2. If cporBerno
1

: IF rn pffi : 4 n ro +$-oD :
Ha na pa.crosHl.n'

GIIeABa, SII488,

r. D ;;fr-;''i.A J :":1?,^:{.Y.ij,5tl"#li'i r' " ilflifrii^I;f ;# #'ffi; .i;;;iu-; urapi"'np"r''e Asonqn

n
C,gB. 46 17

rle a qe ApH

BCflKO nO'IIO)I(eHfie

coo st, MexaHngMa TOIIKaTa

P'o Ce I

PETA f JIABA
JrH3Hpasara 3aBucaMocr [e1 (g)] la MHHaBa rrpe3 Tex. ilo roeu Haqrilr ycnoBuero Ha 8l{8qaTa Clr cBexAa AO CJteAI{oTO: Aa ce l.l3B1,ptxl.I CI4HTe3}r raxa, qe na saBbPtaHe ila 3BeHOTO 1 ra rr:s,r cp12 SBeHoTo 3 na ce 3aB'bprr4 Ha 1,16r a12, H& 3aBapT&He p23 3BHOTO 3 Aa Ce saBbpTH HA a2|1 H T. rI. 3aAaqara e pefirfiMa qO neT CACeAf,IT

cHHtE3tIAtlIAPHlIPtlo-JIocToBlIMExAtttl3lvl}l

8.1. ocHoBHn SALAqI{ HA CIIHTESA feolterpRwnrrcria?esHallepHl'lpHo-JtocroBnreMexaBssMHo6xsauaperr-rua -Tyr ce pasriexa*-_cavo.'De ocItoBIrI{ or rtl-c'nrcB s. err"*6pi.[*;;;;"r. Meranurufr x cuntcs Ha npeAaBatennu MexaHll3utl' fianpaarinaruu - - 'npo Ba paBHIlHt cu[Tega na trufr"n""aun uerius'a,uu-,e 3atra'[euo aBHxeHIIe (oilro reo'erpsqecKg npr'rgyxgsBa PeBnsHaTt ltJtR roqKa s Ce rbpcn J'ui""n."*,

6,

@ur. 3.2

<Dsr.3.l

aBltxu rlo snx roqrata aa ce ";;;:;;"

H
H

ce 3aMeHs c HenpeKbcHaro "o aBrl:e_Hne ;#Jilfr:ffi"" (cbcealr[ l. Y.'. -*i I ffi i:'ii; #ff '' t-: ' (* cesuu usnvdcnn" r ' no,ro xe dr{ au nonoxeHHg ll. I inoioxenu" ."";:l:'. (21. 2* . , . - np""orrranur)noaBlr,xHaqlui":-.1^1.*:i]-o-t "l*::t a"aaa"g ^(:li:*:" l;o"nq.a nABC.. xofiro ocrt".r" :::i?.li#";;#"1#y""$':::*"1*rin:,,:lll"".f#:"*3*f :id"H:rffi il PHI,tP

3aaaqeHnn

tryI-:^-l:A:9::,,:3:^:i';t"6*T"J"tX"*:
or,(erHH AIrcKPer'

?nr.
iroJrs)lieHilff;

3.3 [Iorxox(eHl'19' Penrenn npnMepH oT To3ii

;il;il ;&;i'" * " -' u'l- l.': " :" "il:-'," l' f :^::l': "i?t1f 'fff; lv"o;'"i,#il:#il;;,;;;il-;-:."..rg:y,-*:::^'*Ti:T,Ti,"#:ll.T"l;:: 'n-o*."1" ff lJ:Tff ";:T.p;;;;";;;-'i"'o'i".'-49^"11.::"t'\:i:10-.'iY-1'T' 3'r 3'2 ce rJrJYanr
t FfX#"; rHqer
c?pHpa orucaBsnr noAxo,(

nocrurHe nph'"'i"11..Y.:.:."::::,.:::"6i:"#: iiT ;;,Lu.", "" i';;;&fi;-;1P-'.Yllpj:.^L1-sji,;33"'"ff o,""1'li.Hil;""".'TJfi :T#,1;; :sr!rr,!ru!r OT TO3II BIIA-IIOCpeACTBoM uaPnnPtB 3aAArIaH"'".i"iil-"iipiitreor'''rap'npd'Y1313.:"iitr':: ;'#ffi *ffi nI,JrlHa (qi.- f,l'inoto peure,nue-:-::t"o3:?:-":p"t:::::"#

rlpu cuHresa

ff;;l;Tffi*;; ' "' "'^;;;'p.r^urn" noAo6au npo6lenu. sa i1:o:1:'-l^':ff:" t" !:y-_T":-:i:,j:::":"'-"i;;,","' o" ce
toorloor

B nocoqesare ABe ocrroBHlt 3aAaqil peueHl'iero cbAtpxa usdupaevu {nporas'r,.rHu) nap.aMerprt, T. e. 3alaqara e neoilpAe"tega, KaKTo cneAeai IIpI{ ,age c}ceArrii roflox(eHaff peItJeHutra ca oc6, T. e, HanHIIe ca 6 rzs6apaerun rlapaMerbpa, npu rl) cl'ce4grl [onoxeuitff pelxenvtra ca -4, T. e.. HanI4IIe ca 4 tls5upaeuu napafileI r i 1, npH qerripu norolKeHl{ff perueHl'tsra ca co2 (Aua as6xpaeua napavetlpa) N i| rr ireTcBceAHr4 no.[oxeHus pemegHRTa ca KpaeH 6pofi" Csgregrr nd to,q I.t xceQaulres'r na npousBo.4flTerHocr ce cBexla Ao IlpoeKTH1l(
.riir Ha rrpeAaBareneH MexaHHSl,M nO ABe IIOISXeHIIS C .qoft6nHHre,'It{oTo yclroBHe, li:3r.I noJ'oxeHafl ca M6pTBH, T. e. Te OlpaHHrIaBaT xoAa Ha I{3tr6JIHHTe,'IHOTO 3Ber,' (ipur. 3.3). Koei[uuaeuTbr fla npolt3aoAurensoct & ce H3pa3sBa c orliolueHrleTo
lr

TyK Ce OfpaHEqaBar4e Ao TpIi rrrr c.r rroraganll B saaaql{ 3.3 u 3,4.

3anaresa 3aB'cuMocr

;:.?#ffi";.ffi;il^;.;.
48

i:;:l$ff

"-" ;;ili-,,o*",)'l-i:y:":^.iq:g,T::.jlj*;",T:u:lil":"*T"l."S; xpuoira, nce u3BlplrrBd c,nr3rdx.r e

t.,i
I -ir 31 sJ,pccBo

kI n ;r-FD pe'cn. D::trrr k:^'ytil :_ '" ! ^,

f,PoexTHPaHe

L ^

49

xs,qero gp n

g*

ca brrntc, xor4ro otroBapar na pa6ornns g cso6o,qHus xo,[ Hil Bo-

AeIIIOTO SBeHO-

vexaHs3ua. l4enoasynanero saaaqt 3.5.

llpn potaqr{f c nocrosEHa

na xoeQuunenri sa npollsBoalnenf,ocT e noKasafo

cKopocT; D

e reouerpnuHuffT napaMeTap H&

B.

II]apnltpea qertrpHsleuun&, xotrro He y,qonaerBopsBa llocoqen[?e ycJtonuf, c gayxo6u.lxven. TosH MexaHB3aM ce flonyqaBa or npelnlllHltre qp3 uHBepcHt, npg l(oflTo 3BeHoro, saMupauo ce cpeuy iaa-ManKoro IIo [ttx(ItHa 3Beno, craBa croftKa ({nr. 3.4 Bl, vrn e MexaHH3aM, nps Kofiro Bcrra ltuBepcttt Bo,qu cauo no.[ByI(o'
6s.nuq':n

rtn (gnr. 3.4 e). IIpu xo,naho-uoroBlrrxoBrrc MixaxssaM ($nr. 3.5) yctoBxero 3a npeBap?are *c

ce

3.2. CBE.IEHHq OT TEOMETPII'ITA HA MEXAHH3MI,ITE

HeonpereaeuofiTa B penrerrero Ha sa.uaqu c ycronrasra or roqra 3.1,-t. e. gatxrllleTo ua us6upaexu napaMeTpn AaBa B'b3Moxrioct npu reoMeTpaqBxs cHfires tra ce yaornerBoptBar rrsKou aorlbnnt{Te[Fn r@xerpgqgu HstrcxBanr.tq. Taxnea

rar Aa ottrar

;DHeTO

3a OrpS8lrraBaHe

EanplrMep ycroBHeTo sa rrpeBapraBe Ha 3Bena Ha MexaHu3Ma

ta

r.r

roJreMuBaTa

rla rrara Ea

npe,4aBaHe Ea cuJraTa.

\
----o

Ao

\.-

v-'
?

Ao

r.--

Our. 3.4
Ha Qur. 3.4 a e rora3au IxapHHpeH qerlrpn3BegHl'tr c Haqarno seeRo / u r, l, R, d. Mexana3Mar ce osHaqaBa karo Korl - nrlso npeBapraHe, a ?BeEoro 3 onncea onpe! xoxo.6Hllrqes, aKo SBefloro ,l sva teH brnoB xoA (He nperlpra). Toea e er:uoxrio,'axo Ilt'Jlxnxata Ha sBeHo'ro 1 Hafi-Matxa B r|exallHgMt L cyilara or uet tr .qrrxflHara Ha H8fi-Atnroro or apyll, TpB 3BeHe e no-ManKa or cyMara Ha alnxuHara Ha ocraHaJrrrre ABe 3BeHa.
o3uaqenh ,qaJIxHHU Ha 3BeHara
a c

Qsr. 3.7
cnelr(na Ao HepaBeHcrBoro

Ha cu,'raTa e reoMerpuqeH napaMerap, ce cxrloqBa itHpa clrJroBoro lloBeaeHue Ha MexaHH3Ma. Tosu

xonuuo

r{d. -btrarr Ha rrpeAaBaHe r

r{L-e,

a npx xynucultq MexaHIr3bM (Sur.3.6) e aeo6-

'br
:la
@nr. 3.5

cKopocrra Ha 'lollxara, g xoirro aefcroyea (raro roura or 3aArruqra Ha cnnara 19)KBaEoro 3BeHo). f]o-ao6pu MexaHHqHu KaqecrBa l]parexaBar MxitHlt3MHT c IIoMrJrKu arrfi Ha nperaBaHe Ea clt.qara. 3a Mexan]rsvllTe Ha +r'rl. 3.7 e norasaH Ha npeaaBarre Ha cvnaTa 823 npll Boaeqo gseHO 1 H HeHaroBapeHo 3BeHo 2. Kax3aBficH or rloJ'loxeHl{ero Ha Boaeulolo ro ce Br,rxaa, 0 e npolteuluBa BeJInquHa e MaKCIrMareH. ;rtteUO. tlaii-6,'tarollpgtTHE nOrOxeHHr Ca OHe3u, OpL KOHTO rrr,r

trrr

xofiTo xaparrepnMeIKI! HanpaB.le-

trt-

MexaHr.r3Mr4re

or $nr.3.7 rona ca

nonoxeHgsTa, npH xol'lro

0 r. A:Ao.

Qur.

$.6

xanggMa H cyMara or f,es e saft-torsMara tranxHHA or .[pyrure rpu 3Bega .4a e no' Matra or cyMara Ha ,4bnxI.tHBTe Ha ocra8atqre ..,!Fe 3BeHa. Taxlg . nexaRsgav MOrAI Aa Ce nonyqu or npeaulxHltf qpe3 flHBepclil cIIpflMo BaqanHoTo 3BeEo.

u 3, e seo6xotrl.luo ($ur.

3a

.na

6tae

MeraHH3Mar aByKorqgoB, T,

e. 3a aa flpeBtprar HanGrFo

3A,II.AqN KbM TPETA TIABA

3BeHara

3.4 d-) croftrarr d Aa uua safi-naaarara Aln)t(HHi! B H'

3.1.

3aaa,qeHr{
BBeHo

qerLtpH3BeHHHK, KOfiTO OC'bIrIeCTBflBa McpHre Ha SBeHara Ha rxapHllpeH

bt

nfrxHoro

(Sur. 3.8)

ca rpn noJloxeHl{fl Ha orcerlKara AB or

AlBy AzBz H AsBs. Aa ce

no,q-

HaMepar pa3-

50

gpeMHHaBaHe no,'IoE(eHlilfi.
.u,Bor.rrlH

Ha

SBeHOTO

C6C CJIO)I(HO .iI,BIl){{eHI'Ie npe3

SaAaAeHH

Pewenue. tr4e6upaue roqKnre

Me)r{Ay MoToBHJII{ara

A u B 3a I{eHrpl'I Ha IIIapHLIpH14 AB u sBeHara c npocro 4enxenne (

Es. tr4z6npa ce npouaBonHo npaBara b-b H ce HaHacfi npoltsl lrolno ne6paHa OTCeqKa fB or MoToBHJIKaTa Ha KoJIflHo-MOToBuJrKo' lur MexaHH3'bM B rpure ir noJlolr(eHllfi: ElBt, E2B2n EsBs. Axo eAH*

li, u

Peutenue, PeanwsupAr ce rplr ue6pann

roqKl

or

KpuBara

Er,

rl
t i!

@sr. 3.8

rar

Aa ce ne6epar II Apyrfi roqKll' HenoABHX(Ho cBtp3aHH L{eHrprlre O u C s,a oKpb)fiHocrlrre ce HaMIIpar' Karo Ha u Artrs, pecn. BtB2 B2Bs, ce rpeKapar cumetpaln' I-[e n^r" HaMnpaHero I To.IKI'I H c HaMHpaHero npeceqHnTe HM Totil(u,H ToI{Te O w C cr,BnaAar c npeceqHHTe TpI{Te ce oirpeAeJrflr IrIapHHpHHrr r{erLtpIl3BeHHI{K OABC.

ffi,

L{errpasBeHIIH MexaHH3MH, KoHTo Molar Aa peann3l'Ipar cr,III TpH noJIo)KeHI,Ifl Ha MoroBHJIKara, ca reoperl'IqecKn oo4, Tbii K nporasao,ruo ue6paHure ror{Kn A u B B paBHrlHara Ha MoToBHJI ce onpeAennr c qerllppl napaMerbpa. flocpe4ctaolu Bapupane Ha I-l 6paunie ilapaMerpl{ Morar Aa ce BaAoBoJrnr H Apyrn yc"rronun ( npeB'bpraue, Ba onrnManeH rrtn 0 n ap.).

..
tfo(rporrBaHe

Qsr. 3.10

B TOr{Ka .4n, C,neA rpllbrbr'IHli(m 1ArB1Et,. /',A28,rt2n A,jE3Ee, qpeg npel(apt,aue l;it currerpaJll4Te Ha orceqxxre .4rC, u ,.'1,,.-:i" ce noflyqaBa roqxa O- Fleno,u,El4)iillllfiT u,elirt'p fla l(odrgHoro" I I r d:nrypara r:bpceHIlfiT I{oJlu}lo-'riloroBltJKoB \{exaFI.I43'ul{ e HaqepraFl !r ri'bpBo iroJlox{eHHe. cne'A rcna lpt6ea .la ce fiocTpoH qpeS I{tlKOntiltrrT noABrl)KeH llJap]lllp Ha etoTOBIlr-lKaTa Ce IaSSepe

Ha

eAFIal{B?lTe

Ha \{eXaHI'l3Ma pee,'Ill3l'ipaHaTa TpaeKTOpI]f; I{a JTHHLIfi Ha @Hrrrpara). B o6ui{x c.nyuaii lntexlrv SAAaXeFraTa r{ pea.rrli3ilpaiiaTa TpaeKTo{llig il{e I'iN{a paSJIHKa' KoflTo \l())r{e Aa ce Hat{aJrlr upee ae50p Ha Apyfa rouKi{.Eor rpae'rroplisra (rl'leprrorraqr4oHuu ,E'b3.ru), KaKTo ?1 qpe3 BapxlpaHe Ha npofi3BoJltlo n :',jianr4re flapaMerpr4 {norcara b- D, ori'eqnrrn fB [4 l.p.). l({)
C'}trCeAHLl IlOr'IO}KeHlifl

1,rrrir6

(npex'acnaHara

.Dur. 3'9
KOB MexaHi{ebM 3a HanpaBJIgEaHe Ha

3.2. 3alaaeHa e KpHBara fE. Aa ce cuirtee'pa Kontlno-Mo roqKa oT paBHI',{HaTa HA 3.9). ($nr. KpHBa tslrJrKara IIo BaAaAeHara
52

r;ulbprflH H3 Hari0JtHoro eeeHo / Ha 'blJI{ g*:t}5' LI fre:75" ue' ur,ii{lureJrHoro eserio 3 ce gaB'irora c:borBerHo Ha 6IJII{ qn:2A" u
dL.}

3.3. fra ce flpoexrlapa $;rpHIIpeH

qerI4pI43BeHHHx,

e rofilo_

npn

rD

dre:36o. fllpnoro floJroxeHne Ha SBeHoro 3 e orpe4e.rleHo otl'r,rl.rt dt:70o. Peutexlte. Haueprana ce ($ur. 3.10) crofrrara c us6paua A'bJIil<Hua OC':d:70 mm. Orpe4errr ce ToqKHTe C' u C" up3 .brxaro.p11r

B, u B'1, xaro OBr:OB, z OBa:OB;.

i{ra orcerrKlrrc

ArA;" fi;, Korrro ce. flpecHqar B TbpceHaTa roqKa 'At' Ha $'rrypara Mexarr,sMT,r e HaqepraH B nbpBoro cH rrono)r(eHrre.

.flpexapBaT ce csMerparrgre

Qar. 3.12
@sr. 3.i
1

V$ H d. Wz6vpa ce CB:R:70 mm H ce onpe.lerlflr

noJIolKeHI4Era

as:&rnarr. Hpes r. C' tt C" lr paSuepa Ha R ce Haunpar roqKnre m E, (t. e. no,ro:'i{eHr.rslra Ha r. 82 rt Bs, 3aBbpreHH c'borBerHo na grz tr gra). flperapear ce cl4:\,flerpannre I{a orceqKltre etn, u S',gJ 'ce ionpege.ufi fipeceqHara IrM roqKa Ar; r{eraptlbrbnHuKr,T " orroBapn Ha nbpBoro nod'rolKeHue Ha rbpceHufl NIexaHII3bM. OABp

TO{KHTe 81, 82 U Bs, KaTO Ce I43tlO,'i3yBaT 'bfJII'lTe a'1; d,2:d'1*e12

B,

B- ugxon c,'r-vqan B yc,'toBnero ce 3aAaBa croiiuocrta Ha 'brt,,'t gt. nocrnraHe na ro'Ba t{3r{cKBaHe lrpq nor{agaHl,rfl FIaqtaH Ha cHHTeB ce 3aAaBaT rrocneAoBared'lHo HtiKoJ'iro crorluoctfi Ha R-BC. Taxa ce nod'lyqaBaT r.r r]fiKo"{Ko ToqKI,I A1, T. e. fioryqaBa ce leoMerpuqHo Mfiaro (KpHBa) 3a rorrxa A. flpeceuHara roql{a Ha rasn Kpr4Ba c npaBa, fiper{apaHa noA 6r'b,1 91 Cnpflr'lo ocra oc, e Ta,pceliaTa rovxa 41. 3.4. Aa ce npoeKTI{pa KoJrffIIo-MoroBI,tJiKoB MexaHH3T,M, trpl,r He 3aB:bpraHe Ha Har{arHoTo 3BeH0 r-ra 61,'IIl grz:30o H ?ra:60' niir,3-

rrapaMer.bpa rar rorrKara Ar u{e onarle Kprr. reoMerpuqno MflcTo Ha 41 npn pa3,,rnqHn xu,. Arco ce rbpcu l)erreHrre cbc SaAaAeH GrbJr gr, npeceqHara roqKa Ha TaSH Kpr{Ba C ilpaBaTa, npeKapaHa loA r,run ?1 cflpffNlC Xoprr3OHTaJiaTa, OnpeAeng rroJrolt{eHr.rero ua r. 4r. qerr.rpl{BBeHHuK no 3aAaAeH Koe, 3.5. ffa ce npoer{rnpa uapHr.rpeH -k rJlrrqrreur na npousBoAr.rre,rsoir :1,5, L.noe xoA ga ro6a,ruqata "1,:60" H A6,'rli(r.rHara Ha ctu{ara e:gg *rn. Peruenue. fipecunra ce D:1gg !l:l:36o. HaqepraBar ce (Qur.
rra

flpri napnpaire Ha

1,r +. ,

3:

e:g3 n orceqKaTa B,B, ,lr. I4suepraua ce oKpl)riHocrra fr, Korro ]cA muHaBa rrpe3 Torrxr.rre B', E" v. L. Toqra L ce aanrrepa KaTo npeceq_ ua rorrKa Ha npaBara npes B', npeKapaHa noA .brbr,r crrpflMo
'Irl)e3 rr3BecrHnfl 'brJroB

.1.i2) Asere norox(?Hi;.q H-i xodrr.rrrrlara

!-a

-,

raqrr 3 ce

cflT ce [o/Io]KeHHfITa na rouNa B, Karo ce wa6upa npor.r3Bo,'rHo pa3CToflHHeTo Xu, nonyr{aBaT Ce T3TIKI'ITe 81, 'Bz w Bt (e Cnyqaq e [Ipuero xu.:100 rum). flpev.apBar ce AorI{pareJiHI'I K'bN{ oxpt'}KHocrcrlpflMo xopllTA C I{eHT.bp o 14 pan,uyc e ila!, brrlltr - ?tz w -pts S0HTa,lrara (nrprara 'rairreura), B'bpxy Kor.rro ce Hal{acfIT roqKHre
54

ce rorlKa A (SHr. 3.11), CKCIIEHTPHIIHT e:10 rnm u ilkrHt4F,Ta, rro r(oflro ce ABHir(tI r. B or gBeHoro 3. HauaFettrcruue. tr4e6vpar

:40

npeMecrBa crlorBerHo Ha pa3crofHirtr

sn:20 mm l.t s,r=i

'

mm"

r: , B'D. Llauepranar ce ,naere xpafiHr.r rroJroixeulrfi rra h{e_ \iiirr.{3rra n OA,'8,C,. -AA'E'C Mexar{il3bM IJ tror'l-vrJCHHr cc orrlHTa r:Oa:30 lnn:, L:AB: "-Lt7 irrm v, d:oe :68 mrn. Haqannoro eseHo 1 Ha MexaHaBMa r{Ma !rl.,'i.r{o. .lpeBbpraHe, rbr"i r{aro or L:ma:i(d, l, ll):g7 mil cr,reABa
{.'!:JEa

Bi 8a' w npaBara npes ^8", neprreHAuKynnpua Ha xopAara 8,8,,. l4s6ul)ir ce npoH3ilo.rr{o roqna O Bbpxy oKpb)l(Hocrra k v, ce o[peAenflT l)aiilreprire r w e qpe3 paBeHcrBOrO oB,_oB" :2t; ot B,D:27
I

' | !<,c/-" R (1 17< 148). ii.6. ,[,.a ce tlpoeKTnpa urapunpeH Lrerflpri3seHHrrK, e i<oirro

upu 55

3atsl,pTaHe Ha 3BeHOTO .l Ua lrar grz:90o lrSnb,rrHHTeJrHoTo SBeFro Ce 3aB'bpTa Ha GTT,JI drz:3Oo. fltpeOro IIOJI9IKeHHe Ha geeHara 1 w 3 ce onpeAenfi c brdrrtTe gr:30o kt ar: SQo. Haqa.rinoro geeuo 7

LIETB'bPTA fJIABA
I' :bP

6I{qHI,I MEXAH I43M}I

IrJrbStaqbT ce npeMecTBa c'boTBeTHO rra paScTofHr.rfl srz .- 90 nrrn srr:1,15 mm, .lcp :180 rnm. Ha.la.llnoro 3gelio Ha MexaHH3Ma lpt6na 'Dl

3 Ce SaBbpra CbOTBeTHo Ha 6rnfl arz:30 A fhpeoro noJloxeHr{e Ha gseHo 3 ce onpeAenrr or :brb,'ra at:45o; d:150 mm, ft:80 mm. 3.8. na ce npoeKTupa KoJrflFro-MoroBt4,'rKoB MexaHH3bM npu grro :120', srz:80 mm. flpn llbpBoro noJro)KeHl{e Ha Mexaur,rgMa ro ra B e orAa,rrerreHa or roqKara O ua pascroffHr.rrr 130 mm, a 3Beiicro' 1 cr<nrcqea bt'br ?1 :45o c xopuaoura,rHala oc. 3.9. Aa ce [poeKTr4pa Ko/rffHo-MorotsI4JrKoB MexaHHB]Nr, e xofi nplr 3aB'bpraFre Ha Haqa,rHoro ggeuo ,1 Ha r,rd'Iri grz:60" n ?1s:90o
II'br'rHHTeJrHoTO SAeUO

lpr6ea Aa npeBbpra Han'bJIHo: d:100 mm. 3.7. Aa ce npoeKrzpa rrlapHr.rpen qernpnsBeHrrr{K, o xorlro npw gaBt'praHe Ha Haqa.rrHoTo geeHo .1 Ha 6rJrH glr:60o v grs:110o ua-

dra:SOo.

4"I. UTIKJIONPAMA HA ABH}I{EH'PIETO

oflpe[eneHl{ OIIepaqHH. 3a nparH"luo npoTl4qaHe sa Oa66r.ngg np6qeg e geO6XO,qUVO IBIrx{eHHgTa Ha H3n}JIHgTenH111g eaera Aa 6l4ar
TeJTHH MeXaHu3MIt, KOHTO S3B6prrIBaT

cteperucnuure Maui{Hn c ul|I<xrt$Ho Aeftcreue cbaapxa" no tro BpeMe (cr'ruxpouusr'rpann).

HflKOJIKO I{3n.bnHfi-'

na MamHHa ce Hap[qa BpeMero 7.*, cler u3THqaH Ha Koero gBeu& Ha MexaHI'I3MHTe ce Bp:blrlar D HSxorHo GonoxeHge' B rosa BpeMe ce scHqKH 3BeHa' BKJtIOqBaT pa6OrnUre u CeO6O.qHItre ABI{Xe-HI,Ifi 14 npeCTOHTe Ha U3[a,'ltlI{TeJIHHre 'Io orrosapr Ha eAHH I'I'[]t HflKo,rIKo o6opora *a saAeaxeaUIul na;r (eo,ueuoto aseno). Pa'omeu u/t1K6n Ha &a/ierTa MarrruHa e BpeMero IO, ca,eA Koero 3an0q8a o6pa6Or'

"rriacytu"" Kiueilamurre;t.4urdn

Aa npeB'bpra HarrbirHo. 3.10. Aa ce olpeAe,rflr pa3Mepure Ha rxapHr4pHllfr r{err4pneBeH aKO Ca 3aJda!,eHH IIO Tplr CbOTBTHLI' nOJIO)KeHHtl Ha KOJIflHOTO ?I KO* 6utllqara qpeg 'btJIIlT gr:30o, gz-730, ga: tr00o,, c{r:60o, dz:'/5t' t4 a.sa90". Ia ce nprleMe d:\20 mm n R:80mrn. 3. 11. Aa ce cllHre3&rpa uapHupeH qerupr.r3ffiHHur; KoilTo peaJILr3Itpa 3aBr.rclriMoCTra a:0,05.92 a r.lHTepBana g [0", 50"]. flpanata, or Kog-, TO Ce OTrrKTa 'brrril ?, Aa ce rae6epe frpol{38o.[]to. 'brtntr cr 3a oTK.TIOIICHITETO HA I{3Ii'bJIHATC.fIHOTO 3BCHO AA CC OTqHTA OT .]IHHIISTA,i
KOflrO CB6p3.Ba rrrapr{r4pr{nre AEOr{qr.{ Ha 3BeFraTa

rla gon tretafll nIH uq,'rocTHo ce rroBTapf olpeaeneH TexgoxolHqell npouec. PadOruusr q[rKa,Jr c6A6p)t(a eAtiH gnlr IloBeqe xH,HeMaTnqHIt U]rXnH - uAnprrytep -ni]l{ ropeHe Ir:IK' a IIpa qerilpltraKroBl'i9 AByraKroBI'rs aBErare,t a
BaHeTO

MaIrlHIra ce Hapl'tqa rpa$ntnoro noCneAotsareIHOCTTa H. BsafiMHOTO C6qeTaHtie riso6paNeHue ra 'pbglnxnTerHocTTa, npeMecTBaHI4fl lr-flpecToll sa H3fi6,'lHMTenHI{Te 3BeHa ua aa speuenara 3a c'r,oTBeTHHTe MexaHr.?3Mr{Te 3a eEI4H KnHeMaTI,IqeH UHI(1,1, I{uNnOf paur1re Ce fiocTpptgaT A npaBoaratH$ H,'rrl [otqpFIH KoopAaHaru (xplroerr .auarpaur'r)'

"ttpttno dlurcnoea duazpaua (unuorpalra)

ni e4ua

-T.r:2T^'

3.\2. Ea ce cprHre3rrpa mapHnpeH qerupir3BerrHnK, Ha Kofiro roriueo"ta fuI or MoroBr.r,,ixara pea.,rriel4pa 3aAaAeHara rpaerdropnfi - Abra or napa6ona rJ onpeAe.[eH ilHTpBar'r. 3. 13. Aa ce npoexrripa ttlapnapeH i{errlpn3BeHuilK c Koe$ui{neHT
ira npousno4prre,rlHocr k,:L,l), xo.4 Ha Ko6r{,rrurlara tJr:50t r{
Ha c'brqara
3" 14. Ila ce npoeKrlipd Ko;'{flLro-r,{oroBr.rirr(oB MexaHugr,M c' K ql4ellr Ha rlpoueno4nreJrHocr ft:1,3, xoA Ha n.{'rr,3tarla s:60 mm eCKIieFITpI{LUireT e:1.5 tnm.

c:bc cTofrKara.

f,a ce [poBepH

nod'lyqeFrr.rsr

3aKor-I.

c ilpocro

.u,Br{x(eHHe
I

Bpeneuara sa ABl.l)i(enfie ufiH npeCTOI? $a II3II6,'IHHTeJIHOTO 3[JeHO Ha .4e.lle!t MeXa' Has:rri ce gapuqar {tasu, a caorrersllre Ha r}rri 6l,rn H'e 3aB}prane Ho HaqfielHoro rirv 3BSHO- $aSoaU OelU, flepuOgt r I na xAselt;lTilqgutt Utiga, Ha OTAe"leH MeXaHI'I:i'r,Nt MOxe Aa 6rle paBeH ?L'lH iipa'rert Ha BpeIfcTO I.. Ar<O fi3n6,lltl{TeJlHoTo 3BeHO ira MexaHIt3Ma 3a e,itl4lt K?HeMarLIqeH qnxtn T U3Bl'plIlBa pa6oreu XO4" lpeCrOil, O6pareH xoA u npecroli c1,c crrorEe'iHri BpeMerta /p", lrt, lo*, lr2, ToloES

(4.ti

T:to**tn1*t o"*t
ilpr

nz.

nocroxuHa 6|,10BA CKOp0CT Ha HaqarHoTo aer:ilo (ro1:c6nst) ftasoenre p,:,,:1t; CA npOIiOl]UuoHaIHI4 Ha c'hOrIleTHInTe Bptl{eHa' T' e'

lr"ln

,Q:iB0

Ab,'r}t{rrHa:

mm"

&.2)

9:9px+9nr +9o**9n2.

-,

Ha dlur, 4.1 a e norasagaeaHa IIHK.rorpaMa; tro adcqllcaara oc cl FIAHcE[l ol' (:eq1il, nponopquoHa.11Hy Ha C6OTEeTHLtTe BpelleHa 14 6t,r!t, Aro Kuxel'largqlifitiT iitl(q: -- ? t. ' ri3,4 Hit MeXaHq3.,tA Of rOBapf Ha e.ll.lH OlOpOt i'I1 !{aq.l.ltluIO :,tV 3BeHCt ltplroBaTa Al{afpaMa ltie IrMJ BHAa. IlogltiaH na {rlrr. 4,1 O. flpra I{3B6CTHI'l fa:rlslt snJrr{ H 3annleHa nocTofiuHa u bl','loBa,cKopocf {tl $a3oBllre speMeHa ce $pgcr/traT
J OTHOrue,l{gtra
{4.3)

.qi '

Lt1

-e

flpu clcraenne Ha ql4t{Jlotp:rtriure

ocH0HllH no,toxeHfit:

r{a i,aruHHHTe o6tlxuoBeso.ce cna3Bar cJIegH}l'

' l. 3a

oCHOBHaTa

Ha n,bptsufi pea

fia uHKJIOfpaMaTa. 2. Ha ireABaufr.{re peAose Ha qr{KnorpaMara ce ilso6pasnear $aaure Ht

6asoe (qax,ros) n,lexauuer,r,r ce us6upa Haii-qecro ro3l.l, Kotiro H3B'bpilIEa rexn6rt6rt4qHa Ogepauntl IJ IterOEIrre {asr ($a:OnA trnil) ee lsO6paenrat
f-}cTa}ia-

56

51

JrHTe MeXaHr.rSMH, HOlrrO Ce CHHXpOlrI.i3Hpar

C Te3tr Ha

6a3oBufl It noMexAy

cn car4ac-

Ho

Te

r{3r.{cKBaHuflfa Ha Ma[rnHara (anronara). Ba pasnpeAenerluero Ha cyvlapHaff $aaon tru sa ABI4N(eHae Ha oraerguTe MexaHu3MIr Morar Aa 6tAar:

'Vpannenrn (a.a) u (a.5) rispa3qBar KI{HeMarsqHHre, a (4.6) n $.71 reoMerpl{qrHHTe xapaKTep6CT,I.iKIj Ha rlp6auunre MxaHn3MH It Bpb3rara MexAJr 1flx npz
"t)

3. Kpurepun

MexAy IiHTepBsrI'r-

j:COnSt

.e

,(4.B)
MM

a:61 . S', a:urf . 5'

-A

rn

ltt

X1E

o:tlt. d', "-r?.o"' [Ipu noanaeaue ]Ir eAfia or 3aBllct'lMocrnre n ypaeH. (4.6) unn (4.7] lpyrtlre aee MOrar aa ce nonyqaT r{pe3 rpa$nuHo. nHrerpapaHe unn Al@epeuur4pane, MHcro ,{ecro 3aKoHar Ha ABI.I)I(esHe ce 3aAaBa IIocpeAcrBoM BTopl{Te r'peBoAHI'l
(4

9)

QyEKIr.iu (4. l0)

S':S"

(p) urs
cbA{4

u":q"' kl

,nr
Qar.
pHTe.lHr.!
4.
1

xOnro npeicraBrqgar aganor Ha ygKopegl4ero Ha H3nbJlHare.tgoro 3BeHo. lpea anatna

i"xgu"e rpa(rrra ilroxe aa ce

3a yAapnre, uryua, nn6pauglire 14 H3-

nocBanero na rup6nuuure MexaHH3Mll. Vpannennn {4,10) uorar Aa ce fipe,[craBsr B'l,B BItAa

,51

a) eguarea ilr:1Kcr.iuil,''iHrr vcKopeHriq lra

n|eclrfi r: !lrrr,:

BcHqKn,

pa6ornu

opraHr,r

- np,

,,peABa-

*anairrr-r ulre p*HoHHH.HaroB,pBaHr-tfi Ha Bcuq*H ri3n6JrHr4TeJ,rHH sBeHa npll yTOqHer{O p:r3npe.4e.rriHC it I f14gOBHTe 1)r.,,ll.I. o r qux,ro.palra t a c( onr)caeanr: a) npeaaBare,,rHHre orHour gHHfl Ha MexArrHHH MexaHH3:rr'r, Karo perl:;i1'opi.l, Bapr.{aropn rJ T. H.; 6) .nsaHlruoro pa3noto}Kesue Ha daqanHHte 3Beua Ha pil,l.rrHqrrrrre MexaHI43Mti, 3aABHx{BaHH or o6rq'eaa.

6)

'r,l
l

'{,i
UL'

"!

LACTaBTTH^TO

sa,Taqn 4.

l, 4.2 rr

!rir ur.rKn0rpa\1il Ha HfiKOH NeXaHH3MH OT

i.3.

aBTOMaTH

IIOKa3aHO B

,/..,,

cB6p3AH C AHflitN{uquuTc Ha.ICiuapBaHfif Ha 3Be}taTa. 3axoHlr Ha aBr.rxei{rrc Ha u3ntrHurenHoro 3BeHo Moxe Aa ce 3anaae auperiiro finrr qpe3 3ai{oHa 3a H3r\'rerreHre Ha_ cKopocrra Lrru Ha ycKopeHuero Ha fiSrr6JtHHTelrr{OrO

4.2. II3EOp HA 3AtiOH H.{ ABI4X{E[II4E '' Bax"s B,'rpoc np,. npoeKrapaHero Ha rrp6'u*a r'rexai{}.!3Ml.r e us6oprt Ha rro]rxorg,ll 3ar{oH Ha r.BI4rHeHUe H. H3II,,'rHUTeJIHOTO 3BeHO. llpeln ncuuxo rosa us60p e

h
{?f

.t)'1/,{

,i

sneto, r. e. qpes erua or r.pare $yuxquu

(4.4)
pecI].
('1.5,1

'?

ta

S:S (/), a:u (tj, a:a (t),

,t:u (t),

or:or

(f), e:e (/),

Qur. 4"2
. i" I 1)

-,

c6c
LITLV

c.Jy{ar4 B rpJKrriKara r.-up6trrlara ce Bbprr4 paBHor\tepHo . P^l^..?.:_-l? tut:const) H Bt\recro cbc 3aKoHHre ({.4), pecn. (4.5), e- no.-vqo6Ho
3aBlicllMocTHTe

k.brlero s, a, a ca c60TB-erso luseftgoto rperuecrtsaHe, cKopocrra 14 ycK'peHuero Ha Il'rr:b3faqa, pec[. z' .o, e ca c60TBerEO ATJTOBOTO Saarprarie, rr,roeara c*Opocr r.r at.rroEoro Jrcr{opeHue na xo6u.lguara.

@r;r.
y-

f.3

aa ce paforu

(?: ,,r

:x

le)t

(-{.fi}
{4.7',

s-s (e), S':S'(s), a'-S" (e)

n"=S"-sa rtp6nuenMexaHla3tlt c tlr'1r,3l-aq, Lr v'"=a" --3a rbp6aqeu Mera ilH36y c Ko6r-r,'rHua. B sanucr.tMocr or BI'lIa aa rpa$arata na ypasu. (4.11)' Kofi,rlATo
r{-i

z:7. (cp), a' -c, \?), :oJ' (i, "" S' u a' ca ..reorrerplz gHr-Ire cKop ocrtr (n.tpellre flpela3areniri{ r e o M e r p r.r ir H rz r e. y c K o p e H i.r a- (aropllre nperaBaQ,vHrqrra), a S" Lt a" re;rnn $yarqua).
KrsAero

B onpeae"'reg rrlanla6 a3pa3fiBa ycKopeHr.Iero Ha LI3ir6ngtiteJ'!Horo 3BeHo, 3aroHlire ra ,[BHXeHIie ce pasAertlT Ha: a. Eesyrfapan-3aKoHI4re 4,5 u 7 or ra6,r. 4.1. V*roper:nero Ha I{3i11'J!HHrerJoio 3BeHo, a cne.4oBareJ'IHo t{ uHepqfioHHHTe cH,'Itl ce ('l3MeHsr nJIaBI{o. Ipa$nrure ra cxopocrra ij [peMocrBaHero ca Henpegbcga1fl cp,l'uruau. Paauvcsr IIa KpHBI-Ifla ,l,l f6p6liqHlrs npo$a.l ce Ii3N{eHfi CT,tllo nr'IaBHo.

58

59

2, 6 u 8. Vcropenuero Ha i43IIbrBr{TeJHOTO sBei{&, 6. C uek yAap - 3axoHrrre c xpatlun Pa3nIrKLI. B c-rorserHara ?oqKa oT Teope?rqHuri ce flpoMesfl cKoxoo6pa3Ho
uposra.n 'n. Ha

O rnrpa yaap-3axo$tT

rlp6nuara croroo6pasuo_ce npoMeus paauyca

Ha r(pHBHHa. .l.Cr<opocrra Hau3nbJrnr{reJruoro 3BeEoB r{aqanoro}

/c& HenperrucHarlr 4ryHr(rrr4ff, Koero aoIH Ao 63yAapga pa6ora. floaxo.usu e 3a cpelIIH i,! 'BHcoKIl cKopocrH. 3. I(ocunycoa saioH (hvt. 4.5). B Hasanoro H ts Kpar .Ha $asara Ha .4BH)KeHue vcH,opeiir{.rro ce npoMeHq cxoroo6pasHo, KoeTo e cbflpoBoaeHo uex y.(ap B Meoia-

r)

_45678
@

ut
.;
LP

I T

t_ i
l

1,

.?

.,

345678

d2s

t234567

@Nr.4.1

Oiar. 4.5

-,

B To3l4 B i{parr ua $*:ara ce H3ueHE cxcxoo6pa: 1drtt. 4.2), a ycxoperirlero "o ttofite]rT reopeTil,rrro craea 6esXpar?Ho r.OJlffMO. c'bOTeerHara TOrlKa OT TeOpeTEqHgtr B npo$xn ua 'r'rp6trqara ,aorenr"ru cxoNoo6paeno 11po['1e6fi HaflpaB,'IeHl4ero clr' Tostl 3aKoI{ FIa 4Bu}r{eHlir {a:ir,.ir:ra ilocrosnra cropocr) Moxe JIa ce npanara callo npl{ Maxl(n 'bi'.itogr4 cKopoclr.i lra rlp6uqara. liJe npzeeleu HaHOir (paTril{ xapaKTepuCTHKLI Ha OCHotsHHre 3ai(OH}l tla Abtl' I{etIll rl Ita l.i3irb.r ri IIT e!.'t HO.d es eu o : 1. l'{pnsoazo'tu.tl.Koa Jc.t{aH. i$ur. 4.3)" Vcxopeuuero e flccrotiHHo ll snaa uafiIl
l

tDsr. 4.6

Qur. 4.7

ttuSua. Cropocrra r{ npeMecrBar{ero ce H3MeHrrr flraBr{o. rlpu.rlara ce 3a brroBfl ,rnopocrtr Ha rrp6uuara 50+-60 rad/s. {,i, 4, Cuaycoa sarcou (Qur.4.6). fpaQuxure Ha ycKopeHaero, cr{opocrra r npeMecrBagero ca nJraBHL rr HerrpeklcHa,ru. 3aroutr yAoBnerBopsBa HarrlJrno ]rctoBrrra :a 6esyaapna pa6ora a nosBoirflBa Bi{corr.t cKopocrli ua rrp6r-ruara. He npeAusnurna

yc.rrcnna). Ct<opocrra ce l43r,refir{ "ruUeliHO, a cKoKoBeTe Ha ycgopennero B }IaqanoTo' H B Kpat }-ja Sa3ara Bo.qfi.I'Ar) IileKlr -lrAapfi B Koltr]'pllara ABol'iUa. Ilpunara ce npw Mar'rKH fi CpelHu crofiuocrli Ha GtroBaTa CKOpOCT ua rtp6aUara. llpI4 EUcoKU CKOpOcrl-i Bo,4rr xo ro,'rer,*i rltfuauaa 14 66p3o l43uocBane Ha rtp6l4qlistl fipoqrrin. 2 Tpuneitasuden saxou ($ur. .1.'i). 3aeMa'r,lex<aaggo no'rlo)i.:eEHe cnPsMo Itpago:brbJrHr4t{oBul i4 TplrbrbJrHHKoBufi 3aKcH. Vcxopeuuero, cl{opocrra z npeMecrBaHerc}

Iturxa clciruocr c[plMo l,{ai{cir}{yMgTe

Ha

l4pyffiTe

saxOHz

(npU

eJ(Hai{Bt'l HaqanHH

['oIeMI.r cTpaHnqRH HaTOBapBaHr.tr Ha nll'b3taqa. 5. TpurzoLtuurcoe aaKbn (Sur, 4.7). Xapaxrepacraxlire My ca cxoAHlr c Tesrl rra urirycoBnr saKon. HetoB Herocrartr e ronqMoro MaKcuMaJlHo ycKopeul4e B cpaBHe!ll.je c IFlVla 3aKoHH, HoeTO BOAIi AO IIO-tOJIeMI.t rIHepUfiOHHr.I CU,IH E r.r3nrJrHr4teJlHOfo :rrcHo t{ r{eo6xoraMocr or no-crd,'rHa rrpyxuna 3a crlronoro 3arBapsHe }ra KonrypHar

ABoI4U&.

6. Satcou c JtuHeri*o ustdeueHue Ha ycKopeHuemo (burc.4.8). i4rua cBoitcrBa, Itolo6un Ha re3$ upH KocrrHycoBl.ir gaKoH. flpa,nara ce noHsxofa B xo]\r6i]riauus c
lY

rl

\-f

H 3akOHIr.

60

B ra6r. 4.1 ca norasanl4 3aKouure Ha ABalIieHtJe na r.r3ntJrHuTergnre

3BeHa

fi

6l

Texnltre MaI(caMaJrHH cro/fiHocrrr. $a flapaara u Bropara npeBo.4Ha $ynxuuni

syBaHu

Tr6rnsa
3aroH sa
,BHXCHHE

4.1
MaKc;ManHa crortrHocr

ca o3HaqeHHflTa: a) nps MexaHH3lM c nntsraq

. -.-L .., dS : y.^^--: , ^,,,,' - 0^^* ""'^ | X=n, x': T."d9 ' "max-u,1 6) npt uexann3aM c Ko6HnHqa

dzs -.

*'l*- 1W, ol
4

f pa$uKa Ha lr3truHrreJlnu 3nelta

*==,1;,,:ft; zr,"-

?'

,,

d.zu

,,

Em
6+0,

uu
2.

dq'

'"[taJi

o,L

Tsrpl

j4t dttl
y,qap

,)'&

1' _*l
Itp

d2u

dy,

Mo.4nrpruupan

rrpaBoaraxHI'I(OB

t.2

,v"

v4

7,2

.L

Y0

"

w
Tpnul.rnuxon

d'ae

-,
<Dur: 4.8

TpaReqoeriaeH

,-9

-9-

16x
'P6 t-

=3-

l6

62

fipon-brxeHHe

Ha

ra6a.

4.1

6nqes nexangibM c rapenKoB nJra3raq lrafl-qegro rape*Kara e flepfieuAnKynflp{a tranPaBrcHneTo Ha ABu)t(eHae Ha nn6Starra, T. e. p:90o, E roraBa 0rs:0.

Ea

Karro e r3BecrHo, lrtrbr Ha flpeaaBane Ha cr{Jrara oKa3Ba perxaBarr{o Bnrlnrrt{e aa cKnoBoTo HaToBapBaHe Ha :lBeHaTa, npeAaBaHara MorrlHocr oT rap6ltqara KaM I{3IlbnHnretHoTo 3BeHo u ncxa[uqHHrl Koesl{qHGf,T Ha none3Ho AeficrBHe fi4 MexaHgSMa.

1r
Kocuuycon

,n

",2

'\ )- a -on' 0 D Y u l?-Ju-

I L

R,,

0p I

.V _ ./r
O,\
C*rHrrcos

ila 4a ce oc'rypsr ro-Ao6pr

Mexaflr4sMa,

,rIhHeiii{o usveHeHle Ha, ycHOpeHI{eTo

naTa, KoeTo ce l{sBbpruBa

".-r":::' crorisocrure "n"n-rrrr.""Ha BtaJIa rpr6ea 4a ce otpeHurraBar

c
012:o soa6n,

ce qgrierHe 3aKrHHBase Ea
H,a npeAaBane

na

cE-

B6Be)r(aaHe r,r H3narHqBaHe Ha ycnoBlzeTo

(t.tz;

Kbaero ooon e Aouycu{MtrflT BrbJr Ha npe.(aBaHe Ha cr{rara (uail-uecro 0oon.0').

4.3. 1.
.q'.3. OCTIOBHI4

ftp6n.leH

MexaHr{BtM

poJtxots n"tb3raq

PA3MEPII

14

NPOOI4JIT{PAIIE FIA T"bPEMqHU

OcuoeHsre reoMerpfir{Hr4 pa3Mepa Ha MexaHIa3Ma (Snr, 4.10) ca: paguycrr Re xa oclroBHara oKpaI{HocT Ha Teope?nqgaa npo$Hl, eBcueHTpIlLIuTeTbT e ps,4HycaT

ini:XAHH3M14

3a onpeaefirrHe Ha ocHoBllrre pa3Mepr4 Ha rrp6a'tutzl MexaHasbM I4 trpo$lrxu' paae Ha rnp6auara rpnSea 4a ca a3BecrHll:

r{a ponxara. J3 qnpegelnlrero na Rp u e ce u3nor3yBa ycnoBsero $.121. 3a npoB3BOJ'tliO noroxefi]re Ha MexaHH3Ma $nr. (a.10) 'bf']rl,r 01' voxe aa ce onpeleJrB or finaua Ha+3aBapreHr.rre ua 90" cxopocrll, r. e. or r'ObzB, nocrpoeH no ypaBHeHHeVur:inr+iurr, *u'o e npfiero orr:l rad/s' Ha Qnrypara e noxa3aH H Ha

il

2] XOArr /z ga nJtr'Sraqa 3a MeXaHI43Mt{ ErlnT XOll ,| Ua xo6nnnuaTa 3a MexaHlr3[4s c

TO 3BeE0 H .11'b,{xrll{ara

l) lun;r

Ha MexaHH3Ma;

'o

'''Tallar

C nOCTlnaTe,'If,O ABH)t{eHI4e }InE alnoB:bpTeJII4BO .4BLi)I{eHI{e H6 H3IIbJIHI'ITeIHO.

[eftcBHTenHLITe

cropocrl{. Maua6Htlqr Moayn Ha cxopocrlrre

"

no:p4:r,

:la xo6u.nnuara;

3) nnn:'t lta 3a(oHa

4)

fipeAaBaEe Ha cnla?a 0oo,r. -brtlrr Ha npeAaBaHe lra cr,rJraTa B I{oHTypHn nBour\u e 3lT}JIaT MeXAy HanpaB' neHr4elo Ha nopMajlaTa I(bM aBaTa I{olrTypa B ToqKaTa Ha AOnIrpaHe [I AI-rpeKTpHca-] Ta Ha cKOpOCTTa Ha nputolxHaTa ToqKa Ha cI{JIaTa, pa3fnex.qaHa KaTo ToqKa oT 3aAnrxeagoio sBeHo. FIa @nr. 4.9 ca noxa3aurr :br,Tr.rre Ha lrpeAaBaHe Ha cllrlara 3a sFBn.5T Ha npeAatsane Ha C!{JIaTa TpHTe THna sp6Uuull MexaHH3MH, ts K6IITO: $qs -KGi'I' flJla3raqa u'ru xo6u"IHqatai 021nirE EpeAaBaHe Ila aBI'IxeHHero or mp6urrara xorarO .SsHXeHIleTO Ce [peAaBa B O6paTHa nOcOKa' r. e. saABl46tsalr1g 3BeHa ca nJl]31.aq6T l{nrt KO6HnI{qaTa, a Ir3nrJlHHTerHo 3BeHo e l6p6l'rua?a. Kato ce BsxAa, 3a eAHo a ctlrlo noJloxeflIle Ha MexaHa3nra 012f021' llpu rlp

5) ,conycruvurlr lrl,Jl ria

Qaaoeure 6l',,xu

?o, 91p, giii

Ha ABHxeHl'Ie Ha I'I3IIb/'lHnre,{Horo 3BeHo;

:titht. Or
(4. r 3)

'::-: oB 'oB

i^'rObgB 3a 012 cle,qBa orlloueul{ero

igulo:

Obr-e
ar

si

Si-e

VR8-i'+s,
rr
.

KT'ACTO

-' ':----' Ob"-u,: '"2--t- ka -a:,'kt.,otkt

ou,

S,

Sr. n,

Trrl raro h.1:k", sa orceqxrTe ui, Koaro

{rocoxa Ha
co1

IoMTp}l{Ha cKopocT

Ha Toqfia B or

npe,qcraBnrBar aantprnuara na 90" nnr,sraqa, ce iroJlyqaBa

5 P-Bo 3a KypcoBo n poeKTupaHe

65

o!i

-s,

r"'

14.t4)

tRs
Auarpaua?a

traa

xaAero S! e croraernara oprrrnara or

MoAynlr crorBe?Eo Ha HprBnre

aerfl noJror(euuero HA roqxa o

fr

W, b; tr k" ca

vargadxure

|s; {rl s s(,p).

1r,I \ zzi-

/r,r,,

B' or Haqarna'tr toux. t;;;pu;ffiii'ii-n rilre flpeMecr'a'Hq Ha raagraqa npri orae,reuanuna ceHa'acn roarr /z Hc.borBeru np"onn*u1"in"", nonro aa or'rrrar or^rp.asuxara S1g) sa crotneiHrrre atofi"o.r, Ha 1,r.bt tp.
V,,
@sr. 4. l0 (4.13) ce Br/rx(Aa, qe rpa 3aAa4eu 3axc,rr Ha .[BHXeHrie (asnecruw ..Ol .tl:::: di Ha A-lz 3aBuc/ or Ro u e. C HaprcreaHe na pg (c ", I'I Ji) lo,'reMHHaTa yae-braJr Ha pa3MepflTe rJt3 ocHoBa Ha nocoqeHaTe saeacHl.rotru ocHoBHHTe pa3Meprl Rs B CneAHara
nocfle,4oBaTeJrHocr

or H3rlaJlHureJrfioro 3BeHo; ToBa 3BeHo ce 3aABIlxBa or lpyfrj cr.tJ.ru (BXr!o_ qHrerHo r.i or npyxuuara. aKo r(oHrypnara Bpa3xa.HMa cnaono aareaprne). 3a opoQnlupanero^x*a_rry6auaia' 16rr. io.o u,1 ." H3nor3yBa Meroarr Ha EH_ Bepcgr Ha croilKara. flocrpoenuara ce'neetpunar B crelgara ltocre,qoBare,rlrocr; l' vrs6upa ce nonoNeiilero-sa roqKa oiu."""p"t Ha Br,preHe niilp'auara) s c uarua6eu Monvr h^-ht ce oflucBar o*p"i."ocm c paruycl 2. Ktu o*u"ri"o""rra^_. g1lry. e ce uperapea Beprn[arHa Rn Lr e. ras,reHra-* npaBara /, - D, xoaro c'e npaerrr, 3a .uuperTpuca Ha n,{}3raqa.
rjHXBa

sa,qBH_ _ no,roxeRaero 01, Orpanuvennero npa npoQnnrpun.io c orJrer crra3Bar{e Ha a3rTcgBagero 0f2 e ycnoBuo' rll? Karo rlp6lryara npes Sasara Ha npu6;ruxanaHe xe ce 3aa-(0oor )KeHHe Ha IIJIa3raqa

I oKp'bx*ocr na rrp6rqara or r. o Ao naqanHono ,ioro*"ura na r. B; - pascroq'nero orqnra ce eKcue'rprqrrrerbr e. Toqxa o ono*e'ra 6d; ;;p;;u""nJor.r"o""o '4 ABoriHo 3arIpgxoBa[ara 3ofia, npg Koero u]e 6rle s3nbJrHego yc,ToBr{eTo 0_--<e * ro pa3Mcpt,re sa rrp6uqara ue 6r4ar no-rore'r.r. Ano rpa6ea o, .. urflrTpT dfJJ rlcHrplrrerar e, ro''i.t<a O ce us6npa cturara soga B6pxy rspexrprrcara !

cnpqilo Beprf,xan,rra oc s. Ilpeceu'ara To*Ka fia resn ra,,revr' onpeuenrbpa Ha BlpreHe Ha rap6uuara aa MexaHHSAr, Kofiro 0o u*:ooo, u Offu;:Ooon. Onpeae;ra ce H pa.qsyclr Ro ua ocHoa'&ra
0oon

fr"r.#"r* ,.n* 1y 9gn, '!il. 5. @asoeare :otnfi go t4 qn Ja.Qaaare Ha ABHxeHlle ce pasAensr Ha ra6n 6pofi rilrrcpae,'rHH AeneHHr, KonKoTO ca 4eaeUnlra ua a6cqacara nunprq"furu S(cp) (Ha tlttlr. 10.6 B 3a no-ronflMa npernelHocr ca FocorteHlr .aBof,Hgre HHTeDBaJTH. *roqrl4rg tt,2,._4, ... ao 12 6r p6 H-roer<nre lJ, ti,-...-^;2J;';';)."n'LEp6dltn
t

4. loqxa li6 ce cerpsei_:!.O H or npaBara Oro ubp'r."a nocoKl Ha Bbpr.r!e Ha rrp6uqara ce HaHacsr nocreAonareauo " (raro "u;rp-r:,],l;.

ir;,r' ra"greHTlc

JrHqaBaHe

Ha

rrp6ul:rra) 0,2 (Sur.

r,an,fiatna. 10.6 d):

l. Brpxy ur6paua A'peKrpaca .i'^""**r" lra H3n'Jt'ureanoro aeeno {npa* eara D-D) ce Haxacff xorrt h u Sr.tucupayure [roJroxeHr.rs Ha roxa g or,nlrs_
raqa,T. e. npoeKTHpar ce-oTceql(Hre ,Sj or.4HarpaMara S(g). fioJlyuenure roqffu ga Qarata na orAareqaBaHe u npulnzxaaiue ce ,oir.prprr. 2.3a acsro norrolKeHue Ha rr,pduqara (r. 1,i,3;" r, H.) uo Sopuy.,ra (4.14) Of ce npecMrrar orceqKure a1. Orceuxure .1, ce uavepear or rpa$urara

AeJiflT

v e ce

onpe-

rJpeKapBar KoHuehrprqafi .u..bfH /.lo npechqaHero Hr: c6c rr.nrBerHHTe rarrreHrH, flpeceurrure rout<u 2,, 4;, a,, u r.r1. oflpeae,rrr noro,{egHercr rr,r rteltTl,pa Ha pgnKaTa B peBepcHpaHHq MexaHHsaM.

ilrr 3hp\-!' npaBarl b- t)_c;

6. Ilpes ronyqeHurero\\!_2: a,6 u r,tr. Btpxy ocnoBHaraorp6x!{@r ce nperap_ xaM oxprxHocrra c pa,Allyc e. b'cu,ryil TaRreHrL rpr6ea .qa ce pa3rro4;,ar or eAHa H cailra crpaHa cnpnvo Uenrtpa O (raxro np^rirr--i_l'il. 1: o' roqxa o paaaycn 02. 04,'-ob-;;.,,.

i;;;;;r;,;."2',2'*-oil. o"
c
E,rrBHa

nr*r_

.g,:

Ha $nr. 10.6.no'corara H? .,1 o6parHa uu aur*e""aro Ha qacoB'Ir*oBara crpeJr*& T ::t?"_i^:l 9lr1r,? lu orAaneqaBaHe rra .rrr'sraqa orceq*&re &; c B,Hacsr sarrflBo, a 3a {pa3aTa Ha npHornxaBaRe_HaAffcito. 4. Btpxonere Ha orcqrure ,. ce cBbp3Bar c jnraBga nrig!4, _ noxyqaBa cg rpaQuxara S' (S) (Srer. t0.6 d). 5, fipuenla c, qe aotrycTuMtgT :otrt\ Ha npeAaBaHe rra curarl e eAHaxtB ga $asure Ha orraner{aBare a nptr6anxlBaHe, r. e. 0f2-gl2:01on . 6. Itrpexapnar ce raHresru KtM neBr.rrr H decgtrq xaos 'ni Kpr.tBara S,(S) no4,

rJ orcerrKa ce HaHacfl B caorBerHara roqxa. rJocora* n" nnoraf,Tu a, orrenHgre $aau ua aBuxenue ce HaMHpa, varo 4eiicrnnrenHara cropoa, *u 3,aB6^pra Ha g0" ". nocoxa Ha crJroBara cxopocr tol Ha rapouuarar

3' Bcsra

t*l-

_,axpaea) (ueurponara ua .oporunr^. ', I'1,"j:I-11-npofrr.r.rr v. HaAuyclr ," Ha por,rrara ce onpeAenfl or i.panencroara t,t 15) ,50,7 ?*io, rSA,lRo, I'lAero pmi, e

^' loqKfire oo-0'2^.:.^r_',-!'

rp.c

cBl,p3B_rr

KpHBa. l-lo.ryuaea ce

p- ce

o],

15,, il;'i- i's;' ,1'a lO.O u3, rorlo ce cBap3Bar c orceqrx. - Ilpeievuira ,or*^ M ni *"a"pr*re, .qeere olir"rtta orpe,qers rrenrbpa Bbpxy xoqro rexaf rpare rosKn. paauy{ r'r rr? Ta3r4 oxprxuocr 1:^.o__lplxuocrra, Moxe Aa ce rrp'eMe'nfrrOrrr.rrrea""'r^';;;r:"-^, npo$ll-T_1_lp6aqara .u ooryuu"r, (aro c nprerrz n parrvyc ,.19: l:6::ll"t r Ha. Iiara
c flocrporBa exBr.rtrucragrna KpHBa na Uerrponar npo$nn. 3a qeala c pas-

oanrpo"rr* nl)rr,a c naft-ro.nsua KpHBa,Ha, r.-1._i_-1,1f]_rr.,r:sx pa,rylg Ha KpraBHHa. B rosu yuacrrr i' Ir3eMar rpu 6,raeru ror{Kn "16ir, Hanpuoaepn ,ou*qri

r,tUHIrMatHI{tT paAIryC Ha KpHBuga Ha rIeHTpOBaTa Xptta; Rg*pa,4Hy. ' r.r Ha ocHogHara oKp6lrHocr ga rup6izuara. Ur asere crofiHo,cru sa r, nolyveun or ({.15), ce rs6upa no_MaJr{ara. Orpanrzn,as6opa Ha paanyca Ha porKara qenrr aa ce ua6erae :l "lltln floryqa'aHero ',. ( rprH (npa r:p,,o) urrz cal'onpec&qau ." 1nfr ;;;;J'pro"i"J'ie.Su,rr ua ' Ha t r'1r[sqn11' 3a onpeae'rsue Ha pmin ce aslupa (Ha oxo) yurir"*"" o,

66

67

B6pxy qeETpoBara xpHaa' ce HaqepraBat o6BI.tBKa Ha re3u oKpr,x(Hoc' BlrpeurnaTa iar,lo oKplxnocTlt 4r,r'a), ,U,ocferbqno 1ri,'lu TH npacraBJrflBa pa60rllHfr fipooHn Ha rap6Hqara. ce'npo$n.lnpa H rtp6rqara npn rap6aqed flo anaaorsqeH Haqtt;;; fi-i"lu"r" Mexags3rM 6er ercqenrp'Uyier (e-0). Brosa-cryvafitanresfilre KaM oKp.5x{lloct; Hi la c DaJII,M e ce rlDeBpbular B JIaqH, Xosro rusnaaar npe3 qeHTaPa sa Bbprel{e HA gbp6grlara;"Too*.tu briO rrexli B6pxy npaBara b-b, ronto e AHpeKTpHcara .qBrxeHHeTO Ha rrJt63raqa. BcsqrU OCraga,ra nOCTpOeH',rs Ca aHanOfr'IqHU 1;a pa3l.rler

TBOp

Ha nepret

u qeHrpn, pa3nonoxeHH

(4.16)

u;:4t.h'r.BC,
Fi e clorBerHare
opAHuaTa

KaaeTo

or

rpa$Hhara

lld

ila crlrlara rpaQilKa, a BC

AAIII{TC

B f6P6HqHT,Ifl

MCXAHT3bM C CKCIIEHTPHI{I4TCT'

4,3.2. lrplflq.eH MexaHH3'bM c poJlnoBa Ko6uJII'lua 3a tosn MexaHH3bM ($rr. 4.ll) ocHoBHH reor{erpnqHu pa'lMepH ca: Rs-paauy c6T Ha ocuoBHara orplxnocr; lua- auxuxala sa t;o6uaut\a1x; I oc-pa3croflEHe ro re)(ay ocure Ha BbprcHe Ha rbp6trqara s ro6slnuara; / * paauycbr Ha porr clo(
O6ururoeeHo

a"nr*n"a"a sa no6slntlara 6e npueMa tlo Kogcrpyt(rl'laltu

ra

ilefiHHr xpari (r. D-rpnr. 4.ll) ce flpexapa npaBa noa rrla 9it"- 9121 ra3n npaB3 npes denrtpa ira ur,p.leiie O ria rup6nuarr. ToBa nocrpoenne Jiaia sagt"{orxrrocr nocpeAcrBoM AorrycTHMHr arljr Ha npelaBaHe Ha cgtara 0ron aa ce oDpeaenH nonoll{e8Hero Ha [enrapa o, a qpe3 Hero ]t ocIloBHHTe pa3Mepfl Ha MexaHH3Ma. Tear pasrr,repr ce onpeAenflt, xaro ce cna3Ba creAHara nocneAoBarenHoer ((t)}|r.10.7): l. H$npa ce nironsnoriro Mecronoroxeullero Ha ?. C-qenTapa Ha Bl,preHe ra xo6unqdtr (rpur. 10.7 6). 2. G npuer Mar{a6eB !/'olla k1 cc Hasacq qel}ToxHara aanxrrHa sa xo6ulnuaM'HsaBa

HA aelaxeHxe Ha ll3narnl4renHoro sBeHo Ir noq1pra,[anxltna xa xo6uanqara 3a BcsKo nonoxeHpe Ha MexaHIfJMa Moxe qpps vpaBx. (4.16).qa ce npecMeTHe oTceqxaTa ui. aKo Ta3H oTceqKS ce HaHeqe rr'pxy xo6llHuaTa H oT

Itpu laapqgn 34xor!

qeproxHara ,[aJtx{HHa sa xo6ulsuara.

ap =f

(v),

fro,

uauta6xfiflT Mo,tyt

p ,1'
n

'y
(Dsr.4.11

Lnn

ileficTBHTenillra roneMxHa, 't.e.ar:a..ko ateta crollfiocrH ce HaHaGtT cflpeMo 'or.cc 6asara 8oC. Orceqxnre nauepnar or rpaQurara a (9). 4. 3a rcsxo nonoxexhe ua rup6uuara tto ypaBH. (4.16) ce HaHlcqr oroeqxure u-. 3a y,recxenrre [onyqe[HTe crof,nocrlr ce tasacg? s ra6aliua. 5. Bcnxa orceqra urrce nanacn or clorBerHoro nonoxenue ua t. B BapxylHpeKTpncara Ha xo6sluqarh. flocoxara 3a Hasacf,He 3a orAerHare Qasu na aBlIxe[ue ce onpeAc4r, raro aeftcrBnrenHara cxopocr 7tB2 ce 3aBlpTa xa 9O' no [ocoxa Ha afJroBara ctopocr (l)1 Ha rap'6ruara. Hr sur. _ lJ.7 d', cxopocrra tt)1 HMa nocoKa Ha qacoBHgxoBara crpenxa n orceqKrre a. sa Qasara Ha orrareqaBaxc ce HaBacflT or r.8 rtu "r. C, a Ba Sa3ara na npn6anxaBane*B o6parxa nocoKa. 6, Ilpes Bapxa Ha lcflxa orceqKa r- ce. fipexapar [paBa IIoa ar]JI 90o 0 roE cnpffMo Anpxrplicala na xo6[anuala. MecronoroxeH]reio Ha uenrbpa na rrp6nua'r'a Moxe aa ce u36epe B rroryqeHara ,qBofrBo 3aulp[xoEasa 3oHa, nptl xoero rIIe 6lAe nsnr.nHeno ycnoBucro 0l,rrS0oon n O;ax<0!on. lrp6uvHxir MexaHH3aM ule' HMl tlr.rHfivanrlrl pa3MepP, ako 3e [eHr]p Ha aapTege Ha rap6ullaTa ce na6upa rouxa O. C ui6opa Ha qeHrapa Ha BlpreH O ce orpeterrr ocsoBgnre pa3Mepn: paAgycar ua ocroBxara orpalgocr Ro-OBo', pascrorgsero loc:Oc. llpo$r.nrr Ha rap6nuara ce nocrpoflBa B cneanst pA: l. C vaua6en rrro4ya fr; ce aaqepraBa L',OB|C ($nr. 10.7 6), nonyqeH or nocrpoeHHero Ha Qr|rr. 10.7 6. Herosnre rpu crpaxr ca ocHoBHHle pa3MpH Rs, lgg n lga. 2. Cnpruo HaqaJrHoro noroxeuue B6C ce uauacrt arJronlrsr pa3Max + u clorBerHHTe MexAHHHII noJoxeHHr Ha Bo6l-rltsqara (rx. rouxa a). 3. Onracsa ce or<paxxocr c rlenrrp s r, O u paaryc -OC. Br,pxy Het B nocor<a, o6parHa Ha nocoxara rla BapreHe rra rap6suara (or pan]ryca OQ, ce HaHactr rrocreAqBaTenHo Qa3oBuTe \tna go,gon n go. Ctel roBa AarHTe ua $asoenre

noloxenre 86C. naqaagoro noJtoxexne B6C ce Hauact arnoBltr pa3Max { u ce xarrrnpar peag[a MexAnHHH fioroxehnr Ha Ko6Hrruara carracHo c rpaQlrxara d (9) roqxBre /', 'ce npecMtra 2. 3 u t. B. sa Qa3nre Ha oraaneqaBefle n opa6nlxaBaHe. Ha lcexx brar c, -

lu, a HefiHoro BaqarHo

3. Or

x{eHus, e ocTaIIa,'lHTe pa3Meps ce onpeaenflT OT OlparlHqeFllieTo 3a AonJrcrI4M al Ha nnexaBaHe Ha cn.titrl (ypaen. 4.121. Ha sur. 4.11 a e nona:aso caHo reKy nonO)XeHHe HA tap6uqeH MexaHI.i3sM C K96ltnsqa npea Sasara Ha. OT.IIaJIeqaBaHe Ko6r{n}Iuara.

'brt,llr

ilara

n*n).

3axrKreeH rlex'qy '['peKrpncl4Te noiu, n dr: ( FIa {ur. 4'11 6 e nocrpoen aellcrBizrerHllflr nnaH Ha cropocrur ,)J
012

ypaBHeHtero
Hr.rsT MOAyn

3a A6JIXUHa. clrur',r:'rr n'laH, 3aBaprqu Ha 90', e ngcTpoeH lpY.^: ioqxa O AOb28. ltrexa nper roqKa O rlpeKapaMe npaBa' ycflopeAna Ha Ho e paBHa Ha sa ra n7 orceqrara BE:u B6ply A6nx{Ht{lra sa Ko6uJluuara t. e-6t'u"enoro i. Taaa cxopocr cKJtIoqBa lrl'r 90o Hara Ha 90" cxop,ocr "u lJ Moxe Aa ce Hanfirue c npaBaTa oD. 3a orceqKara

o-ur-iut+dul1 H c Maua6eH

Mo'4y"1

ko:at'ki'

K'bAero k1

Ma

\rn', go a gn
Te Ha c'rrulHTe
o3Haqesu
HHBCpcVg

ce pa3AetffT Ha TorKoBa eaHaxBlt gHTepBann, KotxoTo ca

HHTepBaJII.{-

i'r. k).u1. BC . k1 Vo'z 'ue.BC.h1 ' Ob2:tr:' Uo' - " ,,rr. k,- : t'l1 . k7
ur$
68

rrpn Koero nrp6nuara craBa HenoABHxHa, a crolirara 3afloqBa Jla c xo6u.ruUara) B nocoka {r1.

4. flocrpoaaa ce rreurpoBara KpsBa Ha ntp6uqara. Hsnorsyna cti rraero.utr sa ua crofxata, T. e. Ha uenut MrtaHg3aM ce 3sAaBa trroBa cfiopocr-to1,

c Cs, C1, C2 u

lrrH

IIo a6cuscuara oc

r.

Ha

rpaouxara

a (gl,

Ilo.nyueHure roqxs ca

a.

ce Bapru (saeluo
69

s rrpfuvuur MexausrM c ponKoB

Kofluesrpr{qux Ea rrepren, paoen Ha AraxunaralB?,' ce 3acxrrar c'boraerxuTe aarn, nonyqaBar ce ToqKure I" 2" 3' u Ap. Carpnaanero na re3u roqKn c flraBna KprBa onpeAenr [errrpoBnr npo$(r na ntp6u[ara. 5. Paasycrr r xa porixara ce onpeaenq xixro s irp6r-rlnun . por"e'xaHr.rer" NOB B,tb3raq. 6. Pa6otrnsr npo$nl la nrp6ruam ce nocrporBa no pa3rreAettnq Beqe Harrxt

C uenrrp e r. O n prAnyc[ Ol, 02, 03 u r. H. ce onucBar

.4rtLt, a or roq(Hre Cr, Cz,Cs, . .

. c pa3rBop

;a

llelirrpa
(4. I 8)

,'i-pascrgs'.fleoo

3a rorenilsara*ua

-rr8 qeHrapa Ha xplBura Ha Bbprenc ua rup6rqara. -

ua roarypa

aonr{p'are roqf,a Ao

x,

Moxe
.

ra ce Eauuue

x;-AB

nrl,3raq.

7i u ',,? , k1- 41" h1- ", ' P'" n,, Kt-ot' ha ,?. k, ^
B flraHa
Ea

43.3. ftp6nven ilexanf,sbu c rapenKoc nrtcraq . B rosrr rerarrn3aM l{ua earn ocnoaen pasuep - pa.lryctr Ro Ht ocgoBgara (Qrr. 4. l2). or(pa)Knocr - OcHoeHiio nguir'sase KbM rbp6uq4, Koqro pa6orr c ruoctK raperKoB rra3raq, e refiHHcr npoSna ra 6r4e a3n'bruar, r. e. Aa xnua e4n6naru yuecrtcu. Tca
ycaoene Mox{e aa

Koero cxeAsa or socrpof,BaHe ua ypaBHe'Hero ior:io"+ilor,+iro", ycxopeHnrra (uau1a6en uolya ko:a! . pr1. Hepaneucrroro {a.fi) Moxe .qa .. nf.a.r."" B} BBHAa
{4. I e)

Ro)

6tae

cuaseno c noaxoaflrrl rs6op nr paagyca R0

Ha

," (r;l-J;

ort(lAero cne..Ba, qe paAnyc'r R6 rpr6na',(a 6rne [o-roJrsM or MaKcu'a'rara orprqarenna crofiHocr Ha cyrr{.ra S;*S',j. 31.{u onpeaeril R6-c ycaoauero (4.1g), ce EaqepraBa cyMapHlra rpaouxa
rpa$Hqxo ct6upaHe Ha opArnarnre Ha KpHBare S_S ,, 6) u rlocrpoeHr.r npeIBapHTeJrHo c eIHaxB[ uaua6sn rcaytu k":ks,,. _.1 qpes

(s;+.ri)

: - (C +sj'),

A,_S;1*1,

naula6nure Moaya,u HarBere KprBBcacl,orrcr'o h" u

Hanp""ap,

'para rrpBo.{Ha OrHxqxs Morar

ra ce }MHoxar c o?fio[reHHero k.!,c

c naua6a
He

kn,, opanrurrru Sr,

h^

"* ", "r*

'6rr:rr

Koero Mrqa-

crorlHocrra Ha paAtycr R6 ce npner,ra

ra3r.r Kpuaa craBa eAHaKaB

c ttt+ts mm

S(q).

^s

--(sr+s,,;.u* Pas,rttrara (4.20)

(0n

no_rorrMa or Ronlrn:

10.8 a).

,Ro-Rorrn:pmio

Qsr.

,t.12

iicHoenara oltpbxnocr. Ilpo$ratr ne rtp6u{ara e usnr,KxaJr, aKo BaB rctrqfifi reroBr.r roqru paluycar Ha KpHBHrra e pi)0.

Or rypca no TMM e !3Becrr{o, qe ycnoB{ero

HepaBeHcrBoro {4.17)

(Strr, a.12)

3a H3naKnarocr

ce

Hspa3rBa c

*p6luuti .e'ur"tl.J. oo .r"o""q iaqnH (Snr. l0.E 6.): lolt::T.::ig^.y_ ce [eHr]prr L) aa *preHe xa rtp6nnara. Oxo.rro tero ce orncaa -..__i;.__t]19^p, fif M_rpuer uaua6eg uoyytr k6o6nrnoselro ce npaeua kt:k". ""uT"la: z. ttpes !.*y" r, u c nDexapBa BprHKarHr npaaa_r[pexrprcafa sa rsgxegie ci Btpxy xen ci xogtr h Ha nrrbsraqa H rope,urua Mex(anHHH Eeii1_"_1.11.: "anac", Ha or.(aJreqaBane x npr6,rrxasrnd, *ouio ci Jrurr* o, ea*rre :.::1.-T.9i9*:,"un .sa rparrhnara-o(gr- uoryqeHnre roqfiH ce ogxaqaBat c 0, Ir 2, S u r. u. oxpaxHocr c uenrap s r. O. s paanic Ro+h. B nooora, o6par.,::._l1i"a ce -" HanocoKara Ha HaauroaaracKopocr o1 Ha.rup6nuara, or AHpeKTpHCara HarrraSraqa ce saaacer flocnenoBarenflo Sisoarre rrin go,gonr vo.'A".'"r. go-; cpn rro paiquyc Re*l ce pa3Aenrr xa e.qxirsn nniepnaru i-"or""rcrus. c :-ff::Tr c aE,{eH'rra Ha caul're arrn, npe,(craaeflH no a6clrcara rra rprtprxarr S(9). nonyqega.re roqKrr, o3xetren^ c \ T, s,..., ce cBap3Bar qpe3 nbqg c uenrapa o. rref,rapa o ce onscaar xoxueu?prqrs . pr"lry. u a1, oj d, . . . , -^ _1.- 9t "qo_npec'qasero r{u cLc caor'erHfire atvr.'flpecen"rre "i.n ioqxi 1,,- z;, i':'... orpe_ .Aenf,T.noJroxeEnaro Ha r. .4 or nnL3raqa a p6nepcapaxEc tataHH3aM. 5.' Ilpee npeceq'Hre rotxn 0, 1,,-t; ; i -;. '.;fi;;;p;;;-';';;iu;oaxynnpr He caorBerulrre arqn, rtfi xaio rapearara cKrroqBa [paB ar6n c-4xpertfucera ra u,ra3ra{ra. Odrfiarara Hr re3* nepnenatryanpn orroaipa ra paObrrr_-a'a -;bO;" ;;
s

irpe'{craBfl MnnHMaJrHr{fT pafttyc rra KpHErsa

ua pa60rnur npoQrn na rrp6ruara.

tbp6ruara.

p;:.r;aRe{S;

rt.qero pi e pataycar He xpuRnsa na mp6auara 3a Aonapfiara roqKa c rapeJtKara. s; rerlqoro npeMecTBaEe Ha llJr63raqai Ro paAuyctr Ha ocHoBHatl oKptxgocT,

0,

7A

7t

.1,,t. IHAJIHTfi

qno nPO'SllJIllPltlE HA rbP

Elttj

HIt MEXAtul gfltH

'brulu
onpelcrr or
{4.241

Br

npeaaBaue

ra curara B npoggBonHa roq$a or [eHTpoBara

ts

xpnBa ce

4.4:1. frp6nren ilexanu3bu c nttsraq

3a olpeleaaue Ha xooPAsnarHTG Ha rcxyua ro'rxa .B; or lleHtpoBara xplBa B3 rrp6uqara-(snr. 4.13) ce ninoasyna rpanor,rrauurr tPsaranHux OBiC, st crptunre Ha xofiro e B cura t4.2r)

err-;iag,

l-a

ltilA (4.25) 0rg:arc.tg

Rl:er1(a1S;)2.
oT H3palla

rTq
ce npecMlra

s:_e

Pa,unycrr Ha rtpHlutra B nPoH3BoJrHs ToqKa or qcHTpola?a xpnBa

(4.26)

?i-

(a+Sr)r

(a{S,)

cos 012*S; sin

01g

cost 0s2-S11 cos'ora

Pa6orxurl nporfua 6a np6xuatr, ato [na3raqbr e c ocrap Bpax' e crxar& ucfirpooa xpura. flpu nta3raq c potxa pa6orunnr npoQna ce nonyqaBa r,ato erBE4ncrlnren np@ru-na qe&rpoBar! KpHBa; pa3c?onHl{ero MeDI(ry laara npoQraa orroBaPfl Ha paAuycs na PonKara.

4.4;2, I.t;pfixqen MexaHnstt c Ko6HJHqa

. flpe4noaara ce, qc ocHoBnl{rc pa3Meplt B MexaH[3Ma Ju" n'r xo6na[qara, pascrotuuero- lo" !,re]x[y ueHrprrre
n xo6sanu,ata u R6 paAuycar ut ocHoB[ara AapnTenHO. ' KooplxHarure ua rexyua rorxa 8i or.rlp6nqara
(1.27\
p8Bef,CTEA

(Slr. 4.la) na rlp6uuara ni nlprene -aaJrxunara oxpa)I(Hocr - ca oflpe.qerenl'r ttpe'(l

(npx ro6xauuera c ocrpue) xru or [ef,rpoBara xptBa (nplr poaxona xo6uauua) ce onpcaertr or

Qur.4.13

(4.221

,
gj'e

*"r:,
Y

cos

9,{(o{S;)

sin g;,
cos 9r,

taAero d. e reryulrgr tr]Jt Ha 3aSapraxc ua xo6u:rnqara, caorBercrByrailr Ea braJg gi Ha 3aBtprexe xr rtp6iruam. Hava4g4r3 croilsocr Ha 6rtt d ce npecMqra qpe3 ocnoBttltTe PaBMepu f,a Mexa*
rut3Ma

! ",: "i:-loc

oc

cos

g.-1""

cos

sin

g.flr"

I sin

qj+(dg+aj)].

Ivr*(ao*ar)],

paBCucTBoTo

ai=

sin

9r4(a*Si)

l2ur1-12o"-Rs
COS

a'O:-B; ce x3pa3rBar

'

'xoAeto

'

rexyuara croltrHocr Ha artJta ua Sarbpraue na

crPtlr{o naqatoro t1a Saeara Ea orAareqaBafie;

rtp6nqara-ortlitrfl

flolepxure

r(oop,qusarr{

a:,IWA;
S,

Rfllw,

ur r.

c}c

3aEBcLtMoctHTe

$a brat 9-. - npeuecriucro sa .flta3raqa' cbotBercrayBarqo Iloarpnure aooP.quHarl,l ua t Bi [Mar BHAII

({.28)

ai:xctS;f,:-arctg

xB.

lo"
I

cos sin

9i-lBc
9

cos

9r*(a6*ar)
ro6uaauara ee onpeAetft

o"

Bc sin [ 9, *(ao*ar)]

n7Jffi:vFr(a+srn
t4.23)

'bruetr
oT u3Pa3a
cos 9,

Ha npeAaBane Ha curcra

or

rtp6uq,era

xru

di:arctg

(a*Sr) sin 9r*e xB, :"tt*-..=-..=-=-=Jr,

'

\4.2et

orz:arcts

-cotg (*6* a-) 2t /oc !:-::'l sln g,

3a nexastrsMrre 6ea excqeHrpnq&rer, 72

r. e. npu e:0, e B cuna D.:9i-

Paauycat Ha rPuaBHa ce BpecMqra or ypaBHeHuero

td;

4'156 e noc6qes H aeficrBurer*rrrr urra' Ha cropocrnre, nocrpoe' no Koopauuarnre ua r. ,4^ce floryqaBar or npoeKrrrpatre Ra aeKropnoro ypaBHeHHG (4.31) no KoopAr{fiarflltre ocu, r, e.
Fla

ypaau. (4.33)

{nr'

"' +"'isinirl*

11

n
A

'rF

I
Aa"

(o
\*

7
>D

b,
n

---v }-.Jt,
P

#*=,
6.

K_* --l /
a

enr. 4.lS

,Yr:{&+Sr)
(4.35)

sin er+S, cos e. ,

cos

YA-(&+.Sr)
Onr.
4. 14

er-S,

sin e,

4.4.3. l'tp6uven Mexexr{3bM c rapeJrxoB nrt3req

Pasrnexraue Mexasfl3'bx ($-nr. 4.15), xa rofiro rapenKara e nepnes.qnxyinpua Ha tapeKrpHcara fia nJra3raqa. Haauqaero Ha eKcqeHrpHuBTT gc npollexr ocHo!fir'Te pa3Mepa Ha Mexa[n3Ma H sat(oHa 3a trBHxeHHe Fa u3IIArHflTeAHOrO eaexo. flpreilaMe, qe paAHyctr Re xa ocloexara oKprxxocr e onpereneg [pcABapr.rrcrno] Or

npaBorrrrxrq rputrbrlllrK OFA (Qur. 4.15a)

(4.31
)

c.neaea

\:dr

+FA,

K'LAeTO

({.32)

OF:Ro*S;.

3a oupe,aelnre
n,ran (4.33)

ia

H.a roteMllnatr lia BcKropt d^au H3non3yBa 3aBapre'rqr na g0' cxopocrxre, nocrpoe[ npn nonrcc i. O no ypaBHennero

q,:q,+G.
flolapunre
F

<Dur.

'1.16

Aro uaula6nusT Mo.[yn Ha cKoPocTsre e ko-w,fl, 3aBapTeHuRT nras Ha cKopocTsre clBnara crc crpaunre Hr rpnaranHgxa OFA, ort<aaero creABa
(4.34)

KoopAnHarra Ea npoSnaa uMar Bnaa

(Sxr.

4.16)

A:FA.4:

i;'

R,:y'

u,:

74

##

k:s'i.

tr;+qF:cf
75

(4.36)

(Ro*Si) ?i:arcts

fi:",rts

sin 9,+S, cos 9,

(R+E)."'

rF;'i",,

c nsaeaeHltre aasrdcafuocrH 3a pa3tneAaHlTe TpH Mexanu3Me uorar .qa 6alat clcTaBeag arropr-trMn H flporpaMrr si uuspoao cllHre3upaHc xa rtp6uuura MexaHtl3MH nocpeAcrBou EHM.
3AI.Aqt{ KbM I{ETBbPTA TJIABA HA

c,reA roerolHoxrr ocraBa B noJro)r{enue Ha 6.rnstrc npecroii (rpafir{o AffcHo noloxeHue). rr ,i Haqa.qoro' Ha pa6mnur xoA Ha orpe3Hrrr uorx 7 ce ns6npa raxa,
s.{e oTpn3BaHeTo Aa 3anoqHe cJreA H3MHHaBaHe Ha HgBecreg ceo6oA,en

Aa ce cbcraBl{ qnl(nonpaMara Ha MexaHH3Ma 3a lrgpa6orBane (Ssr. 4.17 a). Ha Surypara e IIoKasaH H I43pa6orBaHHtlr' .u.erafin. llo;lyanrouarbr pa6orn ro cJreAHr4fr Haqn!i. flpr''ronnlr Mareplr4.1.
OCH

4caeo 2

Qur.

4.18

xo4 (cx) B paI,Ha"[Ho HanpaBneHue, [prr roBa cJreA 3aB.bprrrBaHe Ha otrepaurrgra. ,,pf3ar]e" or Hoxa 5. Ocso6cxAaBaHero Ha fip]ToBr.rfl .ilrarepnalr 3aIIoqBa npe3 tspeNrero ea rpr,ulaHe Ha :aox<a 7 B rr3xoAHo ,Ilo"[cxteH[4e, Ho rlb,'rHoTo pa3TBapflHe i{a qeflrocTrlTe Ha naTpoHHHKa ce

,L

Qnr.
aJr

4.17

ce 3axBaula B qaHroBl{fl narpoHHAK. qpe3 rbp6uq* HHrr Mexaggetru K. Hoxrr 5, rofirs o6crrprsa Aetat?.na Ao A[aMeT.bp d. Ha Abdrx{Hga ,, e 3aKperreH K1'M g311JIHHTSJI{IOTO SBeHO Ha ."p6"u""n MexaHH3bM II. Ilpqoj,nn.br Ha raBI{ r}p6Hqa rps6Ba na ocnryprrBa rrocroflHHa cKopocr Ha noAaBarr. orpeennnT H0)K e noc. TaBeH B',bpxy rape,tKoBufl IlnlSfaq ua rlp6uuHl'Iff MexaHlBbM r' peweiul. Oc'os'ara onepaquf ce r.rsBr,prxBa ol, rbp6'r{H'fl i{exaHu3GM I/, xofito ce npneMa 3a qHKnoB. cae.u, xaro MaTepLIaJI'br, , ce [oAaAe AO IIeHrpoEHfl ynop 3 u ce SarerHe B naTpoHHLKa' HO-

AHaMeTbp

ocbulecrBtrBa npn npu6paH orpe3eH Ho)K B xpafruo no.noxeur.re. flpes KparKrifi rpeCrofi Ha 3arBopa ,10 ua r{asrara 2 B Lr{CHo rcparlHo nofiox{eHr.ie r,rareplla,rrr I e oceo6oAeH H ToraBa ror? ce [peMecrBa (roea ue e rroKa3ano Ha cxeMara) ao qenrpoBr.rfl yflop 3, xofiro Sur<cupa ueo6xoAr.rMara A'birx(r.rHa ea uepa6oraaHe Ha c,'reABaL{Lrrr Aerafin. CneA garsrane Ha rlaurara qpe3 npHABr{}r{BaHe Ha 3arBopa 10 rranstso ofiepardurile ce noBraprrr. lbr,roeara cKopocr Ha rpnre r:lp6uqn e nocToflHHa H eAHaKBa. 3a uanrepranaHe Ha rluKJrorparvrara (Sur. 4.18) ce rocr:brrBa rro .cJreitunfi Haqr{H. Wz6wpa ce orceqKa c Ab,'rxHHa ?, Kogro .{,a cr,ortsercrByBa Ha cyMapHun Saeoe 'bt'bn g:tao*gn*gsn r{ ce rpecMrrra uatqa6Hlrar MoAyn k* -L. Brpxy raBH' orceqr{a ce Har{acfir qep-

pJrnru"nre frasrl Ha ABHX(eHlre rra rr3n-[,"rrHH're"[rloro gBeHo Ha ocHoBHr{fl MexaHr.rg.bM (ntpelrr pe,t ria unK"'rorpanaara). F{a cneAeaqr4re ABa peAa e csoreercrer.re c .a,eiicrBi.rero Ha nonyaBroMara c [ordorqra Ha uaula6uxn NroAyJr ft, ce 'orpaannar rpaTolxHure cmriHocrH nu
3UTC HA CNOMAIATC/'IH.IITC MCXAHH3MII.

Tpq6Ba Aa,gangqHe ABIilI(eHI{eTO CH 9TAqCHO HaIqBO. PgeaueTo 3anorrBa cneA .KparbK oBo60AeH xoA (Cx), seo6xo'u,una 3a AOCrHraHe Ha Hox(a A0 MaTepIraJIa, H npoA'bJIXaBa AO Xp?q Ha sasonun (pagOBIriIT '5Ib,'I Ha OTAa,brbd,r .Ha OrAanerraBaHe ?o Ha r.bp$HrlaTa 4. O6parunnr xo'4 (?oz:0). HyJIa e rlpdnqa ctuara ua npecroii .neqeH 3a Bp'bulaHe Ha Hoxa ce oc'bulec{BflBa npe3 Qaaoour brbJl H8 flr

xr,r 5

A'LJrx{LrHa

.or npbToBrrrr Marepua.[ T.Hoxur 20 o.,tpazva or Hefo ca,orBerHara BaroroBKa v, tr yrs\Wa Ao orBopa Ha Marpr.ruara. llatsnawr 22 [pr.r ABn]r(eHr.rero cu Ha.{flBo c AoJrHrlfl rroaHcoH BKapBa garoroBKara e HenoAafixHara Marpuqa H r.t3BtbprrrBa c.borBerHara rpy6a
77

4.2. fia ce c'r,craBrr rluKd'rotpaMara ea pa6orara Ha .u,BlryAapeH aBroil{ar_Ba cryAeHo KoBaHe (Qur. a.19). Petttenue, AsroMartr pa6orn no cJreAHlrfl Har{fiH. 3aA,er.rxnaurara poJIKa 19 ce saetpra Ha onpeAenen 6r.bJr H noAaBa seo6xoAnola:ra

76

npn4nnxBaHe Ha nd'rb3raqa 22 natsclrre' ce r{gB.bprrrBa cMsHa Ha noaHcoHure raKa, q,e rpn Bropnfl xoa (yaap) sa 22 nansBo ce l4gBbpruBa oKoHrrare,'rHara oSpa6orxa Ha garoroBKara. C.neA orcrpaHnBaHe Ha roroBns Aerafin or Marpnrrara (roea He e noKaaano
(

o6pa6orxa.

flpn

rroxbr 14 orpn*a

." r{aAorry noaHconr,r I 0 usr er ns,.. (rUananona) aeraii,ri.'f;;r;i;;; BpeMe roroB, .qeraftn, araA noaro qriKbJrbr&ce noBrapfl.

saforo*(a' Marpauara B ce xgAn.a Harope H flp'rnc; re'rara K*,M Kopnyca no nepr,Qepnflra Ha 6q,er4na A'eraria.'np;,.;n"';.nr.ro

Qur'. 4.19

fiAb32 Aq
-.,t3t-:f,'Dh

?ploq o0 pame H 00IJ I K?d

eur.
:tucina ofpa6
c4r';

4.21

Jl

epsfa oJpo6l ;/,19ftA I'ib I 1aue

npEC rn o u

9,t;i.l

J-toK 2C

Ii)f-l ombex-

-^-^*-'', ttlJoutltu*

,--j_e "'Cl-.-,

po,txe !9

ricEa\cHe
$sr.4.2J

rnreslli;

I-{ar'rorpalrara Ha aBroh{ara e ,,oKa3a'a na ewr. 4.22. 3a uaqano Ha 3aB'bpraHero Ha rd'IaBHHs na.n e*us6paHo n"no_ xer{r.e Ha pail{oro OC, tpn K_oero_roaHcoH.F,r "o", _p;" t0 ce'iiin;;; M:prBa roura (rouxure O, C w D ,lre)ffar Ha eAHa npu"u;. no"ur*a ocHoBlIIlgr Ko,IIflHo-n'{oro'Bt4,'IKoB r{exaHII3T,M e AeBaKcHa,rIeH; n:brrIHLIgr

ra orq'Ta*e

tolpatnen' xJd
Pict

Hae pa6orHr,rflT I{t{K'L,a'r Ha aBToN{ara ce noBTapfl. Tui Karo flJr.b3r'aq'br 22 [3BbpruBa gea pa6orHrl xoAa 3a eArrr{ pa6oreH quKcir, r. e. Tr:2lnn, r,laeuuffT Bad'r npaBil ABa o6opola, a pagnpeAexureJrriunr -. eAr.tH. Toea Ha/'Iara npeAag,areJ'tHoro orHomeHr{e h,re)i{Ay el,6uarei'xo.le-

Ha cxei\{aTa)

u eprqaHe ua 6"rora c

lloaHcoftr{Te B K3xoAHo iloiio}iie-

r,'2

ct

4e 3

0rnije,*CeHe

tr43I K

otKa ttux /4

/6
da 6a

*e
@ar

-:rn,l['N?ti,e

ta 1 n 5 na

Srae

ino

'-uo4

-2.

4.22

I]nxnorpauara Ha aBroN{ara e noKasaHa rla @Nr. 4.20. 3a i{lrxJroB e us6pau Korqnp-MoroBr4./rKoBugr [,fexarru3'b\,r, xoIlro c,]ry]Krz Ba npeMecrBaHe Ha rll'b3raqa 22" HeaSxoAnMo e Aa ce or6efle>xn, qe ]iBAHranero Ha 3aroroBKara m Hoixa 20 rpnSea Aa BaB'bprilu Har?-xtcHO Ao HaqaJroTo Ha BKapBaHeTo x ts orBo,pa Ha MaTpr4uaTa. 4.3. !.a ce c'bcraBu rlr.rKnorpaMara Ha aBroMar 3a [por.r3BoAcrno ua geraftnn or ,'reHra (Qur. 4.21). Peaenue. AeroMartr pa6orn rro cJreAHr4rr HalrrH. Itrenrara 20 ce noAaBaa rrpes ponKnre-*;,/5 n 15 Ha[[Heo6xoAEMara h'r,.nxusa sa eAHa
78

or9)190'. teqKara ,npaB xo4', rpn6na Aa ocarypu rrper\,{ectBa}rero Ha rroaucoHa ita AocrlrlaHe Ao JIeHTara' c.IIeA Koero 3a[oqBa H3TerJrgHero Ha MarepHa'ra. c.reA Karo BaBbpurr orBe)r(Aalrero Ha noaHcoHa l0 n Marpu\ata B, leurara c o0oprraesprs Aeraiix ce ocso6oxAaBa , anaa ,o"u Moxe Aa _ganoqHe @asara Ha rroAaBaHe Ha JrenToBr{fl Marepnan qpe3 potxara 16.
79

xoA, Ha noaHcoHa 1A or ropHa Ao Ao,Tga MbprBa ror{Ka ce rlBMHHaBa rla 'brr,,/r Ha 3aB'bpraHe r{a Kor'rfluoro Ha qr{KnorpaMara

TO KorcJro

NETA'f JIABA
KI,THEMATIIKA TIA 3'bEHI4 MEXAIII'I3MIT

;;il;;;

r Il o. .4BH){(eHne -- c a t e t u at.J* g Ki"eilnarnqnllte

rraqan"Hrl uflnilHtrpH,

.l .E-".pri".r 11eHipail n, a "

?

r1.i- .ic ce afirn ororo

(unu 3t6Hsc 6rcx 2-2',) e

noABHiI(Ha. 3aendo c nocta ff, nape*ex o6ur:ira oc sir r,reibsniltrb. 3r6snre xoaeaa 1 n Korieroro 2 (um 2-2'\, ribero Ii3BaprIBa croi(Ho

unno*lpfiqnnre st6Ha roreaa ce ne'o6parrear ycAO{Ho iaorya"ntu'*orera : cr,oT8ergo c Ha.rarHHre fioHycH.

6
5.1. KI,IHEMATNKA HA O6}IKHOBEHI{ H ENUqI{KJIHqHH SbEHI,I MEXAHI43MI,I

gl6Hure Cuope4 xapaKTepa Ha ABH)KeHHero Ha gl6sllre KoJIeJIa ce AenfT Ha ABe rpynu: MexaHr.tsMH -^-t. o6urcuoaeuu st6au ,rxorreii. flpu rax eCuqrr s16nl4 KOIella ce BlprsT

.*r ffi1 ,/
AII

cxeM[re Ha ereo(o,1o HenoABflxHIt reoMerpurtlu ocv. Ha @rtr' 5'1 ca nso6paseHa

AI2

ii
<Dsr. 5.4

AA

U
6He

,l.!

a) ausepeHur-rarHH-[raxaHLt3MH. npl-l KoHTo H aBere ueHTpansE lr,6rn rolela ca noAeHxHH, T. e. MexaHH3MLt C.lBe CreneHH Ha cBO6oIe (S4r.5.4);
-'

Er errleura pRure etlg qI.IKtr4I{Hu sl6HI4

rr,rexa

nusrii{

ar:

0),

'z A>"ta,

r. e. nliurexarjaf -eAsa

creIIeH xa cBo6oAd. Ala0epenuraalrxrlie MexaHusl{s c ABe creneHs na cno6oAa npI'ITe)I{aBar [Ba 'Bxo' aa'fi equH ,H3xoa', T, e,,(BHII{eHHqra Ha 3Begara BMexaglrsMa rqe 6laar onpeac' resu, xoraro ce 3aaBlrx<Bar no no3Har HaqHH ABe 3BeHa (aBe BoAeull seeua) ($nn. 5.5 d;. MexaHH3MLIre c eAHa creneu na cno6oaa (o6tlruoneuu HnH nnanerHlr) n no'
coqeHrrff cMr,lccr npHTex(aBaT

6) ,nnaaerun

MexaHfi3Mll, B xou'To eaHoro ueHTpaJIHo KoreJlo

He[oaBI'IXHo'

@ur. 5.1

eAHH

aonbnrluTETHA K'JHCMATHI{HA SATBAPqU-IA BEPH|A, CC HApuqar 3arBopeHr.r au{epeHnHaJlH14 MexaHH3MH. Taraaa BbHruHa KtlHeMarxqHa Bepnra, Haft-qecro st6eH Mexarlt.tslM c erHa creIIeH Ha cso6o,qa (o6lrrHceeu fiJrl{ nraHereH), lroxe ra ce nocra14

rapeir auQepeHllhaneH MxaHu3'I'M

3l6gu

irbur. 5 5 a). "Lr3xon' uexaux3MH, c'bcritBeHlr oT

eIuH ,axoA"

eJreMeH-

ausepenuua;lnss rtexaHil3aM (r$ur. 5 5 d)' flplr fiscreAeaHero 14 [poerTupaHero Ha s:r6na lrexaHrl3Mu ce pe[IaBar traBHo .iIBa rl'i-

BHMelKAy3Beuala.luS, Iu

H, Hn3sa

IIa
[,

Qur. 5.2
MeHTaoHH O6firiHOeeHn el'6Hr.t l{exaHllSvtvi a

Qar.

5.3

npeAaBarennoro orHoilleHlze Ha Aa.qen MexaHI.t3bM qpe3 6pon na at6ure sa KoteJlara HnH TexHHre '4uaMerptl' 2. Onpe4elaue Ha ellAa sa sr6Hr4R MeXaHU36M

t t. llpecuaraue Ha

3aAaqq:

Snr.

5.5

n 6pon Ha sr6ute

Ha Ko]Ierlara

neflBaHe. u 6- leoftKa t'""il07*i,o"o"*,i;;;;";

Konena

r'I KoHycIrH sl6xs xoaera (QHr' b'J)' Kone;a "-"-i. ($ur. 5.2), BKnIoqHretIIo HcKon oT E"u,au*Ai,uu soduu uexauusiu, Tona ca MexaHIl3MI.Ire' I KOITTO cxeMfia g-rdsnre Ko,teJla HMar noABH)r(HIt reoMerpl'IqnT ocu' Ha $ur' 5'4 ca noxa3aHa

MexaH'3srn Morar aa

c BtrpeulHo

gaqenBaHe'

AeoiiKa sa6HI4 KOneJla

B6nIIIHO 31'

NO 3A,4AACHI{ NPCAABATCNHI.I OTHOIIICHI'IS. B eaevenriprure MexaHH3Mu Ha Qur. 5.1 npe4aeareJlHoTo

or'otueHlte ce o''pe-

aetfl or
{5.t
)

cbA'pxar

H- no-ro,'rnrrt

6poir sr6nn
K:blIeTo @1 H'rd2

tD. t1g: (ilE '::r

fo rt-

Z, = zl '

ca c'LorBeTHo blaOsure
trPoeKrHPaHe
Aal+

CCOpOCTI4;

TGHaqeTI,lpI4TuIIaeneMeHTaprruenxnuuu.IHl-iMexasilsMl|l,BKoItToocTaHasl6go.l
6 P-Bo sa xYPcoBo

AenHrenHltre oKplxHocrll H

r2t 22 11 rl: zt- paAEyCIlTe Ha 6potr ua al6Hare Konena; 3saKbr 81

80

aoro

s,b6en MexaHre3bM, noKr3eE ra Qxl. 5.2, ,qglixrcxxero Ha Korece [peAaBa Ao Konenoro 7 vpee nocaeAooaferEo cBapsanlt ,qsoftxu sa6nts xoae.rla (.rpes HtxoJtKo creneHu). flpogaearemoro orHorrreH[e Ha rIGrItn re*aEEsail ce flonyqaBa KaTo npor.r3BeAeHr.re oT trpeAaBaTerH[re oTHqxenFfl Ea oTAerHnTe cTe-.

B o6arsoaenuq

,+r ce ornacg 3a eAnorlocoqna porauts rra gD6flaTe KorerS (nrrpe,ruro aarlelIBatre-Qrr. t.l 6), a suaxbr ,*" 3a pa3xo-' nocortHa poraqnr (eruurro gaqetrBrge-Qnr. 5.1 a).

sr6nugr

or qc'rpan'r{re xorotra (r udu E snr. b.4) e aeno4rNxno, c glanererr (c e,4ua,crenen na cao6oaa). B iosu cryuafi, uarrpnMep os:o (Qnr. 5.4 61, ea [peAaBarenaoro orHorleHne ifl ce noayqasa
Koraro eaHo
MexaHHsaM

IIEI{, ,1r...

.H riq':H,tH

ol-ofl -tn?

rrrl . ---:t--:1-irn ,H

(s.z)

;;T#_

itz. iz,t.

isc. i a,s, iv

6,

i*T:*. .t, 2,,

25

Z6

24'

23' (5.4)

. Mgoxnrerqr (-l)fr onpe.qe,rs snara Ha npeAaBarenHoro orEoueHne, rlgero ,t" e oposr rla ABotrr{Hre BGHurHo Ba4eneHr.r Konena. 3a npnuepa or tpryypala fr:{ (at6uoro xoneto 3 e napasnruo-rbrosfite pa3Mepr{ He orasBar Bnllrrxne na crofi* f,ocrr-a lla [pelaBarenHoro orEoileHl{e; ToBa r{oteto npoMeHq ceMo suara na /r7).
xo,teaa, snaRtT x(a [Pe,qaBaTeJgoTo oTHouIeHHe HgMa cMHcbJl, aKo BxoIffllIHflT It HgxoAtul&tT Ban He ca ycfiopegnl. B rosu cnyqafi caorBerHn.re nocoKn Ha B]prcne ce ottpe.(erqr ylooHd.qpes r. Hap. npaB[Jro Ha crpcnKnre. ToBa npanu.lo Mo)r{e aa ce npsroxE l! B MeXEHtaSMItre c qEnI.rApgrIHi{ sl&Iu rorera. Axo ce o3Earru c1,c crpexKa nocoKara- Ha- cKopocrta sa eaBa roqxa or neparpepuara ua sa6nmo ro.lelo I (Qur. 5.1 a), cxopocrra Ha ana,noraqna roqKa or neiufrepnqra Ha Korenoro 2 ue orroBaps Ha c?perKa c o6parna Bocora. llpa rtrpeulxb -saqeneaHe (Sirr. S.1 6)

hH:r-if,,
B

'.. fi-r+;A
r
B

B xHneMatgc'a Bepafa, a EoffTo ca

Brnrosegu

u rouycnr, sr6xu

saaa.r.a 5.1 e peuten flpnuep ua" o6r.xuoneH s.r,6eH lrexanusbM, 3atraqa Ha anQepenqrane' Mera*r,rs'M n B saAas' s,B 5.4 Ha 3s?Bope'n ,uueepenuHanHB MexaHH3MH. Ana;ilgtr ga o6nrnogexrire H e[HuLIKTHqHHTe gr6gu nrexauu3Mu Mox(e ,qa ce H3Btprltr u no rpasu.rex ntr, flpe.qxMcrBoro Ha ro3u MeToa e HeroBara Harxe,4socr. llpn nero ce H3non3yBa ycron'eio sa aunefiHo pa3rrpere,reHHe Ha c*opocrr{re r{a TOqKI'rre or sBeHo c paBHr{HEO AB[xeHue. flo rosu MeroA e perueria sa,qa,ra 5.5"
5.2

aBeTe cTpenxm IIIe RMaT eAHaKBB

ue ca c.brrecrBegll: npg B}Hrn* gaqenBaHe crpeJtxa?e rpn6na aa ca nacoqeHu Kl,M KoHTaKTT{ara roqr(a Ha xore. ilara HrH H ABete,qa coqar n o6parna nocoKa; npa BtrpeuHo 3atlerrBa, e c?penxuTe ca erHonocoqEH, a npE. IfoHycHlI KoreJIa ?e ca EacoqeHH I{aM I(oHTaKTHara rorrxa

so

B Aer?crearerxocr

trOCOKn,

caMr{Te nocoKu EN crpeJtkuTe

5.2. nOABt{pAtNE HA

6pog HA 3bEnTE HA ElrHrlt4KJllrqfil,l

3b6HI,I MEXAHH3MI4
f,Io.u6apauero Ha.6por ua sr6?ire ce cacro' B HaM'pa'ero Ha \ucnz 21, a s (6pofi Ha carenETnre), Kor1ro ocr,rryprBar flpenflucarroro npeAaBal0./lHo orHoneHue Ha MexaHH3Ma H yAoBnerBopsBaT ycnoButra 3a c"botHocr, clce,{CTIIO I,I MOHTA)I{.

3:r,6en rltexasaer'M. Taxoea npeo6pasynaHe ae n6ry"uuu cJreA nHBepcus no oruolreuge Ha BoAuroro .F/- Ha qeJras .uasepenqua;reu rai:xanuatu ce sa4ara odlrla rrnosa cxopocr' paBHa no roJreMHHa H O6parua.no ilocoxa Ha lrnoB3Ta cr(opocr (,)H ga

[peABapqrenHo noirxoAqrqo r(HHeMarHqHo npeo6paeynaue ria MexaHu3Ma s b6urnoBen

- onpenerflHe Ha Bpa3KHTe Mex.qy r,rloBu?e cxopocru B Aa.qeH Aga,tnru.rHoto eJIeMeHrapeH ariQepenupra,reH MexaHH3rM (Sur. 5.4) Moxe Aa ce iaetpLlu ,rpes
H ctava HerroABl.rxHo (crorlxa) H Metrace npeBp6rqa s o6axsoeeH. Cre.q rasH lrBBepcErr 3a
3aBE-

(urn odparno

gnr.

5.3).

)'2, 22,, z3

'er

l. Edugpedoea npedaotta 6es u3.ilecmlaHe .l/1 14s;. 5.4 a). QopuynxpaHure qerlrpa H3ucKce cBexAar ao
ii|:-i, zo
3BBacr.tMocrure

BoAltnoro. IIpn roea noroxeHHe 3Begoro

HIr3Mar

rr;rrrafl

($nr.

5.6):

or

AuoepeHur4areH

ECSqKX MexaH*r3Mu
CI-IMOCTHTe

or Qxr, 5.4 npe4anarerHHTe orxoruefiils ce aspa3ffBar cac

(s.5)

zs:zr*2l.. AB)2(r,l

'"""

(5.3)

;n-?j_:n_ .a_!t-ot_tt :H 2r-'o "13 tu3-0..1 ' .tz: ,r_^, , ,za:is_rr'

*hIml,
()r rpure
(1r.6)

u:f
I

{r,+ru}.

paBeHcrBa ce uotyqaBa

.rleeare,qacrr Ha ypaBneHxrr' (5.3) saencsr or reoMerputrurjre napaMerprr Ea MexaHu3Ma (anauerpn r.l_rr 6pofi na gr,6are na xoaenara) a xor-ato ,e ci ,,rccHo ce [pecMflTar. Hanparuep 3a MexaHH3Ma or rpnr. b.4 6 re ce oupe,(enflT """e.."no olt
H3pa3HTe:

creueHnnsr [oKa3arer B r{gpagrare o3'aqaBa, qe ri'Bepc'nra e r{sBaprxe'a cflpfMo 3BeHoTo' o3HaqeHo c To3fl HHAeXc, T. e. ToBa 3BeHo ce cqaTa 3a nenoABHXHo.

-1 't:us ia_
ifs zg-vs -:Ir

t Zz:'ts

;fi+r

ifr_l

__ zs . zs :H .zz :H_ z! tln:zt. zr, t1;:--f , ,rr:2.

-H

flo asaaoruqe'
BAqrrre Mexasr.t3ur{

np'l '(pytH

HaquH ce HaMHpar H [peAaBarerHr{Te

KgneMarr.rqgB cxeMrr.

orroile'r4s B npeo6pa3y.

xl'AeTO y e qtJlo tttrCJ'to, xOeTO Ce Ofipe,qenff Ta$ar 'tC Zy 22 H 29 Aa Ca ,(OCTaTTqHO rOJteyH u g,Cntl rrncrar 3e ra HrMa rlo,qpr3gaHe Ha srdure.
K-una

"i-l

Sar.
5.6

ycloanrra.(5.6) rps6ea ra ce go6aeu

u nepaBeHcrEo?o

82 83

(s.7)

iff-t ;f,*r
Ha

sin

r |>t+|

ni'

xarero hf,e rcoc$nancnrtr

Iynn
{5.8)

2. taypedoaa
Ha BcHqKlr

gr6nn roreaa 3aBsorMocrure urar Bt4ia (Qrr. 5.6) H tit:zz. zl 'Z1fZo:Z+-22', _ -r.-2,

npedaorca

6es uiaecmeaue

Bncoqnflara Ha nragara xa a'r6,r; uafi vecro ftl-1. Al2 (Qur. 5.4 6). I-lpx aHaKBr{ Mo-

MeroA'br f,a c:br.H_oxr_re,rHre e yro6eH 3r onpetrerqge nr 6por nr AI2,,4l n II 1ryur.5 4). 3; xrrocrpaqxfl Ba Merofla ulc p&r. reAaMe eAHa rrpeaaBxa ,44 ($ur. 5.4 a1, c.rreg xoero rqe o-Oo6ulrx 3aBncruoettrrt t 3a ocTaHlrBTe trpeAaBxH. Or ypaexgxllgro qp npeAaaarefHoro ortrouen$e irro=l=ift c. nayppa cro!docrra Ha aPodra tfrF+ -r!. n"urrrroro ornoruexne ce 3sMeH, c roBa Ha I
sr6nre Ba npeaaBxu
caynoxurerilTe, T, e. Ha uerH noloxureaiN cncra, npo[qp[Honannn na 6pon na gr6rre na rorerart
(5.

AB>dan, u:r.SD
KTIeTO

zr.z2,+z.J.z2

t0)

zzzg b.d
2f2, a.c

D e nafi-roaeusqr o6u

AerHrerHA z2u

zi,, a m oTtoBapfl Ha rro-roJrflMoTo

carerr.rEo xoreno (22 ntn 22,)" Broporo paBerrcT6o e r6qHo trpn HyneEH H ript46nr& sl{reJlHo (e rpaxuunre Ha nnrolro rl6a) npn st6ua Korena c H3Mecrbi*e Ha Hi: xoaEsn Ko[ryp. flol6upaxero ua 6pcinr Ha sr6nte u 6pos s Ha careJlHTttrd Mox{e Aa craf,e creAEHfl E!qHF..O[peAe.'rn ce6port Ha st6ilre 21,22, 22,H zg, KATI ce cna3Barl Boro paBenc,rso or (5.8) roqto, a Broporo upn6nu3ure.lro. ftpu rooa 6poflr - 17, gaOHTe ne 6uea ra 6b,ae Msoro [o-Marrsx or 3a Aa Moxe c HBMecrBaHe ga

--ra.4ero irHcroro d e nponopunoHlnHo na i1, b aa 22, c Ha 22, n d: H& 23. C or_ rcA Ha ycrFBHeTo aa caocltoc? z1{zy-22,*zs (rcrlrrlforrac-a c c.unaxrn ro,qyl) e ueo6xo4u4o !a ce Br'er4r xocrprurnexi[Te Ha nponopu'oHanHocr ucx4y uncn6rt a, o, c qC H 6p6rHa sr6nre- e1 B 2 clorserro 3a rBe?e rt6gr ,qsolrir. Toraer ycnoBlcro 3a caocHocr ce u3Me8f B @+bl*e*(cfd). Hafi-npocroro 'ptmeHre -npu .ei CC flr|OnyqaBrr et:c+d

AKO

u ez:a-l-bt
b

x6ero

6porr Ha Sr6rre 23 IIa Hafi-ron ro et6so Koncro rpn6aa 4a e B!3MoxEo ManbK. Cnea roBa ce npoaeprea roro paBexcrBo, Karo clueBpeMenno ce no46apa fiolxoi(nu 6pofi s Ha care
loAHr4ff XOHryp Aa Ce U36erHe [O,[pr3BaEeTo.

,H 'rs: ;e+q.4a+bj- '

Toraca

(cld). rt (afb)

H Haxpsr ce npoBepflBa rperoTo HepaBeHcTBo. Toga ce [paBE rreKonKoKparHo HaMI.IpaH'e Ha no,qxoArrrlo peuesue. flpu upe4nounraHe HaenHo Hnr.r Apyro peuel ce qenn flocrgraHero sa M[Hr,rMarHH pasMepn. flpu neeguaran Moryn[ Ha .[Bere c neHr{.cerrpoMeHff caMo Broporo paBerrcrBo n (5.d). , 3. !,aypedooa npedaarca c BaHaHo AA u c otmpewvo II saqeneuu rc,o,te 6ee usuecmaaae (gut. 5.4 a u e), 3aencunocrhrc ,srrlal nl4a (Snr. 5.6)
(5.e)

gt 6por xa sl6ure caeAsr u3pl3nrc

(5.1l)
f,b,(ero

4?a ((+dlv, z1-b (a*dl

v.,

zr,+c (a1b)u, zg=d (a{.bllv,

xo,(yJtHTe

----. .H 22. zZ tft:zLJz,' z1*22:zt*22', ABldo*, u= -

Z1 -

22,-Zg.

22

,D

r e lpolt3Borno qrno qncro. Ar(o mlz cr a*b mz,s e, c+d

xrTetrr n

cr

pa3rr.tqH[, ce rl$rarl

flonoxurersule igautt BrB BToporo paBegcrBo ce oraacflr sa AA, a orpgrrare

re

sa 11 rpeAaBxa.

'21Hzg.

onncaH sa AI2 trpeAaBKa; 3a Ha[raaqbaue xa ra6apuruilre pa3ilrepu e ,yMecrgo /ra nocTqlHe npU,AA_-[pe,qaBKa MHHItMr43HpaHe ga no-roJlffMaTa oT cyuure. zr{22 2.2 4+222', a npn II nberaera rpa6na ad e MHHriMareH uo-ro.leurir 6pof,r'ts6u

floa6upauero Ha

6por na sr6Rre u dpoa s Ha carennrare cratsa

no

cxo6nre, orrolapru na ar6sre xa MarKoro gr6xo xoaeio or ol6ue aBdlrm c Barpcuro 3aue[BaBe, ce B3eMa c orplua?ereH 3nax. Heo6xoanxara [poBepr{a 38 clceAcrBo H MoHtax ce lrsBrpu]Ba lro nocJretrBnre ,qBe 3aBrcttMocru or (5.9), pccn (5.q). Ilpoadpxara sa gacf{croo Moxe Aa cc nsBl,pullr H lto r3pa38
(5. I 2)

I4rpasrr (5.11) e Barsles n sa AI2 u.I1npb4raxu, no B re3' cryqa, c',,Ho-

Or nocoqenrre saBucuMocrtt 3a onpeAenfiHe ua 6por na sr6flre ce qe fi3non3yBaHero ga [tMecrBaHero rBapAe MHoro yBenHqaBa Ba3MoxHocrnre

. 180, z"l2 srn-;)4*rii,

g
lt ze?.19, \tptl zz1z2,,3naxqr B sHaucHaTerfl e noroorpHlarcren 3a t]rperuEo Bauenenn sl6nr rotteaa ,/ H 2

cngTe3 [a ertaquKnrqga Mexanlt3Mr.t. ,(erlcrstlreaHo cna3Bauero Ha p:raencrao a (5.8) nlr r (5.g) e tro-necuo or crra3Banero Ha roqHoro paBeH( Crqo raxa e Bb3Molroro aa 'ce noA6epar ar6Hu Konera c 6port ua ui6"r., MataK or rpanuqrrHg, Karo c ri3Mecr8aHe ce ue6efHe noApr3BaHero, Karro ce .4a, npOeKtIgpaEeTO Ha enurlljK/'ruqfig sr,6Hrr npg46sKH OT pa3rnex/.aHrrre rllnoBe I{3MeCTBaHe e reo6ocnonauo npaKTHqecxtr l4 ,qopa HeabSMoxHO npH HrrKon cny (xor.aro nonyqexure croiiHocra 3a zj ca MHoto roneMr4). flpr onpe4eanHe ua 6por Ha er6ure xesecinr,t yAo6crBa npearara MeroaDr ctltnoxxTeJlnre Cro,sfi MeloA ce cna3BarycroBtrflTa sa nocrl.,rane sa Ho orflorrrexa I{ ctocxocr; 3a ocranaryre ycaonni cb npaan Aonanuure
npoBpKa.

fia,[eTo 2r=77ttpu zz)2.2t

)r(B"eren 3a BanuHo (gur. 5.4).

84 85

SAAAqH Kb/U IIETA TJIABA

5.1. na ce oflpeAenrr npeAaBareJrHr.rre orHoueHr.tfl iru, i* a i5x fla MexaHr.r3Ma or $ur.5.7, ^a.v.o z1-2Q, zz:8A, Zz,=30, ii,:26, Za:45, Zt,:13, zt:'26; z+,:32, zl: l6,J Za:46, 26,:27:Je. Peutenue. 3a rtpceHoro i1u no )'paBH. (5.2) cneaea

i|-ffi: -+, orKbAero nt:Jllo.min-1; ot*tnro r3:lQ8 min-l; ilr:ffi:|,

@ur. 5.7

<Dsn.

5.8

,,.

r,'l

,?:":t;.""tnHre 3a i,, cneABa orHouem{ero

irs:irz.i2,s:

lrexauil3Ma nMa KoHycHa npeAaBKa H 3HeKbr na qu ute ee on-ycnopeaHrr) peAenn c rpaBfinoro Ha crpenrrrre (ocnre ua I u 5 ga crpenrv Ha cxertnara ." ;; i;;b, ;- 6

'B

l#l -

ttz. iz,e, . irat i a;5 -'7?-

Z. *. fr : #*ffi
""6.n";d

u.
<Dnr. 5.9
<Dar.

6
ttt

5.10)

a ta ig

c'borBerHo

*.+('2'

l)t: -6,
' v Z He ca yc-

liurl:iso,.Ics,iaz,.ir^.iu":*.
llpeAaaareauoro oruorrrenae /u, Rxua gHar (ocnre S
nopeaHu).

5.2. B nocoqeHrrfi na ear. 5.8 an$epeHrlnaneH MpxaHH3.bM st6HoTo K'ore;ro ,l Ir eoAnnoro -5 uuar uicio"r Ha B.bpreHe c.borBerHo h:290 min-1 H ft6: I l0 min-I. ,{a ce oflpeAenflr qecrorr{re Ha A'bPTEHE ftY fl8 H II41 zKO BCI{I{KU SI6HI{ KOJICJIA HMAT CAHAK'bB MO. Ayn r.r cborBerfir.rffr 6poft Ha st6ure Ha r(oJreJrara e zr:22, zz:18, Ze:20, z+:54. Petaexue. Ha qeanr MexaHr.rg:bM BaAaBaMe o6parHa brJroBa cKopocr (uecro'Ta r{a nrpreue) nu. 3a noafve'r.s ' odurrrcneH ar"5en
MexaHHBtM cneABa? orgotuegasra (5.3), 86

r.

e.

3a ctocHocr zr+227f zs:zt, +21. orK'bATo zs,:)1. 5.3. Aa ce onpeAenr.r [peAaBareJrHoro orHoruegue i,, Ha noKa3a,I{tlff Ha tpnr. 5.9'gr6en MexaHi.rgbM, ago \:25,:lQ, Zz:Zs:22, za' : za- 50, zt :60, zs: 40; BCTTLiKH er6rlu KoJIeJIa I{Mar eAHaK'I'B MoAyn. Peutewe. IIoAgnxHn oca B rrenufl MexaHH3bM npnrexaear, er6,nilre KoJrena 2 n 6. Koreloro 2 ce BauenBac xole.nara I u 3, t. e. IIeHrpanHHre KoJreJra I n 3 (u anere no4arzxnu). BoAr.rloro 4 u caTeJILIrHoro KoJreno 2 o1pasyaar 4u$epeHqvaJreH MexaHngbM. Broporo careJIi.ITHo KoJredrro 6 sae/.I/lo c xoJrerara 5' u 7 (Uenrpa.lnra) u uo4a.aoro B o6paeynar nJraHereH MexaHHB'bM (c e4ua'cren-es na cso6oAa, tli"t xaro roz=0). Togn nnauereH MexaHa36M saeAHo c o6nxHoeeHnre geofiru KoJreJra S, 4 n 8, J, o0oprraflr sarBapsqara KHHeMarriqHa Bep,Kra Me)I{Ay ocHoBHHre BBeHa 4 n 3 sa 4n0epenquanHr.rfl MexanugbM. Ha $nrypara e nocoqeHa n 6aoxoBara cxeMa Ha qeJrnfl MexaHLIgbM.
87

q:22 min-l. Epoar sa gr6ute 23, ce onpeAenrr flpeABapr{renuo or ycJroBr{ero

'

j5 - nt-nu-:-*+ "t+- ,1^-17u .r . .8. H cborBerHo

Karo ce meMar {Ipeanu4 yplpy: (5.3) n (5.4), aa ocHoBHHq Au$epexqnaaeH uexaunivbM H 3a 3arBapqqara Bepnra cborBerlo Mo)r(e IA CC HATIHUIC
,. -tg tol-Orl t.rr-to1
Zg 21

1,,*nrr*-306-0,

64 2u

1,,*+,,-+oo:o

i.,
ro3,

_fi__i.

r.

is,a.

Axo AscHara crpaHa Ha n'bpBoro

c nolyqaBa

^.

_ (_

+)

(,

. *)

(_*):+
2t'

ypaBHenr.re

ce pa3Aenrn noqneuHo e

ffi: -*--f
,,r-#-856. _.1"
*2zo:64.

"'"

trs:its(*"

t)*+'
ce onpeAe

orrbAe?o cnaA gaMecr8ane Ha las or BToporo

ypaBHeHHe

6porr Ha srdrte .Hr Konerar a 3 u 7 ce npec-rrrrra npenapnre/IHo oT c.boTBeTHHTe ycnoBllg m C'bOcHOcT: Zx:21{)2r-64 u Zr-21,s

5.4. Aa qi ettp9Aern npeArBareJlHoro orHoIIIeHHe irq fl.? noxasa; HHfl Ha cpur. 5.104 MexaHI{3bM or cKopocrHa Kyrnfl, dKo zr:21,-zt:20, 72-7r-iQ, ls,:zu-|$. St6wrre xoJrera ca HyreBIr lf HMar eAHaKbB MO.[yn. Pcwexuq. llo ycnonue 6porr Ha e:b6lire Ha KoreJlara 3, 5 u 7 He e u3aecreH. Onpe,qeJIR ce or c'borBerHllre ysnoBHs ga c'bocHocT:

zs:4*2zs=80, e6:2t.a 2.-14:30 n 27:2s' f)2u:J$. Karto ce Bux,u,a or KHHeMarHqHara cxeMa, MexaHnglrbr e ,c'bcraBeH or ABe rpyn[: .qn$epenqsaJlHnfl MG.xaHIrgtM I c qetrrparHH KcJrela I u 3, cateanrso KoJIeao 2, so$uno 7 u l*t$epenquannus MexaHH3IM II c qeurpaaHr KoJIeJIa 1' n 5, carernreg 6tot< 4-4'rr BoAHJto
TegH gna 4uQepeHqHaJIHH Mexanu3Ma ca cBbp3aHH r{pe3 3BeHara l-1' u & OcseH ToBa HanHIIe e SaTBapSqa fuHeMaTLIrIHa Bepura ,u,snNeuHero or 5' gpes et6noro l(oJteno 6 npepuuaga BbB BoAHnoto 7 ($ur. 5.10 d).

<Dur. 5.1I

3.

orrbAero ce nonyrlaBa

11,q-$or-0

H cborBerHo l1u:fr:

133 / --35--o'
or $n,r. 5.1 I a no rpa$nven nar. Epgnr Ha sr6ure Ha Koretara (ncf,gru c eAHaKtB uo4y.rr) e caoTBerHo 71:sn:)7, za:19, zr,-32, Zs:14, za,:40 a Z6:!1.
Ma

3a Asara 4HQepenqnaJlgn Mexars3Ma u Ba BarBitpturara Bgprlra

5.5. Aa ce

onpeAeJrn npeAaBareJtHoro orHoueHxe /ru ua uexaHue-

MO)K CT,OTBeTHO

Ia

Ce Ha[Hrrle
.0r-0' *t:_:-" i7.:*t ro (')3-(t)z
Za 21

-_4-.
I
4

-15
e76_

J/ir

tr)r

t,rs-r,l3
tt)a

- tl)3

ZS. Z4 24,

'z y

2.,

u5

-,5'

CneA eanMnnnpaHe Ha o, oT nbpBoTo u Tperoro ypaBHeHr{e cJreACHCTEMATA

Peuexue. Ha.lepraea ce B npolt3BoJrcH Marqa6 rnseuarnqHaTa cxeHa MexaHusMa (Qnr. 5.11 a). Kaxro ce BH)KAa or Het, sBenara l, 3, 2-2' n 6 o6pasynar g,nQepeHrll{ateH MexaHH3bM, a snexata 3'n 5,4 s 6-naanereH MexaHrsrrra (ou:Q). TesB Asa MexaHHgMa nptrrexanar o6ulo so,quJro - 3BeHoro 6, n o6ulo ueHrpaJlHo Koreno nr6xus 6aox 3-3'. flperapna ce Beprur(ar'rHara npaBa ee v Blpxy Hen ce npoeKTltpar' BcHqKH xapaKTepHn ToqKH or MexaHngtv,a: A, B, C, D, Ay 02 u Ot (Qnr. S.tl 6). Tasu npana ce H3nonayBa Ba nocrpoflBane Ha nJIaHa
Ma 8S

88

*ia cKopocrnre.
'.(nan Ha

flpaeara, Bapxy Kosro rpr6n3,,4a ne)r(ar BbpxoBere Ha cxopocr6re 'Ea BcHrrKa roqxn or BBenoTo$ 3-E, ce noJryqaBa, Karo ce cbeAltHg

r. C) or

Hari-HatnpeA Tp,n6sa Aa ce Hanece cropocrTa na r. B BBeHoro 3, roRro ce uso6paexBa c orceq&rra Bb.

npeAcraBnflBa ,Aecen BHHr, c 6pofr na xoAoBere KoJreno ca z2:36. 5.10. Aa ce onpeAenl{ npeAaBarenHoro oTHoIxeHHe /rn Hd noKa3aHara ne6eAKa. rpu 21:/r:12, zs=36 (@nr. 5.16).

Ko,'rcro

h:1, a es6ttre Ha qepBffrrHoro

2: t{epnnrrsr

.! ; \\
\,
I'
,2

f,
<Dnr.

uaT
mz7)

A
<Dur. 5.14

<-Q

hl,;r- l

5.t2

Qnr.5.13
Ha

@ar. 5.

15

Qar.

5.16

'viLd.

r.".0 c.roqra O1,'iBrpxy r:llln npaBa Jrexn H BbpxtT c

cKopocrra

'cKopocrr{re Ha sBenoro

ogpeAeJlf Pag[IpeAeJIeHHero Ha qg Haunpa GKopdctTa Ha r. on Ilpaaaia, Korro cBrpsBa r. oi c qenrrpa 03, - orce.rrcaraZl. orfoBapf, Ha pasnpeleJreHHeTo Ha cKoltocTnte Ha Bo,4HJroro 6 H creA Karo rfl ce npeKapa, ce onpe4erfl CKoPoCTra Ha ti Or Or BoAHJloTo O,o,. flo rarre HaquH ABe roqKl{ or caTenHTHns 6aox -orceqKaTa nuar Beqe onpeAeneHu cr(opocru roqKnre B n 02. Cstpsoat 2-2' ,ce B'L,pxoBere,.Ha rexHr.rre cKopocrlr (rovrnre o2 u b2l H ce nonyqaBa npaBara, m'pxy Kofro rpn6na Aa nexH H Bcpx'br 4 Ha cKopocrTa 'oA Ha r. 4. ;fiauepeHara roqKa a ce cBbp3Ba c qeHTbpa Or 'bran-

Tsft raro oD:O, nngltfira

{,

upes Korro

<Drrr.5.17

Onr.

5. 18

@nr. 5.19

JtnHUId 3a pa3npeAengHHeTo Ha^CKg,: pocTHTe Ha.rrleHTpanH[Te SBeHa c npaBaTa ee, ce ogHiqaeat c 01, 03 ,u 0u. flpeaaBarerHoro orHorrreHrre iru ce npecMrra c ornoureHzero,

Te, KOHTO ClfIrOrrBaT, CbOTBeTHHTe

_. ot : ,ru: ,u

tg 0r tgou

5.6. ,4" ce onpeAenu qecrorara Ha BbpreHe Ha gr6Horo KoJreJIo '6 or srdunfl MexaHns'bM (Qnr. 5.12), aro nr= 1460 min-l n 6poar rHa s'b6lrte Ha gt6Hzre KoJreJIa e z1:g5,*)A, 22:26:80, gy:15, 3r:60, z+,:17 H z6:51. 5.7. [a. cq onpeA,eJrqr npeAanare_Jruoro orHorueHr.re /16 !I {Crortr "ra Ha lrbpreHe Ha sr6Hrare KoJreJra 3 u 5 (Qnr. 5.13), ,alr'o zr:22.:' : z?, : 24, :20, zs: Z+: zs: 50, zz,- B0 u n r- 750 min-l. 5.8. Aa ce o_npeAenrr npeAaBarennnTe orHo[reHrrl i1a vt ir7 ,na .MexaHIl3Ma, axo 6poxr Hagt6ure Ha gt6snre r(oJreJra z1:zs':g'-, -20, zz:24:26:30 u zr:2s:zz:80 ($ur. 5.1a). 5.9. Aa ce onpeAenu npeAaBareJrHoro orHorrreHue ie Ha qepBflqHara npeAaer<a (@ar. 5.15) u nocoKara Ha Btprerre Ha qepBntrHoro
90

5.12. ,[a ce onpeAenflT qecrornre na ntpleHe Ha BoaHJIoro H n Ha caTennTuoro et6Ho KoJIeJIo, oKo ll1 :120 min-l, zr:40, zz:20u ;r : B0 (QHr- 5.18). 5.13. ,II,a ce onpeAenflT qecrorltre Ha BbpreHe Ha Bo,{,rloro F/n Ha se6goro KoJreJli) 3 e nocoqegng MexaHLr3bM,. aKo nr:750 min-1, zr:15, zz:45, zz':za:20 n zE:zt:80 (@fir. 5.19). 5.14. 3r6soro Ko,/rer'lo ./ ce nrprn c fi1:600 min-1. Aa c orrpeAexflT r{ecTornTe Ha BtpreHe Ita BoAl,rdroro H n ua roleloto 6, ar(o paAr4ycuTe Ha HairarHr.rre oKpbx(Hocrrl Ha ga6Hnre Ko"IIeJIa B mm
Ca:

5-11. Aa ce onpeAenll npeAaBaTeJlHoro orHolxeHue 116 Ha pe!,!Krspa, axo 6porr ua gr6sure KoreJIa e 2l:60, zz:32 H za:30 (Sx-. r.17).

rr:{Q, r,t-120, rz,:160, fa,:40, ra:120, fa':r6-$Q a rs:80 (6nr. 5.20).

5.15. Ha
nocoqeH?rrr MexaHrBbM
r.01r

aKo BoArznoro F/ ce BbpTn c blJIoBa cKopoCT rorr: :4 rad/s H palnycr.rre Ha or,6Hnre KoJIeJIa (n mm) ca c'borgerno f1:f2,:50, rz:150, ra-120, ,"a,:60 H 14:110, aaTa cKopocT

(Sur. 5.21) Aa ce onpeAeJrn'brJlo-

9l

HA MexaHrsMa (t!nr. 5.22), aKo 2r:14,22:18, rad/s. H or

5.16. Aa ce onpeAerl{ bnloBara cxopocr Ha or'6soro xoaeno 6

5.17. IlnHrontr Ha aBrouo6uanux 4nSepeHquareH

:50

z^:12, zu:22, zs:45,

MexaHItBbM

qeHTpanHo KOJIeIO 4, at<o JlflBoro rleHTpanHo Korero 3 nn,ta ttecTora era B'bprenei a) ns:200 min-t s 6) [e:0. 5.I8. Aa ce o[peAeJru npeAaBareauoro orHorueHne {3 Ha MxaHHOrrla, aKo Zr=15, Zz:18, zs:22, zo.:60 (Qur. 5.24); BcHqKg st6rx
KOneJra HMaT eAHaK.bB MOAyt.

@ar. 5.29

Orr.

5.30

@nr. 5.31

Orr.

5.20

@un. 5.21

<Dur. 5.22

<Dsr. 5.23

tDsr. 5.24

Qur. 5.25

19. ,[a ce orrpeAena .brnoBara cKopocT to4 Ha Ko/re,roro 4 or MexaHfioMa- ($ur. 5.25), aKo -21:gQ, 22:20, 22,:16, zs:18, 24:gA, or: 14 rad/s, o''- 12 rad/s" MoAyart Ha Bt6sure xorenla e tn:4 mm. Pemeunero Aa ce H3Bbptrrn aHan[rurrrro H rpa$nuuo. i 5.20. Aa ce. oflpeAeJlnr npeAaBareJrgirre oiHoureuns iro u i* ua BarBopeHnq 4rzQepeuqr.raJreH MexaHltgtM, aKo 6poxr na gt6nre Ha KoJIeJ'laTa e C'bOTBeTHo Z1:2t:Zt:20, Zz,:35, Zs,:70, Za,:60, Z+,:25, zy:55 (Snr. 5.26). 5,21. na ce onpeAenn qecrorara Ha BbpreHe wa 6apa6ana 4 s noKasaHnrr MexaurcrbM ($wr._5.27), aKa. t\:14b0 min-r, i1:24, 2r:52, zz,=21, Zs,:lB, Zn:Jg. 5.22. fla ce 'onpeAeJrn npeAaBareJrHoro orHorxeHr.re i1u na sarBopeHnr^4n$ep-enqr.raleH MexaHu,sbnr (Qnr. 5.28), aKo 4:70, zz:80,
5.

Berlo dt:45, ds:126, da:315, dt:75,

5.24.
nl.Iff-Mexannstru

5.23. B ilocoqe'Hs MexaHr.rgbM et6Horo xo.rlelo ./ ce B"-bpr' qecrora nr:1460 min-1 (Qnr. 5.29). !,a ce onpeAen, cKopocrra c Ha BbN(ero' Koero ce HaBHBa Blpxy 6apa6ana 3, xofiro rdMa AHaMelbp Do:350 mm, aKo 4nanaerpnre ia s66Hr.{re Kod,re,ra (r rnrn)'ca c.bor_

z e :_59,^ z

n:

90,

za,

15,

zs

60,

z q,

z s,

20,' z a: 40.

ila

ce

Onr.

5.26

Qsr. 5.27

(rr.5.28

/Qur.5.23)

z1=8 st6a H qecrora Ha BcpreHe zr:1400 min- r Kopouara 2 uua ir:56 st6a, a carenl{THllre HoJ{ena c'borBerHo 26:24 t4 zs:24:32. na ce onpeAenH rlecrorara Ha BbpreHe Ha AscHoro
tlMA

zr:12, zz-15, zr:41, z+:!0, zu:T+, zo:38. npeAaBaTeJrHOTO OTHOUeHHe l,n, :zL:^?4, z2:lu:)Qr 22,:gr,:22, Zs,:26*26 (@lp. S.32). npil\: 5r!. Aa ce^ onpeAenr{ npeAaBareJrHoro orHoruiirne irn, aio 2!:26, zz:_l?9, ze:12, 2*:26:54 (Snr. 5.33).
I{H3Ma^(QHf. 5.31), aKo

5.25.. o.zo..

(Qar. 5.30), aKo

onpeAeJr4

npe AaBareJrgoro

Aa

ce_.onpe,q,eJrH rrpeAaBareJrrioro

4-65, 22:62, zz.:'6J,

oruonreHue

oruoulenr{e /",

e nnauerze:66.

lrn, B rlrexa_

Aa ce npecMeTHe

5.28. Aa ce onpe,q,e/rn [peAaBareJrHor^o orHorrreHpre ir6 ua pe4yKropa Ha caMonera n?! zr:l?, ?":za=S?, zr,:9, za.:45, 24_/4.: -Ll, za-48, zs,:3-6, zo:+O lrpllr. S.e+1.
93

92

peHuff au0epeHqnalreH MexanllsbM ($nr; 5.35), 22,:21, Zs,-:78, Zs,:18, Z+*30, zs':78. 5.30. Aa ce onpeAeJllt qecrorara Ha B'bpreHe sa 6?ipa6a1a

'5,29. na ce onpeAeJlll

npeAaBare.ilHoro orHourenlle

ip H2 SarBoaro zr:24, zz:52, I

nPn

IIIECTA TJIABA. IEOMETPI4qTN CNNTE3 HA 3bEHO 3AUENBAIIE

6.I. EBOJIBEHTHO SbEHO 3AIIENBAHE

Ha Snn.-6.1 e fiorasaH Konrypen MexaHn3bu. oruocurerunsr MoMeHTeH qerrral]." B roqrara Ha Aonrrparre Ha KpHj O1Or. nopagn lona nopui,rara fipecHq& nnur{rra A1O, z roura P12
Aa rrexn Bapxy EopManara L1-lolullo"Pl? EHTe p1 vt^kz H ]plgg" B\pxy JlHHHflTa Ha qeHrpHre
11

@lrr. 5.32

OHr.5.33

(6.1)

@ar. 5.34

I ail:T7;'

irr I OzPn

.i----",.' * l.' I + I l'l:r 2il-,t-L ,T-li,tiL*.-t 't*t-+! r :[ -*] t::: l

I

i r,.----*-_i

,i i'lL; 'i

-;

.!

Qrr.

5.35

Qur.

5.36

@rr. 5.37

B n cso60A]ia crrr4paqKa A n qecrora npil earnopera cuflpaqua A u orBopeHa cnHpaqKa B. Ko.ne"noro ./ ce_ Bbprr.r c .ieirora ur:960 min-1 rr 21: : za' : !7 , 9z: (+:21, zs,: 1B, za : tl7. flptr saaerllreyaage Ha cn'paqKara A 6apaSaHtr cTaBa HenoABnlr(eH, a fipfi si4eircraynane Fra c[npaqKara E u ornycxaHe Ha A 6apa6ant r 3airoqBa Aa ce ts.L,prrl, a rdeurpanuoro KoneJro 7 craea HetroABn)KFro ($nr. 5.36). 5.31. Ha @nr. 5.37 e uso6paeeHa qacr or aBroMaruqrra npeAanaTeJrH'a Kyrr.lr. flpe4aerara (npn Korrro aBror\{o6r{Ji.br norerns) ce rlonyqaBa npK BKrForrefia_ cnr4paqKa A H ocBo6oAeHu cilnpaqi{a B et AHCKOB C'I]EAIIHI{TCJI C. TOTAEA IICHTPA"'IHOTO 3'b6HO KO,ICJ'IO 3 C HCTIOA' Bir)KHO. Koraro cfiflpaqKara B e sarropeHa, a Awc ca cBo60AHi-r, rrpeAaBr{ara e ga ABrzx{eHr4e Ha 3aAerr xoA. llpu sa.reopeH cr',eAr.rHllTejl C u ceo6oAHil cilfipaqKw A w, B (rone,rara i v J nuar aAnu*", ,rnoBr.r cKopocru) ce flonyqaBa AHpeF(rHa npeAaexa Ha npeAeH xoA" Eponr na gr6nte Ha sr6Hare Ko,rred,ra e csorBerr-ro zr:gi:36, zr: */,1,:15. na ce onpeAeJrflr npelaBarer,rnr{,Te orFrorrleHr.rs irs ua npe.4aBareJrHara KyrHf: a) npa BKJrroqeHa cflrrpaqKa .4; 6) npz'6rr.trroqeHa cnuparrKa B; e) npn BxdrrroqeH cte4mnnrel'C.
SaAer?cTByBaHe H,a cl]rpaqKara ra Ha BbpreHe Ha Ko.rreJroro z

<Pur. 6.1

@ur. 6.2

t. e. Toq(a Plt
rrue

tr,enH rrpaBara otoa 13.4Be orceqKu, o6parnonpouopqrzoHanHn H& arroBl{Te _cKopocru Ha }qBere gseHa. Tosa ps3nono)r(eHr4e ua Hdprrla.rraia n orHoujenuero (6.1)^ce o3gaqaBar Karo octaoleH sat{ou Ha, saqenldHe e ir6uara teoMerpur. lla {nr. 6.2 e norasaHo {opuupaxero Ha-er6HH r(onexa qpe3 neprognqHo noBropcH_a yqacrlq[ or ABa KoHrypa lkl u hr). Haft-ro.ln,uo pa3flpocrparreHue r4Mar eBo,'rBe'THr.rre gr6gn xo.'reJra, npu KoHTo _ paoorHHffT npoQzl ra s-b6a e qacr or xpl'roBa eBorBeHTa. Ha enr. 6.8 e norasauo llo'yqaB9-Irero Ha eBonBeHTa Karo TpaeKToplrfi Ha roqKa or rBbpAa npaBc, T.6pKa.IIfilqa ce 6e.l [pHnna3Barre nrpxy nenoaenxHa (ocHonHa) oxprxHocr. 3a'norupnnre

rIapaMeTpHqHH ypABHeHr4rr Ha eBoJrBeHTafa cneABaT 3aBHCHMOCTHTe

(6.2) Kr,Aero napaMerapBT

vy:tg ay-uy:inv dy, ,r:#i

ay Ce HapH{a nposulen

rtBa Ea eBoJrBeHTara. @ynxtr{ata

95

94

(ra6a. 6.1)*. To,rxn or patnuHaia^xa ttpxaaiuaia cb Ba, Konro He.rexar atpxy.Hec, onucBar yAarxenu (Qnr.6.3-roqKa Mr) n ceun (rovra il{e) 6roanbttrlr. Ocsoexnre- cBoficrBa Ha enorBeurara ca [oKa3aHn xa $ur. 6.4: a) ranr xa ocHoBHara oKprxHocr nPecnqar eDoJt8eHtara IIoA npaB rrtl (re ca HopMaJtH Ba

v/-inv dy e ra6ynapaHa

t-rO I CD - \ c-O ": q! C.t. cv) d)

C! @ ct rq

O cD |rJ O r.) o) C{'o -:.:j" N (O F- O ct, C)

rO r o r-- Q c\ T f.J te
LO 9 *

s :.) e <:) c{

(D r et m c\

rO m (c) c\

rr) t\ t- s b,j_. o cO ct co c) !o (o c) C\ cn <) (o ca ca

r toO * c{ O oo rr) cfj $ o d o) t\ Fc) (o Ol cD "+

g @ H 6 $

:O)"+O)t-c\l$ roe<OsbrrrCl FA6+ctfAC.{ coo(c)ol;o)dai roro(ot\oo(so)

Ca@C\(.c=lO)oc) :f IOC'Jcr)JNrcO oooo-J0a(o cr cOs}+(Ol*cOCl

c.) s u,r C\

co C\r r o N * cD = @ (o r oa r (-c !f,, f.- (') 6t o - a.l c.i

oo6corF* oo (oca0)cY)aocanl d t\ c{c\N!dr(o$ r crJ o) t', Cn O CO FS Lat-CJc16@0

c.l c{ f)

(O @ Cn 6D O? (O <.o (O ca n? C) cD d) r cO O S (.o COLO<OO;rr)@ @ C\ C) y rO rO fi r 6l c{ cC. C\ r Y (o (6 O r (r(.oqof)coc.lo) e{ O ca cA N cO tO cr) 4 t: r- ca N U) c\.t C.l rt\c\lc!t--c')(O C) c.l S .s $ (o (})

Lo F co t3 ar

c\ Lo dr N r N F c.t6nc\ior-(o c\ *{ c.l .a co !l !q roV)(ot-r*coo) N ts o) c6 raO (o - s C\ c\t 6! cO cO rS etor(o.oor6lc\ *.vra{NN* cDfi\O@HNo 6tv-<I)tsn r!)f)(OF-F-O

cn.$ t\ co c.l { C\ O) r C\l c{ c.J

(c) ol o o: ts ro i c) c, c\ La r- <> cp + Y q co N (o $ (O a.l c},:) .9 ; ln F- {D N Ca m N cO N c N rr Cf O) * L.J c) N r $ ro t.- @ c) c\ { (o (7i e{ *

=D"
<Dnr. 6.3 <Dsr. 6.4

q (N'1 0 Sn rO C$ n co @ c\ () @ $ o) ca co'.,) o @(()c\(ooro (O h- t:t V C{ O) La cA \. , eI * * C{ 6 o) s O olctNNmolo @ q3 (O (9 r (i Y -* O "-- i/: *, O C\ N LO t\ ca Y oor;ddn; :-1 c{ c\ < ro Lo KSE S

"j

rt'6 3

: I g RR

;hA-RBS

rO tm tlo lcn

o a Q) @ c{o!9

LO .c) Cir ca C) cO O C! Co.r (o (}) * *

\,. n: "< (& c.i c\ co cl) (o * rr '.c.$ * F, r.) o) cr) (O.a e^l -{ g -]] ajD $ co o .tJ $ ro c) @ * H C\ + C.l C{ tt o) cD t\ ro =j. n () (> r c) ct C! S t'- N O @ cO Cl *.4 <O () * d * $ rO -: 6i

o) + N c!

cO

c\ [\ N d5,-) (c) < C) (o Crr c tl3 of, rS $ o (o O ({) co N o A O -tr tco rrj rr] +

co(.c)<>*c'r*cr) (oeqrcD6nor+ c.cl*:rlom<i *rd:oNi:+ (+i{:(.orNo *oc\t6cr,,\tH oc.{cirBa+-o OrC cdN*r c'(o(YjchNnaQ tr)tc(o(ob_coo)

o co

eao,reenrara); 6) uenrrplr Ha ocKyraqHara oKptr(socr Ha eBonBeHiara e B n rrara roqKa Ha llopMarlara ir c ocHoesara oKp'bxHocr; e ) nciluxn

o o o f) (}) v c\l'o - ) V (! 6 r \'l m..+ 6i c\l O

c) * tql -(O c! O - e $ oO c\t ci c4

"l*ill]1'..99! tsaHI,I KarO TpaeKTopl,ttl lra ToqKi OT TAp,KanflUlrra ce no ocHoEHaTa oKpbxllocr lpHn.llaaaHe npaBa' ca eKBHAI'rcraHTHt'J KpHBH' I'IAeHTI'iqHi! noMexAy cu (Molar 'qa cnefT npfi 3aB6pTaHe eaHa cnptlMo Apyfa oKoJlo llenTbpa Ha ocHoBIIaTa OKpAX(HOt Ha-Qur. 6.5 ca noxasaxn Aeolha cfiperHarr'l eBoJlBeHrH' [onyqeul'I Karo rpal Topnr,I Ha roql{H or o6urara raHreHTa IIa aBe o{HoBHI{ oxp'bxHocrfi npu Tq13 sasr'pranetg ro'i B6pxy eAHara H .rlpyrara 6es nJngraHe. flpu :191!:111t: "t o3Ha{an3!1.-i: raHrenra -81.82, BHpHar:l- lrfu roqra Jter{l{ BlIHarH nlpxy o6ruara junun 'ua sa4en*aHe.'brrltr d@ ce Hapnq b26n Ha Saqen+ave Ha c flocrpoaaauero Ha cnperuarH eBorBegTr,r e rlo*a3aHo B saaaqa 6.1.
[uon"a*rr.

6 O co (C @ N r ci b@ <) O ql" cQ co @ rO \ $ cD - s (o o ot co -I (c) u') rl) ao \r. Q:1 \ () cO LO ot N cO O, s @ * rJ * * o

!:9Q cO Y O Q = Cq (o c o o! q 6l cD T o) (r} (Q:::ca

c (O c l\ tsr@c)$rc -o g) o (o O ) in;(rlScon:i6 Sa N = qol+iiro+d * Lo c\ F ol + oo .i cn r < LO rr: A(oOl t(O+d c{ c.t N co FJ O !F < rf)rr)(oioooj
() 6l cOrn o ci * ro trJ frJ C,t C..l S a\ -.ror v N ct o) s (9
r.O (rNrr)sr<> * ' oo F-dcO6.})N6 crcrrooNN @ (o + -t c)ta--nc'a6i cO S vro(O(c)rcri

o tl
"ti n
I
d
fl

.-) rO o ro

r C\ C) l.- * I r O 4 rc rr) cD - rf) (o Ffff t H O F b @ t* o Ot s @ o a) Ci ().l * 6 r+ c.l cD *

O) t.a O, h (o e c) 14) 0o -r * H c\i

no, oru"rrHe ua crofiHocry, KoHro He ca ,4aneHq s'radnuuara, e neo6xoatiMo H3B'bpIxBa no cJle.4gara cxelta. Hera !a ripuun nHHefiHa uHrepnorauHe. Tona ce T B ra6ttut\era. Onpele.n crot?Hocrra d/ He e
nc'u vr:inv dv, KbalTo crofiHocillre o!,i oyr(arrlallan,),
v_y:inY
xor'rro Qrzrypr'rpar R ra6ruuara' Torasa
AaAeHa

o) rO (O g c) r,- ca af e{ C\ (c' rO et cY)

o1

c!} co

O (o rI: ra ro 'n t- s en cc cD + - F" oO.:t ;. !o O) i.:) r <).n a s cl c\ F6\ co

f,-l <t 6-o!d.(ooN r) (o HNom $ C\ tr)d+O--; O) ? oij;-)'OcocY) < .+ro(ocoN

-o ooo

_ d!,+

inv oy,-iflY

oy,

al;dyL

lct.!-'tytt.

(o (o :- m 1/. n (Q cO q? o? (O 6 Q q! eQ F !a - rJ) - @ N Cn OO v

o n q qi 1 O) <) *

ot cr) F- cD N i fl (.o O, N cf r cO (o <J 6{ N rr] 6 A oD rO r O c: (O O < d C\ 6t C\

cO

lii c') m cl)*C>F-+C\!-) C? (A S grr:(Og)F-O)

s y v ll)$r(O::.Oe{ts (O O OO Oru)(o+r

+ ts ro -t ooorsmr

Cr,uoro e BarHAHo u sa o6parHara SyHxqan arginvvy' Ilpu.uep. Trptu ce vv-inv25ol3,51'. B ra6rnuara Qrzrypnpar crofittoc ua ay- an,-25"10', a n":2$ol5'. Toraea

IB

Q li rc v o) r -

H co co co 16 O @ <5 c{ c\l cr co.+ o Ncoc.o:troF. qJ @ !A \ lal ao H (o rr) * oo i cO (c' m oo .D (O o <o (o (a :tr - o (o o) -co.aco@6in o 6r o) @ o ro cD c{ c\l c\r (o v (.oN.eooro (o N - o cD (o o tt @ co co.+o(c)v-o c.l fJ .q \o o) 3 cn E b' H C..l g\l C\ cD CO oa S q4(O(oF-@O) <>
F- to Y O) - r o) - O) c\I f) c'J Cr co O) <. Q rO < (O
cfJ rO C> LO .$ rl) r+ O) O rO F- t- N +io)+o)N6l (o

" .

0,030135 - 0,030613 (25"13'51'-25"10'): vy:0,030613+ffifrff

aA' (o

cd

:;0,030613+0,0ooeiz

$L:0,0308e.
n

3r
cGceAHH

o) c\ O $ O l- F- O F- O) O C\r <f O - - i

!t cr! FH

LC + lI) r V @ < (5rjl-_r(o+o+ ca O) O) Oi O O (j) -reocOd-m O cD O) of @ cr) @djo@co*o

6l C{ N 6r co !D $ r(rotrf,(Otr@a

Aua.noruqHo a-v*arginv (0,0,45702). !a-nlQirglxa

or ra6nsqara
c.'rerloBarenHo

ri ap.yr.*t. ca url:o,o+i537, vr,:0,54,5967

or:2g'ao'
96

qt \o lx

a ci ci ct ct ct
8^

3-.:a
h
to
-

o o o e a e o e e o. o^<5-q.o^e-o-od ct ci ct d ct dodctdcti dddddddd

3- 8- o- o-

+6pffi##s7

(0,045702

-0,045537):28"3 1,e2"

i-g

cfl

b d

3.

H H *

3- h h sr b 3o L to he^:.h3?hh kd b b L b b 6t b $t C.| C\ C{ c.t C\l C.l 6t C,tcOFtcOCr?cOcO 97

7 P-Bo 3a KypcoBo ffpoeKrilpaHe

0.9. OOPMOOEP.TSYBAHE
o 6t @ tCD

HA

3bETtO KOJIEJIO 6E3 H3IIECTBAITB

H HYJIEBA NPEAABKA

ts t-

tla dgrur. 6.6 ca noKasaHH ocHoBHure pa3MepH Ha 366 or 3b6Ho Koteno 5es rtsMecTBaHe. flpu voaya Ha Sa6HoTO KOrerO m ca BaruAHH cneAEI'ITe SaBI{CIIMOCTH:
d,:ntzt d4-d
O)

I
o h

lr.|

cos
2

a1 ho:ft*

CD

O)

C.l

(o

6l (o

o)

(o (o
ro
c.! co

n
ar?

o (0 rl) ro
o,
c.l (o c.l

(6.3)

d e

+2

a:

(z +

h.o) m, d 7 : d -

n, hf (hi+c"') m, 2 h t :[q -z ( ni+ X\] m,

o o6!n s;b
o ro +*ro o;61

6n t4t

6l il:! ul
(D
crJ

(D
a\o (o

rO{o)
a

33F
\o

SH(g F-6<'

c\
oo ar:
CD

o c{ o
6t
c\l

m
@
c..t

.D @
c.t co
<o

r
ct
c'l
F-.

c\
F-

4 N

o $
O)

ro

o
CD

ro ol ci 6l ro (o
6l F-

'r) Vf,S q(o

dJ
O)

C{ (O

@nn. 6.5

Qsr;

6.6

o
d

@ f.l alt

lr) ro
6.t

ro (o

o
C-l

O)

c{

P:r.nlrt:s:
f.(O

Em p * 2' t
Bap-

cO

6 r!!

c)
co

8
o
a.o ct>

6t

r f.* o c\a
@ O 6l

xaleTo d, dr, dd u d.7 ca Ac.fi\4eTpuTe cboTBe'rHo Ha AennTenHaTa, ocgoBHaTa, xoBaTaItneroBaraoKP5XHOCT;p,e14scacr6nKara'mgpo-qnHaTaHaMexay36'

craH.4aprbT 6raio , Ie$enuHara Ha st6a no AerfirenHara oypax{Hocr. Tlfi Karo oxpr')I(HocTr nfuan"au" cTortHocrfire s:20" - npo4fine' ara,r flo Aeni{renuara

Fo o ----:-

(o

m(o
t@ oct co o o,
ro

o
CD

rll N c\
ao

o
r(

E
!4

o
ro
(g

a
o

o o o) o

O)

(o =d1
600
co

n c*:0,25 - Koe$r(hefiru, +opMnpaulr s16a, rorasa ha:m, h7:1,25m, da:@+2) m, d7:Q-2't") m' (6.3 a) 1., orroeapaua Ha oKpaxHocr c al'taMerbP dl. e rpaHliqHara roqKa MexToqr<ara Ay eBonBeHrljarl H HeeBoJlBeHTHara qacr or npoQHna Ha 36oa' l4apa6oraanero na sl6gle, T. e. orcTpaHfleanelo Ha Mlrepnata Ha Mex'Ey3c6uq' c Ta or xpr,rJlara 3aloroBKa, Mox{e Aa ce }I3B6pIllH unn qpe3 npopt3BaHe oacofle$ nocneroBa-

h):t

<) <N c! c\ oFo)o

-O

ro

.$
O)

t-

o 6l

@pe3ep'(Meror Ha KolittpaHe), viln to Meroaa Ha o6xoxAasero-qpe3 rpe6eH (u'rItl c reJrHO ,r.r3MLrTaHe" Ha npoc?paHcrBoro sa MexAy3l6nero clc sl6en Ha $Hr' 6'7 e np')' I{ qepBqqeH AI4cK *o^vr.nt-Oi"t*1, i-*rr6oi,"qeH c 4r,r6au, HucrpyMeHr--31-Hapfl3Bane Ha Koilryp) npo{tie, noKa3au crar,,qaprlr3rrpr* lulxoaeH vpes o6xoxgane-rp'e6en i liu do:20"' 3a Hero ca BanBAHIz H3pa3lrre

E3

o
CfJ
aD

o:

so-Y#, po:ft .,n,

ro: -f#*:o'3so m'

\o

F
98

%Lh5 C.J cO

L,lsxoanBsr KoHryp,

e. npoQult,r Ha IrHcrpyMeluq - rpefeH, ce oul-uqaBa or 3a(c eeO.n .p.Our (ar6irb'"on.no t 6esrpaiiHo ruuoio ar6u) no no-B!,co*lls cn at6

r.

99

. ml. Auo ua $nr 6.7 ce noloxu ?o:A, 6a ce nonyqr.rn npo$il.'rlr ua ar6 or 6esxpaiiHo ro,rffMo ar,6no xoleao. 3r6are Ha r{oreJ'roro ce odxoxaar rlocJrea@areJlrro, kals Mon}rnHara npana (cpeaHare urn Aexr4Te,rHara JrHHi{fi, no Korulo AedeJ'rHHara Ha atda e paBlra Ha runpoquHa-

JrHqflBara c*

qureJrHo t4 npv zr+u) (ar,6en rpe6en)._tia frrzr, 6.8 d', a ca nocoqeHr4 rpaHBqHI{Te cnyqali c'i,oriierno npfi ga{etrBane Ha Ko,'reno c rpe6eu H BbrpeuHo 3aqefiBane,

Aro
nrairunn

c.re.q BaMecrBaHe

or

r43pa3a

(6.3)

(6.4)

ce

norro)x'

t::? rl, sa *HHa*

6poli et6u z1 cle.rca

.n "z \p 'a
.
Ta.

r'i: ,'-i
./ -.-':.

'n' / >'!/ .1-

-)Kr/
Btl

OHr. 6.7

Ha Mex{.qy&a6r'rerc) .rja r{3i(oAHuH KoHryp ce Tbpr(anfl 6ea nr];sraHe flo AennrrHara oKp6>!iH$cr f{a licne,,loro. ilpn roBa. npaB&ra rracr Ha st6a Ha rpe6eHa pa etsorBeHTara Ha 3-D5a Ha Ho,'reJTo'r'ot a 3aKplt,,teHr{ero * npexoA}rara qacr$opvaMex{Ay eBoflBegTara It neToBara oKpl,x{fiocr (ercraucranra Ha JrI.bJ}(eHa enolneHra). Ocsoa-. Hara or{paixnocr o6xBar{a nerotsara, arirr db>dl tl&H m, z .cas e}m. qa_1,S;, xoero e E3r6irnefio lrllr4 z{2,61(I*cas d)842 s66a. Ha er,6 or sr6Ho tio.reno c H3Mecrnajle e IIoKasaHo B 3al{a^flocrponsaners

a6z
/,,/g
7

.-:.._\
!-

,,I-*

\ \' til l, t: !:/

I

f r-;"'J' t /
-h--* //

's

\ I ti

I r'

.:".t1( ,/'t-' _.\ \ ,l a

=8,

i',1,/',

qa 6.4.

o,K

16.3. OFPAH$lqEFll4fl

np$ EEOJT$EFITfIoTCI SAIIEI!tsAHE. EBOJIBEfITHO 3}6T10 MSJTEJTO C T,{3r1{ECTBAfl!]

Koraro 6poxr xa sr6are Ha MaJrKoro sr6uo
No,'re,'ro

San. 6.8

croftnocr, Hacrarrtsa rrBJreil,rero floApfl3Baue (saxnaHraue) xa Ko,renorc]. fbBa cTaBa, (otaTo orceqKarff rra saqenBaile ustr{3a LI3E}H TeopeTfi{rHaTa AAn)I{uHa oT nl4 _ lnfiflTa Ha 3a[e[Bar{e; B To3H c,ryvaft tonsMoro sa6no xore,'ro,'crpeMellKfi ce aa ce SaqerrH- c BTopIrs ldtoH or eBoJ'rBeHTara ua npoftula, HaB,{Itsa B npocTpaHCTBorO Ha sa5a. Ha $ur. 6.8a e [oxa3aH rpaHurrgr.trrr c;ryvari (bL+Br), rtprl Kofrro HacrbnBa norprrSBaHe Ha ar'6ure Ha I!{aJII{oro gt6iro xo.relo 21; 3a io,3B cnyqaii Moxe ra ce
Ae,'teria
HAIIIIIIIC

B npeAxBKara

noA onpe-

11-,1,trin_| '., ./ -t _- t ,)r;

(6.4)

B2:brBz nn"

j-

11

@t*dz\

sirr

a:f ,l 07,-07,.

CreA gaMecreane (6.5)

or (6.3) ra 22 cle.ftla

z2:

z!"sin?

a-4hi2
a

4h)-2z1sinz

14, . . . or (6.5) ce nor,ryqaBar crofinocrure sa e2 ce paSfne*uaT B TaKAB CMI,tCtJr: npI,I BAHIXITO eaqensaHe Sg6HO $oneJlo zr*13 sr,6a ue padorE 6e: noApsseaue (saxlzneaue) clc sb6so ro,reao zz<1.7. Ilo cr-r4an Haqr4g.ule.pa6orn sr6rro roJrero zr*14 cic zzS2j, zr:15 cac
I{OtrTO Cne,qaa^,(a

flpu n):1, a:20 sa zr:13,

22546,

zr:16

cr,c z2SLA2. Koneao c'bc

zt:l7

rue ia6oru 6es ffoaprinane, Brrrro-

r00

i,;lt; i:"\ I --Atta.., . .,,vi2_, r_ t!_2i) __r__*__ 3:t i:IJTpetUlIO 3A[ei]aalXe ii --r'>l l' ' (1 t -r I -'2i s s:,.t z \ lle rpnr. 6.':J e nouaelua Jail{c14ft{ocrra nrex4y 6p6r rra sl,6{re fla rpailpiqr.ioT o Ztt,'" ., - _ Itl'r,:lo ho.4eJto npit .iJ"lcilo nf('-rl.rz,e.jrto !.J .a33' - r,1 .;Ontellhc t. ,- i I{axro ce HaGa ,:o-rope, n$olpr.i,r.rr i l_--t" Il:r}'3xoA'.{u,]'lri(irj?yp(sgi'6J)c'eI]a3-i2-*-,'.-| .il' ). ts t OT ;;;r,.lrIr' Ira ll.i:t;,,, IijjL]tt, r[r'.irrra) C rlJJrriltire Hn 3d6g\j.re;t;.c fi,r J __ ;" r]ririrara na rr6a [,:, . fi7 c paA]ryc po. 'l"r,ii | ,1,_:.,.t: t3.7)ea,1L t{i110 IIp;tBtJTe yqACT:bUtl Hil I13lnO,Ut{IjlH!] r,olrrvp Hsadnxar rpe6cn ca raae:,i..\.?,tit:t4, Srr.;r.,6.g l{).4pF3BAHe tpil ?iHcrpvMerirafi !{0To :iarltirt:r:ie (npn_usp;:6o:r'nirae rra xoaelo'rr_r) ric tr::crl.il? Bfin:li.r.i tlplt 21.17. -[aeaF]e ce orgaIit ;la 3;6Idu t{o.rllJIe, lr:pa6olenu c ar,,.r6a'i. 'l'lii xa'lcr pa:r,reur.,larote calrio ar,6nu $o,re'..r, j,aptj3?itk C ItiICTPII\l?F|t'a 3tuer- r i C,Jrt.. UriljlitJtJ,th. LSlta: il LUe nll:f n};i Z1 r7" .. llonDr s:triciocc orcTi)aFrriFa qpi-:+ fiDrj\rrH;i ga :"nSltag npo$ll,r isr,rr" 6, l0). 'l;'i re"r't, np' Hill)fr3Bafie Ha xo.4efioi, r{:}xcA}r}{rr KOHT_vp ce oiilrecr,a E ,.offa3a'ar r cr'c crptlJiKa IlocoKa, i{aro lj{iJloiKetjrero Ha rio.irioca Ha 3arlenBafie p, .rrtrynr i/{l j'l AiIA${eT}p'bT }lR;denHTC,ilHaia OHp6ll(iJfiCT ce 3aaa3B:,.T. 3ailagna ce u oTI{ocETeJrX
6i*l,
)

2t) si,"::7 ,,," i ,jn, -- sa 3anerrleHe I

J+v;lf(l+2ri 'in: '- 126' '(l i"""

|

'.---

''

3:l n.'HlIlHo :rucrcrHe

1r)l)'

c.6c arben rpedeu {e2+oo),

lnl iut

;bpxy AeJIHTenHara oHpbx(Eocr c,([aMer]p d:m.2. -l4erlectgaHero xoIHHt Korlryp 3a orcrpaHflBaHe Ha noaps3BaHero npfi o6pa6orBaHe c fpe6eH
flpaBa)
npOIIOpqHOHatHO Ha
BAHCTO

goto

T'r,pganflHe 6e6 nna3rage Ha lpaBa oT rpe$ega

(xoaro Beqe He e
KOe(pHqUeHTzl

Monynnatra Ha LA-

(6.10)

uexayocoBo pa3cTotEl.Ie

Molyna, T. e.

. /11, KT'AeTO

3a

au--T @ r*zzl.*;;,

CoS dn

ao:2J').

BaXI.l H3llCK'

qr.{e Ha paArransa

AnaMerpl4Te

sa BbpxoBltre oKpaxuocra ce olpeAentr or ycJloBuero ga-saauxna6usa Mexly clorneruara BbpxoBa g [eroBa oxpbxuocT sa

Qrzr.6.10

(6.7)

x*xmir- IT'

17-z

Ko,e$uuuearrT Ha fi3MecrBaHe f He MOr{e aa ce Ia36Hpa npol.l3BoJ|Ho ronf npfi paBeHcrBo B (6' ?:br? Karo Moxe Aa ltacrtnl{ 3aocrptige }ia 3}6HI{fl npo$xn; ce peanri3r-rpa rpauuqHHrrr cfiyqarl or $ar. 6.8 6. 3a sb6noro KoIe.'Io cIe.[,Bar
BHCHMOCTNTC

dy:m{z+2 (x-n'.-c*)l*m(za2x-2,5); s':nt (**t'

tc *r) '

{6'3}

,!:d!(++}!}Lg-ynv

ae-inv nr),

^r=.^rr"*

-#,
@sr. 6.1
I

fiT,Aero s u s/'ca cborBerHo aeSe,luuara aa sl6a IIo Aea[.{TeJtHara H no npo}iSBOJl o1pb){Hocr c ariaMerap d7' Paaueptr d, ce onperelfi qpes pa3Mepltle Ha B fiorero Ha sadsara npeaaBKa c it3MecrBaHe. g llocrponeauero Ha s.66 or gt,6iro KoJreno c II3MeCTBaHe e noKaSailo eaaaqa 6.

rr6ure or ABere KoJIeJIa (c:c+. rn, c*:0,25), r, e. dor:2 . a.*dr"-2 ,6a . tltt do"*2 . a*-drr-2 (6.1 r )

c* . tn,

6.4. SbEIlA nPE.qABSA C II3MECTEAFIE

ocHosHtrle 3aBHcfiMoctu npn st6aare flpeaaBKH c lisMecresHe ca KaKrc afrsJl Ha 3auensaHe da, B IIpeAaBKa 6es xrafu:aa:
(6.e)
cJlerxB

3r6uara npe,qaBKa ce xapeKrepu3npa c ofipeaenefifi sapaMerpla. Ocuoeeu napa' Merbp e roe$n{xeHrrr Ha rloKpnBrl{e ea, pare* Ha cpeAui4fl 6pt:h s't6ttlr ABofiKi{, Kor{ro ce $alrrHpar eaHoBpeMeHHo B sallenBaHe. Toeu xoe$nuueHT ce orpeAe,lr fpalro-auaanruuuo tro BaBuci{Mocrla (@ur. 6.ll)
(6.12)

2(x"-xr\ a6' ig inv a-:inv a6f ;;^-;.4 ,t i,i

1_ I I bfi2, pt: - rdo.: a:-l,l j,b -

n,11,.

i02

103

trIH

attAJlHTU!4HO

C u3pa3a

eo:t;
(6.1 3)

2t

(tg ao,-tg

aor: nfccos
t{bAeTo

Onpeae,rn ce cbc 3aBucnMocrare 1Snr.6.1l) (6.14)

Crorinocrnr,e_ Ha ).1 SfirlHeHra. ,{r:i--.-

Apyn naxeu noxa3aren e peraruBHr-rnr

p, e cr6[xara

"-)f-ii (tgao"-tgaot), du" db, uor-utccos d,o, ' -d;

KoeQuqI4eHT Ha cfle{ia$fir{HQlt}

Zr

i*-1uu, B Kor.tro ce HaS.nnaasar pa3rr,IrrHHTe ssrenrrg

3ollfi ca upifxoBanu. Tyr ce pa3rnexaar HoMorpaMlr, BannrHr,r 3a napr3paHe lta iruSrrx xo,le"ra c rpe6em (aBxoar[I xonryp). Houorpavara (6.'rorupaulntr roHryp) na $ur. 6.12 ce ornacq 3a 4a4eua s:rdua
fpu

npe/tatsr{ara. Fleaonycruullro

Ha s]6Hr.rre rorera no ocHoBHara oKpa'xHocT"

Q4,Qii

'

nrU 21 - 21 Tr/\4 - i'-=---BrM zr'"' 22 BrM

irpa npeMecrBafle Ha 'roilxa hI na xlilwng'ta
N

.aqenBarie. Ha $Hrypara G flocoqeHa ]r rpa&r.tKara 3a rr3Me]le]i]rero Hie I{[Jara

It

),s ce *rsuennr

sod Ho2
foo,t fresmn 0/

npir ilpoexTnpaHe?o Ha Hopurr{pana sr6l,ra npeganna" e xoe$uqueurnri x1 A 3a L/ p6T Ha rrv!\!,rrqf,rLnrnrc *v,rs'k. ss6Hfi xo,'Ie.'Ia. u 42.n4 x9 Ha lt3MectsaAc na l{b!1c ugrr,rec'rnaxe ba aeere cDUEn ^t qaBane H?i ro:a us6op ca paapa-6oreuH rroMorpaMH, HapeqeH!{ 6,noxHparqu rour
OcHoeeH MoMesr

Hauapanelo ua e, ).1 a ).g e uorasaHo B 3aAaqa 6.7.

@ur. 6. 13
an-orii13.
z

Sar.6.l4

)>

l-7).

{crc z1 ce o3H,ar{aBa Br4HarH rro-MaJ'rKoro gr6no roaelo; sa surypara eio *Jlunur{re- H 3olrlrre B npeAan*ara orroBapgr lra cile.q'r4.Te riB.rleFr't: 1, JluHmnre L n 2 c vparHeufirr

.t

I ;rr, u\ '-1i
Y

al

. 77-:1 rr=-tT-'
d.
EaHe

-r'r-17-22 lZ
"adn,o,sinu

,'/
.1loM,1\,xzlf

ca FpaHHqItH cnpfiMo noApfl3Bafiefo Ha r{oJle,lara npa cl6paS0rnaue cac :ra6,r:H rpe6eH. Eaaeo or. irr.rnriqra 1 n sa,]oly orJ ue c* rroApr3Bane fipH napr,3_

i/ t/

lv1 /"

It/ A!//

lt/

i i,/
.0f
nbtr

r-Fur,6.12
3a gcr{r{a Aeoiira sr,5u, fipr{ Koi,rio xr:er$;r:lnerlrute }ta il3&{ecrnaire Ha aeeile Kor'Ie .t1 v ":t2 ce troopa'dnai;l Ha r13L\6pa3riaeula'ia to.ri{a .M {,tt .rz) E EoJIero ela !{os rpar\,rara irlrr. 6.12), l{a roiuorpauara ca I43o5pa3eHfi reoMerpl'lqHl4Te Mecfa,

cr 0,?51, C)r crqara fauunrn ca fi rriur.rlire, Kolllo orloBiioflr ira sn.r,ll 0 u sor*$. l-ia souorpal'rera re ct rupl{xonax'd. 5. ,'lugr.iera 7 or:'ot*pl tl'd e6:'r .- Bltcno ti r{gf spe o ff rre? e piitB,s.rir{orxHo atSupane Ha r<oe$Nquesrr.r lra H3r,resrBene M(x1, x2). JlaH;rlra, o3iiarrcHa c j, J, orroBapfi
105

rlpeaaB(aTa ce 3ax/'rr{HBa nopeli}i c.tellt:itrit rrprlrrrr.rfia. Arco .{t;rrJrc:reu {ijrur. 6,1.1i, .:e fipa filrcrpy.\lellra.rltrgro saqL,ilsnrie (iipa uhpii:na,rierc) ,rnnn;,ttr Hft 3aqi:rnar:ero Mrr_ jrana Itpe3 F npa r-ra,r ca6, Id i:i!io ripeAaBra,ia 14l,r* cyt.,rapi.lo orp14rn{T*J,!Fo }t:.j;tllettBaitt., asldq LLIUHI{fiIA Ha 3arfelrBaHe UpH 3alXplrxHAl.a paoCfa tta y;a"}rre.irAT:t lr{e IiHflana Epes P'. ANo O;bi>O,e,, roua rr{e c3irarlafia".:e sa{jsr or : irie ce crpeMr.i la ce 3ar]eni,r*c yqacra.K or eBo"rrs,ruTera sa sl6 1, ror:iro uc e lr:1,.l6cren or a.sd" rtinn rpedeu, Tosa aa;lal.iHrririue e Heron.vcrl{lro" 4, 'rlauuure, o3lraqeHr.tr c,C,26y 0,41 u \)"2$2,0,.is, ca rpangul.{re Era soErure, B i;ollro so;0,25,n lr so>-C,40 //r ctoieerno :ra riapuslo i4 Eroltoro l{or1],ro. ftrpireua ce,^qe_sao^crprn* HacrailBa npa so<0,25 tn, T. e.:i,lfiBo or "rrnnt:l $,tli, H Hu.rioJly

sceto orcna6na s:r,6a, Ho He yr'{fiulcxdara axrueHa,*r qacr or rriiorprrLra, t{ nLi Hpr.iga 6-xoraro ce 3acrra axrHsrrara qacr oT nposr.r,ua (sa onpege.trilr*r" i ur,r. 6.7)" l3 ro:n c.r;yuaii.ue cat\,ro ce orc"radra ieubnu*rr,, Ho nFetanriara Mo).l(e .i,jt"r,auuu cralie gea;3ltolrina (pRsxo uatra;itla :). Fla.ia,roro rra sropgr rHfl no{ll{:,Flatie 3a_ ,io,re;rara .l n 2 cr'ornerso ce xa6.nroa:rna rro !xr.iFrl.1i.jre J lr 4^1qur. 6.12).' jorrii'ro uexl.iiv 1 r.i 3, 2 u 4 orroBapq H{ flo.{Frrs*diie or r'na o, Teru '6 e rie,gonyc'",n u.,"i,.u 'i:pfi.rCFl il;i. " 3, Jtrzsi,ure 5 ll 6 orpanxriile::T soga Ha croi:iriocrtt Ha if1 Id -trg, ripu lioilro

?. fioapneraHe'r'o

ctorBergo sa rclerar"a J u 2.
&rolr(e

ra

5a.jre lArra BriAa

(Srzr.6.lB): no;tpqsEaHe no KpIrBa d,

104

roriHocr ua

$a

norrr.orpaMara rrr e rptHlrqHa or tre.(Ha roqka Ha neo6xoAuvara (e4ncuo H Harope or uer ne rpa6na Aa ce ua6apa M(xy x))/ rr 6. feoue,rpnqHoro vscro B ortoBapfl Ha r..r3MecrBaHe, npa xoero ce o[TqMH3LIpar crollxocrure Ha lioKaaarenaTe Ha n3uocBaHero Ha ABere. NoJ're,'la, Flptt us6op na ,l<oe$HqHenrgre Ha rr3MecrBaue BsHarld IrIe npeanonaraMe, qe ce cna3Bar ycnoBflffTa

ea:\,

2. Ha

e,

,ir'IlKti'IfTa y,ld

Feruenue. Hauepraaar ce AaAeHI'Ire orp.bx(Hocrll H ce npeKapBa "fn [Ia SaqeaBaHe, AOnl{pau{a Ce-Ao TfiX B TOqKUTe 81 w 8r'

${pec6qa orceqKara

or

" orCeEKaTa ,9181, npe3

Ofi

roq(a F. Vle6wpa ce npon3BoJlga,roqKa KoflTo Aa MHIIatsaT CnpelHarllTe eBo./I-

@ur. @nr. 6. 15

6.16
!

{6.

15)

17-2, 17-2, x1Z- l7t , xz> lT a ,

so, >.0,25

m, srrz0,25 m, eo}1,2,

l'e'rr.r. E cnyuan e il36pa'o P-1YI. Paeil.eanr ce tVIEt u MB, Ha o?,CelIKr.I C paBr,rr{ A.b,'lxoIHIt (orono 10-15 mm), Kollro C HaHaCfiT t't3BbH OTCeqKaTa BrB2 IIO J'IIIHqtlTa Ha 3aUeIIBaHeTO. Cru{nre oTCeqKI'I ,Ce HaHaCrrT B ABe noCOI{rt oT .TOqKa 81 (peCn. 82) no oCI{oBJIhTe oK-

4(axro n ycnoBnero ea ug6qrgaHe Ha 3aK,'u4EBaHe or r. 3; crpeMl.rM ce rlo BG3MolKHocr Aa 6taar paenu u H3HocBaHERra. Ha Qar. 6.12 'roea orroBapr Ha 3oHara ABCDEFG. B uaurnnoctpoHre,'luara npaKrr{Ka ce nocraBqr It ,(pyrfi ueJIH c orJIeA no4o6panaHe Ha Rr{ocrHHTe KaqecrBa na ar6a, KoHTo ryr( He ca pa3rJreAaHH. B pasae,ra Ha KypcoBoro, rrpoei{Tnpaue ca noxasanh Tpr.r ocHoBr{H c,'Iyqdfl 3a Ha sr'6Hu Korer'ra c u3MecrBaHe. "3non3yBane B npranoxeHuflTa ca nocoqesu HnKoii or paspa6oreHuTe B nnTeparypara Ho\lorpaur (6loxnpaulu ronrypa) 3a olpeaeJ'rrrHe ua roe$nur4enrure Ha lzsMecrBa!{e.

Koraro ce onpeaeirrr r<oe@nuuenrure sa s:6sa aeofira, 3a Koflro xe e Aa.{es 6,roI{Hparri KOIiryp, ce HsIIon3yBa ro3u Ko}rryp, KoilTo ce orrracfl Ao cbce'(Ha ABoliKa cri et6u, nail-6auara .qo aatesnre. 3a yriecureaue ua us6opa na crceagara leolixa ua tfur. 6.15 ca flor(a3rHu cxeMarr4qHo c'r{p6rqera scnqr<n lsoitrKn sr6HI4 t{o,'Iena,

:Bt(,'IrcrleHn B nplrro)r{eHr{sTa, Ka.IeTo z1

,fl4 ronffMoTo Konero.

ca au6nte ga

ManKoTo

Koneno;

er- stSure

3AAArrH I(bM InECTA fiIAEA

6.1. !,a ce rtocrporrr cnpernarr.]re

,HOBHT{ OKp'b}KHOCrrl C

eBoJrtseHrr.r, o6pasyaaun qqes oc-

paAHyCH

rrr:62

tnm)

rbz:76,5 mrn npII CtAz:

:160
106

mm (Qar. 6.16).

l{peS nonyueHr.Ite Tor{KLI Ce ripexapBaT TaHreHTIlTe KT,M oCHoBI'lLlTe oxpr,xuoiru. Teryua roqKa l" or eBo,tBeHTara ce nod'IyqaBa' KarL Ebpxy TaHreHTa npe3 Toqi{a HoMep l' ce HaHece A'b.IIE(I4Hara ilfr, HgMepeHa no IrLrHnAra IIa 3al{enBaHero. CleAasgBaHero Ha TOqKr{Te i" c rneBHa KpI{83 \{Or'Ke Aa ce y,ryecuE' aKO ce i]peKapaT AblI{Te or ocK,vJIaqHnTe oKpb}KHocr{'{ Ha eB0,{Be}ITara- 3a roqxa l" qenTuptr Ha ocKyiraqHara oKps)KHo,cr e B i'. Ha $uqypaTa B'brlpoct{l.iTe A'bll'I npe3 ToqKI4Te 6", 7" 14 8" ca noKa3auE [peLIM c n;aBHa Kpl{Ba. TaHreHrara ilp63 TooIKa o':o" "qu cBbpSBaHero r{a eBor'rtse}ITaTa MI,IHatsa fipe3 Toqxa 01. EgOneertrara Ha oCHOBHaTa ,oKp:bx{Hocl' 2 c9 IIOCTpO'{Ba rro aHa/rolHqeH HarIuH' 6.2" Ae ce. nocTpofiT crlpelHarure eBo,'lBerITIi' _KoI{To ocnryplBar rnpeAanare.r{Ho oTFioLUeHIIe in:2 ilprl Mex<!,yocono pa3crorttne O1O2: :150 mm Ii 'brL,JI Ha 3au.ellBale d-*)Qa6.3. Aa ce nocrporr cnpernarlzre eBo,{BeIlrLI' rpauc@opr{Llpaun" poTaUutl B rpallcJlaql,a (a.: ao:20')' t07

p.6)t(uOCTLI, KaTO nOJIyqeHUTe TOr{}(Z Ce FIaMI.ipaT CT,I;IaCHO Snrypara (" e.rtyuar Ca r{onrepptpaHl4 CaMo ToqKI]Te oT oCHoBHa oKplby{I{oCr. 1).

Z\:21, q,:20", m:25 mm. Peuteu.tte. Ctc aasncaruocrrare (6.3) ce

6af. Aa^qe. nocrpor..r sr,5 na sb6no

Kod,re.no

6es

t43nlecrBaHe npla

H3r{r.{cJTsnar d,:525 mrnn dt:493,34ftWIt, d.o:gJ5 mm, dt:"462,1:A nnnr" tr-iaolepratsa Ce ,,rnHmfi*
\1

i l/

tn lu

JUtlLtt

tnmn

e eaAa.{a 6.5. 6'7' Aa ce nocrpou Kaprr,rHara Ha sar{enBaHero Ipe)qaBKa npil Zt:lB, Z2:2A, m:25 gnm, A,:2Ao
O[peAeJrer{

Ta e seo'roAnr,ro repfieHAtl*ynflpr.rre Fra r.toAyJiHars rrpfl: Ea 'Kllb)fir{'cr, or I4HcrpyMeHTa Aa ce crr,IBar c HopMa,Tr.ire i{a 4e,rarenuara oup'b)r(Hocr" {-lpn ncnro Harara*e na rc,qra o" rpe6eui c ;;;;; or Ae_ dTI{TeJ[Hafa oKp:bxttocr ce or6erggsa TI0JIOX{eHI{ero Ha r. or HH_ 'crpyMe'ra Bbpxy paBHr{Hara na sr6noro KoJred,ro. Taxa ceS oopasyea Heognaqer{ara nopeAaua or rorrKn Ha Qrerypara, Korrro Bc:rrrlHocT Jre_ X{AT B'PXY CAHA YAT,JIXEHA EBOJIBEHTA_. C)XONO BC'IKA O" I"" KATO cKoJ{o. qer{rbp ce HaqepraBa _oKp.bx(Hocr c. paA%yc po. OdaaeKara Ha *utl^O1y"fun or<prxHbcru rpof naHpa'Heetso,reelrrHnn Ja Aa ce noJryqn heBrlflT npo@u,r ua 3r6a, ce npoftu n Ha s-b6a. "a"ais,re6ennsara ,.ua na6a s:^F rr0 AedxHTedtrHaTa or{pT,XHocr, rrsKonrtpBa ce AecHurr? npo$nn Ha npoopaqHa xapraq {saengo i uua" or .4eJrhreJrHara oK_ prxnocr), cJreA Koero. upes o6frqaHe Ha xaprr{rrra-MoAe,r ce Ha{epTa_Ba npe3 Tor.rKa .F, .nesl.lflr. npoeu.r, cHMerpurreH Ha AecHr{fl. 6.5. Aa ce orDeAern rpa6n.*rJ npo6rnri ,ooy_ riapn3BaHe ua sr6s* ubr[nu'f cpJ,i j,:*-qry:.1_saor '2U 25 sb6a (m:30 mm). 4a 6.6. Aa ce. onpeAed'rH rparlnuuo MaKCr.rMa,,rHoro orK"[oHeHr.re or rr{eaJrHtdfl npo@r.r.'r xa^r_oleno i 25 ss6a, HaprrsnaHo c rrFrcrpyMeHr,

;; ;;;;" ;;';;?"r.

Ha HyneBa s},6Ha

pa6oruure ylac'brl' na- er6nre, r, ta .- no " aa'--onpa^e,,rflT u *"un"""oan raarlrrr{ (Srer. 6.18). 'pa@nueH Feurcuue..l4gqacnsea ce MexAyocoBoro pascrorrHue

@nr.

6. 17

ra

Ta, Koflro ilupau\a

Mr.tHaBa npe3 i-{e}rrGpa ria KoJre,roro $ur. 6. Tr4r{3;'rH&): r.rsSnpa ce roqKa n ce H3r,[epTaBar rierrDil KoHIIeHTppIrIHrt

oKpbhqFrocrn. {lpexapna ce ilpe3 roqxa It3lloJISvBa

Karo ce ra3fi oKp'I,)xHocr H To'rxa P, ce nocrpofina npocfnnr,f ua ^ gHcrpy_r'lleFrra (u3xoArrr4sr xouryp), sa xoftro no (6"3) ce ll3qrec,rgear p:78,54 mfft x p:s--'gg,!/ 6pn. I1o uauuna, nocor{eH B 3aAar{a 6,11, ce Har{epraBa yuacd:,x or" eBoJrBeHT;Ta l;ofij:o MVHABA npet roorrra F. 3a ro.rvqaeaHero tra l!eeBo,.rBeH'uar4fl upiiqun Ha er,6a e ueo6xoAul,{o Aa,ce r.rMt4Tr]pe 1.bpga.qfinero 6es nnrgraHe Ha x,roAyJrgara ilpana or riuc'ipyuenia no Ae.rlirerHflrfl oKpbifir{oCf. 3a uenr:i ce HaHacflr paBr-rrr orceuull (10tr5 mm) B'bp.{y iuo,{y;1131'2 npaBa r{ .r.e.nnre,,rHara oiip,l.ir{Frocr {roqrerlre ce H0r\4epupar no tlrrrrypara). Bapxy irpospaqHa ,'{apri{fi ce npaBn MOAe.'r Fra firrc'rpyMeHTa, KaTo ce rr3Kof[.lpBa rIeHT,bpbT r_{a ::}aKp]trr,1euaeio .5 lr roqKr.ire or lfrJry'rHara ilpaBa; nnexapei te {,a,rxm",:ur necnefiA?IKyJIt{p:rH

IIHCTpyN!IITA.. IiOffTO Ce lIonr4pa ,4.o I,e,4fiTeJlHaTa OKp6X{HOCI.

P ,'r[iHpisra na eaqenna"e, .40ocHoBHara oKp'hXiHOCT B TOrrHa s,, ru lro;lv.anata npaBa Ha.

(ila

l7_etp*

mrn^ dur:469,8b yrn, A"r-550 mm, d)r-4JT,SA mrn ce nocrpoflBar cboTBerFrr{Te oKp:b)KH0CTrr. ilpexapna ce ,,IAHHrr?a tila Bar{erTBane, tvlr{Hagau]a npee rovxa p. J]o Haquga, pagf,]reAaH B BaAar{a rpu br6a 4".". sr6Hla non.'ru. pi8orn"r. npo9"a;ltrTiISll?;iTj" "" npo$unn) ua Anofixara 3t6u, xonro .. aon"po, B ror{"+,^tT Kir ,", !1*lteHate fira er.rrypara ca rroKa3aH' c AeoriHa JrHHHfl. Tesra npo@rn^ aa no nlrHr'{fi?a Ha 3arlelBaHero. orpaHUrreHa ca or onp"*"oc"" 'Aonflpar ,.' paAr.ryc,: sa Ko,re,ro t or -o;t u orbr,uu non.no , -o;, L ";n. BaBr{c{.{Mocrrme (6.13) Ba a ce noJryqaBa

ttra,:- (zr1-z):475 rum. C uepasare (6.3) ce flpecMrrar O::Y tnrn, dot:422,86 mm, dot:500 mrn, d7r:337,50 mrn,
dz:500

Ha nper,aBra-

\u.rzl

Ff:X 1T.o .*

o,:

32.25o,

dor:

31,32",

1,543.

cTbnKaTa

osqere or ipnrypara br4:114,2 mm u

ce

Hsr{Hcnu c

oT r,roAyfinaTa npatsa npe: otde,lt3aFridTe ToltrKi.r. "iiJl{ut4 (Mone.lr'r iia lrHcTpryrir,reuTa e iloxaaarr na Snr;tpara Aonl/ BAficHo.), {'bpKaJt{llclo ce Il3B'bp[rBa, (aro ce Ha,'Iaiar rorIKIITe or ].1]Icrpyr,ieflTa tsbpxy c'boT'Bergr{Te ror{Kr4 or J{r'rfrruiFitrs or.ipjr,l{Hocr, flpn ToBa, 3a Aa ce oci{lYpl'I AollHparie I{a l,{oAyJ]Hara r,patsa c .ne,u.rre,'rHad
108

Ou:* ndor:*
sa npaSnunoro onpeAe"rrflHe Ha a

ndur:73*'g3 nm,
cJreABa

109

b'b':11547.

"o:
3a

pt

*- *^ro:!J:Jl:0,235,
ee Harlacsr
E

Kvre -brP Hspaonre (6.14). llonyueuHre croftsoern npecMflrar

onpe4e.rrflHero Ha roe$uqlreHrure ).1 n ).i ce pa3AeJlnr orcerF s 6zP Ha paBHIr qacru. 3a ecsxa or t{oJlyqeHnre ror{KI'I ce

loer.g orroBapfl Ha H3MecrBaHe Ha z.y6nus, rpe6eu x.rn:S,BBmtn Or (6.8) ce rr3qr{cJrffBa df:274,27 mm, KaKro n d + mz :325 mm, d b: rnzios 40 : 305,40 mm.

\,cp

\ -----

\/\-----l' -.tt't

i)

F-l t\

N.
\N

\-s

@nr.6.19
6.18

KOOpAr.rHarHara cucreMa, HeHHe Ha ),t u trr'

c Koero ce o$opunr rpasuxure

3a

6.8. fla ce Haqeprae npo$u;rlr Ha s,;s6a^.rla rpaHuqHo a;-6uo ,,reJro c'L,c z:13 sr6a, m:25 rnm ($ur. 6.19)' ( Peuteruue. B ypaeH. (6.7) ce npl{eMa sHaK 3a paBeHcrBo e rpaHuqHo) H ce I{3ql4crflBa

4 rpnTe oxpbxr{ocrL\ HAHIcq ce pa3croflHr{ero x . tn or roqKa P Lo MoAy,'rnara npaBa r{ ee : zo,zl **1. t",i Karo KonocrpoflBa rpe6eur,r (s:": !-:!'{ ol ,'teiloro e rpaHlarrHo, Br:br ltro uaul.rua, pagtneAaH B saAatra 6.11,
Hauepraea ce .Beprr4Kairara npe3 roqr<a

ce nocrpogBar eBoJrBeHTHrJsr H HeeBo/rBeHTHnnr npoQun Ha gr6a, OcoSeHoro ryK e roBa, r{s rbpKaxsHero 6ea nd'nb3taHe Bb,pxy AeJrltreJrHaTa oKp:bx(HocT c AHaMeTbp d:ft\.? ce H3B.bpruBa He OT MOAytHaTa

ll0

lll

fipara Ha rpe6eHa, a OT yc[opeAHa Ha Hefl IIpaBa, I,l3MCTeFIa Ha pa3crosl{rje x . m. (Mw:,J,aBarua npe3 T. P). 3a nocrpotBaHero Ha JIeBr4tl np'o$nn sa gt6a ce H3qI{cJIfl'Ba or {6.8) aeSenl{irara My no ,ller'IurexHara oKp'bx{Hocr

{EAIVlA T.IIABA
.CI4JIOB AHAJII43 HA PABH,HHHPI MEXAfIH3MI,I

,:FF:43,55

rnm.

ocraHannre npo$aln ce HaqepraBaT, KaTO ce prSrroJr3yBa cTbrIKaTa p*Tt.rn-78,54 mul I1o AenKteJiHara oKp6]I(Hocr. 3a Aa ce onpeAerr4 AilaMetbp'br Ha B'bpxoBara oKp'bx(HQcr do, HeoSxoAt'tt'Io e Aa ce noBHaBaT Mex(AyocoBoT0 pa3c?ofHlle I{ ALIaMeTbptT Ha IIeTOBaTa oKp'b)i(HocT Ha Apyroro Kod'Ie,'-Io, pa6oreulo B 3aIIenBaHe c Haqepra-

7.I. T{HEPUHORHH CHJIII

tr4repuuounure cHnH xapaKTepa3lrpar I'rHeprHoro- c6nporfiBreHHe Ha 3BeHara npB (npr [poMtHa na cxOpOcrra). Karto e t{3BecrHO Or Vxlt}ll{Ktr' ,ta, nnepUUOnnATe Cf,nr Ha 3BeHOTO, KOeTO HSBapUaa O61IO paBHItIIEO ABHXeHt{e }l flMa paBHuHa Ha cHMeTplttl, ycflopelHa Ha paBHHHara Ha ,(BnxeHHeTo, ce npl.IBe]I(."qar 3a MacoBtlfi qeHTbp Ha 3BeHOrO [O eAHa IHHaMa:
'x.tXHOro ycKgpnaane

6.$. Aa ce HaMepH M'bprBl{tlr xo,[, Ha sr'6l"lure Ko,neJIa Ha Hyxeea eadua npeAaBl{a ilplt 21--25, zz:75, m:3 mm' alio ftIe}KAyocoEo'[o pa3crofiHl.tee yBerldr]eHo

HOTO.

O.iO. Xa ce onpege,rn I{aK I't c KoJtlto'ilre ce 'IIBMeHI4 xoeSuqueHT%T rla fioKplaBane Ha npeAaBKara or SaAaqa 6.9, aro ce [r3E'bp-

1mm.

nr:S mm i"

LI]H Bbnpoc,I{oTo yBefiL{qeHHe Ha MexAyocoBOTO pa3cToflHHe.^ 6"X1. llpn pu*ot" Ha HyJIeBa s'b6Ha npeAaBKa c'bc Z1-l$,

c"roft c Ae6e'{e g's6nre 2 vt c AeKo"lelTora [Ia Ha crpaHa nursa A,2mm or llseata denUsa 0,4 nlm oT "[,RcHaTa. 3a Aa ce 3anas.{ MexA}ocoBoro pa3cToguHE a-t MaJrKoro st6Ho KoJIer'Io ce. uepaSorna Hauono. !,a ce oilpe4e.un ioe$nqr4eHTT,r Ha figMecrBaHe, npn xoiiro il{e ce rocrtlrge aaot aSga, e-Heodxo,u,IlMo Aa ce cHeMe

z2:13,
d
Orar.7.l

nlenriaHe 6eg x,na6uHa.

v irr:),$J.

S.

!2. Aa ce npoerrl4pa el6Ha npAaBKa c m:IO

tflTn,

Q*:241 mm

.6.i)
ucurrp
S.

d:-^.]r, rt*--tri

d(6Aero. 4s e ycKopeEttero Ha MacoBHtl qeHTap; tfl, e - Macara' cr'orBerHo 'LlJloBo 'To ycKopeHxe Ha 3Belroro; ./"-uacoouRr I{HeptrHoHeH MoMeHT Ba 3BeHoro cnpfl' 'uo oc, nepnef,.qnKynqpHa fia paBrrHHara,Ha aBl'rll(eHue, MHHaBauIa npe3 uacoBllfl

I,Inep[aounara c4na @ (Sur. 7.1 a) e npn,rloxeHa B MacoBHq 11eHr}p c nocgKar O6parua Ha nOCoKaTa na uer-OnOro ycKopeHlie 45,'a MOMeHTIT oT UHepqI{OHRHTe 'cutu M* e o6parea tro nocoxa Ha trJroBoro ycKopeHlre e. flpn nOcrtnare,tno AB.sxenne !41. 7^..1 6) lnuauara Ha I,IHepUnoHHI{re cI{tH e cBexAa cauo ao csta:. @:-ffi.a-s(e:O); npt,l BtpreHe Ha 3BeHo oKono oc, Korto MIrIraBa npe3 MacoBnr My IIeHrap ($nr. 7'l o), Auaanaara ce H3pa3gBa caMo c Mo' 'uenr: -M$:-o'it.".r"rt nHeprrr4olr'Lrr'e cI{nH c ypaBlt. (7 n;" rpeABapl'Iren'o ce "onpeaenrrr :brloBoro ycKoPeHne Ha 3BelIOrO Lr yCKOpeH[eTO Ha MaCOtHjI Iu] rIeH'

rrp

,Uexrr!
,(7.2\

(grr. 7.2), sa roqxa K (uen6p na anaeene) meprl'ogHara ,,EeAyqupa caMo Ao cnta @, I(aro nonoxesnero Ha K ce onpeaean or:
S.t

S. flo,Eo6no pemeHl{e e noKa3aso n sa4aua 7.1. Br,ruoxga ca H HflKoIt Apyru 3aMeHH lra EgepulloHlrara AtHaMa. llpu porauuoxEo IeHxeHHe crrpfMo oc o, rrpxy. Koflro He xex(I{

MacoBI.IfiT

AuHaMa

ce

'' OK:OS+ os
npocKTHPaHe

lL2

P-so Ba KJpcoBo

113

xaaero

t":V$

uHepulroHHHsr paal4yc.

rure yparuersr or cucteusre (7.3) u $,a) rr ce [otyqaBar

flpr

xonuenrpar]il4s ga Mrcts no cTaTgtreH erBxBanelrT Ce npeue6penBaT ypaBucar{sra

noctel'

(7.5)

lmo+m":m

inoalm"b-0,
-tl-A

Aso
a

t
rbur

7.2

@nr. 7.3

7.2. KOHIIEHTPAIIMq HA
B ggx'
,a c,r\rrlan

MACI,I

;
ce r{3Baprxu KoHIreHTpauHn' (ct-

queTo pelxeHl'leiBo,qH

Io
nt

cpe,qoToqaBine l'a MacrjTe .Ha 3BeHaTa no ycJ'roBuflTa 3a cf,aTHqeH ltnr-I Arl{ailHqeH eKB[BaneH] , oflirerrereirn roqKlt. tlpe3 KoHqeH"pHpaHllre Macl.l r ycKopHEtTa rM ce npecMtTaT LrHcpqlroHsr]Te MacH d ycKopeHnrTa HM ce npecMflTaT r{r{epqpIOHHHTc

e yao6uo

npe.qgrpl4TenHo .qa

(7.6 a)

ha H tft":tttAcm-

cliltu,

KonqeHrpaqEqra Ha Matrl no ,qnuaMaqeH e(BuBaJrenr ce cBex(Aa Ao I{s[3J'lHeHr,IeTO Ha yCnOBUeTO 3a ,4I4HaMAqHa eKBT4BaIeHTHOCT MeXAy 3BeHOTO r.r MOAeJia, T. e.
n

:!ffi

Ha nparrtxa ce npu6nrsa KaM KoIlUeHTpaUUs fia MacH IIo cTaTuqeg eKBHBaneIIT, Kolsro i3^4. t' lpef[Xara, XOTTO Ce npaBH Fpli KOHqeHTpaUBg f,a MaCn nO CTaTI4qeg evBHBaIeHT
ce npccMsTa

ct

ri3pa3a

S /)
(7.3)

*,:^
i=l

7.7)

m^m 196o7o:---9-' ' m4!mB ^*:+'

rpeluKa e no-rontMa

l ggo,.

nn .L) i:l
n

Yr,",:o, Z-J Yr'u,:o '''

Axo roDgara n I no ycro"uero-'sa'eHepr'en eKBl'rBarf,r' r' e' xrtu uacu' ;;;;*fi;;;,il;;/143pa3l/-' Te m5v,r8 nPecMerHaru no viaBHenrEe (7.6a)' cleana Aa ce npn6anar (?.8):

or

100^, npeflopaqnrenHo e Aa ce'npeKor{ueHTpl't-

-(

st*m sir. + \, -

-l

)lr, r*,o*,

* (i-i'

/*,1*l+r?)+t, i=l
l(lTo
clrMocr[Te (7.3) 4o6anar nu4a:
(7.4)

ratrl c ?o3r, Ha roqxoBns uoaea. rlpu Kogqerrrpaqsfl B Tpr{. roq,Ku ($nn. 7.4}

HaqaJIoTo He IoopALiHaTHaTa CHCTeMa

e B MaCOBIIS rieHTtp Ha Tfl,'tOTO,

C.bBna-

aann-

sa xoullofiTpauutr !a llie.cu ca nol(a3ag- B taaarln '1.3 u7.4, PerueHrg ' B nsxora caytrar e yAo6no Ilpeagap[Tenl]o ra ce l4sBapllu cacleroroqetttqHa B l]lpellacltre na sBeEala c ycJloBr4tla 3a cra'IHrIeH I''nri I$IiaM1]qeH xBHL'leI'T \nw"-' L AereHH Toqx[. Hpes cicpe.noroqeHure Mact{ a ycxopeHiltla Ha tcqxhie, ca cacpeAoToqeHr, ce npecMgTaT uHepulloHHHTe c-ll,'IH. 'r l.uo6nu peluenfifl ca noxaeann B 3ai[atlu 7'J u 7-4-

lmo*m6lmr:m
lmoa-m"b:0
lmoaa*m"b2:J".

7.8. UAEAJTHI,I PEAKUBHJ

BJ

KITHTMATLI'qHI4TE .[BOt4Ul4

"]

Or

peu.leurero Ha cncreuarl ce noryqaBa

(7"5)

*o:-!i-; *u-fi,

m^:moah

JS

.- da MexaH14sMa, B 8I4HeMaT7!Hl-',Ie AEOrJUII B!3IlI,l(BaT pealUI4Ir, XOhIO npu [peBe6perBafle ra rplteH{ro ce c3HaqaBir xaro I't.4earBh. Ha {,4r. 7.4. e noxasauo paaIOJOX{eHUTO

floA aeficrnuero Ha uHepuut{Hllre Lt BBHiriHI4re cuJlfi, upl'tJlox(euu ablr^J

sECEa-

rrnalt. Clc

clrMLo,la R;A

Ita lrlralHnre Feaxil!]r] B l0iEeMataqHhTe ,[Boullll Ha paFH]iHrII-rTe yExa{e O3!arzBa cataTA, Clhotlo 3aeDoro l4ei'itauyea Ita sBe-

!14

115

cayvafi Ha HaroBapBaue), onpe.qcrfiHer'o Ha peaKuilHre ce g3BaprlBa rro r

(.",.^H$filqi;'$XtH?,ff"'fftiflfusfif3#*fl,' l-"fll*ffx ro{i'i};'ir*iidfr-I6nrjpua ltBor{ua eano (ro.rreuuHara Ha peaKqr.rrra). Trrt raro acypoBr4re rpynu ca crarr.rrruo onpe4elulrn cr.rcreuri (npn

E. IIOH npH :/a&l",l@r B BT,DT'IIIA ' pesrgra'?,u...c.R-4se DeaKuunTa ca''

Horo IIOTO

Ta6rrua

7.t
Acyporu rpynu

- lI

xrac

YpaaueuHr

2M

a*0 }Ma-O

ea ssetuo 2
sa gneno 3

R,,,
RLa

)4:o
<Qur. 7.4

sa sneua 2 u J

Rir,RXt
Ra,

>F -O ga aseHo 2
B ra6l. 7.1 e noxasasa noc{eAoBaTetHo,crra ra crcraBsHe rla caorBerHl{Te y geHr.tc 3a HaM{rpane Ha peaKlruare. B rpyflure or rlac. Mouenrongre a peIIIuMlr nplr eAHo lreE3BecrHo, a BeKropHnre yp.aBneHxfl --npl4 ABe aeE3Becrn 3a bnpeaelnne na BAeanHI4Te peaKqHH B acypoBu rpyillI or III rlac ce cteraB Moneuioen ypaBHeIIHfl 3a acypoBnre roqxil. 3a uaunpaue Ha BcI4rIKn peal(Ill4l JIa,4eH MexaHI{3}M ce pa6oru n cr'Iealr?r& nocJleaoBarennocr:

[l

a) asnrpurua ce crpyKrypen aHaru3 Ha MexaHIt3Ma (onpeAelsr ce rpynnre); 6) npu xeo6xoar.tMocr ce onpeAenflr HHepq[oHHItre cvrt4 u ,4BotIuIi c rflx
SBeEo

IraToBapBaT cloTBeTHr{Te 3BeHa;

a) onpe4eanr ce peaKqanre e Hafr-olAaaeqeHara or flaqannoro

sa seeHo 2 ga sseua 2 u 3 Xi"-r-g

2Mo:0

R,,,

Rl",
Rrz
hqs

Rnt

r) noc,reaonarenHo ce ollpeAenflr peaKqBHre B ocraHaJlltre. acypoBl.I rpyuE, HeMepeHhre peaK[LIB B AaAeHa rpyfia ce cMflTaT 3a u3BecTHo BbEluHo
B CteaBa[IaTa acypoBa rpyna;
pea. Ha peureHne e npanoxeH B 3aaaqn 7.14 u 7'15. MexaHI,I3MH Saaaqara 3a lraMrdPaHe Ira ypauHoBectlBaulara c (uoueur) 3uaqllTen'so ce o6neKqaaa qpes H3[on3yBalrero Ha r. Hapi npaBIlao Ha ,cra ua XyxoacKn"" qpegr sero o[peaenqHero Ha ypaBlr.ogectBalrrara cI{JIa ga SBeIrea MexaHa36M Ce CBeXAa AO HaMIlpaHe iHa ypaBIIOBecflBAUIa cl4na B6pxy .,gBelto-rocr". 3a tagu qen ce r.r3BbpuBa cneAHoro: a) nocrporna ce 3aB6preHurr (na 90") nJIaIr Ha cKopocrure; 6) nruurnare BaprtlrtrE MoMeHrrH ce 3aMeHflT cac c6orBerHl4 aBol'lutt cuntl; e) rcuvru BbHtxItE cI{nH ce npfinatar e o6pasure Ha npuJto)i(gare HM ToqKH gaBrpTeHnr IInaH I{a cKopocrllTe; r) oflpeaens ce oEa3I{ cHra, Koaro npllBexAa Drocran' T. e. SaBlpTeHnfl EA CkOpOCrr.ITe, rpeTl'rpaH KaTo TBApAO rtJIO, B PaBHOBeCHe nptl poraqnflra My ,ro ftoJrloca Ha nrlaHa; npHnoxHara roqKa It HanpaBnelrHeTo Ha cn,rara ce no6g

rpyna;

)F:o
XMr:O

sa esego 2
ga soeHo 3

a) Harpan. c pa.3rne)r(aa paBHoBecHeTo Ha EaqaJlgoro 3BeHo, orK'bAero Aerr ypaBHoBec{Barqara cutta (unt uorueHr) 3a llenufr Mexana3bM.

ce

B pasnunnnre

tbin

l_

-g
/tr
,',2 5

R,,

npeABapilrerHo. -

Hsno,rsyeauero Ha roBa [paBE o e noxa3ano n sa4aua 7.16.

.t

IFr-o sasaeua2uJ )F :o sa sneHo 2 sa srero 2 X/a":0 :0

}Ma

Rn,
Rsz

Ras,

hrz

ea sseHo 3

h$

r16

tt7

flpo,srJtx{e!iue Ha radl.

_ ocxogroro npiorro nplt oflptAertnc Ba Docoxara rra cl{aara Ha rpllene e roBa, oefnpn IIpETata gnaercaq[s Ha lerrqxHr.rre orgocr{Tergara cKopocr !I c[dara Ht
plrs B o6lrnr cJryrafi Toqf,oro EaMripase Ha peaJrilure peaKuHE ce cBexaa Ao pua.saEe sa c!4cTeMH lpallcUeE4eHrHs ypaBHeHI]r (aa acyponu rpynu or II r,rlac _
T$I{ese c eAHSr(Bfl usAeKCU HMar eAHaKBA
nOCOKn.

2Mc*0

sa gsena 2 a

R,,,

)4:o sa 3BeHo 2 )Fr-o sa sreBo 3

2Mc:0
sa ssego 3

R!2, Rn Rlr
hzs

<Dun. 7.5

t,.
XFr-o
ftz2

t
,1

sa sneno 3
ga sseHo 2
aa snena 2 a

Ras,

&g

./-t"

|.l;r -\1,2 f \14

s*J

)F :o
2Mo*0

Ru
hzz

ZM n:o sa ssexo 2

hs

Rri

@sr. 7.6

7.4. PEAJIHI,I PEAKIIX'Ii4 B PABHI{HHI4TE

MEXAHHSMI,I

' ,";Cumre Ha rpuene B KnHe,MaruqHHTe ,4BoI.IqH ca nplrqrlua pe "peanHnTe' oco6eno aa b Mexarq3M,t4re ra c,e orrnqaaar or aAeaJ'rH[re. Tosa ce ornacs NCeHr{s Ba Mexarrn3Ma, 6.'rlrsKu Ao rpaHnrraqre. Ha $ar. 7.5 ca uorasafiH rl{$e
Ellte

re

ABOHq{j H.a paBHltHHHTe Mexagr,r3Mr,rr npr,IMepHo pa3rlpeaeJreHfle Ha

tsecrHa foJreMrrHa

rfiecr ypaBHeruf e ilecr nenseecrnn). flpu vacrurr HaroBapBaHHrr Ha 3BeEera peuesr.iff?a ce onpocrflBar r{ Morar Aa ce noryqar rpaooaxauraqso. Ha $nr. 7.6 -e no_ ffa3aHo 3a TpnT BHAa ABOrr[H peAyuupaHero Ha peanHaTa peaK[Es caMo Ao cana: npr.r BbpTfirqa 8pt3Ka cnra c Her.r3BecrEa rorreMr{r{a g nocoKa, .qompaua Io oxpa)Ieocr c patrEyc p-p.r- (paluyc Ha rpr4eHe); trpfi unL3raua aprexa*cpnt c HeR3npr.t Kollryplra- tpt3xa HeH3tsecrHa roJreMr.lHa, aofiHpaua - crna cno.( aldyc f (paauyc na rpn_enero) HaKnoH g-arctg p, cnpqMo

cKopocrr{ B

rrx n ctoraerur{re cHnH Ha rpueHe. Aro c Rru ce osuaqn

ABoIrqu MoMef,rar Ha rplre-H-e ce AaBa

p fu:afctg

L npHJlqlrga rorrKa c no3Haro aanpaBJre$Ee-orKJloHeHa atl'n Ha TpneHe) cflpsMo nepneHAHKyrspa Ha oTHocr{Terr{aTa

fil arlt

cKopocT;

f,ara xoMffoBeHTa Ha pearHaTa peaKqHrr, 3a c6orBerHHTe aBoI.IrIH cnaBa:

a) sa arprxulr{
KbAero p. B

Lr3pa3a

lllfi:,s,. r . p

rIt{JtI,tHApHqHar

6) npu nrr,srarrlu aBoxtrrr cnnara rra rpfieHe ce olpeAen; Tip-1t . R.p, ffi.qero p. e xoefnqueHrsT IIa rpfieHe B ABo[qaTa;

ca cborBerHo roe$nuxenrrr Ea lpHeHe npl' unr3raHe I,r paruycbr.

wsitr<a ua ABonrlara;

fipoa3BeAeH

*f

TbpKantHe

e) sa r<onrypua Epb3ra qe onpeAenfl MoMeHr H +r{rra Ha rpueHe' r. e. M!1, . RiB, Tin:pRin, KbAero f v, ,p. ca $oeof,uueflrHre Ha rPHese cborBeTHo

I|

nnl3rau,

npHnara B c.r,e/qHHt pea: a) c Aaresoro BaH_rnHo HaroBapBaHe ce onpeaensr ilaearH]rITe peaKqun, KoHTo ce .cql{Ta? 3a ay,seBo npd6.rlnxenne xa Hoprtrannltr-e KoM[oHeHTL Ea peanHr,rre peaKrrHlr; 6) T pes rfix H 3aaaregure xoesauueHrr, tra rprlerre ce npecurrar caorBerHrrre 'c&rrr.r Ea Tpnefie B ABOHq]rTe;
MeTOA Ce

Hara roqKa. B aaaaqrz 7.28 u 7.29 e noKa3aHo penreifle ia Te peaKql.ir4 npH qacTHo HaToBapBalre Ha MexaHH3aM. Koraro Mexanrz3Mr,T ge ce HaMHpa 6,ruaxo [o tpaHqqgo noJr.o)r{eHr,re, peanfiHTe F@xqull Mofar ra ce HaMepqr c Meroaa Ha nocneAoBarelHnre lpu6,'rrixeHug, Tosu

Ao oKpaxHocr d paB aonHp"oprulrra onpeab:raue Ha peanHn-

118

ll9

npl{eMar 3a BaBIUHI' cun' g o"Ur"rt "" carO uO' t,N Kl*M n%pBOHaqaJrHHTe; CneA TOBa c'e npecun'rar oTBOBO trAeanBBre peaKul'ttl' nyqeH[Te crofinoctn ce cqI,ITar Ba n6pBo npz6rtxeHae Ha HopManHHTe xoMnouenrrg' ry Ha pearEHTe peaK[rHn; Il r) vpea regu KoMIroHeHTq ce npecMtrar orHoBo crin?tre Ha rpl'lege E ABolruIrre;. ll A) r.,reraruontr ce saroBapBa c re3LI cLIJtH ,na rpllene, Ao6asetru xlu etuulnur? '.lfl S cr.rJrH, I{ Ha[oBo ce oflpeAenflT peaxqHHTe; TaKa ce fionyqaBa sropo npn6auxeHl'ie Ha

B) otrpeAereHl4re cLInB sa rpueue

ce

z*, zr:6polr xa sl6ute

Jeno.

caorBgrHo

Ha

MaJIKoro

ll

roJtflMoro grs6no

xo-

3uax:lr ,MItHyc".s crco6nte _3a Bbrqeufio BaqenBane. 3a u.{aBerHH xexa$E3Mlt (Snr. 7'7) npu saABxxaaulo a) sr6xoro xoleao 1
(7.1r)

3BeHo:

llpceunle

Etxorro llpecMnraHHs. 3a6erqssa ,ce o6aqe, qe npn npanoxexltt Ha MexaBusMHTe, o'raareqe}ru or rpaHl rrHHTe, MeroAtT e cfingo cxolqur r oue napBoro npu6nuxenue (pflaro BToporo}
Tos* npouec.Moxe aa
fro cbulgfl HaqtrH
ourq

tropManHr.r

r(oMnoHcBTH,
lpoatrxu

fo . :-t" :;i}+q.$

'o"ff#T&f;T-"",#il;i?i'i#-*'^?11
7.5. KOEOHLI,T,TEI{T

,.r0.

ill Il rll m

?tn:

1-(l-ira).('rf,f
ItH

5) ao,(rroro F/

u.r2l
xaAsto

nnr:1j;*1.lryy'
irr:he
rlpetraBarennoro orgorre'He;

tlH

ttA

I|OJIEsHO

AEIICTBnE

ffi ffi
S

qfi

alc

Mexaun.rsurr xoe$Huueur Ha noneaHo treficrsse sa MexalrH3MH* uu anpuo-m

aaBrrcHMocrgTe:

Aeficrsue Ha o6ttxsoser1sff MexaHIi3aM (npu cnpano sneno {)1 Ilonyqen tlpe3 strep* crfl Ha nrraaerutln; xoe$auueurar ft ce'dnpeailr. orra6r' 7.2. 3r .qr$epexuuaJlHl{ ueraBH3MIt nPu 3aABlx(Bauru 3BeHa:

-xoesuqueErar

Ha norles'o

e) ro,4nabro It uenrpatnoro xolelo 3

llH

(7.Y,

z;:i-i,

l: tr,*
xoeQuuueH'rr,r ua

(7.13)

3{-1

xarero f e

aary6ure Fst'

- D

a,t:
t{u (uryr)'

6) arcre qenrParrfl al6nn xoaela

* I I -'fl, ( rfl, )"1

T a 6,r u

tta

7.2

"T,',.'il1T'JT:;,ffiJ:lF:"?jH'J:l:"-

1is1<l 4a<o; iru)l

fuill;**t;*'*"'ffi:il
@ur

77

KLAetrO cJrMHpaHerO Ce H3B'bPIXBa Bbpxy BspTsUIr4Te, nrbsrarqare xonrypnnre ABOHTIH;.pi* ftn Ca roesnuuenrare ra rpneHe clorBerHo l]pr.r [n]3raHe u rrpxa-

,[ s ,ru"; i;A 1iiu7^ rie- orHoctrenHllre cKopocrH s paA'yclire Ha Blpreuare rprt- Nl xu.CRie ce o3HaqaBa uopuaauara KoMnoBeHra Ha peailHara peaxqHr, np.*- ll """u ce I43BlpIIrBa c.HAearlHars peaKllt4f (peaxuun,a or nv,reooro ffi?Ji:;I:i:Hero ll Onpe4elnnero Ha Mexaunqes K. n, r. e noKa3auo s saaa,{r 7.34. Il 3a onpeAe,rqu,ero Ha K. rr. A. npu oduxnonesa er6Ha asbfira ee Henor3yla Qop* Il r{ !
Mynara

"

*;i:;')*'i.'.'r1

t
ll

t7.t4l

\rc,

a:

r-i?r(

nfr)u

#_t,rr(rfl)'.f
nprl I3nongy8aHe ul o3HarieHflflra or (7.11) n (7.12), o1, Ha gleHara I, 3 u H. Docrf, " C ctorBerHo nocoqcnure Qopvy;rH e pe[IeHa aa,qaqa 7'31. 3AAATIH KbM CEAMA TJIABA uoJro)KeHnero Ha MexaHugMa
rror 21
cD3

tr oH

CsbFJroEHrCKo.

(z.ro)

,,u,,:r-3;a

l*.+),

}*

:l##fu-il:;

H ;1ffiffi'K"T"':#l;' ce sa tsee*$ ***'-*

or Snr.7.B npfl p1 :$Qo, arto e SaAaAe:$Qmin-l:coflst, lsa:0,6 m, 0-0,53 ffi, a:0,6 rn, I^u-:)1a, lae:t,8 m, l:0,38 m, lca:1,4 rn, l"r.:0,6 m, /cs:0,31 m, trl2: -O kg, ../",:0,tr kg .m', ffis:5 kg, /*:0,08 kg . tr\ tfts:4 kg, /",: -0107 kg. m' a m6:{,$ lag.
12v,

7.1. Ea ce onpeAenflT

HHepq[oHHI{Te cI'InH Ha BcI{qKH sBeua 3a

fi

Ha $nrypara c nokaeaHure uaula6un MoAynH ca .tePraHE -^^P_eweruue. c60TBerHo [naHoBere Ha noJroxeHHero, Ha u<oirocure fla ycxopennflTa. Or nJrana Ha ycropennsra c o?qurar qs2 u tsa H C6OTBeTHO Ce npecMflTaT: As,:62.fto:8g,5.0,1g7:
,

ts-5,{5

rad/s2, E+- 15,14 radfsz,

ee

:0.

@t: tttt. o", :

3a

ronenaunr{Te Ha r{Hepq*onnr.rTe cr{Jrn r{ taoMeHTH cjxeABa: 6 . 1 7,63 105,78 N; r}f -/", . r 0, 1 . 2,12 0,21 2 N . m,

:17,63

m/sz:

,
'flocoxnre.

@a:46,29 N; @a:76,04

\;

@6=-137,85 N,

rr=Q02m/nm
K*=0,062Bmfr

M?:0,44 N.m; zlff,-1,06 N.m; lvIl":0.

t<o=e/97mf5rmm

r*

Ha reBH

ca [oKa3aHH

*?11
HHn

cr4JrLr

MoMeHTr{

nnaHa

Ha nonoxe"

rt-:: 9rpi1.Y-rr"rr: Horo HaroeapBane na .rrarepa A Ha

Ha $ur. 7.7

9=?

careJrHTHHlr

6tox 2-2' or

noKagand'raHereH MexaHH-

3bM' aKo ,tr:3000 min-l:Const, <Drar.7.9 2r:20, z2:40 v! 2s:120. Macara ra 6;lora 2-2' e fit2-2,:)l1g, g MacoBHfiT My rlenrbp cbBnaAa c reoMerprrqHara oc Ha narepa. MoAynrr Ha BcrlqKn ar6Hn KoreJra e 5 mm.
Petaenue. flpecmnra ce npAaBareJrHoro orHouleHne Ha nJIaHerHIlr
MCXAH?I3'bM

l,u?: I -c;1:
@r'dz

r*+. +:1

+ ;$.

ff

:s,

'OTKbAeTo

3a brn'Ba?a CKOpOCT Ha BOAItnO/rO CJIeABa: tlrr:*L: 'lH ' 62,8 ra.d/s. Trfi xaro MacoBriflr rleHrbp Ha careJlr,rrrnx 6,nor (r. A). ce ABu)r(H tro oKpa,)KHocr c paAr{yc Ra:RrJ-Rr:+ Qr*zr):150 mm, Tor{Kara A, LIMa HopManHo ycKopeHne ai:r'r. Rt:62r82.0,15: :590 m/s2 H cborBerr{o ltHepquoH*ara cwJla, Kosro HaroBapBa Jtarepa, e @r: d\..m2-2,:590 . 2: 1 180 N 7.3. la ce oflpeAenqr roneMl,IFrara, rIpHJIox{Hara rollKa H Ha[paBJIeHI{ero Ha rilrepquoHHara crrJra @ (Qur. 7.9), axo sBeHoro ce BbprI.I

c
@ur. 7.8

H npHre)KaBa Maca m:Bkg n NrdcoB HHepqlroHeH MoMeHT /s: :0,4 kg. m2; nonoxeHr4ero Ha MacoBr4fl My r.leHrbp e onpeAefleHo
or
'paacrosHuero

trJroBa cKopocr ro:120 rad/s

'L,t./roBo ycKopeHne

e:5000 rad/sr

lor:200

mm.
HHepur{oHHr.rrr paAr.ryc:
t2_

ez:-7iL
\ga,rorHqno ce
HaMr.rpar

tE^ . h^

21,6.0,197

:2,12

:'adf s2.

Peweruue. llpecmnra

ce

's-m-

JD
-

0,4

I *,

H ycKopeHHsTa

0,05 m2, pa3cror uwero o

K:OS' + ;i (/s

0,45m I{ -brbJt p

arctg

4s":9,26
5.22

m/s2 ,

as,:19,01 m/s'z, as":30.63 m/s2;

-arctg

"!91 :1e".
123

,{nHauata Ha nHepufiounnTe crntn ce cBexAa ctMo Ao caJmra @*m.d5, trpHJro)KeHa B r. K nOA'bt6n p cnpflMo nnsllsra os. 7.4. ila ce o[peAenflr r.rHepquouHr,rre .cwr]r B KoJrsHo-MoroBH{KoBHs Mexalrlrerru (Qur. 7.10), xaro ce r.rgBtprrru rpe4BapnrerHo cbcpeKr=0,002

ff flo raKbB HaqI4H qed'Il{sr Mexann3bM ce npr,rBex(Aa K'bM MoAen or rpH noABE)ffHn rgltIKL A, 32 n .B ctoraergo c Macr.r mo:$,Jg yf, fi: c,rel onpeAeJrgHe Ha ycKopeHr{ffra Ha rpHre roqKr,r an:qd.ko:72 mfs2, ar":7sr.k":58,5 m/sz u
tlezs:l,5 kg vt ms:))l<g.

nf..

0
r,{

20

40mn

Xn=0,:06mft.-. ko= 1,8 mfg.,

a)4

3B
..

l li,r#

#
8

,\$i

i,

<!ur. 7.11

Qur.7.12

@ur.7.t0
AOrOqaBaHe Ha Macl4re Ha SBeHaTa. Haqaauoro 3BeH0 1 ce etprn paBHoMepHo c 'D-rJIoBa. cKopoCT or:30 rad/S. PasnnepHTe Ha MexaHHgMa Il MaCLITe Ha 3BeHaTa C&i 9r:50", lor:g0mm, tla:150 mm,
@l

as:qb.ko:45,9

*,t'
@,q,:ftLt.A.l:383,7 N,
Ha

:Sa Tpr]Te HHepIIIIoHHIt CI'IJII{ Ce flOnyrlaBa:

Ior,-]-bo, lr"-:*
:0,03 kg mt.
Peuteuue. Macata
crcpeAoTorraBaMe

lt6, rttl:

kg, mr:J,$ftg, me:20k&

./",:

:floKaSaHoTo no.rlolKeHlle Ha rr'p6auuun MexaHLI3T'M (Qar. 7.11), aro .e SaAaAeHo: tot:20 tadf s, ls6:450 mm, I.q,s:424 mm, lur":0,5 146,

,":*r,'&r":87'7 N t'r @t: Pn'aa:10009'B N' 7.5. na ce onp.eAeanr llneprruoHflnre cl{nl,t na xo6u,rnqara 3
tnrnl

Me B

s r. r. A, B u S, c yc;ronrrrrra

ms Ha

rrocrbnareJrHo 4Bn)r(eqo ce seeHo 3 B. Macara Ha MoroBrrJlt<ara 2,c,bcpeAoTor{aBa-

ga AHHaMHqeH eKBrrBaJreHr (ypann.

we:.

7,4; 7,5; 7,6; 7,6a), omrAero oflpeAerrs

moo:-\--4

AS2. AB

kg,

^*:E#F:2ks H tn rr: sr-(m24+ m2d: 1,5 kg.

Tafi
r<aro 3BeHoro
cpeAoToqaBar\,re B

nts:B kg n ./".:0,Q12 kg.m'. 7.6. na ce onpeAengr I4HepuHoHHnre cwrw Ha BcHtlKIr SBeHa Ha ,Kynr.rcHr{fl MexaHr.r3'bM or $ur. 7.I2 npfi cJIeAHVre AaHHHi t\: : 300 min-1 : const gr : 45o, loa : 100 mm, IoB:240 mm, lor,: :.40 mm, 11",:80 mm, m1:3 kg, rnz:10 k9, -/",:0,4 kg.m', Js,:0,06 kg.m'. 3aAaqara Aa ce perrrn B ABa Bapuanra' Karo BbB

a:L60

r. o u A

1 ce erpru

paBHoMepHo

c ycJroBr.rflra

(r,.-oj, Macara My c'b(craruveH exaunaneHr)

filrcf m1a:m1 v tntrc.OSr:mru.43t,

OTKbACTO

aropr.rff ce il3Br,purfi npeABapHTeJrHo cbcpeloroqaBaHe Ha MacHTe Ha BBeflara B rroAxoAflulo aa6paun ror{Ku. h# 2.7. Aa ce onpeAenn MoMeHr:br or lrHepusonul4re CLIJIH Ha Maxonax, rofrto raMa cnpsMo ocra Ha. BT,prexe MacoB r{HepllnoHeH MoMefiT Jo:24 kg. m'. 'brnosara cKopocr Ha MaxoBI{Ka ce H3MeHq anseftno, xaro B HaqaJIHr{fI MoMeHT {06:0, a 3s cneA rosa Ao6nsa crofinocr

q:24

rad/s (@ur. 7.13).

MoMeHTLITe Ha HHepqaoHHHTe cHJIIT Ha

ffin:ttr4f;:z,ol kg u m10:r, *:1,33 l,

724

ffi, 7.8. [a ce oflpe,upaqr

st6r.26

nHTe KOJreJra I n 2 ($ur.7.14), axo B AaAeHHrr MoMeHr xo.te.noro i ce Bbpru c 'brJIoBo ycKopeHlle er:100 radfs2. 6porr sa gt63re Ha KOIIeJIaTa e Z\:25 Il Zz:45. MaCgsnre HHepqIroHHr.r MoMeHT' ga ocfl-. Te HM Ha B'bpreHe ca ctorBerHo "[-0,1 kg rn, u Jr:9,5 kg mr.

+r -A:

io'

@nr. 7.15 @Hr.7.13

Qm.

7,16

Qur.7.l4

r\{oMeHr (tprar'.7.15).

rr./r'b3faqa ycKopeHne

7.10. na ce olpeneJrrll HHeprli.roHHrrre cuJrr.r Ha Bcr.rrrxrl sBena B, MexaHI{3Ma npll pt:J[" (Sur. 7.16), a6o HerIaJIHoro seego I IlMa B AaAeHI4q Mol\,leHT 'br,rloB3 CKOpOCT or:84rad/S rl br./loBo yCKopeHHe: er:3300 rad/s2. Fasnrepure Ha Mexalrn3Ma a MacoBnre, xapai<Tepi.rcrnr(rz Ha 3Berrara ca: z:150 rnm, lor,:60 mm, ffit:S kg, m2:3 kg

onpe1eJrl,r MoMeHrHara MorrlHocr,. Heo6xoAraula a: 12 rnl s2.

, 7.9. f],rssraq c Maca m:2A kg r.lua cxopocr 5 mis s AaAeHHrr Karo ce npeue6perHar clurnre Ha rpueHe, Aa ce

Aa

ce

cto6qu

Ha

fna:0,8 kg u -tr,:0,04 kg.m', Js":A,O2kg .^'. 7.11, Ea ce HaMepttr r4Heprlr{oHHr.rre cr{Jrn Ha 3BeHara 3 u 4 sa noKa3aHoro Ha Sdr.7.l7 no,[ox(eHr4e Ha MexaHu3NIa [IpH ?r:135"o aKo Ca 3aAa,II,eHr.r: or: 10 rad.f s; loo:a:0,3 m, 169:lDS,:A,75 m, lsp: -I ln, /ru,:0.45 rs, tps:4 kg, -/s,:0,015 kgmz, rnn:i0 kg Jro:

@ur, 7.17

:0,I

t:A m2.

BI'F,JIHI,IK c ocHoBa

7.t2. 3seuoro OAB rpeA.craBnrrBa xoMoreHeH panHo6eApeu rpn;' AB:0,6 m, h:0,6 rn, xofito ce B'bpTLI , oKo.rlo ocTa O c a:20 radfs tr e:2000 rad/s2 (Sur. 7.18). !,a ce peAy[npa AI{* HaN,rara Ha Hnepr-lfioHHr.rre cr{Jrr{ sa r. K caMo Ao cwila @, aKo e BaII,aAeHo rn:tro kg, "/":0,5 kg m2. 7 "13. Ea ce onpeAeJlrr r.rHeprrxoHHure CI4JIH Ha gBeuara B rrlapHI{pHHn q,erlrprr3BeHHvK or @ur. 7.19 Ba gr:60o, Karo Macure Ha SBeHara I, 2 fi 3 ce ctcpeAoroqar B IxapHI{pHHre ABoHIIH I'I B c'lborBeTHI'ITe MaCOBII IIeHTpI{ nO ycnoBl,lgra ga A[HaN{Hr{eH eKBIBanenr. 3a*

AaAeHo

e: lo^:Q,4m, I,qsJ0,B m, 166:0,6 6, l6s,:0,2 t, ,,i$l: :0,25 m, loc:0,8 m, lrr":0,2 m, /fll : 1 kg, mz:2 kg, rne,: 1,5 kg'

Qur.7.19

Qur.

7.13

126

t27

:i,L,,f j":i'-:l-i"if,j*#iqq,ffi

**ffi

,!

-2

Mp

: o, - tw o+ R,rn. loc

-0,

orKbAero
rl'3nc].rBa

- .937,5 N.

Rln:4L : 'oc
:
o.

-0,32- -

300

Paanoeecnero Ha r{flnara

tpy[a

XPr
Ka,

0,fr,, +,{in +Rr,

9^::l _".*ropHo IlepraHare c ABe qeprll

a regn C
eAua

ypaBneHrre He B,/&rsa BbrperrHara

rl
lr

ri

t,oro paBe'crBo Ha c'aHre ga cbutroro BBeHo cneABa, ue frnu:_F; Ha Sar. 7.20 z e jrA_e,.1eHa^ acypoBara ,pynu i, s. ipy,i?r, * o" 'ei'arprnx Br{A B ra6n. 7.r. crc"i"" i. MoMe'roBoro yc,roBne
rrpynara
3a

e perur4Mo. Or nocrpoeHrrff n.[aH tt,1T (Snr.7.2a a) ce orunrs Rrr:Rru.kn:72.S.'ZO:1450N, ;{' (;:-&'al.Or aHynzpaHero Ha MoMeHTHTe BT,pxy seeHo 5 cflpflMo rE qe ,peakrlus"u D cJre/f,,ea, '{xa R]u [,rr{HaBa npee r; D, aot BeKrop-

o6n1o 4ee Heu3Becrrru, ypaBrieHnero

'-

caMo

BeKTopI{ ca Lr3BecrHlr

no

Ha[paBJreHKe.

Trfi rato ai

rlo

foJIeMLrHa r{ noco-

,^nu fi^u; roAnun"rla

Ri, .laa-Fr.lea-Rns.hRn":O wnn e{roo2433 N. ilr'n nemopr{oro ypaBHeHide ga paBuoBecne Ha cn.nure B Ta3rl rpyna

2r":0,

4,"&*4+F,,+R;:o
;rnra o611o rp$ Her.rBBecrHa. I{enseecrHara peaKlr.Ifl *{i', aa onpeAerrfl '{)'r yc,'roBaeTo 3a paBHOBeCHe Ha SeeHo 2 (Qur. 7.2A d), r. e.
.
.,r ,:-jrs4*dssEffiI:-_:.ji
_

-r

Ft: a
()r

nnu Fr+hL+Rii +F,,

o.

Rsz:Rsr .ko:110.20:2200 N, ei'r:920 N n""urr", Rrz:2640 N. pou Mo)i{e Aa ce orpeAenH, peaKaur . ^ilul*.rHara xaro te ct_ /,:r'3nr{ nJIaH 3a paenoBecnero Ha CHJII{Te Ba acypoBara rpyna 2, S (ii KoflTo HeH3BecrrrHTe Beire ca 4ne), Ho B cnygafl e pagt,reAaHo
llaBr{oBeHero :2++

n"rana Ha c'Jrr{re, norqu"u*

n, 0"". e dl.

Ha

BBeHo

J_Sr.r.

7.20crc,

r.

acypoBl{ rpynu

or II

xnac

3Benara 7.5.Y 3,2t ^^

'i;ua r{zsfRas*R6e:Q.

e. sa I4:U
T.2A

ce

rrs_

-,

- ---"[

"""*t;:t":;J,t{1":J""n"To1li;i#;?,19#;J33"'Jdl'lh:q;tt

l.:'Jiilx|'; i'.{ilJ"fu

lX'"XilX""# i,'.X#.

-.

'

..._..f_R^an".nr.ro ti'IJHTfl

e perxeno rpafi,ravno Ha @rr.

Roa:Roa

s, or
J)

Koflro ce

i';l3crosunero
, l'-BJ ga KypcoBo

.kr-l3f... 20:2669 x ce oupeAenfl or yc{oBnero (sa enerio

1r1.

trpoefiTupatse

129

Harpan ce paarnex(Aa paBHoBecnero Ha HaqaJrHoro 3BeHo ($ur. 7.20 a). Henanecrnara peaKqHs Ror 4e Jlexn Bl,PxY npaBara
x,
=

ZM

":

a, * :

*(R

e.

ftn +rrari

:sj#,Ptq
xr=

0,316 m'

Hnea,rr'Hre peaKrrrru u ypaBHoBecn'aurrlf,r !.?l MoMeHr, npnJroxeH Bbpx_y Haqa,rHoro ieeuo ./, npr4 c.ueAHxre AaHHH: pr:37o, lon:0,3 m,z16,za ii"1^"J0,5 m,. Ico:-0,25 m, tac:0,4 m, lce:0,v35m, len:,!,,|Sry, t^r,.J6.stlu, r,u_ oB r{eHrbp Ha ABC.E, i,iirs

u'Aa ce npect:li::-

n,ufl-

ss,u

fr^

:?$aK;,%;3ir\.#::e'ii*'
Pewenue. Mexanugu:sr

-L:

lr;;o,tp, ".-\ . ;.'i;r:!}i.r,,-ir:ibo\, rurr:

ii: qoop,'ar,':i*". m, &:

##;",iJ

20
-'/

/,0

R,,

\'),

M"

neprreHAfi*ydpr" Ha rflx _ uonyqaBar ce Ril n RIn. peaxqurra e r. .E .. or:r,ru.u .r_ tl{o Ha nBe KoMnoFreHrH - R;, " Rfl. Hpes uoruenronu J/cnoB'rr c.borgerHo B{r 3BeHara 2 u 4 a* onp*ran"',
H

!,"r.""y_ r.J3non3yBaHa e r. S. TCAK*I{HTC B ABOIIUHTC B N C C.C PA3..,AI'AT CSOTBCTFIO NO HAg. paBdrreHrrfrra

"pprre Ba'tJ peuleHfiero;

no,rro)r(eHl{e Ha Qtzr. 7.21d! ro Me?ola Ha paaruro6seanero rouxa ^8j.'.C'ra"pr*ru {n eAHa acypoBa rpyrla or III r.,rac * u"*u"u i: i,";"; F.t'rulrn rpyna 3ae,qH. C B',HuJHoTo HaTotsap'ar{e e ilo.o.r{eHa Ha Sur. 7.21 6. llot<aaadr ca acypoB,r ro,{r.H s, s, s,a-;;;;;

HaqepraH B saAaAeHoro

AB u DC

KoMroHeHrl'rre RrB, Rtrt,

r--1

tt
,

2Mo:0,
p

M A(F2)M e (Fn) -t

M?- R!r,

lal: o; Riz :

86,6 N;

t'oS

_\t

ZM o=0,

Mt-

Rln. toc
cytJr.[r,

0; Ri+: 176 N.
.

"lil

Cyuara or MoMeHTHTe Ha BcrrlrKu rro 3 ga roqKa "9, rpaona aa.

oTribAeTO

lt
\t
\t {

flu, : 0, M " (F - M e- Rlra.

a)
,

ilffiy*,
Iu

r.

Aeficmynau4lr Ebpxy

u_

RIr. l"c

Rla . lsr

0,

I Dt rqr: - 7;

'' [Mt+

Rtrs.

/cs+Rt3 . tar- Mu(fr)]-56,55 N.

Or

ycoronuero ga paBHoBec[e Ha clrd,rl]Te Ha geeHo d

<bur. 7.21

O,S. PagHosecnero Ha .SBeHoro t'l3I{cKBa

*?'r : o' Peruen +?u' :.. l{osTo ro Ha roBa ypaBHeHI{e e npeAcraBeHo Ha Sur" 7 '20 x'' or orqura: Ro r :?or . ftr: 159 . 20 : 3 1 B0 N' e Hr,"l!i{ t;;";; ; .. #l "r,io' r{ o M aa ; : r. io ?; O, r. -'i:::" ^ : : i:5:::. cnprlMo Ha currlre flfir1;"r;';i1,frun.nr. panubne crle

i"

('c onpeAe.riflr (Qur. T.2l e)

XF,:

o unn frfu+R,l,

+4

Rou

^ Or

panHoaecr{ero Ha cuJrare Bbpxy gseHoro

D D L a-,,,,.. r(a5:f(so .*n:1700 I\f H Ror:Ro;.An_ lBB0 N.

J
o

"pJ

7.15. 3a AaAenoro lloroxeHne Ha

r30

: 1450. #.'a;fufSet.'f6'

d66'iznz,z

x*'
Ha

24' : o ^n, Rt,+&+Ri-+{u+{iq+Rg, +Rf, : lc upecMflrar (Srar.

Z.2l z)
D r{za:Qza .kr*2216 N n Qrn:g283 3a paecroaHuero h, ce nonyvaea (sneuo 5):

MexaHITBIua' nora3au

N.

ltI rd{

.LJ _-

9Mo:0,,s -Mu-Rot. ha-}

_..
d,

unu

ho:# : -0,0072.m.
Hanlltue

Mouesrtr M2 ue e
3aBlrcnruocrra

pagJloxoen Ha ,qBor4un cLrJtH, a

3a lpauuoeecnerofHa 3Benata 2'

ffda-

u]4 naoxeila ce

Mr:Mrfl,*rarro
u

e peAyr{HpaH ctc

ab u AB ca orceqKu cborBerHo

ZF,-', F*+&*&*&:0, t >f,:ol'ft^:ln&+R#-o,

oT n'rraHa Ha cKopOCTHTe

rrJraHa Ha n,JroxeHHeTO. MonaeHtzre l}fn

vl Ror;S%l-\ orr'bAero (Qur. 7.2t d u e) &z:2100 N y I c AeircreyBal{HresBbpxy ;:^ffi"S""'.:i'tti e noKa3aHo 3BeHoro / ce nolyqaBa neto-cti". 3a ypanuonecrBaulus MoMeHT ce Myp: Rzt. &r:630 N . m. EilFTf p:-":io-*fr FAl;;t&elu"ptel,ooc#*ui'xffi ua OA' 3a nonoxeul'Iero roqra A,

L*u*;."na*s npx
Ha MexaHH3Ma

n:'d6

il;:6f

n11t 3aAaAeHH: lot:0'4 fi' Ag nr:5!" ft i"' r'r: tooo N, Fu:soO N n r14r:200 N ' m'

"122 ^neineH4I'IKyJIflpHa

l=ft^t:

@nr. 7-23

1$=Q}tmfr*

+=-ef'

m/c'mm

Qur.

7.24

@ur. 7.25

M, ca c .AITaKEH 3Harl', 3arrloro ab tt EB uvar eAHaKBa sprieH_ raunfi (e npornBeH c"ryvafi M2 u M, uJe HMar pagnrir{Hr.r euaqr.r). B roq'a .,l e FiaFreceHa Ir ypaBHoBecflBarf{ara cr,ra Fuo, ol paeuosecire-inpnuo ro Ha n,'taHa (,,,rocra,,)'C. uomenrono, ypaBlreHxe
n

2*, :

?.,p,

0,

Fypp

Ar- nq;+

Fe

pb,-

r.

e"

Fu

p,

o: 0, c./reABa

@r;r.7.22

Ha ilo.{o)Keill'IeT0 Peruenue. Ha $urYPara e noKa3aH nJraHbT ftrnaslr cKopocrKTe' Ha nJIaH 90" MexaHH3Ma H 3aB'bpreHnsr na b, n rovrtlre e u F6 Fg CHJIHTe c15c cKopocrHTe e onaroBapeH"
fi,32

AencrBuero Ha c}iJrrrre &:2000 Nt, Fs: i0OO N a lrorae"rsr unX pa3Meprlre Ha MexaHu3Ma ca: /o,q:100 nrmo loa: tu3,#,),;",; :zuu iflm, ca6:u,5 la6 u h.:50 rnrn, IzinepuuouHHTe cfil,ru ca BKdTKT_ 'reHrr rJ saEaxeHrlre (Sur. 7,23).
I

A.a ce onpeAexrlr riAea,]rgrrre peaKllr4]r B.bpxy Bcr.rrrKrr nHHe^_7:17" t"-"t:"i j:-1r_\n, ypaBu ots e csea rqlrs r na ou eHr M y p' nipxy es eFro ro I I.:r {)

J.j

7.18. .4a ce onpeAer'ltlr peaKLI,HHre B Kt.IHeMarHqHHre ABoI{uII il ga nrexasusua or vDaBHoBecflBaull4rrr MOMeHT Bbpxy SBeHcro 1 ^$nr. Fz*2000 N'. er:45", Br,pxy r<o;ito 4eficrnyear CHJIIITe F":1000 N, t.t r,tolteHyt;t Mr-20 N.m. Paeuepure Ha MexaHI'I3Ma ca:

ili{ "p"

llr:tur,:200'mnr, l,ro:0,5

/AB, Jb'-'-0,5 Iss,

lo4:100 mm'

YP]ejpeecflB,alrlanr B-bpxi/ ,s4: ^MoMeHr :200 ssegoro J, axo e oa1,aAego: LUU fl7ff\ I 4 p : 2'20^mm, ffIr1' X6 : sc !p: * 140 rnm, Fs:4000 N-l 1i I,tr:20 N " m. 268 mm, lc - I Z2 mm,
L

THqHu ,U,BoHr{H sa noJroxeHHero Ha MexaHr.rgMa npu- 91 :80.

(Snr. 7.2g)

V4-Lr
r..qv

@ur.7.28

<Fur. 7.26

Qur. 7.27

7.19. fiorca3aullfir rr'P6lluen MEXAHII3'bM C HaTOBapeH c Mo\'{e Mz:8A ll. m. lla ce onpeJ{ernr peaKqLIUTe B KI{HCMATI4IIFJHTE A 1 sa gn O, C, B w YPaBHoBectiBarII{tlr UCrnteHr: ,4zlro B'bpxy seeHoro rnm {roJroxeHljero, rloKa3al{o na @:lr' 7.25, ano /Q: [20 mm, Joa:80 mrn. n /o6':$00 itiOl'Ii""|l' oilpeAerrnr peaKrd'nra E.bB B"bprnrx,ara Aeoraqa B ypaBHonecflBarql'Ittr MoMeH-r Bbpxy sBeHoro H li.l::::-1"T.::: c MoL'{eH TelI \4exaHu3'bN1, aKo gl6uoro KoreJIo 1 e uaroeapeHo n,1^.t11 M:20 N.m; uoay"'i t{a g'u6Hure KoJIe'Ila m:20 iltrfi}l -blbr-I 6 z'e:60; zL:zz:21, *un* .":ZO'; 6poi ua sr'6iare Ha KoJle"{ara (Sur. 7.26). Ha careilllrl'lre s:3. 7.2I. fra ce onpeienni peaKul4ure B'bB BCI'liIKl{ K}{HeMarHqH tt' .vpaBHoBecsBa ABol{rll4 Ha rauleHC'oBI{fl MexaHr,laln't (rfnr. 7.27\ t ^,.^ ftr:25 inrn, fu^:)l awo hr:10 npn B t. ^ra - 1n ,-; K cana, rpr4,'ro)xelra Ei:1F"' hs=,4A-tnm, Lsr:2loo vt Fr: i000 FJ' ' 2.22. 3a i'rixaea*ara KilHeh[art'IqHa cxeMa or aBToMar 3a saBap' nane ($ur. 7.28) aa ce HaMepffr I'IAea.rIHI{re- pearrlln B'bE Bcl'i"irr'I 6 HeMarr.rtiuH ABoItut4,,'no C, oui*n", gt-45o, tor:S0 mn1 /ro:!-Q Brs p-55o' II r-id''nm ri"-:t6;tt;';;;'Aamm, k,:rQsis1, r{oro HaroBapBaHe, B K0ero ca BKJIIOTIeHI4 I{ I{He-pqfiol{uT'e cfiJIH' Fr:n+o N, ,44r:29 N.m, Fr:5oo N Ir Fo:4oo N' 7.23. Ea ie onpeaenflT x'{AeaJI}l[Te peanIrl{u BbB BciattrKII KnHee'I
.1

@ur. 7.29

/,,,t:1,11 mm, X"":J*F :r., ,lou:g,44 /nc:0,33 rfln lDs,:0,505 m lcpur"" 2.30;"

irriL{I{Hara Ha vpaBHoBecflr,arrla?a crJra, fiprir'ro}r-Hr B urapr-ii.;pa /, rrrJre:rAnr(y.:r;:ilria Ha r)ari;raBJreltfiero O,4,' nocplJCl.Bolr ,,iaaru ,," )liYxogcliu". I-{aronaprane'ro ria gRenara ce cbcr{)ri oT Ter,,ioBl{ara ( !rfie.* Ho_^3,Hor.o 3 Q3: i00 lJ, nprr,uoxe'ara u r.raco*r.t'qeHfl.p S cu_ ,',,.f (peeynraurara o? B:,sixvrrrur.rr iroror) a ca"raia 'l eo: r.)u I3"O_t] -\ (TcrJo'Hara cH.Ta na xc,re*oro). pasmepnle Ha 3EeHara ca: -l"oy1u,

7"2&. 3rr Mexarii{3r{a Hi ,,]aca'ro Ha caMo!'IeTa Aa ce r{&i,icp{r fo-

t"o:0,7

11,

1,611

6,

104 Ja

135

7.25. 3a nono)xeHl'Iero Ha MexaHHgMa or Srar' 7'31 npu 9t:41" cil.]Ia ce onDe.[.enu qpe3 ,JtOCTa Ua ]KyroncxH" ypaBHoBecqBau-{aTa A''3e' o sa u"e nepue"'irirvr'InpHo ffi F;" ;'t?,";I(; ;;p;;;ug!o ;;o.ffi 7a:6n':4gg;t;,-k":I000 mm, Ip":620'inm, xo: -150 mtn'"

n,:5 kg, mz:l0kE, mt:2k}z ma:4-k3,, /s,:0,03 kg'm2' -/o: :0,05 t?.nlt n ,/",Jg,ggg kg.*' (Srrr. 7.33).

Z.Z{, 3a no.ioxenuero na K.J''HO-MOTOB'4r'IK.BH' MeXaHI'I3'bIvm ({rur. 7.34) flpH gl-45o Aa ce onpeAet{:r peanHlzre peaKlrl'la' ypaB-

QHr. 7.30

@ur. 7.32

Qsr.

7.31

J,^,:500 mm, h:2}Amffi, F2:1000 N, Fu:300 N' rtr{r:100 N'm N . m. iii's:150 " l.io. .il.a ce HaMepH ypaBHoBecfl3ail{ara clr'.ra B roura-'4, nepue /rr{K}.,-ffipua na *on"not?-"^bf, "9:.p^.A!1"oy'n:ffly FylT:Y1 ax;';;;;;ur."*' Pr:45o, lo^-2dp ffiY,- -to":200 mm,- lnc:a'5 I x^:250 rnm, yr:-z6d iK, ,ltr- 'lo'x.T , Fe:500 N'^; r'16: N1m (rpnr'. 7.3:). 2.27. fa ce onpeAengr i'IAearHIlTe peaKlrrlH B'I]B DCI{lIKI4 KI'I}I n ThqHI{ ,[,Boilr1!{ I{ vpaBHOBecflBauIHtiT MoMeHT I{'br'{ SBeH*TO I na r'aH npg CJ'IeAIiI'ITe r{aga}tns B 3aA. 2.lL mexasn3'bL{ 'u,orI'bJII{IlreJIi{l{
r36

@sr. 7.33

HoBecflBaulngr MoMeHT B'bpx-v 3Begoro I tl, u, n" A' ' aro ca 3aAarxeuu: L"a:90 mm, I ea:200 mrn; rcoe$r'rqaeHlL'r Ha ?pueHe 3a BCHqKI'I e Aeoorii* e LL:0,2, a panreyCr,r na urgixure Ha BbpTtIU{Ilre AB.I'I{I4
e.[,HaKbB:

Ba,pirrBa poTaqafl C noKa3aHara noCCKa. !,a ce ofip;l.e,4flT TT,pCe]II{Te eenlIqKXH [I npn cMflI]a Ha nocol(aTa ]{a BbpTeHe Ha IIaII&JIHOT0 SBeI{0" Peruenae. Ilpli 3aAa.u,eHaTa fiOCOKa Ha B'Lpre[Ie Ha SBeHoTo
r'37

Btpxy

r-40

mm.

sBeHoro

3 Aeficreyea

cr{Jrara

F:90

N. Ijaqa.nsoro sBeHo u3*

'/--torq0,
ce
nod'Iyqa*

crsfJracno flocrpoeur{q Ha

,r*]!f>0. 3a ornocnreJlHr.rre cKopocrr.r CnAB&r Ho. pastrTe: or2 : or - or(0, ocz : tor - ( 0 (,rre : 0 t u oo1 : -.rrl1 ) 0. Ha
u
(rlz tr;o

$ilr.

T.B.l naaH Ha cKopocrnTe

n"lJtla r{ir') llanpaB,fleuuflra Ha cu,'lfiTe Rze H Rog ca KSBeCTHtl' ua*altpar ce t ,tu4r ($r,li". 7.34 d) Rsr:Rru . kr:54. 2: 108 N, N' . Ro3:Ror .kr:22,5 -2:45 roqKa Ha I-lpunoxtara roql{a I{a. peak{,}tsra Roa e B flpecequara 3 4eftcreynar 3Belloro anp.nrp"."tu Ha dz, n F, lla Karo Bbpxy
Ha

tu/

IF,:0,,",

Fro+F+For-0,
(-)l'

caMo TpI'I cI'IJII',l. Or pasnonox{eHl'{ero I{a

cndTHTe

Bbpxy 3BeHoro

c'leAea:

4r,:Rzr:i08 N u Mn:ps' Rzr-: 100' 108: 10'8 N'm' Koe$nqileurirT Ha noJIe3Ho Aericralte ce noJlyqana or orHollle'
,HI,iCTO

ce npoMe' Aro ce cMeHI'I [ocoKara I'Ia tfJIoBATa cKopocT t',lr' IJ,(e cny:ogll 33 HflT I{ rlocoKr{Te Ha Bcr.{qi{i,r OTHOCIITeJIHLI CKOpOcT[',], a' Or 7'34 r!ul" Ha nol(a3aHo e uaii pasnoncx(el{fiero tta peaHul'lltre nJIaFIa Ha CKJIIITe ce oru,,,u' ,Rz;:E8 N' R;3:23N" 3a ualoeapsanero FIa llaqaJllIoro 3BeHo (peiirqila {{ ypaBHonect{Baul MoMetlr) ce onPe:enar

p(r .js,10.002 Pnon . T!,,kr ,,:t :0.725. : -F W;- :to'8' - :-T- 4"*:Gn'C
.

R.r:Rzr:gS If'

My':it'' Brr:62'8E:5'456
I'I3pa3a

Koe$uuneurtrT Ha iloJIe3i-{o 'neilcreue BoAeu{o seeno 3; ce npecN{tlra or xenltero

N ' m' (cneg peaepctlpaHe Ha

'['Bx4-

Qur. T.J{

t,-Tt:---'L* ' r4e.rr

P,,on

F.i"

!.199,--.-:0.692. --yL;1yt-- : - g0.l;),5.0,CC1 - f"i'u'ltt 'utt

{ur, Trrl ].Sa

I{aKBii flocoi{H
peKTpr.rcara

rrogecsBar. f,npexrplrcara Ha e. xonlparefiHa Ha oKp?,x_ ^peariqrlxre lrocrirre Fra rpneHe (p * i, . r -0,2. ,40 : g mn:). 3a 4a ,,*ar .iiut*,1*"rTe Mo-\reHTr,r rra rp'eHe or cr'Jr,re Rr, cnpJrMo r. / ;'-.;.

d e noxasauo 3eeuoro 2 c geiicrayBarr{lrre nay peanr1H,, fl, , r(ar.) ,B6pKy sBeHoro HrrMa .[.pyrr{ cxna (uacren c"ryvaii Q12. ua r{arf}BapBaHe), Asere cu,'ru HNrar o6u1a gi{peNrprrca i{ B3ar4MHO ce yuaB-

Barua B'tbpxy 3BeHoTo J,

138.

ce 4onupa Ao oKp,bxiHocrr4Te Ha TppreHe fio rrojiasanfir ua dirzr3para FrarrHH. Sa noqcxara ,u ff., e \{ello.qaBrra orilocuTe,rnara cxopocr ?0s. Or paeHonecLiero lia cpIJrI4Te, rel.ltray_

au rpt6ra 4a

oTFlllCtITe.[IJtrTe CKOpOCTT{ ClbC CblitnTe I{IiAeKCn, AI]_

^R*

"

cnej,Ra:

mm ?.29. frp5nua c pa.ql4yc 6-0 qm {r It3MecrBai{e AO:44peaKoilpeAeJr"t'"ptfl5t::e ce 2. (Ser" 7.35) auAonttt nu' n,rssiaqa )i'a a!{o: o:65 nir:' D: iZU tnfil' C: n{I{14 B NtexaHI.{31"{a np!1 9r:300, 'ria rlJl'b3laue P;0'21 xpu T.bp' lpllelle l-g0 **; roer.fxuueuru -lrl]^rl 0 Aa ce npeile6perHe}; nlailtB qopu*Hero ABo{4qara nur"r*' ;l.-S *L c:roitnra(crrMani{o--Lon}/crr,xMara HaMepr4 q..eO ce rul ,iu"'i*nu' )la }Ia 3aABI4)I(BaI{eTo HOCT Ha a, \Ip'il KotlTO 3a ll0"l{]lxenHero fr-30o qpes B"b3\{oxgo" e J ece oue '$,'I'bgraria 2 ^Br,pxy pea,nHtrTe rrJrar.ia Ha noJio)KeuHero ca HaHecer{H bnuonue, 3tseHo roBa tsT..:y 2' p.u*tiur, notto g*,1.tu1iuat elPxl' stseHolo KolITo II'bpor .a.elicleyear o6u1o tlerNpa cllJlti -- Q, Rtz' Rsz fi Ro:' HaBara e I{3BecrHa, a Ha ocralIaJIIJTe ca il3Becrl'Iil HanpaB"IeHttnra'
139

MHpaHero Ha rexHI4Te TOJTeMHHH e cBbpSaHo c peruaBaHero{ na r{3! BecrHara Ky.uluauona saAaqa or crarnxara. flpanara ft e xyannaHoea* Ta [paBa, no Kosro Jrexar rr]peKTpnct{Te r{a paBnoAefiernyiaqlrre na + --------J + + Ro, u Rn, pecn. ,Ri, u Q. F{a {urypara e noerpoeH nJlaHGr }ra cl,r* .rnre, 4eficrByBauru B,bpxy gBeHoTo 2, c eexropnoro ypatsHenne

gaAEI;rx{BaHTo Ha },{exaHH3Ma qpeg SBeHo

'1 pecr' Srarypira ce orqnra: hi:228 mm' uoaoxe/ sBeHoro a;Z-i,;-Op,i1g3 mm, i. e. Ba ,rta rpeMHHaBa
rpar{r4qriuTe ,anynu*
${Hes'o

craea

HeB'b3Mo}KHo' 3a

o"

9r:30o, rPr6na a{193 mm'

Kr=Qoun/r*

Kr=10 NfTn

Qur.

7,3:5

s-3
,60

Q-R;2+Frr* Ror- o. Ar roed ilr'raFr c orr{r4ra: &r:R" .kr:84.4,5:158 u Rir= 171 N. 3a rc u. A. crrreABa orHorxeHtrero
.++

xF,:0,

-:l+

N, R;2:1.41'"8

htr

ago lonnpHara roqKa Mer{Av Beeilara I w nonaAse Bi r. /) {dpur.7.35). N]'nl,raHoBara npaaa F"uie ce c,,ree c 2 AupKrpncara, ga Rc.: or n"lei-rJ Ha cr.tJrrTe ce gaSe,rtgea, qe B ro:u c,rj.uarl peai<* = qHure (,2, fti" 11 ,t., craBaT deerpaliilo ro,,lelorr4. Toea osuao{aBa" rier.
creuTe.ryHo,

no-ro,'rsMa croriHocr, IrMa tsepoflTHocr prexaHfiSr\4.br ,1a 6.roxzpa. naa-

Quz__ : Q.LtP12.6' _ 90.35 A.,_, --pl.. -7i;i; -- rss. ou: t-).3'13. n . ,t Axo npu r{o'c?pyfipa'ero Ha MexaHHgMa Be,lilq,}rara A
't'

[*
?

-\

h
t-ila
A

rxoirvri}{.

<Dzr. 7.36

?.30. 3a noJIo)KeHHero 9r:45o n noKasaHara nocoKa Ha B'bpreHe Ha Har{aIHoTo BBeHo 1 Aa Ce HaMepsT peaJIHI'ITe peaKllnlr Ha Mexallrttt, 143:360 mm' ,,i*"^ or 6nr. 7.36 aflpn creAHnre AaHHU: lod:210 : ; : ti3 ini, r, :zsg N' 4 : 400 N, M2 : 1 50N' m (AC c B); xoe$r'rqgenp':s'l$' r"H Ha rpl{eHe aa nn?3tarltutu a"o"ui p:0,2,3a B'bprflull'Ire -

t4a

l4l

;;]tf*.
xy
3BeHOTO

[a
2

ce HaMepn

14

ypaBHoBecnBarqusr MoMeHr

tstpxy

sBe-_

Peureuu,e,

,qericreyaar B''HrxHr c,.trn. Morxe aa-*o""3yBa MeToA'br Ha [ocneAoBareJrHnTe npu6.ruxeuar. Ha au $llr. 7.86 6 e ll3He-ceHa acypoBa?a rpyna 2, S

Mero4tr or 3aA. 7.28 e Henpnnoli(HM, rr,r)i xaro ntpu ca onpeAeflesn

2, r.
e.

npra6.nuxenne (s, ce Da3flklqaBar MHoro or crofinocrl{Te IIa nbpBoro qe cTolrIrpKeMe, ce par*ute Ha rpa$avnara rotlxocr)' I'o' Moxe ,u.a sAY ycJloBnflTa H ce (nano'neynar io.t"". Ha pia.ttnrare peaKqHH ca 7'36 d): I paBHoBecl'le Ha 3BeHoro

-$ut'

MoMeHToBoro ypaBHeHHe 3a gBexoro

uAeansnre peaxquu, Or.

aseso 1
I

ce onpeAeJlff Rlz:5J0,2 N. Or

2mu:0

wnu lv,l,,+F2h2-R,rr.

An:0,

sF, : o, n1, +'{l ri A - -F] + Ro, : o

Be&ropHoro ypaB'eHue Ha rpvilar*.

(perueno BnnBo or S11V-n_ara) ce no"tyuaua eir:200 N, Roa:150 N Rrz:566N u Rzg:425N. Or ypanneHuero f,Mu:O nnu Fsh*Rffilh:$, sangcago Ba BBe_no.'rVuasa hr:24g rnm. (Ha qairypara rooa pa3croflHne 13,,5e, He e,
HaHeceHo uaua6Ho.)

N, R;:410 t'1, Ri,-{R3r+r3':177,6 N, lRi, i:56a fte:198 infir, Mr:14'225 N'm" nnaHerHHE Mexa* 7.31, ila ce onpeAeJIH Mexaullqnltnr K' n' A' HZI 3BeHo e KoJIeJIoot!".. 1.7 sa ABa cryl{afi: a) eaAruxBallro soA'no'o H' 3x6ttulerrofilrr l-2' "rr"*" ro .l s 6) saawrxuauo sBeHo _ KoneJIa [IpH' " Bcnqxr i {s t'*u, .Anu*""'". "- a. n:a'9?; 'T'6HH rex{aBar eAHaK'bB Mo,qyn; 4:40,' 2z:16' zz:24' flpecunra ce Peueaue: a) 3aAenxsauro 3BeHo e xore'roro '1'

- fe-0, R;,+R;,:0,
l:

fuIn:Q2fty+ M'n* M6v

R;

npeAaBarenHor0 oTHoIUeHHe

ypaBHeHrrs uMaT B,nAa: eseHo 3neHo

flony'leHure crofiHocrlr orroBapsr Ha peanH'Te^peaKllr4ri or rryaeno npu6auxelrue (r. e. ua ,A.uinrre p6axquu). si c""i;e u MoMeHrHre Ha rpneHe ce nonyr{aBa: Mir:p.rrr.'Rrrl0,lS.ZO.566: : 1,698.N .*: rt. lza .Rzs:1,275 hl. rnt rrr:rrrrprr: ao N. !jr: 7.36 z e Haqepra' rrJraH'br Ha cKopocr're Ha Mexa'pr3Ma. ^ -Ha @ar' 3a6earep;a-c., ,rS0. o"t;A;;;;r'.u no.onr{re ,a orHoc'rerrHr4re T cKopocrr'r o121 o32, zou (HaneceHr.r Ha $ur. 7.36 a), e.a,HonocoqHo Ha Kouro ua Sllr. 7.JS a ca HaHeceHI.I voue"rare r{ cr.rJtr.rre Ha TpHeHe c.oc c'bud,Te HHA.KCT{. ca nbp-BJtre npz6nuxeuufi:, Fra peanpeaKr{HH B acypoBara -flo.nyueulr rpyna 2, J.'Moueni""u". ,-u.nropn""* ::l_e

ita: ! -il3 : I O7' 7,:Z,SZ (r': 4! 12* rz')' or ra6n. 7.2 ce orqr.rrar k: *l; nfr:n?:0,85' or saBI'IcI'IMocr(7'11)
Ba K. n. A.
CJIeABa

2- }M,*o, Mzt Miz-t- Fzttz* tuiiz-Rlz

2,

,-fA:

AB:a;

o,

&+F:|I,{,.&+*Ro,:s.
@ar' 7'38

sBeuo ,l

Fek-M33*Ro6&s:g. ce onpeAerrs ,qi::53g,5 N, or eroporo ipe* ureHo lpa$ilvHo BrirsBo Ha Sarypara) c,rejisa Rir:l70 hN; Rou:. :175 N; 4rz:564 N a firr:410 N, a or rperoro i he:ig3 **.

Or

n'bpBoro ypaBFreHHe

* )ru":0,

flo.nyueuure

Qur.7.37
,,o

cH./rH

ipes 'i"* or"u lrorn" orHoBo Aa ce npecMernar cr{nare aa^rpniRe, c Kor.rro cneA pagrJrex(aaHe Ha paEiloBcaero Ha rpynara 2, 3'Aa ce no"lyqar sonlr nopMarHr* (eropo npz6nuxeuze). Kaxro rioKasBar pesy.rrrarr4re? :::ff^YT croHHOCTrre Ha peaKrl'rrre or cneABarqr{Te npu6aaxeuufl Hri!{a Aflr
t42

HI'ITe peaKrrHu (Hopua,'r'r4 KoMrro'eHru).

B ABourlara ca

n.b_pBo-

npu6naxreiue

lla

peadr.-

fip - 0 -

ir,r)(f,',)'l

: #[1 -

-2'52)'

0'85]
7

0'e 1'

6) 3aaeuxsauo sBeHo e BoAItJIoro H' Or ra6n' h*_ 1, C YPanu. (7.12) ce npecMtlra

'2 ce

orqur&

143

"rtm: hafl (t - -ha) (nfu\ul-':2,52 IL- (I-2,52). 0,8,5-1]-1:0,903. 7.32. 3u .u,aAeHoro rrono)r(eHr.re Ha r(yJrr.lcHr{fl MexaHrrsbM ($ur. 7.37) ."u,4 ce 9trPeaenn MexaHHqHHrrr K. n. A., aKO B'bpxy H3nbJrHtr{Ter'THOTO SBeHo J e nprznoxeH no.rregH'gr cl,npor'unreles -ruronaesr Mr.Hauan;{oro BBeHo .l ce arprn B rroKagaHara nocoKa. paeuepure Mexa_

"a

B ApyrHre ABoHTIH, Al Ce onPeAexn .q,O KaKBa croftnocr na 6r.t'tl d gaABnx(Baneto Ha nrbBraqa qpes gBenoro I e BbgMolt(Ho (Qur. 7"a0). 7.37, I(nwgoBnsr nJ{bsraq / c uaca m=%) kg ce ABHxI'l noA Aefr' CTEHeTO na :lOpUSOnraJrHara cHna F paBHoMepHo Harope Ao HaKJIOHe'
TpHeHeTO

Onr. 7.10

@ur. 7.39

A.A

c1r lol: 100 mm, loa:2}A 'rrim. Bcuqxu Blbprfliun ABordur{ uuar urnjtxa c eAHaKtB AaaMerbp d_ l0 mm. Koe$Hrlueurbr Ha TpI4eHe 3a B'bpTq[IHTe AB0HIIH e_ p1 :0,1, 3a n.ntaraulure Fz:A,2. Ia{uepq',-oHnare c}rr'rr{ Aa ce rpeHedp'eiuar. 7.33, fla ce orpeAeJrar pea;rHuie peaKqHH ga noKaaaHoro {ror,ro)KeHrre Ha MexaHrzoua (@ur. g1 T.}9),_aKo: T?z:g!', loa:S0 mm, lou: * 100 mm, loc: 150 mm, h:75 mm ,r to'i:0,5 io,i.^ X"ifuiugeHrbr na;l|He,ll_e B],B BaprflIltirre. ABoHU.u pr:0,15, a e nnberaiqrr 112: AHaMerp're na rnnfiNule Ha Bbprqtr{}me ABor{qH ca d:20'mrn. :0,2. MexaHnsN{tr e }raroB_apeH c.bc cHJtI{Te i.r nrolreHrute: ^Fr=4.96, N; t;; :30 N, ffi' Mr:l0 N. m, 4: 1400 N. 7:&4. 3a Mxa'ugua Ha noBAHraHe Ha KoJreJroro Ha caMoxera ($ar. 7.39) Aa ce HaMepr{ Mor{Hocrra, RspasxonBaHa or rpneue B.sB tsCHllKH AtsOLlIIH, aKo: gt : 1 95^o, rrll : 0,3 iad/S, I I tn, 1., :) 111, o t: IAs-0,6 tfl, lac.:l m, lsr:1,2 m, i"o-0,6 m,'l.""iO,S *, Cil iOON, Pq400 N u_G.-600 N. finarr,lerpr{re -sa ruafir<nrE na ABoHrIHre ca cborBerHo: do:d'-59 mm, du:fl,"-30 mm" Koe@aqneuri, nu .p"._ He BbB BC}IIIKn AB0HIIIZ e !r:0,1. 7"35. 3a MexaHHgMa oi saAhqa 7.22 ta ce oflpeAed,rflr DeaJrHHre peaKI{HH u MexaHHqHHrrr K. n. A. nF{ roeeuqueHr -Ha rp"e"e p.:0,2 sa BcHrIKrr ABor{rIH n pal.lyc Ha rusfixure e O u A'_r:l5mm. -aaAs*xBa 7.36. flpar'sr nocr ,/ rrtrr,s'aqa 2. Koedr,uneHrar Ha TpI{eHe B nJrbBrarrdara ABor{qa I e p:6,2. Karo ce npeHe6perue
HnaMa \44

Qur.
HHq

7.41

roreMr{Hara Ha cvtilara.fl axo Koe$HqfieHTbr Ha rpltelle e p:0,12 n brbJltr Ha KJIHHa e P:60o. 7.38. IIon Aeftcrsnero Ha xopngoHra,,IHara cn.na F sBeHoro I s KrrHHoBHs Mexanr{3bM Or sUr. 7.42 czo6ulaaa panHotrepHo BeprHxarkg. [a ce onpeAenH Ho ABn)KeHHe Ha sBeHOrO 2 c Mica 'z-3C100 B AonItpHIrrE. paBHtrHLt ct-d. cnnara F, at<a xoe(pnryreur4e Ha rplleHe b-b u c-c ca cborBeruo paBHH Ha p,a*0,3, p6:0,4, Fs:0,2 |a

noA

trra a:10" rrnnon

rcasan

2 (@rlr.7.41). lla ce orpexeJrr.r

a:30o. ?.39. 3t6soro

.l u soAnJtoro H na noKagaHr.rs AHQepeH. (Qnr. 7.43) ce BbpTnT B e/lHa u ct'u{a nocoKa c brrosu cKopocrr.t uir:50 rad/s tl oa:10 rad''s. Aa ce npecMerHe MexaHHqHLIflT K. tt.,4r aKO Zt:Wt, 2z:40,22,:$S I{'?3:$Q. Koe$nqlteu.KoJreJro
UHaJIeH MexaHlIs'LU

l0 P-ro

sa ky.pcoBci rpoertxpare

t45

Tbr
KGB

Ha noJlegHo ,a,eficrane

ila gt6Hlrre geofirn I, 2 u 2, 3

-1:094. 7.40. B Kpaff Ha Bt;r(ero, Koero ce HaBnBa Ha 6apa6ana lH MexanugbM Ha eJreKrpoae6eAra ($br. 7.44), e nocraBena Macar& ttt :200O kg. Pa,uxyc"i 6apa6aria e R:360 mm. 'Ila "ce onpeAe
"u

OCMA f.'IABA. IIHHAMI4KA. H A MAIII}IHT{TE

&t. ATHAMnqEH B 'rroAer Srr. &l al 8. r d). ,quxavnqiu rrlolel.

LO,4EJI. nPLBEX.IAHE HA ClrJlll H

llAc]l

srflr

Kaxto e usEecrxo'.npE Peuaiane ga ocBotx$Te Salaqlt ua r$raunxata rouxBarperar c GAua crinei na cno6o,qa Moxo ra 6j1e Rpxre.qcg Ao errorecoa
Cayra! sala,lalh 8a gBfiXeIHeTO la 33e4arl B arPers?a Ha erilo Baprfrlo ce 3!eHo (oco8 rHHaur|qcE nria na eAHa rexta rcqga (roqxoB .rf,HaMnqeg voAs-Osr.
rOaia

be caex,qa Ao garaqs sa Alltxenile

Qnr.

Xr/9/
7..12

6
Onn. 8.1

. Ocra rrs roqKara Ea nprrB-cxraHe (dapnqann peuepnu) Morar [a ce na6npar npoxsBonuo; Hafi-qecro pe_rcpilera oc clullsAa c acTl Hr BaPreHe na- sqaeugro aaeup n 3a penepua ce ls6npa roqxa or roBe gBeao, Koraro npu Aflf,aMrqnoro ll3cnelBaHe rpr6na aa ce onpc.lertr neparerpETe. lla ,llBuxenBe Ha roqBo onpIereEo tBeHo, npHBexaagero ce H3BrpuBa Ktll loal sBeno. .' llor6xeuuero Ha 3Beuoro B ocoBttt .qttuaunqen Mo,ue, Ge orPercnt c arala rta gaBapraue g, a B ToqxoBr.isuoAe,n-c'ioop3rruarata x (t' urp. o6o6uenr KooPtr'
HArH).

jluxa*n,rnnre Moaenu rpn6ra Aa 6rAat exrngafleHrHH D cntoBo u eueprnluo orxorxeHne Ha npnlexlanus veiaHnsrn (arPerar). flplnexaauero Ha crrtnTe ce S3B6puBa qpe3 paBercrBo xe uounocrste; T. e. MolllHocrli Ha npgBeteHur MoMesr (uan-cn.ra) ipa6ia aa 6aAG psBna Ea cyxarr or Moulnocrrrc Et .4eficrEyBa[Inte B anperara rKrlrBnu cnnv ,i xoxesrn. Kalo ce l3nox3yBa rola ycnosfle, 3a [pnBe.4e. ndn uouesr .M, n npusegeuara clraa fr ctoreerno ce nonyqpBa

Qsr.

7.43

Qur.

7.44

Mou{Hocrra, Korro rpn6na I,a ce npHnoxtH Btpxy BaJIa Ha- 3a,u rqoro KoJte"ro / 3a ugAnraue Ha Macara tn, aKo nt:t448 6ponr sa et6are Ha Konenara (rcuuxn c e,qHaK'bB ruo,uyl) E z1: zi:60, zz:75, z,:75 v! -21:120. KoeQuqgeHrbr Ha noJIe3Ho -,u crBHe Ha Bcgxa Asofira SaueneHn KoneJIa'

*,:23$+
t8.l)
KaAeTo Fi,

Fr-Z
Mt ca caOTmTBO arm""tr"e

(npn

Henog,BH)I(Ho

T-0,98.
146

Tpnettero B narepure Aa ce .npene6perHe.

""*

lOnCrtxi 117

-GI(OpOCTTT IlpHBe)alaaelo Ba MacBTe c9 FSBADlItBa rrpet u3pa8Ef,EaHe Ha KKEeTHqEHT cngPrar _H! MoAeJra'n arperara. c rosa ycnosHe 3a npt8e.[Hfif ulcoB ffHepqlloHerf uoxetT "1, n npnreleaatr Maca n, ce noryqaaat saBt{cuMocTr{re

gp,-cKOpOcTTa IIa .Epsnox8aTa roqKa Ha ct0raeTHaTa cAI,a F;i ll ('1 CKOPOCT Ha 3SenOTO i; g, -arloBs?tr cropoct Ha 3BeHoTo, KtM KOSTO Ce r{SBrpUBa nptfB)K. -trtoBaTr Iarero (penepra oc); 97 Et TOqKaTa Ha npr.IBelKtraHe (pe[epHa Tort|(t].

srogrfur. Vpaan. (8.3) rc6aae iryn

da J-T-'M'

It

1121

Jr:JTconst-r Mr-IU!-ssnst, r. e..pcAyttrlpa||mc tap|r.tfln cr rc,

OtraAeTO

doM ffae:--Cgnst,
I q:_2
.

o_=e*f*o;o,

A.EtTl

ete*rod*go.

(E.2)

r,*Zr^ i(
UACaTa

+)'.:

r",

(#J',

ro r pn a. calrBerEo rrlosa?a', cxopocr 4 lry ararar?-oprr f:0. To.au cryqal e narotrpnpau

B 3a"(aqr E.13.

Kblefit ml e

gt

^,:Z^,{*l+X,
CDOT'e?aOTO sBeHo;

CI,

,^ .?._!pr,/r:"f:6en51 cc noryqrBa lu.r)

ut

U)-M(i'1 or ypir.

"/. oil

-IaCOBITST

fiRepIIgOxeH MOMeHT

sr j-rOrO gBeEO Crrpf,XO OC,. KOf -

dro' *u (;)''J a

upe3 MICOBB' Xy ueqlrp; Ha MacoBHfl qeETrp na i-roro 3Beflo.. -cropocTTa. Karto ce Er)rra or Itrpa3sre (8.2), upnaenengrr MacoB xuepusoreg xoMeHT u ItPf,9ClCHrTa raaca ca QyrrqHn na npe,nasareraHHte or.roueHnt, T. e. Hr reoMCTpr{.

TO XnnaBa

ce fllarpurBa c or.reJrrne Ha rrpolLl_.-lp_t!l"To Menrulrrre, eyrunr e pa3rre.uafi n saaa,ta 6.i4. it. lIPf, Jr:J@l a Mr-M (q) ypeer. (g.O) Aorrycrt otpBf nnrerpar, rofiro xspaorra. uiueBetlHeTO Ea

Qnr. 8.2

:f,re uelaTerpr-Kooplsn.nre I n r:

rtseTurlllala gHeprnrr, T.- e.

Ir-Jr(q), mr:mrlrl.
_ .,Ilrpnnre saBuctrnrcrn s (8.1) n,{8.2)-o[peAersr ocHoBHHre napauerpu r]f, r na ocoBnr AEneur.rer rorea (0ar.'8 t 2y, t rropnre _ F, i ii,(ri re rbq. "lr{9} roBnt{Hotret (Snr. 8.1 6). Bauerrero-ra nnepquonnxre crrat eafxy asnireHrero Ht arPerars ce orqtta qpe3 npEBe4cHHre MacH. Axo mcrara Ea nprlexaaHe (r. lJ${r. 8.1 a) aexu etpxjr seenoto Ha trputertrqrne (roelo BMa porauaorno 4euxenne), MexAy npuBeaintrre eeattqunn ca B :rfa Pasenfllinac
Ipnuepu ed npueexlane.Ha cf,nt f, Maqg ca troKasanu a iaraqn-g,l s 8.2. . llpHBexlAHero Ea cnnH Mo)(e ,qa ce rsnrpurtr a rpa$o-ataantx.qpo qpes [pa. Bf,r(IN, fla ,Jtoora na xiroacrnn. flpueereuara cslra e !a6na no roaerriirnr na yparaoricnmutara,
/

(8.5)

i
''.w:

lto

trl ,z

(et-+ ro.,t- f .J

M(E) . dq.

Tyr uro-o190; n

"16:"I(gs).
to

peuaaanero c4prMo nl Bo[1a Ao 3argc1uocrrN

(8.6)

(9r:

orxraero caeg nnreipujoa ."- n6avqara

(8.7)

, de. ,"1,"1 .(a

ro

uria o6pareu snar(,

r. .. 4*-Fvp.

'

&2. OTIPEJIEJIflHE HA ABH}XEHTIETO HA MATIINHffI ATPEIAT

Caea xato ce gbcr.aBu augaurqg6rr Motren na arperara, T. e. cJrea KST9 arpG. ratar ce npuaiae 40 aaeao c npocro rEHxeHHe, 3a.(pH6r Ha ABrdx(euHe g (f), pdcn. .r({, ce otrpe.(err, qpes unrerpnpane xa ypanrenui;o- ;a .rla6d;-- '

Ka,leto AE (9) e H3ueHenltero ua rlnuetulrbra erepttlf,-qa rara fla aeftcrByBauflrr o-o:r.yg"l'{ crar; {g_ccpa, parra xa pa6o-r1$ *plrrrup-affrri.urco8 rrrcprlnone! uoMeHr; o re*yuara.

ttnl (88) +''-lj:::l i*r:r:tur,lr i11.l

3anrcqvocrri

c!

!rn.ure

r,rta

dnra

crofi

Ho*

Ea

brroB' ilopofi-

biig.di;;;;-r.ir.""*"".

tt

(s.s) .+w$+$-W-M,(e,,, n'(,-9), (8.4) ^,ro#+**lL:o,(x,,, tt;('-#)

s.

_ _-P naf-o6runr cnyqaf, f,Hrerpupanero na yp."aerrur (g.B) n (g.4) a toa.[parypn ncB6Sl(}xao; peure'nem e Ba3xox'o cauo n qactsg cJryqa[, Bf,Kon.or aof,lo ca c clelrrnTc (rsso,unte ce ornacxr sa penepna oc): ,

oc_oF'[l cDoTBeTHO.3a toqKoB Ar{F.aMHqeH

MOAeA.

t48

t4

f-oJ lfl - -", 9J,,,HTo -- -aEi'^:?1': i"oiilil;;e .id"I--'ii.Tl",: Eer cd |-o 6 se'L' v.*.'rve"r'v "^"X:11 A./"16. cr'-r'or n 11ft11: a!<r,6 LE<4 iro lAor l<arn, E Kof,To IAo' l<at.' 3araqn' Saraqr' [Parruqecxu peanu,a [partuqecxu pear[a ctiucc-rryalr csiucrirryair u,6Eq 3l ., "- 19----^ --^ -^-.e-,.^.*^nA, HaqlIH xa npu6arsrreneff ce n3lror3yBa sa Haunpaie

ff;

l.r.o

4;ii'
r.

(a,e),

ce ndnoxn

*
-

roo

* Ato (e! ra

j:*-1* j

o:-],
ilE (8.r3t

(-**r*-ft-)
dJ2 d,p-=-;F M3'
o:Q, t. e. Bpll oIIPGrent-

:aI::

Trsn

oc.o6enocr r.oxc

ffire4qn"

(e). Or (8'9)

aa

ct:!1

saBl{cT:crrr

.oiA'(,)-{m:il,T@Fff,'
a xotto e

^o

xuero ,M$ e peay[HpaHnflT MoMeHr crMp Ha HHepquonHHTe crlJrn npu .or:coflst. flo rosfi HIcHH e peuena saaaqa 8.15.
3aascrvoccra'(8.12) sua,rntenro ce onpocrqBa npn He na ycKoPeHrero Ha florerrtHe Ea alperara. Torasa
(8.14)

m
0

fipnon3yqano nirr'6rtrnr"nnoro peBe[crBo'(l1r;--16'1 ce'rleue upclsrtr n BroPo npn6laa*reauo paBeucrBo

Gi otrPe[Jtf,1 ee

- ' (|,' l< l)' Jfu' *(1*'r)T-a:l-l-Vr

r lcl),

$sfa,.Je):!2
Ho tril *"to to-{z

,1&10)i
cc onpcAcxt or
(E.11)

lt 'F ff'

t--E:l tlan A/\l r;'Lt+ z \E-'-i;)l'

BapHa[Htra He lrtoBara cKopocr ctetrBa

Mr 0---7- '
q HaMqpaEero Ha yCKOpC|{reTO lla noTertsne e CBaPSaBO C Onpe-

' a"(r *#-'

"^

$E-w^Jr'
onpeAentltc na

3ast{dtuocrta (g.l0)
[3Pa3a

i ylo6ar sa rpaQu,rno

Au{il. B aes o

J, u M, ga c'billoro ooJlo)fieHtle. 5. Ilpn Jr:Jr(rp) u Mr:M, (p, to)-rlfn (e)*rl- (r,r) yparHennf,ra aa IBHxenue a lnQepenurarsa Qopua (8.3) H B HnrerpaJtnr QopMa (8.5) a o6unr clyra* ce peuafirr c ustror3yBanero Ha .{HcreHL HJru apynu npn6aRsrrerrr raefoAn. sexenl Koraro ce Hfirerp&pa qflcneHo ypaan. (8.3), npo[3BolHara at
.qentnero na

l(OeTO O3flaqaBa,

r.r3pa3a

"u

-1
0rj+1 ce tlonyqasa

art't'l] * ;)" - :.. 'o- t[r,,',", (" .'2'in+z' (8'1-l) oqento"o--,| paeencreo npn6nrpu"iJrtloro t'rrr .. 'lnvnqr' ',q't,l"i"t^;llril B ypasn 'urrJ'd o-@'oin' i*to"to Koero Jr"" (8'10) npg "* cE n-ry"n llonoxe'Hgero' " na .f (9) H E(il sa '-tt'nl "
"iofi"oatgtu ce Eorara. W:EolJo.

'/ a, \ i.. *aq o' ) ^... _oi+l-oi l7."t--6, \ ar ,lr-1' Axo ce btserat og'a{eHsqra

Jr(qi't*Jt"

[-%ql:Ji,
Aco

sa rraontia

cKopocr

clrto

4.

Blrtrou3MeHtr! flpr ,/r:"/-s6151 u Mr+M.(Vl ypasneiua (8'3) s (8'4) ce

(8.15)

creaBa:

r #-Mtql,,(e):1,'r**

di)

, o

lr
npn M (q)
ce

'i+r-'i*l
oi

|M,(ei, ..il-J,-T .'?l

)-jr",

Lr
3a(hlrrsBa ce, qe KoFaro M(p)>0, ( * ) <d'i' iqr " :: aur .E \Y,r\w ' :-\Y1i:: "i

["^t*l''*.1''
;.'iiiiii,.
npirn'no

no $opuyaa (8.15) ce naqncrflBa? nocne: aosareaHo (t)1; rr)p. .. , on. Toqnocira'sasgcu or ua6paaala crtn*a Ag. 3asncr' iloctra.18.15) e:renpnaoxrlua npu norenltne Ha arperara (orq:Q), rlfi raro ce

flpu

oa,qa,(enn HarranHq.ycroBxt (qo, ,po)

iilT *li} i"t"lff;?

,teHrr

;ilfff

e(g)>crr.(,J_(?) pacre n o6parrto

aHvtl{pa 3gaMenarenfr ". Aro ce rd3xoxAa 8a Bllaa

qe IIPI| Xof Bl:; i !:'i:.tyi-tj::t .i";a il"T' Orryx caen'ea, Ea. KS*'Tili:i:

"I,<o;:./rotn-0,' ilnreipiuanara' $opva Ha ypaBfleHnerq sa .rrBgxense (8.5), Qyrxuunra Mr(q, ,) ce saueHs c Mr(9,-o):Mn(d*M"(or), a nrrerpaasr ao6r:.

T'li?iffixll,x1:,3io*i"ilr

to""rff"""Tffi""1'r'013r?"6xff

3a "'l?-311'4-1,-.Fi.l;^illf-Tl3:'i:'#l"Tf o[:oopirunri ycropenueio e sa Motrena Ho ;&;''il o",,f;fi""u1iJ."H;"t;;"J"$ -rorent,

r.

f JJJ qiqi'qi
gi-r
,no

i+t

M,@, ulde:

'i+t

ei+r

M,lp)dv+

M*@lde.

e.

(8.12)',

rtroto ip Mr, ff
Crofinecrta

dJ-

'+
""
.rt

(ni''-i *if,)';
orrosapqqs
"rce
Ha llaAesufl

urrrpiana or

flpaena ce, rre E rnrepBala or

gr r,o 9;a1 Synrnrrra Mn(g) e annefiuane grat Qynr\wra M* (o) ctruo e..nnHeftna, Torasa

KoSKPelHs ctonHocrn,

,i+

Ha npoir{3ao.rx

."n*] o6paraiuit'n"upot*tt"u' .^nt-":.t3:11"npf;"01"*X1;tl#"t: ;; .;.;" ."" ?".,0",i.,J;"1i.;;"il ;;'d;.._._-npne,re roctorH'a. ,il,encrenreano

^'^ ff.

dJ,

"t

onPerenc'

Mr^rpEA he HeroBaDflT

1TTl"-::. ":::"^T,-

f" J,' ei

*,@los*(Mn,*M,r*r)

[frn:#
150,
&

.-'q"ip.t"r'(8

12) ce rsMeflr B paBercrBoro

l5l

I
9i

et+l M. (uldpx(M.,

*r*

M,

il

-,

Ao

-(3 M. r-

"r_r) u

-t'

Ao

c cpe,qHaTa 8a (!) (?); D xoeQllgneHr rra HepaBgoxepnocri ormto.c? a6coittoTrflte exctptuyua'Ha Qynxunnm o(p); pr-11pgoAbr Hr gapaMerrpa CronlrQcTra sa A ce aBB)l{n B.nHrpBana 0SE'S2. B $ynxUuarr o(9).
r(a,(elo ocp
Dmar

'crofiFocr

a<t. riiaxrnrara '

Crer gaxectBane na ropnnre '(t)i+l ce floryqlBa

trbAro M, i+r-2Mrr- M.rrr.

3aBltctluocrir

4 (Jral-cotrst n Mr:/V119), ce noayuaaa or ypsBx.

ypaBu. (8.5)
peruanaxe (8.1E)

Ycaopreto 3a

c?auno-Ha?GH

pexHM tlpx ctyqan

(8.16)
Tasr.r

,,*r-rJ
e
y,uo6sa 3a arartr{S. H Ha nycxoBn pex(BMH

1)-*
npr
f,aqatnl

3(Jr:J,(9' n Mrnlll (9), 18.6), brrrairo

pecn-

+qT

M (g)dg:Q saa

?o:0 rt tos:0, ,M*r:M*r_r:M*(u:OL

ilopryaa

I
t
Ea ' ,qBrrarJrf,we
e.,

+eT
.Ma@lde:

.J

t,

clEr
Mck)dp,

pa6orara

H.a

8.3. PB}I{HMH HA ABHXEIiHE. MAXOBHK

Ha ABHxeHge Ra arpena"a cc pa3Aettt B Kaqeerleno ordolrleul{|. peJrcuil cl tpn BfiAa-nycKos, ^TaunoHapex n cunpaqeu. Ilpa rfl noctofana MrIl x pocTTa f,a arperara HapscTBa, npeg c

Blsrunlrrc clrnn 38 eaux nepnotrl-e paBna na syra ran pa6orata (MO\ e paBxa na p26oiara Ha ctnpornBlrreanrre cilrrn' Mc ax

e,un nepnoa. flpn

.Pexrunre

or-roqr<a 8.2

pnpa oroao nocronnra crolhocr, q-trpe3

cnupa4vufl-sa*annea. B cly'ran (Ir*J-const n Mrnlll-const) c{opocrra B crauBoilapHHs PexEM

nycKoaun ma4uotlapilufl e

t
. ^l,lamleyaaflsro 8. 8.
e Harf,ue cloTBet[o
(p. ls)

eT
MA@)

'
.

drZJ
I

9+er

Mckt 'dq
ycroBnfl e noKa3auo

nycKoB LrIu cnHpaqeH pex{gM. Ha nocoqennre 3aB[c?iMocru H

3atrasl

Brsex,qaxEro Ba raxoaur(.e arperar,r ce trpaBtr c qet aa ce rraMana HepdBHoMeptocr?a a HcnoBoro .uBlrxealie, T: e. Aa ce nocrrlltr_e_ npetrlacaxuarroe0auuexr f,a HcpaBxoMeprocr b. Koraro /r3./=const H Mr:M(p), Hgepquogngrr MoMeH? Ha xaloBgKa ce onpeaerq or 3aBHcuMocTTa

,.1

"*:-;q
r

J(max) -"(min) ^

_"r,

@nr. 8.3
nocTotHBa

Oun. 8.4
Tnaa

- ot-ioq(a 8.2 ("/r-"/:66nst u Mr:ll1l (or)) raet cxopocr crrlo e B cryran 2 ocr:Const. SHHa pexuM cC CTaUuoHapeH pexrlM 3a nocrHraHe nOCTHraHe Ha crauuoHapeH Ce H3ptStEa cac 3aBtclrMocr VCrOairer-O .Vcroaxer_o M(rot:Q. Or roga ypagsesue ce onpelens r,r"" (ea4ava 8.i4). flpn caylanre 3 n
(xoraro rpynxma na speneio nrs troJroxenrero (B qacrnn eryqar -nocronxna). FIa 8,0 e uoraaano npsBnilnBo no.qo6sQ nporHqaHe sa seMefleHHero Hr cKoPocrre. ogncauuero sa Kpuoara o (9) ce eisexaat fiapauerpnre
(8. I 7)

{r).-:const, vbloaxetaa

n3IIanHRBaHeTo Ba paBeEcTBoTo

xaqero A4fr?;J e pa6orara Ha Ba$unn?e cstu, peannr*tpaHa B rrrrepBara or noro. xeHHero' Koero offoBapa Ha MusfiMdnHa cKopocr g(min), noJtox(eHHero Ha MarcaxrJrHa cKopocT glmax). 8, (t)cp l| Jc, ca crornerro roesrqreFtaT rra uepaBHoflepf,ocT, cpeaHrTa arroBa cKopocT H IIocTofHHafa- qacT Ha npHBeaeEHq MacoB HHeptrHo-, r|eH MOMeH'r' Ha arperara. onpege,,rnuero xa J74c (8,19) e trocoqeHo A snraqa-g,2g. . 3asucsMocrra (8.19) e rienpuJroxgna, xoraro He ca n3gecrutr noroxenflrra Ht arperarar npl{ KoHTo rofi ltMa MuHI{MarHa rr Maxcgrnilrra trroBa cxopocr lorxacr ce ea cryvar../r:J(q) u Mt:A4(9)1. Toraaa e y4o6no ra ce r3non3y"a a""tpavga

ra
,

Mr:M (9)) rraoaara cropocr lrps BpeMero Ha cfl[ttogaPH$s pexnM He nocrosEBa, a BaPIrPa oKofft erHa cpeaHa crpfigocr, i flpea c'rauuonapnur pexuM H'a treuxesle ila anperara cropocrra e

Henaeecrgoro KooprnHarlro Haqaro o ce onpeaeafl Karo flpeceqna roqKa Ha .rtse TaHTeBTH l(blu KpltBara AE(A/), Kottro orroBapqr Ha cKcrpl.rHure. croilgocrH Ha 'brroBara cKopocr. TesH ranrenru ce Hanocqr upis tr.rure *r.* H g6gn, npecuTHATII CAOTBETHO
OT

Bnren6ayep_,.nocrpoinil g3t AE (q) u A./ (9) {Qff. 8.

l).

'seu:reectso ua.ra.lo;

no

Koop.(usarHure

tlpr.r crauuonapeH pexrrr.r

xpniara AE (A"r)

ocr c HaHA.
e saiaopena.

(8,20)

h,

,.p:+

1rr"r+ror1n),

o:*

(o,oo- oninil

rt4ero.t7 u k2 ca caoTBelHHTe uaua6gu Mo,Ilyrr4 _Ba .q,lrarpaMaTs. C naunpanero Ha Haqa,'roro O l.mep[nonnl{r.r uo}.regT Ha Mai(otsuka ce orqura c
r53

'rq^*:ti;,il(ln*)',,*0",

:"T

,3,(,- ; )',

r52

f
Orceq6tra "/r{ (qgr. 8.4).t ffOraro rasg orceqra ce HaMHDa H3BaH qeDr9lt(Hor6 !one'

l;;;;

;i ;;q;;';;opui

o'."u*" a6 c 4qpas4,',,
Jta: ; -- r" -Jq. o . toip

(8 2l)

ab ko

H3nbrHeHI{ 3a rorlfiara Ha npecxqane 4 Ha tiepeeencrBara (8.2i) x (8.26) noxaeeat' qe trorlol(ennero ^'-M*(urr.r;' 94rnin) orronafn-na Ba3xoAsul N,[oH aa ahaaMl{qttrrfl MoMeHT M, a notoxeHnero Ha rIIl3XOAflt{' '?

hIr(rpl
lmar)

Ha 6nr. 8.5 tesn vcnoBflf, ca

flocoqenhcr Meroa 3a'onpe.qersge 8.1. B sagaua 8.30 n 8.31 ca noKa3aHH oHl{Lt. Moil-edr Ha ilaxoBuKa.

aa J74 es3non3yBaH B peu6BtleroiHa 3a,[aqa n Apyrl{ cnyqau 3a npecuflrane Ha nneptlu'

8.4. MAXOBUK NPU KT,IHEMATI4I{HH H NOSHUHOHIIII CHJIH. MflCTO

HA MAXOBHKA

Koraro Jr:Jr(9) tt Mr:Mr(q,t):M" (p)+-I4n ir), * onpeAentne Ha I(oG.QnuteHra Ha nepaBHoMepHocr D HJth Ha Mac@nn ngepunoBen MoMeBT fia uaxoll{Kt J, e neo6xoanMo aa ce no3rtaar nonox(esntra Ha nJtaanftfl Fln g1min1 u glnar).

B ypaax. 18.3; nspastr

fiare
:.3auecrq ro:to"o*Ato

cr{nu lra nepilaHeHrf,olo aBsx(eHl-te (aBs)(eHHe 6es ycr<operng): A."9 S / Aro \r "e.O

MS:t- fi

,o"*ruBrflBa MoMeHrt,

"" "".qu;o;Ce

(g) r{ ce npene6peruar Bernqr{Hgre

Ao ;; n ( *, / , ce nory-

* ug *2dgi

!!z -

mgcv

1e1

: 14 tql.

<Dsr: 8 5

Torana ypaon. (8.3) ao6usa srrAa

(8.22',)

MK(<o)

' 'da * M, (q) : t, (qI, a,p '

M
@

np..111. Kp:raara M, ('p) B noaeqe. or e.(Ha floxsxora npaBara * M* (.*"*) -ycloairero (8.26) (Qur. 8.6). Toraaa peanHnrr Kope' ToqKa, a{l t(ogro e cnase"i M* ( tr"*) tt Mr (q) B HHrepBsaa MoMesrure pa6orara 4, aro rorrxa e B * r-r*, pa6ora e [otoxflrenga' Asag 4',.axo ralu B TorrKa na''.ii''e tro 4' e orpgqarengs,

oyHxuufl

du d9

flpu o:ro.rh :0. Torasa or (8.22)

ra M,

(91

(cl)

" fIaBHItft BaJt Hjtll o:omax

caeana

(d

ce Hapflqa iutauuqen'nlo'"eHm' EyIeBO yCKOpeHge, q' e,

:'

'IMa

M1

(8.23) (8.24)

floaoxcsuefp
MltEr'rxyM

M"(q)-- M* (r*in)' Mr(rpl:-M* (r,n"r). girninl ce onpeaent or (8'23) tt or ycno&rero

ss natnqne

tll

(a.lsy

i*{tLro
rato

Ha glrn: 8.5 peaarnnl ropeu g(min)

M"(gl'n -Mc.(r*in),rtft nnnra (8.23) n (9.2S).

na

de onPeaean,or roql(ara ua npecntleHe / 3a Ees ce--s3rltnnsBrr eaBoBpeMeEFo ycno'

I
<Dur' 8.6

AnLeoriqnd ce onpenean noJtoxeuneto p(max)'

$a nero ocebn

yParn. (8.24)

rpn6na aa ce cna3u u HepaBellcttoro

(8.26)

!4q@-a'j. dq.

.rorsqHo ce oflpeaent peanHtrEr Kopen 9(ninj' Konaro npaBara- M*(.l0D'']in),npecnqa B noBeqe or cttna roura rpuiara' M"- Axo pa6otare Ha IltoMeHTItri M" n #r ( 6rin) B HsrepBar1s or ,l Ao /' e otpnuateJrna' patxuflr Kopeu T(Atnl . " 'rouKa ,l', a xoralo usl pa6ota ehoaoxHreasa, rd'R e.r-ToqKa I (Sur' 8'6)' 155

154

Koc$Br*esmr Ea aepaBroxepnocr 6 ce onpeaear or

(8.27)

Macosrrt[gcpuuoser i{oMeur Ha MaroBrfta J,r,r, c xof,ro roe0gulesr rl Hepaaf,oxepnocr A, ce H3qrrcJrsBa or

'

':

[(^,e;ffit +1a{r'*,)"]:
ce pearngrpa 3!.[rAen,

CC BEKTOPHHTC YPABHCHHR HA CKOPOCTHTE H CC NOCTPOflBA NNAHGT

HA cropocrrre'c uaqa6enryglln^j"-_to1&,. [Ipnee;;;;;;.;oi o".pquonerr MoMeHr c.e onpeAeng or -sae''cri"ocr""-b:|"

r,7

*,*.r" (#)'*'. (f)'nr* (fr)'*

(8.28)

/":;h

[(rylni)'

*(e1,"""1-er"ror)

M,('"n])-rr.
c),

^offi'

MarrJuHg ca cBbpsasn crc ar6cx peayr. ctlagE ycroBlero sa er8otrocoqHo nperaBarG Hr eHePrufiHgs riloroK. Tosa ce ocauecrBrBa c lo.qxo,{iuto onpeaeneu no n MecronoJroxenllc MaxoBrrr. flpa Bcuqru arperar[ MaxoBrrKtr rpn6aa ,4a ce tnPr_KLItl -Mau[!a?a, KOCTO UMa BpOMeE HB trfigaMnqeB TOMeET Mr(d.

rop xru Myrtuurrarop,_rpa6sa ra cg

At<o

Korato rBurarrrr

x texroJtorxqgara

Mu:M*(a), M"-Mn(p), "/z-.onrt u Jr:Jr(v), r.raxdsiirr tA(Jtr'fl pa rlu rdlxoaornqxrra Marrlsnq a Jfi ce oIrpeaerr or
Jh>Jan-

ce uonrtr.

'1=o

(8.2e)

M-firx

(,,,;-J;'
onpqle"'rrHe

Kr-0,00in/o*

\=p

d+=d''

f,a'{eTo

./,

naCOnnrr UHepUr4OEeg MOMeRT ga pOTOpgTe Ha TeIHOJtOInqEA uAluUtllr axarowa npuae.ue&xte Macu sa aBr{rarerrs H peAaKrope (nan uyarnnalraropa)

.{4 e

o,t9qJQefinm ____._+J--.L__J
@nr, g.Z

Koraro

m tfi.ce
(8.30),,

rsnor3yBa

MA*M|@), lil c:M*(tt)), -/r:s6ns1 u JU-JL(*), sa ,ar"a"*oart. M.

, j#>l,z;rfl;;i-rf,

*.r.[ero
r

E e uacoeus, dxepunoxen

MoueHT Ha pqDoprlre xa

trpgBeleHnr lpsBerenr.lr Mactl Macll Ha Ha rexxoaoruqxara Maurssa n Maxosrxrbr ce MoETgpa KbM Bara xa ABmareJrt.

4nurareal. J, pe4ymopa (uau uylrnnauraropa).

Js,* Ja".

:0,0 I +0,04

ffi + mna!. r"1+ro ffi

nr.
o,oos,

7*t?

a^c?

*u.

h?.
.

pq:

qt,s,

+i,oz# *,

0.005e . 5 I s

:
ca

3AIAqH KbAl oc.MA rflABA

8. l. Aa'ce onpeAe/'rrrr npnneAeFrnre K'bM .ocra Ha roassoro / MacoB HHepIIHoHeH MoMeHT ./, t'l }tolteHTbr Ha BIHITIHI{Te cvln[ M

cboTBeTHUTe oTceqKH

flpuneAeszsr MoMenT Ha B'HrrHrrre cuan ce Hgq'c.rrflBa qpes gaollcHMocr (8.1), r. e.

x'rero d6s:46,s ,o1nlr"_.:l;:;::: - rz mm, pdu:s1 ^^ or niana na crop'ocrure.

Ha MexaHH3Ma Ha LuenrrurMauuHara (Sur. 9.7), aKo ?:4.S", loe: "'i" zoo..ry.'11,, :!o o i:',',;:]o rio ;,i1 J;r o ffi * : i0 d'# "i lig yg, /"n[c.t :U'o lcD' /cs.:0,3 lco, ./s,10,01 Jgr:U,UI iig " mr, m2, mz, ./a,:0,04 kg Jg,,:UrA4 k? m2, ffi':! tlLl:) ftg, nq kg I'a m', a 1-L ir ^^^ Nrm, Fr: fOoo N. r\iacaralia ffis:3 kg, zl,f ^^ -2 -n -0O2 2 ro Aa ce npene6penre. ^:390 Peruenue. fiocrpoana c rrr-raH.br HA NOJ.IO}KCHHETO HA ME Ha gseuoro ,/ ce ga,tasa npor.r3Bonua br,:roB_a cKOpocT (i)r.

;:

r56

-soo- 1000. 0,00b. 5l :4S N.m. ce onpeAenffr {a npHBeAeHHre KbM ocra Ha xo,renoro -*_!:2. gHepIrHoHeH MoMeHT ./' ^f u naouenrbr Ha cHJrHTe racoB M,uanJrar{erftnlr'peayrrop (@nr. 8.8), axo oc""u ."0*inritnoJrera ca qenrpanHH nHepquoHHH "r'ocn,""p".nu ", a MacoBHre r.rM HHeprlHL.:_9-{11""o ouurr MoMeHrH cnoqMo teea oca ca 4=0,001'trSm;;j;;::fi"OObtd1ar, kg m2; nacara Ha caleJrurHu" 6no* . mz_,2,:0,45 lfl:9,918 kg, ruoaya llil gt6Hnre KoJreJra mm; Opori Ha st6lrre Ha KoneJrarr *zy:zr'e)0, z2-2r:+0. -fn:10 grpitl";;;;; / e npnaoxen MoueHrbr

'M,:

Mt

;-1", f

t5'l

Aa ce g^npe' I{11:10 N.m, a Bbpxy boArrloro H-Mn:50 N'f'axo B uoucHTa g irocorara' B KoflTo ure ce 3aBbprn{xoneroro d' xaHuSMbT e B IIoKo]t.
Pewenuo. I4gq[cnssat cer[peAaBareJlHnre ornourenns ropa:

\p:'l-tfl-l'-+'* 21
e)l
.

: 4ffi. I l,rs, 1QQ l,ra..,- /s, _a0-,p0 I kg_m2, lz = ! 15 kg, -/q - 9,96 kgm 'frt=4 P*, kg, .Fr-5gg N, M2-$Q N. m, Fr- 1000 N. 8.5. 3a noKagaHoro uoJroxeHue Ha rrrapxnpnxs qeruppaBerrcH MexaunsaM (sneddra I u 2. flexar Ha eAHa itpaira-Our.'giiti- Aa ce

22'

40 40 o or-oH- ! : l-#'#:-3:fr; a:-i

?s,
(t)l
"

.o'(_a*rr)

:_+. +

et
sr:0

*zz): f

ooos (20+40)=r

Our.

8.8

: -0rl m; ag l+-t t-;; ,)r.roJr .p :;; r;-eZ** tli:-,z-.H oDl'J "t-tt

tDn.

8.9

:-+:-#:-2; fr--t'
Ctc
saBucxMocrra (8.2)
ce

i'ppecvnra npHBeAeHlIflT MacoB

lutoHeH MoMeHT

.$=o
Qur. 8.10'

r,:
:

rt* rn-,

(*l

*r,-, (fi)
I
2

*r;(dl({f :
o,o r 25 kg

o00 I +0,45

. 0, 12 +

0,005 .

0,01 8

m"

a c (8.1)-npnne4eHnsr

MoMeHr Ha cI'tJIItre

M,=

M'r#-rr'ff:

ro-so

+:

OrpuqarerHusr -ue roBata flocoxa e o6parua Ha'lla6paHara nocoxa Ha o1 (npneMaMet TasH. nocoxa ctnnaAa'c nocoKara ua M1); CaeAosareaHo ule ce 3aB6prI'I B nqcora, o6parna ua My 8.3. 3a orHycuua MexaHu3bM ($m. 8.9) 'aa ce onpeAetsr BeAeHnre K'bM ocra O Ha rolsltoto / uacos HHepquoneH MoMeHT MoMenrbr Ha csJlsre M, nts.syHruun ol'rrbi[. .l: a-ro Jo1:100

BHaK Ha npnBeAeHnr MoMeHT

-6,66N'rr' &f, noxaSBa'

'

fls:lkg,

noro 2 Aa ce ilpeue6perne.

J",:0,01 kgm', Mr:-3N.m

r'r

Fs:50N; Macara l}n:100

Ha

O Ba aeeHoto /
158

[,i.tu-..;;;;;";;

npilBexAaHe Ha Macme r! c,nure P:; na *onqtto'"otoBtt;lKoBufl MexanuStlil (rpnr' 8'l

ABe HeroBH noJloxeHlrfl

rIpH

9:0 n 9:900,

aKo

mm'

<Dnr.

8.ll
r59

:6,5
onpe,u,enqr npgBe4eHnre KtM seir uouent ,r- u *aorrnent"t

kg.mz,

ocra o HA XoJlelloro /

;lg*t';ff 7,':fi t"il::;l91ofil*+l"it';i,":'ffil#: /s,-0,1 kgmt, -/5,:0.04kgm2, Mr:10 N.m, Ma:50 N'm'

"i

cgrsre M,,

aKo

lon:200 ltrm,.lla-

rtrac-oe

nncpqlro'

lr:6

kg.mt

ycKopeHrrero, c Koero ule 3a[oqHe niua".u"a"o Ha roBapa aKo ABr.rrarenqr HMa nycKoB MoMeHr

_{$"Hfu?}: *r

--\_{u:9 kg m2.EMacaralua
M":AOO

nnosAaraHrrs

ro-

"?"ma.".;:trmr X: J dt^ "Ti:^ or norofi,

N;.-"-t- "'

i{i !

4sr.
<Dnr.8'12

8.13

Qnr.

8.14

KbM ocra onDeAeJrsr rrpHBeAeEr{re 'i,

S.6.3anoKasaHoTononoxeHHeHaMexaHlI3Ma(Qry.8.12)Aace o Ha KoJtflHoTo / trlacon !uepcr{Jlnre M,' a*o g:!20"' lsnn Ha MoMeHrbr n ;;;;;;il;i

KaM OCra Ha xoae.noro / ua' ,npHBeAeHllre Ha CIlJlHTe /VIrUa SJIaHeTHI'IR MOMeHTIT Jr-n *onte"t .coB RHeDILHO"en ;;;;;;fi-id;.8.13), arb sr6Hnre Korera c t{q4v'r- ju:10mm il;;;;;;"ii"o cpon 3r6w zr:21, zr:42' za:105' Mexaunsmrt npuTexaBaABacaTcnl.|Ta'BceKIIoTKoHToHMallacamz:|lkg.Ma. 0,5 kg'm1 /z: 1 kg'm2' ccBure HHeprrH{'HHH Mol\{eHrH Ha 3BeHara ca 4 B pagnl4qHa no' flp,rtox{eHn H Co I w 1-_:,>U" -rirr_ BrpxV 3BeHara ce onpeAenx n N m' Mn:100 u m Aa N. ' .8*ur,a-o-".nture Mi:100 B MoMeHTa Me' '."o**u, B KoflTo rqe ce SaBbpTH KOJISIIOTO I' arco xaELI3MbT e e noxofi.

"r*'Jo,o??g#, :1000 -t.2. N. ga ce onpe,rrpJrsr

:1+r,"'$:y":'sr;i19,*H;Ja',;:#:{;,i,4a3,.i3[f gloa flt:2 kE, ffr :50

7"

kgrn5,

n4:

],i5:ft; N'm , F5:

0sr.

8.15

S.S.BItoKa3aHHgnoAeMeH.IllexaI.IH3bM(sur.8.la)AaceonpeAe. MacoB nHepruloHen n"r-np""a.u.eHl{Te KbM F,aia Ha eneKTpoABHrareJlfl 6ponr Ha 31aKo M, cnr.'r ;;;;;t -/, n uoueHlbr Ha BbnluHllre Ma' H 2z:60' e 21:)Q, Korena ,zzl-17 z3*$$' 316. ;;;;;;t lt6sure Ha, eneK?poAaltratenfl, Ha.poTopa Mo['eHTH lIHepIlHoHHI{ coBHTe caz Ju-2,5 u*'t" /r :1'? kg"m2' Jz-z'=

;;;;';"*;;i-,6apa6aua
r60

8.9. ;f,a ce onpeAenrr npr4BeAeHHTe KbM ocra Ha eJreKrpoABrrra* TCN' MACOB HHCP'\IIOHCH MOMEHT A MOMCHT HA CHJIHTC, A tAr<A CU4O e [pr.rBeAeHHre r(.b,M r. ,/4 iuaca v c*Jra Ha noKaSaHHfl TIOAeMeH MeXa(@ar. 8.15), aro A,rraMer.bpbr na aapi6;;;-';-n_ioonr*, Ils'bu par,rryc,re Ha Ha.ra,r'Hre oKplqHocr' Ha gr6HHre *onanl" ca rrJ
1l P-81 3a r{ypjoB3
trpoexrrupaHe

161

mm, ra:440 mnn. Macara Ha eAI'lH careJII{TeH^ fi,%f m2-2,:15 kg, a MacoBHgr My HHepultoHeH Iuol\IeHT E J2-y:v't ^g'ru

:f2':120

'MacosHreI4HepqIIoHHHMOMeHTHH,aocTaHanuTeSBe}IaHaMexaHI,I3Ma 0,8 kg'mt' Macara HZr IIoBAITT= kg.m2, /t

ii.-ilr:oiz-6;';

-0,05

/":

or:l'0;i;. n-::0_"^ Ha _cKopocr Jvtacara BaroHeTKaTa, SaeAHO C Ko.[enaTa e mr:200 kg. Macoeusr
uHepqvoHeH MOMeHT
.ir,e.rro^

Mt:O,gN. m, Fr: lS N u trt, HaKroHa Ha 40nr'rpareJr'ara i-t xrnnpoonaa E Tor{Kara He AonHpaHeTo MV c ocTpHero e a:30o. 8.t2, B nonaeura ia,saAeficruy"u". Ha- cnnparrKrr" i,, ..., tn::ffi BaroHer*ara ce i0".. '*BHx' 6ee npnna'r3Ba'e """- no pencoB ,br c HaKJIO! c-:^c
J'br Ha

Ha nn'bgraqa e m2:0,5,kg, 104:0,06 m"

,.iff

Ha

Ue

I e1na ceKyHAa cr,re.q ,a i"e"oro ea cbxroro BPeMe, aKo npunoxenuTe MoMeHTH M, u Mo au noaro"""r. Peweuue.
!.^"^P__Y IIOTeTIffHeTO
@ur. B.16

Ha Kar.(Bo paScToflHr4e BaroHeTKaTa cnp-e ABHlKeHHero cI.I. 8. 13. 3a uexaHHgnaa or 3aAa,ra "^ orpelensr cKopocrra

cHJrnTe, a TaKa carldo H npr.rBeAe_ HI{Te KbM TSJIOTO Ua BaroHerrara Maca u cura. 3a KaKBo BpeMe u

gfl.pflMo rleHTpaflHaTa My /t:_9'l kg.n1', a paAnycrr uy e OC e :150 mm. CnupavHuar MoMern BbDxy Bcrro Ko.,re,'ro e Mn:\e N. m. lia ce onpeAe,tflT npnBeIeHr4Te K.bM eA}IA OT OCIITE HA BATOHCTXATA MACOB trHepqfioHeH MOMeHT It MOMeHT Ha

BCflKO KO_

er:

\fi

\.4i\ Xl / 'r.10

orzr. g.l7

My, KaKro

a brbr.br

Ha BBeHoro

Ha 3aBrbpraHero

Karo ce

r.rMa npeABuA

ycnoBlrero Ha 3aAasara, ARHa-

fn6-20 Ha 3bl{erq raHHn roBap I fft4:400 kg, Macara I{Ma JIBa Peayrrop'br N'm' e Mu:gg enexrpoAsnrar:erg Ha Meur"br
I.r3AI{la' careJIIaTHH 6lorca. Toeaplr mL ce

kg', a' uo-

'

ocra Ha KoJIeJIo I va8.10. Aa ce onpeAeJln npnneaeruqr KIM coBHHepIlHoHeHMoMeHTHaSBeHaiaHaMeXaHI-I3MaHacKpenepHaneIn 6pnue /rhnr. 8.16) 3a cneAHl{re cayuan: a) BKrrcqena cnuparlKa **ntueiua cnt'tpuqxa II H 3acronopeH 6a' n II iano-epeilreHHo' 'Il'aAesrr ca: pa6au I n a) qInlou.nlt ;;p;;gj zz':27' ze:24 v-24:69-c k:3,75trttl, Lv u z^:69 , *'oivi Pl',-19 c.rrroay.n m':5-mm' Ma' zr:72 26:2^7^Y ,r"-:"ta, Mo.rr,vJr n -b mm' kg' MacoBure ma=4 i 6 ca m,:2'8kg' ii#'"" ""."iia'i 3BeIIara -u'epqu/-s'ca: crlpflMo oHHrit MoMeHrn Ha ^qenrfla;ruutE "I^^oi.H :p,Q0B k^g'm2''/5 Js, : g'mz, t 0,004 : k;.rz-]"' 0 /", :6,b J : 9,60 1 9 kg"m'' /s. : 0'0 1 3 kg'mzo : k;.*'; i";L /", :'1",45 #'fr

HSffi;';;;e;ri,-ol

i'i;;t,-

0:68

','/",'

Gar. g.lg
ilr4qHHglt MoAeJr Ha^MexanusMa (eee.Horo

'/'s:0'B-kg'm2' ' 8. ll. Aa ce oflpeAenrr npLBeAeHI{re K'bM ocra o Ha rtp6t \ara l'torueur Ha BrbHIrIHI4Te cltt u M, sa .l Macos nxpqnoHeH MoMeHT /' u B'17)' aKo MacoBl4flr Hnepufio(Qur' rrp6nunua MexaHH3bM c ocrplr6 o e /o':0,001 kg'm"'Macara oc anp"*o *p6ruuru HeH MoMeHr
"u
162

eCoflSt u M,:

/) u{,e nvl -/-:Q,Ql25 kg.mr: N.m:const. Toraea (c,rryuair' I tir roqxa g.2) -6,66
tVI

':

- -6 66 :-532'8 t, = -o,.fr;

tati,s:'
t63

rl

r
q:+ .t2 :
3a eAI'Ia ceKyHAa cneA norer' e -266,4 / ue HapacHe ot 0 Ha JIfiHeTO Ha MexaHIr3Ma cKopocrTa Ha seeHoro Ha -266,4 rad: SaBbprI'I ce IIIg 532,8 rad/s' Karo c'buroro sBego
tz. Creroeare,rHo

Trft

r<aro MexaHH3M'br nofer;tR,

lo:90:o0:0

n o:e

't:-532'8t;
M,= Mu

ff

Gi

:2000-

10

o1*500

. 9,8

0,0125

940-

I 0 o1,

lloayueHnre crofisocrr sa J, u 'M, ce saMecrBar B H3pasa (g.3) x ce rioayuana 4r.lfrepeuqr{aJrHoro r }paBHeHHe 8a ABU)I(eHUeTO Ha rror BAnrareJIHHF MexaHfl3brrl (cayvafi 2 or rouxa 8.2):

r 1940-

l0ur:0384ff.

Toaa andepeHquaJrHo ypaBHeHHe ce

drY
o=191

IrHTerpupa qpe3 orAenfHe Ha rrpoMeHJrHBilre B reKyrqn rpannqn (or 0 or 0 4o ol1),, c Koero ce As t u nonyqaBa

,ry'

t;(t,)

@rr.

8.19

at:g.zg+
0,384

o6parua o6opora' llocorata Ha cKopocrra (u saelpraHero) e 8'6' or Qrar. Ha nocoKara HO to1 ,,\ 8.1{. Aa ce onpe4enn 3aKoH'Lr Ha Aniaxeunero 9(l) n orxolt i*opo."ra to (l)'Ha Baila Ha erIeKrpoABI'I:T:ii"::^"::i":i::1: "u **u""tt* 14rur. 8.1S1' KaKro I{ npoAbJl)Kl'IreJlHocrra Ha nycKol

/tn
Onr. 8.20

;*42,4

t_ ,CaeA

l0

1940- l0or1 ,_ rrr ---lT?0-- .

pelr(HM (npn rouHoc, .u c*op.ot-r-5tltl u*3.it;30:, ":":22:,3''i HHep' \u:lO;,qr"".t"p"r na 6api6aaa e D6:350 mm H MacoBllre o:1 gnpn-Mo esenaia uHoHHIr MoMeHrIl Hu SglrpanHnT: 1" -t:--{:: tr-o.A rc rr;'. Jr'r':0,03 kg'm2 n Jt:0,4 kg'-'' Macara Ha noBAlitl nplreYa ce n""'"ofrup e nr:500kg' Brxeto ii---i:l1t:.T3: xa npene6pexnitra.llaca. Eaexrpo4eIaraTeJIflT HMa MexaHIrqHa

auru.tt oraplrrMyBaHe

**ru,t

r-#

(1g40-

10 r,r1)

pucrrKa,orpeAeneHacypa"u-e""-t':..-I::-^?.2.9;1"9.3)#',"-^, KoJIer'Io
llptlaeaetr*nr MacoB I'{HepqItoHeH MoMeHr K'M .1 ce onpe4efln or I'I3Pa3a

ce nonyqaBa 3aKoHbT Ha CKopOCrra orr:194 (1-e-ro'ti;. Cae4 oqe eAHo r.rnTerpupaHe 3a 3aKoHa Ha Asnxefine Ha geeHoto .f
cJI

e,rlBa easnchil,roctra

itrlrrui.

l,:l,rl2_'' (#l*r'(fr)' **^(T) :

(*)'
*o'n

e:rc41 (t_.e-.z6,tt)dt
0

:0,3+0,03
l(6AeTo

(*)'
-:

*too'

0'01252

:0'331 ks'm"
7t A

UJILI
cp

l94t-74,3

e-zoJr1.

-:-J:--

{oo to1

I to3 zn" 'ZO 1 zt -ZO ' 70 14 ' -T ', u1- /zze, -60 "z: _62 .Do _ 0,135 -0.0125 m
-:

'

o1 -:

tor 2

u(t) il q(t) ca HaqepraHn npuHrllrnuo (6es naaula6) ua @nr. 8.20. Kpxazre ca excnosesrn. Ha @zrypara ca HaHecegu H acnMnroruTe HM [o:194, g:1941+const]. crr.uacgo rrgJrolreHoro n- r. 8.3 'brJroBara cKopocr B cTarluoHapHrrfr 99THM _e-e [oJryqaBa Ka.ro xopeu Ha vpaBHeHnero Mr:],/l (r):0 u,rn
flonyuerurre_BaBr.rcnMocry

14"2

ca npeAaBaTeJ\'lHre orHoureHl'Is sa es6snx MexaHH3bM'

onpe4e.trn HpITBeAeHI'Iqr MoMeHT Ha CHJIUTe'
164

r'

or

(8'1)

e'

I
t
&

1940-10to1-Qr or: 194 rad/s. Ctulara croftHocr ce rioay'laia, aKo BbE QyHxrlnsra rrl(l) ce rrodrro)Kn t*cxt. Cxopocrra o.r:194 rad/s e acur\'{nrora ua rpanara o (l). Koraro pagJrr,rKaTa (om-rD(l) e no-lraaxa c 5o/e oT o)cr, ce npHeMa, IIe e HacrbtrhJt crar{HoHapeu pexnM. Torana BpeMerpaeHero Ha rryc_ KOBr{fl pe}KHM IrIe Ce onpeAenfi oT ycnoBheTo
165

tl

ocr-o) (l):0,05,o.' uau

orKb,q,ero

194

(l -e-zoJt1:0,95.
ln 20-0,115 s.

194,

3eeHoro

Haronapeno

@s: fti.sas,: msViatk,:0,6

HHeprIHoHHara cnaa @, c toJreMEHa . 18 . 602.0,002 - 77,7 N.

e-26,1/:0,05,

,,:#

Orceqxnre qs, ca nBMepeHH or nJraHa Ha ycKopeHr.urra. flo uero1a "Vb ua XyrcoecKr{ ce onpeAenfl npr{Be/IeHara KbM T. d

x{HeprluoHrra cn.ra. 3a ued'rra nonyqeHuTe r{HeprltronHr.t cad'rH ce npuna-

rar B ctorBerHnTe
'eJa

roqKq Ha rrJraHa Ha cKopocrure.

'fl'a HeI,IsBeCTHaTa rrpr.rBeAeHa r.rHepqnonHa cnr,a

nprlr'io}KeHnB roqKrrre AuB (r.e.e roqKnre aub) nepneH4ury.d'rflptro Ha AB. IlonenrlrHata Ha, re3rl crnrr{ ce HaMr{pa orr{ourenuero
f, u: -- 6'35 N. -M*, t#=, Ot :21,2 Or paBeHcrBoro Ha cyMara Ha MoMeHTHTe Ha

pa" MomeHrtr

Mr, ce npeAcraBfl c

or

B r. a ce fipananep[enAnKynfpHo
yr

ABoHrIara

cutu F^

F1y,

kg"|PAZ

n[ffin

BcHqKH cr{nr{ B ,,Jrocra na )Kyxoncrnu cnpR.uo Haqaroro p Ha nilaua Ha cKopocTlrre ,(rrft xaro B [JraHa a-b, rsorfi1ara Fiw,_ F/w He cbgAam MoMHTr K0ero cneABa H oT o2:0) ce floflyqaBa roJreMHHara Ha [pr,rBeAeHaTa
.I{HeprIHOHHa CHna

@,:
MEXAHHSMA

::

(a rpb + o rn)

:+

(7

7,7 . so

66,7 . 12)

- 93,7 N.
Ha

C.ne4 onpe4eJrrHero Ha npr{BeAeHt4ff MacoB r.rHepuuoHeH MoMeHT Qrlr.

8.21

J,: Jo,*.,

CaorserHo r,r'bJlbr Ha 3aB6praHe Ha gBeHoro. 1 rrpe3 [ycKoBHn ne' pr.roA u{e 6r4e g: 194t-7 4,3 (1-0,05) : 15,3 rad. 8. 15. Kltlr KoJIflHoro Ha KorrHo-MoroBH,'IKoBI,rn MexaHll3lrra (Qnr. 8.21) e nprrJlo)I(en cbnporHBLIre,'IHLIrr MoMeHr ffr-100 N.m, a rrlt n,rrbSraqa 3 Aet{rareJlHara cnna Fr:990 ItJ. 3a ?r:90o 'br.rloBara cKopocr Ha Ko.irrrHoro e (ol:60 radis. Pasuepr{re Ha sBeHara ca loa: :100 mm, laa:300 ItrIIll /45,:120 mm, a MacoBVTe I{M BeJII'I.IHHE' KaKTo c,re4eil /or-0,003 kg.m2, ffiz:0,3 kg,./5,:0,005 kg. m2, m*:O,6 kg.'.[,a ce onpeAeJrlt bn'IoBoro ycKopeHlre e1 H& Ko.IIgHoro 3a Peueuue. flocrpoxsa ce nilaHbr Ha noJloxeHllero Ha MexaHHSMa il{ gaB'bpreuuflr Ha 90o nnas Ha cKopocrllTe c Mat{a6eH uory.u frr".
Ha -wlk1 (tlrr:const, er:0). tr4aqncnssar ce HHepIIHoHHI,ITe AI'IHaMH BBeHara 2 s 3. I4nepuuonnara AI'lHaMa Ha sseuo 2 ce cr,crol'I ol

(+)'

+ J r"(#J'

*
m

^,(?)',
rhip bS:

Jo,

+ n2kz,pSl +

4" H,

:
'fi

0,03

+0,3. 0,0022502+0,005

#+0,6

. 0,0022 .

50r:0,012 kg. mt

Ha npHBeAeHHg MOMeHT Ha

CHJrr4Te

AaAeHOTO [OJrOXeHIZe.

.cBC SaBr.rcHrrroCr (8.13)

:4L: M,: -Mt* & t

,rr1

100+900. 0,002.50:

10

N. m

ce
o

HaMnpa [poH3BoAHaTa

dJrKGAero

:lot. kr flrasrr

Ha ycKopeuunra

ce rocrpofiBa c uauta6en voayn ko:

Mor: @,.loA-93,7 .0,1:9,37 N.m. 3a rcpceHoro

ce
flonyrraEa

6 : -#

(-9,37):0,0052i kg. m',

GnroBo

YCKOpeHI,Ie

flHgptILIOHHa Ci{JIa C

TOJIeMI'IHa

r l-- ,? u,: +LM,-;

J-0'0008 kg.m,

dr,f -tn-#'o'oo52r ;fl:-__mo__:

_1614 rad1s'.

@2:frtsCt5,:mzqsza?kt:0,3 ' 31 ' 602 ' 0'02 :66,7 N S MOMeHTbT Ha I'IHepIIUOHHLITe CITJII{ C lO.IIeMI4Ha

Mq,:J5,e2:0,005 'u!:^:'o' :0,005 +*91-6,35 N. ABkt

m.

8.tr6. MaxoBHK c Mac.a rn:0,3 kg u lracoa r.rHepquoHeH MoMeHT 3aloirBa Aa cfiapa nor Aeficrsnerb sa cHJrHre H,a "TpLreHe npH 'btnoBa cKopocr o:25 rad/s, raro BpeMeTo 3a cnfipaHe e 2 min. n,a ce onpeAeJrrr roe0rEquenrbr Ha rpzene B ,ratepr{re Ha
t67

rl

r66

uthflv e$d- l0lrntrlo. a brnoBara cKopocr Ha Maxo3r.rKa HaMaJrsBa no JruHeeH saxoH ($ur. 8.22)" 8.t7. Krrrl g66Hure KoJIena I u 3 Ha peAyKropa ca npnno)xeHl{ MoMeIIrIire Mt:18 N. m n Ms:25 N. m (Qur. 8.23). Macornre**tuep';
BaJra Ha MaxoBI{Ka, aKo AHaMe?6p'br Ha JIarepHHTe

HHepI{I{OHeH MOMeHT Ha arperaTa e noCTOsHeH

fia ce o[peAeJlflr
nycKoBu'r nepuoA

saBl{clrMocrra

to:rrt(l) no

I'I paaeH H& Jr:$ kg.m" BpeMe Ha nycKoBHF pe*

lXIirM' alJIOBaTa CK0pOCT. Ha - yCTaHOBeHOTO ABLIXeHI'Ie

Ii

BpeMeTO Ha:

c roqHocr sa cKopocrra

l0/0.

<Dsr. 8.26

@ur.8.27

Qw.8.22

<Dur. 8.23

8.20. Cunste I{ MacHTe Ha MarrrrrHen arperar ca npI{BeAeHH xbu oc. flpr4BeAeHlrflT MoMeHr na AerilareJrHHTe cI{JrL ce uBMeHF no saBncuMocrra Mo:2gg-3 o N. m, a npHBeAeHHf,? MoMeI{r Ha, clnporLIBHTexHr.ITe cn,rH e nocrogHeH Lr paBeH HA Ms:100N.m. ($nr.18.26). llprneAeuurrd.MacoB anepuHoneu MoMeHr na arperaraPe
penePHaTa

@ar. 8.24 qr.toHHH MoMeHTI.I

@ur. 8.25

lra KOJIeJIaTa CnpflMO UeHTpaJIHI{Te HM OCI{ CO -[: kg.mt, /s:0,08 kg.m2, a 6po.ar ua e'b6Hre kg.m', 4-0,04 -0,02 Ha KoJrenara e 4:20, zz:20 14 4:60. Aa ce orpeAensr lbr'Jlotsoro, ycxopeHue Ha KoJreJloro 1 s Haqanoro Ha IIycKoBIrfi IIepHoA H 'btJIoBaTa cKopocr r.r 3aB'bpTaHe Ha c]'irloro 0,4 s cJIeA, norel!'IflIlero. 8.18. Aa ce orpeAeJll,r brJloBara cKopocr Ha ycraHoBeHoro ABHx(eHne Ha Maur{HeH arperar (@rlr. 8.24), ct'croflIr{ ce or ABIIraren c MexaHr{qHa xapaKrepr.rcrurca Mo:100-to N.m s pa6orna MaIrrHHa c. nprrBeAeH K'bM BaJra Ha ABllrarenfl cbnpornBl{reaen Mo}\{eHT Mc-0,0001 o2 N.m, aKo npLrBe,II,eHHRT r'iacoB Irgepq?toHen MoMeHT Ha
afperaTa e nocrofHeH. 8.19. flpuaeAeHnre KbM perrepHara oc Ha MarIIjHeIr afperar r,BI.lIaTJIHH 11 C"bnpOTIlBHTerrI[IIrI CUJII'I I,IMaT CJIeLHHTe XapaKTepi{CTr4Kl4".
,l

Qan. 8.28

U,:*YN.
168

m ir Mc:Q,|or N. ru (Qnr. S.25). IlpuneAeuanr

h4acon

t
o1'

,i ii f,

nOClrsHeH H paBell lll Jr:1 kg.m2. Aa Ce OnpeAensT 3aBI{CHMOCTTA ro:co(l), 'brJroBara cKopocr Fra ycraHotseHoro ABHx{eHne oc' H tspeMe* ro ln, Heo6xoAHMo Ba AocTI.IraHe Ha arJ'ioBara cKopocr to:0,95 or.". 8.?1. Ueurpo6exua noMna, Korrro r.il,,ra MexaHuqHa xapar{repncrnKA M":5,)+0,0004 ro2 N.m ce gaABI4x{Ba or ABXrare,r c MexaHr4rigal xapaKrepucrwxa Mo:)4,2-0,2 ro N.m (Sur. 8.27), KrAero to e br*
r AO,

JIOBATA CKOPOCT HA TBbPAO CTeAHHeHHTe BaJIoBe Ha ABHIaTeJIg fi noM. uara. rlpnneAeHr{flT yacqB [rHeprIHOHeH MOMeHT Ha arperara e nocrofl. fieH H paBeH na J r-0r2 kg . mr. !.a ce onpereJrffr gaBncnMocrra o:,o (l),

:18 kg. m2. B Haqa.rroro Ha pa6orgl'Iff xor, ornc{:2O rad/s. [a ce onpeAeJlnr truroBaTa cKopocT B Kpafl Ha pa6oTnlis xoA H rlpoAbJI)I(H'' ?eJIHocrTa Ha npa3Hr.rf, xo.q TaKa, qe arperarbr Aa I.IMa yc?aHoBeHo
ABHX{eHrre.

'"bHIOBara cKopocr Ha ycTaHOBeHOTO ABnxeHfie ocr, BpeMeTo 3a [oQ.

41

:30

&25. MexaHuqHara xapaKrepncrltKa Ha ABnrarenfl e MA:3044o2

,4Br4ta?e.rlfl MoMeHT Ha .c1[poTr.rBlrTeJrHtlTe CHJILI Ce r43Me-

Ba.[a

Ha

N. m. flpuneAeHnrrr

K'bM

Ha ycraHoBeHoTO ABIl)KeHr.re. Ce /I,enn Ha ABe qacrl,l: pp:fr V9o: 11 m (9n pa6orea XoA, go [pa3eH -xoA).
8.30. flepuoAbr

HrI cnopeA AnatpaMara

or $ur.

Our. 8.29

@ur. 8.30

e nocToflHeH I{ paBeH Ha "/r-30 kg.mt. [a ce orlpeAenffT crofiHocrrrre Ha'brJroaaTa cKopocT B HaqaJIoTo n Kpaf
MoMeHT Ha arperaTa
Ha

IIpnreAeHunT MacoB

PrHeprlnoHeH

o:0,95 o.,. 8.22. MaruuHnnflr arperar (Sur. B.2B) ce cbcron or eneKrpo,(Br{: rareJl c MexaHHqHa xapaKTepncrwxa Mo:140-or1 N.m, nnaHereH gb1 ,6eu pe4yr<top r.r pa6orua MauuHa c MexaHnqHa xapaKtrepncrvro. Mr-: :40 *4 oaN.m. PaAaycure Ha HaqaJrHHTe orp'bxHocru Ha sb6Hnre KoJIeJIa ca ,t:50 fifin, f2:150 mm w fs:300 mm. Macosnre HHeptlH. '0HHI'I M0l,{eHr[ Ha 3BeHaTa Ha pe.qyKTopa cflpflMo rIeHTpanHr{Te HM ocH ca -/' :0,1 kg . .', Jz-z':0,02 kg . m' u JH:0,2 kg . m', a Macara Ha caTerHrHHg 6.nox e ffLzz.:l kg. ll.rrauerHr.rrrr peAyKrop rrMa ,u,Ba careJrvrHkr 6,ror<a. !a ce otrpe,ry.enrrr gaBnclrMocrra ro1 *1r;r(t) v'br,'roBaTa CKOpOCT (ocr npl. yCTaI-IOBeHOTO .4,8I{}I(eHLIe. ' 8"23. Aa ce orpeAeJlrrr 3aBucrzMocrra or:eo(i) H BpeMero, neo6. XOAIIMO 3a pa3BbpTaHe Ha Bar'la Ha eneKTpOABHlaTeJItJ Ot r,r:0 AO , g:-0,9 ocr IIpH noBAHraHe Ha roBapa 3a rroAeMHHfl MexaHualrr,r (Qnr. 8.15) c AnaMerbp ua 6apa6aua D6:500 mm. Pa3Meprrre Ha st6Hr.ne KoJIe"ra C& 4:120 mm, rz:200 mm, rr:180 mm H rs:500 mm. MacoBIITe r4HeprIr.roHHH MOMeHTn cnpqMo rleHrpaJrHr.rTe oclr Ha 3BeHaTa Hl MexaHHBMa ca Jr:2 kg. mt, Jzz' :0,I kg .m, ri JH:0,5 kg . m', a Macara Ha careJrrzrHnn 6norc p tfl.zz:10 kg. Pe4yr<roprr r.rMa ABa careJruTr.rrr 6nora. Macara ,Ha noBArrraHxrr roBap e mL:400 kg. MexaHraqHara xapaKrepl-rcrilKa Ha eneKrpoABr.rrareJrs e Mn:150-o N.m. Btxero 5 Aa ce npneMe Hepa3rerilwao H Macara My Aa ce npeHe6perue. 8.24. flpaeeAeunsr MoMeHr Ha c'brrporr4Br{TeJrHr{Te cnrrn Ha MaIIH:HeH arperar ce HsMeHfl crropeA AriarpaMara or Qur. 8.29. flpoara. ' )Kr{TenHocrra na paSorHar{ xoA e lp:0,1 s. flpuee4eHnnr ABr{rare. -JreH MoMeHr e, Syuxrinfl Ha o:Mu:gggg-395 to N.m. IIpaeeAeHHsr MacoB r{HepquoHeH [,roMeHT Ha atpelaTa e [ocTogHeH n paBeH ua Jn< ;
brJIoEa CKOpOCT
.

TltraHe sa 'br.rroBa cKopocr to:0,5

o",

H BpeMero ga Aocrl{taHe

na pa6ornufi xo4. E 26. flpnneAennrr MoMeHr HA ,EBI,IIATCJIHHTC CI{JILI HA MA.

mHHeH arperaT ce r43MeHrr cnopeA

Qnr.

8.31

AI{arpaMara or Qnr. 8.31, a ilpIrBeAeHLIffr MotlleHr Ha cbnporrrBa'TeJIHgre cr,r!'rr.I e [ocroflHeH: Mc:40 N. m. flpune4eHHnr Macbe nHepIIHoHeH MoMeHT Ha arperara e rlocroflHeH Ir paBeH Ha ./r:9,6

cl,IHycHrrfl MexaH?r3'bM (Sur.

l

kg.m'. [a ce onpeAeJrr,r 'brJrotsara cKopocr Ha ycrauoBenoro ABHXeHHe &)cr, aKO npII g:0 rr.Ilosara cKopocr Ha penepHara oc e (t): -0. Aa ce HaMepr BaBlrcr.rMocrra ro:to(?) npes nycroBnff nepr{oA. 8.27. Aa ce orpeAe,'rz brr{oBoro ycKopeulze e1 Hfl Ko,rflHoro I sa 8.9), aKo cp:45o, loa:700 mm, "/t: :60 N. m, F :300 N sa to1 -:Q, 3r co1: :20 rad/s H sa ol:40 rad/s. Macara Ha 3BeHo 2 Aa ce npeue6perue" 8.28. flpes rycKoBafl rreplroA npr.rBeAeI{Hnr MoMeHr Ha ABr{rareJI:0,003 kg.m', ffig:0,6 kg,
/41

ce H3MeHff cnope4 AnarpaMara or Qur. 8.32. flpuae4eHrzrr MacoB r{HepunoHeH MoMeHT Ha arperara e nocroflHeH H paBer{ ua J: B kg . m2. !,a ce o[peAeJrn roe$zqueulr]r rra HepaBHoMepHocr D 3a ycraHoBeHoro ABr{x(eHHe h Aa ce nocrpoflr AuarpaMrrre na e(g) lr rrr(g) sa npexolHur H (nprlHqunuo) sa ycraHoBeHr{q pexuM.

I{HTe CI4JILI Ce n3MeHfl IIO JIuHeeH 3aKOH, a 3a yCTaItOBeHOTO ABH)KeHHe e rrocTorHeH. llpuaeAeunrr MoMeHT Ha cuporilnured'IHnTe cHJIH

V,

onpeAenfl

Peuteuue. HeirssecrHrzsr MaKcHManeH cr,nporraBuTeJreH MoMeHr ce or ycnoBr{ero (8.18) Ba craunonapeu per{ur,r, r. e.

o"o ''" I na;r".:so x. *. Crruacuo roqra 8.3, c.rryuafr 3 u.rosara cKopocr ule HMa eKcrpeMHa .croiluocr raM, K'b,rr,ero c'e npecnqar ,rr.rrarpaMure Ma il Mc, T. e. Kb,gero Mr(q):0. Teau togKn ca o3Har{eHi{ rocneAoBareJlHo Ha Qury-

M2.2n*ME*

(++

+j!);

{70
T

t7l
i il

.cJIeA Koero 3a Qcp

H'6

c.rreAea

.para c 0,

2 u 3. Cropocrra ilqe r.rMa MHHr,rMyMn B roqKl{ I u78 [erfi xaro Ao csorBerHnfl eKcrpeMyM rs e rraManflBaila- M,(q110, a cneA Hero garroqBa'Aa pacre-z?1,(q))01, a uaxcuruyM-B rotrKII: 0 u 2. 3a la ce onpeAe,'rflr noJlo)KeHunra Ha a6corrcruus M?KCHMIM'
NA ,1 'c

l,

(1,1max-@mrn) :0,029. *ro.in): 13,8 rad/s, a : -l-ap Oyrrrqanra e-e(g) ce onpeAenn or ypaBueHlrero Ha .IlarPaux

ul"o:

(roo,u*

I
i
I

-el
->t

al Crl
\-.

I I

Qur. 8.33

t $:d,t1q1,
0TK'bAeTO

@sr. 8.32 r{ uHHHMyM ce cpaBHsBa o6ulara pa6ora MexAy HaMepeHHTe nonox(-nran (rour<n) c eKcrpeMHa croftnocr. Or paSorara

.HaMHpaHe Ha oaBHcnMocrra o

r. e. e (p)

ce pa3nl'IqaBa

^@), caivro c uaqa6en xoeSuqueur' or M(9) 'npee(g)

e(v)

:*
3a nepHoA naft-uanpe4'

Aro,: r5l-+ * cJreABa, 9e oo)r02, t. e.

no.TroxeHHe

#+T:d

+ +] : -f- .r 1,3 -,3;<o

,

-nycKoBlln ce orpeAeJls aHaJII{rI{rIHo QyHrqranra Ma(g), r. e'

0-roo:to.r".

a6co.ltlorHnflT MaI(cHMyM Ha cKopocrrare B AHaaoruqHo or pa6otar a

Mn(d:roo-+
14

[o<e<4n]'

rlpe3 eHeprnfinara

SaBI4cIzMocr

AA,":25[r:- + + CJIe,q,Ba,

;kl :+ / (.,3-

o?)

>o
,ce lloryqaB
a

cKopocr B Haqa/roro Ha rIHKbJra Ha ycraHoBeHoro ABLiMoxe Aa ce onpeAeJrr.r or eHepruimara SaBr.rcIrMocT 3a nycKo-BIIS [epHOA, T.
)Keur{e
Gin

{0 l0g)O1, T. e. o1:tomin. -br.roeara

+/'(q)' : irrrron

t:3-

,orr, ae: !!!N-

4n,

,(-):[+i (roo-f -)"] ':lrur-#r'Y

neplroA H Ha t'l (9) ea ycra' Ha HoBeHoro ,u,BIIN<eHIze ca nocoqeHil Sur. 8.33. 9.29. flpneeAeHrzflr MoMeHT Ha cbnporr.rBlrTenHr{Te- cfi/IH Ha MaLIIIfHeH arperar ce rrrsMeHs cflopeA AuarpaMara or $ar. 8.34, a npLBeAe'

Karo nHTerpanrr e ilBqrlcr'reH qpe3 nnoura Ha rpaneq a. 3a trnovara. Cropoct ce noJlyliaBa olo:14 rad/s. Muuurrranuata ritJloBa csopocr'" {01n1a C npecMsTa OT ypaBHeHI4eTo

fpaQnxnre ua e(9)

o(p) 3a nycKoBnn

AAi':j't 1r'r-rii), ,of :tofi+ 3

vltvt

nO,,

rII{gT .t(,b'M CbUIaTa penepHa'oc MoMeHT Ha ABI4rarenHHTe cHrH e nocToflHeH. Ilpune4euunT MacOB IrHepqIloHeH MoMeHT Ha arperara e flOCTOffHeH u npene6pexlilMo ManbK. Aa Ce onpeAeJlll I'IHepUI,IOHIIHfiT,

125 or:1142*
172

+ \-.; --.-)l

lnr.tlL

- :13,6 radis,

t73

MOUeHT Ha MaXoBr{K, paBHOMepHOCT

E:

nplr KofiTo rqe ce nocrr{rHe KoesurIHeHT Hil Hr 3K0 MZKCHMaJTHaTa CKopoCT e to.u*:25 rad/S. 62
I

H *.,
ili 'q
$
:

u)max:o)cp(t**)i
flIIJ4

ro"p

-24,8

rad/s

A'anoruqHo Ha npeA'uHara gaAaqa or ycJroBHero B& crarlHoHapeH pe)r{HM ee onpe,u,eJrt Ma, T. e.

Peweruue-

tl
I I,l
lr
I

. 55n.62 J^:#;i:r,-:5,8

kg.m'.

{
L\=
,ri

\
F

(.

nlz

n/2

n/z

t'/2

I
tDur" 8.34

i
$

@Hr. 8.35

Qqr.

8.36

f
r.rMa

r\ o.'l n ' ?!+;)iMz:4oN.m. M2'2n :duli+ 6

roqKlire Ha npecr.ruaHe Ha M.q(il r 1Wc(v)-roqKr.rre 0, I, i,5,4 u d. Muunr*ryil;;-'.uB no_ .[ox(eHaflra 1,3 u S, a marccuMyMure _B 0,2 u 4. "3u onp.a.n"". HA TOIIKATA HA A6COTIOTNNN UI'THT,TUYM, C'bOTBETHO MAKCHMYM, CC HAMHpa ggaKbr ua pa6orara Ha cilJtlrre Mex(Ay cborBerHuTe rroJlox<enus,,
KaKTO CneABa:

''pH eKcrpeMHH CtoliHocrras u-re orroBapffJ Ha

flo.roNeHHsra Ha arperara,

KoHTo .brJloBara cKopocr ure

8.30. MexaHl4qHara xapaKrepl{crnKa Ha ABlirarenff Ha MauIHHeHi ypu""entueio Mo:2000- 18'6 ro N'm' Ilpunearperar orroBapff cI{JlIt "u AeHngr K,bM Bana Ha AeurareJlg MoMeHT Ha ccnpoTl'IBItTeJIHI{Te Ha cTaqHoIII'IKbI EauH 8.35' or Qur. ce r{3MeHr cnopeA AHarpaMara HapHHs pexrrrn Ha arpeiara ce AenH Ha pa6oren xoA ,C flpoA.rJlx(n' lp:0,1 s n npaeeu xoA c llpoA%n]Kl'Ire"lHocr ln' llo BpeMe "ennoat pa6otH'ss xo4 cbnpornBnTerHulr MoMeHT eMr:259 N'm' a no' Ha Mn- 15 N. m. Aa ce onpeAenffr: MscoBlafr HHep: BpeMe Ha ttpagHllff

qHoHeHMoMeHTHaMaxoBI,IKa,MoHT[paHBT,pxyBaJIaHaABIjraTeJIg,''

LAor- 0, c,[eroearlrHo roo:rori

LArn: 49 (-

g.ln a6conrcTHr.rfr MaKcr.rMyM Ha (,) orroBapfl Ha noJro)r(eHHe 4. AnaJlorfiqHo ce nocrbflBa 3a HaM[paHe Ha noJlox(eHHero, orroBapquro Ha
a6colroruus MrrHr{MyM Ha (,), T. e.

nr1. #)>0,

.r.aoBare.IlHo rD4)o2,

Ha trnoBara cKopocr lto BpeMe Ha xoilro ule ocnrypu "or HaManflBaHe on:105 rad/p ao o*:102 1t9/tl ui-:^o:yrleHara' pa6orHnr xoA irofinocr Ha uHepUnoHHlltg MoMeHT Ha .MaxoBI4I{a .u,a ce onpeAean BpecTauI'IoHapeH." MeTO Ha npaSHlrfl xoA, npn KoeTo pell(HM'bT Ur,e 6.bAe

na ce npu-ertle, qe MacoBI'IflT I{HepqHoHeH MoMeHT Ha arperara e npeMaJI6K. He6pexnuo 'Peuunue. flo epeiue Ha pa6otttllfl xoA 4u$epeHquanHoro ypaB* HeHr{e 3a ABITXeHHeTO Ha afperara ee onl{cBa c H3pa3a
r

Arlls>0,
4,461

cneAoBarenuo orr(rrrs;
cJreAoBaTedrrHo
rD6 (r01

,d.

> 0,

tt1t :
or't

2000

18,6

to

250'

t0 ortoBapfl Ha rroJroxeHne ,1. I4Hep* unoHHurrr MoMeHr Ha MaxoBHKa ce onpeAeJrfl c ypaBH. (8.19):
Mr{Hr{MyM Ha

xna a6co,rrcTHfigr

oTK6AeTo

JorK.bAero

. r(max) ol.'\tn\ orip

,

,:0 Tsft xato C:0,1

Bar{e 3a

f tagv : I *"' dt. lTSo-:-s'or- J , -H

t74

^/lilHl-a.4

u=40(+-* +zir+*):rj

",

J*

s,

0):0)5r cneA I'rHTerpupaHe

il3BecrHo nPePa6or-

cne[rta

t75

0,1 . 18,6 , /':-;@:5,786

ks.m'.
105

1750-

18,6

,3a npaenun xoA e B

cnJra 3ABHCHMOCTTA

r^# :2000-18,6 o*15,

,OTK'bACTO

e Fr.)cT.rcp6u n^,,^, r{Hep Lr,HoH e H Mo M e'r Ha a r pe ra r, " Jr-2,5 kg mr. MnHrua.nHara tr,roea cKopocr Ha peuepHara oc e lornin:20 rad/s. pexnMtr Ha ABr.r)r{eHHe e cTarlnouapeu. !a ce ottperyac
o-B

'BeAeHI'Iqr MoMeHT Ha ABamrenHHTe cE,'rH

"tx?#T;,I,lXt*rT:

>l "i

f J,ydu f ,, lgso:iB,6o,:Jut' J o0
H

HMa ycraHoBeHo ABnxeHNe, rpR6sa B Kpafl Ha npa3Hns xoA ,cKopocTTa La vMa cTofiHocT (,)H' T, e. paBHa Ha Crofiuocrra B Har{a-/ ^JroTo Ha pa6oTHHfi XOA, OTKabAeTO 3a npOAbn)r(HTeJIHOCTTa Ha npa3HHfl xoA cneABa

3a aa

r.:

-ff*t"

@ur. 8.37

i#F#*#:0,314

s.

@nr. 8.38
HepaBHOMepHOCT D

8.31. Karo ce rnon3yBa ycJroBneroHa sa1arta 8.14, xa ce onpe"AeJH MacoBnflT HHepIIHoHeH MoMeHT Ha MaxoBnra, xoilro tps6sa Aa 'ce MoHTL.Ipa Ha BaJIa Ha ABntaTeJrfl, 3a Aa ce yBenHqK fiycr(oBrrffT My :nepHoA sa I s.

'.*enx roes'rlr'{eHTbr Ha

?a e:e (g).

n ce fiocrpo,

SaBHCHMOCT-

ff
c

Perueaue. ,[usepeurrr4aJrnoro ypaBHeHrre Ha ABHxeHHe ce

paBeHcTBOTO

BarrprcBa

:(0,38 4+ J lu, r\+, at oT Koero cr,leA flHTetpupaHe ce onpeAeJrrr BpeMeTo

1940-

10011

8.34. IIPAAC4CUNRT MOMCHT M" UA C'IIPOTHBHTE.'IHHTC CHd'II.I HA arperar ce _HBMeHs cnolea ,{Harpalrara or 8.38, a $i.rr. npHBeAeHHqT MOr\leHT Mp Ha .4Br{rareJrHHTe cfiJrH e nocrosHen. flpra'tseAeHnqr MacoB aHepunoHeH MOMeHT Ha arperara e [ocrofiHeH H patseH Ha /r:0,8 kg mr. [a ce orpeAenn *oi$rq".n"rr Mep'ocr E, axo B HaqaJtoro Ha qHKbJra "u'n.pu"n* Ha ycraHo'lJloBara-cKopogr EeHoro (l)o:20
ft{aurfir{eH
ABH)r(eHHe e rad/s. 8'35' flpneeAefrr.rre K,'M penep'ara roqKa A rsurarenH' THBNTEJIHH
CHTILI .

Trft

xaro npu f _

,cJIeABa

t:1

/: -

(0,3841-/r) tn . 1e1o-:10', ,lu

s, o,:Q;ps, trr.,:Q,g5. 194:184,3 rad/s, ea J^ l0.l

:rg

HA-\{AUIilHCH AIPCTAT CC HSMCHfiT Mr.rre or @nr. 8.39. E4au rlartJr Ha ycraHoBeuoro CI]OPEA AflAIPA. ABr.rxeHHe cbortsercrByBa Ha ABe gaBBpraHr{ff ua xonssoro OA c Zor: :159 rnm. flpnee4enara xr"v roqra4 lre

cbnpo-

:2'95 kg' m'' " u: - J94o-10 lB43 -0'384 lnr94o

Manuara re"IHrrre

i. ;;F;;i;; .rAHara cKopocr

i"n*"nu

8"32. flpueeAeHnflr MoMeHr M" ua c.bnporaB?rreJrHnre cr{d'rH Ha MarxaueH arperar ce r.r3MeHrr cnopeA 4narpavrara or enr. 8.36, a upuEeAeHxffT Mo&{eHT Ha AButareJrHr,rre ca,'r[ e fiocrorrHeH. flpnneAeuanr MacoB ur{eprinoHeH MoMeHT Ha atpetaTa e nocToflHeIr H paBeH na Jr:3 kg" m2. NlarcuuaJrHara trJroBa $cxopocr Ha penepHara oc trpu ycTaHoBeHoro ABaxeHfi e to.u*:25 radls. [a Ce onpeAed'Il Noe@u.

r{{enrbr Ha
MaIITHHeH

HepaBHoMepHocr D

Ba eAHr{ nepnoA Ha crar{aoHapHnq pe)r{HM.

u ce nocrpor{ BaBncaMocrra :(g)

8.33. flpaeeAeHnrrr MoMeHr Ms Ha cbnpoTr,rBr.rTeJlnr{Te cHJrH Ha arperar ce rr3Mens, clopeA AuarpaMara or Qr.r. 8.37, a npn-

ce H3MeHfl CrIOpeA AnatpaMaTa, a npnBeAeHnsr rture cH./rH e nocTofiHeH. IIpueeAelIHffT Macog_ uonreur nu au".rranalJepqlroneH *o*ap, nu arperara e nocroflFen rr paBeu ua Jr:3,14 kg m'2. X;-;; ;;il;;;; roeoaquesrbr Ha Hepaanouepsocr D'3a ycraHoBeHoro ABH)KeH,e. 8.37. IIo BpeMe ua craquolraprrnr pexil,, Ha Ma[rr.rHeg arperar npaIreAeHHflT MoMeHT Mg Ha AB'rare,rrHnre cr{nu e nocrorHen, a npnrse/(eHHffT MoMeHT Mc la--c'bllporltBnTe.rrrrlre cunlt ce HgMeHs cnope4 AuarpaMara or {nr. 8.41. llo BpeMe Ha crrnpasHr{r pe)r(HM Mr.:0,
a
[? P-ao ea kypcoBo
npoeKrBpaHe

UAOHAPHHfi PC,*HM -NPI,IBCAEHHflT

8.36. flpes nycKoBns rrepvoA, rrpHBeAeHHer MoMeHr Ma wa ABHrac'r'r' ce H3MeHfi.no JrHHeeH saxoH (@r.rr. g.40),-a^nprlr"4an*flT MoMeHT Ms ua crnpoil.rsure.rrHure cnnn e paBeH
ITONACTTT

fi cropocr e ?nrax: 15^ m/s. ", o.?;',?"lioiiffi,'rf;J

;:*if:

"i "yni. CH./IH HA C."TIPOTHB''TC./IHUTC

3a cra-

il76

17V

c usrrHn,r$HcfiHo' npeT-eT.l"t, Y:of *Tyoqff i"*:ff:; lkl6 $p ,rre kgrn2. Aa Ce arferara e $ocrorueH [I p21:1^:1 {':^ 612 r,^i6,r^EAqnrn l'"l,ifi ol."'';;-;-;;i'"'o"upnn':,D-':-.I':":1.'.1"TT3;,AB$xeHIie? r'l (g) e cnnparmnfl pex(tNM'

r{fl

fl h1:Q,$

uayta6Hure Monyas
kgmzimm. penepHara
14A

,tr,rarpaMara Ha BHreu6ayep ca

kp:)g

Nm/mm

rpu*i"t" 3a cnupaHe n aarousr

6

8.40. flpnee,[,eH]rsr MoMeHr Ms aa cupornirrreJrnnre cunil K6M oc Ha MarlHHeH arperar ce HsMeHff Cnope.4 ,[Hal.paMara
I"T^

t';

'-*--A--

"-:--*-:--'*

I
I

i\
\
4z 7z

I I I

Mc

4,

n/z

Y tf.^=6n

V= 2n
@sr. 8'39
v <Dur. 8.41

Mt

flA

s
q

: s
nlz
Uz

J
FJ

Ut

ry2

Qnr. 8.{2

@ur. 8.{3

."'"4

Yn'8n

*=2n
@ur. 8.40

$drrrl'[Ht" ?ll:tu: ycfiopeArla Ha oc vcilopeAHa e orceqratu yn,:?}-y ' xm: Ha BHreu6ay'ep yt mm u i00 luu ru'r 'K6opaanarnTe i^: fit, ca o /o\ I/^^ntrilsArrrre Ha Ha roqKa TorlKa m ' J/,' ?O"". g.+Zl. HepaBHoMepHoct HepaLHoMePH Ha .^A ** 11 a'ao roedullueutbT Koe$uql{eHrbr " :iii0-t#. Aa ie onpeArllr ^r..n*.nr Ha BureHSayep ca ,^---;a"',aa ."^nirnr,r o nuarbauara Ha B MoAi{ntuuruo"""e ,*o.Al{arpaMara kgmzlm* r- h1:0,2 '-J u r\rra/E'r u arper'a'T ro" yuril'uowvru 3a YcraHoBeHoainxeH'e IIa MailI'tHeH 3.39. ra 6.rU. on .-a (6nr. g. min /,h. ,:20 #;;;';-;riC paA c orpukHocf *u"i "u Bllreu6ayep epvs t"11 v :l no r{!r1' o'nil"pt' 6 oopAunarur.'u loopAuHarnls K D, :".:: T ,aapue"oMepHoct : ::;.:i H , onpeAeflh Koe$ttqneHrbl "u -g6'r"m. ,[,a ce

g.3g. 3a ycraHoBefloro

ABIax(eHI4g H4

ljs'liillro-

j:::.

ffi

or $nn 8.44, a npnBeAerfi{flr MoMeHT fua* Arnrarennure crtn*t--nocrosuen. flpuse4enunr MacoB r{HepquoHeu MoI\{eHT rra arperara e?noc. rotnelt H paBeH Ha "t:05 kg m'. Cpe4nara antoBa cxopoctlnp r ycraHoBeHoro ABHx(eHLre e ocp:25 rad/S. ,4a Ce O[peAenI{ MacOBr,rRi HHepquorreH M.oMeHr Ha MaxoBr4K, MoHTnpaH BSpxy penepHaTa oc, aK) arperartr rpr6aa Aa HMa xoeQurr,nenr Ha HepaBHoMepHocT D-Q06. 8.4t. IlpuneAennnT MoMeHr Mc ta cGnporr.tBnTenrll,Ire cr{nu KbM penepHara oc Ha MarIIHHeH arperaT ce lr3Merifi cnopel ArratpaMar I or $ur. 8.45, a np[rBeAeHHflr MoMeHT Mg Ha ABr4rarenHHre curu r] nocToflHeH. flpuae4eHanr MacoB r-rHeprlrroHeH MoMeHT Ha arperara e nocroflHeH Ir pageH q& J,:0,08 kg m2. Cpe4Hara 'brJIoBa cKopocrnl p,enpl{ara oc e ,paL"*a Ha ocp:50 radiS. Aa ce oilpeAeJli{ Macara I{.r MAXOBI'rKa ffi*, tttOrrnpa,H Bbpxy penepHaTa oc, ar{o llce(rt:qrreuttT Ht
t7g

T7B

HepaBHoMepHocr np' ycraHoBeHoro ABHx{eHHe e D:0.U2, a AHaMer6- !t pr,r Ha cpeAHaTa oKpbiKHocr Ha BeHeqa Ha MaxoBr.rKl e D--i000 mm, 1 8.42. flpnneAeHnrrr K'br\4 penepHa oc MoMeHr M" na c'brrporr.tBi{- lf {ICJIHI,ITC CijJil'T, HA MAIII4HCH arperar ce r.r3MeHfl cnopeA AHarpaMaTa or Snn. 8.46, npuee/I,eHl,tflr MoMeHT Mg ua .rlButarer'rHrlre cH,'Iu e nocToffHeH. flpneeAeHwxr MacoB IIHepqHOHeH MOMeHT Ha arperaTa e He3-

I
'

4\

T
I
I

Ha cpeAuara oKptxHocr Ha BeHeqa Ha Maxo_ e D:0,6 m. 8.44. flo BpeMe Ha cnnpaqHnq pexnM Moueurbr Ms na c6rpo" TI{BHTe,'IHlrre cI4nI{ ce ri3MeHr cnopeA AHarpaMara or $lrr. g.48, a rrao. MeHTbr lra .{Bnrared'ruuTe ca.{u Ml,:0. Cnnpauero sanoqea cgopocr to:80 rad/s. f,a ce onpeAeall Macogr{sr rzHeprluoHeH or MoMen?
BHKa

D:0,04,? AgaMertpr,r

--l
@ar. 8.44

r.*

IY
Osr.
8"45

t: .\

Our.

8.47

Ha
t
rrl

MaxoBrT

t
@ur. 8.46

Moxe Aa ce npeHe,6perHe. MaKcnMar'IHaTa 'blnoBa cKd pocr Ha penepHare oc e o)s31:50 rad/s. [a ce onpeAenu Macara Ha maxonrlrca, MoHTI{paH Bbpxy'penepHaTa oC' aKo KoeOuqHeHTbT IIa He' p""n"*-pitocr e'D:0,04, i Aqaorertp'br Ha cpeAHara oKp'b*(Hocr Hai gerleqa Ha It{axosflKa e D:0,5 m. g.43. flpuae4euuaT MoMer.rT Mo Wa CbnpoTHBHTeIHuTe CI,IJILI KbM penepHaTa oc Ha Ma[IHHeH alpelaT ce I{3MeHfl cnopeA AHalpaMara oT A,Br.rlaTeJIHLITe CLIIH e ilocToq$nr. 8.47, a npnBeAeHnrrT MOMeHT Ha MOMeHT Ha arperara e floCroff' ITHepIIIIoHeH flen. fIpnaeAeIII{rT MaCOB HeH H panen Ha ,I':0,015 kg ro2. MI{HHMaJIIIara trJIoBa cKopocr Ha penepHaTaoC0)6ip:20radis.AaceoilpeAefi}rMacoBlI'ITl,IHepqno. HeHMoMeHTI,MacaTaHaMaXoBIaKa'MoHTI4paHBbpxype[epHaTaoc'
ftIarlHTed'IeH ?t

raTa e 'He3HaqrrTe.rleH n Moxe Aa ce npeue6perue. [a ce onpeAenqr: a) MacoBtrfiT HHepquoHeH MOMeHT Ha

MacoB HHeprdnoHeH MOMeHT Ha arpe_

(E) s cnr{parrHflq pexrrM. 8.45. MexaHr.rqnara xapaKTepxcrHKa HA ABHIATEJI'I HA arperar e 3aAaAeHac ypaBHeflr4ero Mt. :101- 15 o N. m, a rpHBeAeHHST K'bM OCTa Ha ABHraTeJlfl MOMeHT Ha C'b[pOTI4BHTeJIHHTe CIZrJrrl Mg- 1 +5 t'r N. m. llpnneAeHrarr

HeH. MOMeHT

Ka' aKo Ce npeHe6perHe MacoBrarr (npnne4euuar) HHepTIHOHa arperaTa. Aa ce onpeAer,rr4 H 3aKOHbT Ha cKopocTTa
MAIUHHCIT

MaxoBHKa, MOHTUpaH KbM BaJIa Ha ABHraTe.[g, 3a Aa Mo)tre loc.rleAHprflI La npwlo6we 'br.rroBa cKopocr (l)-

:0,95

BpeMeTO, seo6xoAanaO

o., 3a BpeMe tn:4,2 s; 6)

ga

Qrar. 8.48

aro
180

r<oeQr,r4ttegTbT Ha HepaBHOMePHocT 3a yCTaHOBeHoro ABH)I(eHI'IS e

8.46. 3a Mexagr.rsNra er 3aAaria 5.24 na ce ofipeAefir{ HHeprIHoHHr{flT }soMeHT Ha [laXOBflKa, xoriro ocurypgBa crarlizoHapeH pex]INf npu tn:to.
t
i

trJroBa cKopocr ro:0,95 c0cr

aKo I.IHepI{fioHHI{flT MoMellr Ha MaxoBIrKa wWa roJreMreHaTa, I]pec]\.{erHATA B r. A; N) MACOB'IflT'HHCPqHOHCH MOMCHT HA MAXOBUKA, T4OHTHpaH Ha Bad'Ia Ha ABHtaTe./irr, Ba Aa Moxe iloc.rIeAHHfT npuAodne
3r Bper4e

AOCTHTaHe Ha .bt,,roBa CKopoCT

to:0,9

co"1o

ln:0,5

Aa

s.

,l t

r8t

tl
t;

JIEBETA TJIABA
YPABTTOBECqBAHE

aapuawn ($nr. 9"1 6).*aaere ,(onbtHHrnHH MacH mt H 2,,, c nocrrHsr I *t 3, Maeara nz. ce ctcpeAoroqaBa (xonuenrpNpa) ?'ycaonnero ra CraTHqes xBHBaneBr I ?oqKHTe A a F, xaAeTO 6e pasnpeAJinl- eior6_e,rno maenre

Btpxy 3nenara
(e.2)

HA MEXAHI'T3MI{TE

*ro-*,-tf:;

Brpxy^npoalnx{enaflTa Ha sBer{ara.l
'Bapflr Ha ycnoBl4sra

rene O s C ce nocraBgr aolrbjrHnrenHure q.1. yp \3.{ }5,: tfl

3

, mzr,--mz +:; u J ua pascroruan ptw

Macr4

m, u mrrr,'xouio rp*dna aa orro.

?tr

or Dcure Ha a.6p-

\H

i]

PAB

ti'l {ltil

"il

}c f oBll illEKAtl !l3M

ld

(e.3)

c paBUaHa tt'l &BfiNCeHHe ilrnlloro.vpaBlroB?ctl83!re Ha paBglrf,,cil vett3H143hM octtilecrBilBa IlpH lt3n,l'flHtlBaHs Ea ycoopeAHa Ha KOOp.IHHaluitu pa""'"t xo!, ce *-r:iT_J;ifu#ru."r*u ce roA6epe raKa, qe r{acoBtffrr ueRrbp s sa uexaunsAa flocroflHgll 6r,[e HelIoaBItxHa roqKa' r" e' Heroefire KoopAllHarll Aa 6:btrar

m1 Pt*mJ65rimyt164, my1 fu: mzl gs* 'l' m2sy l, u,

Fagcroqsuqra pt u ?z ce us6llpar u c (9.0)

o6parno). flpouroelennrra m1 pt
f,oqKHre

a u c,cborBerHo

ce npecMflrar

Nlacfl?e rr?r A mm (unt/t

MoMeHx.r, 3a

milt p3 npercraBrfrBar crarrcq[fiTe

na [a y.:c()llsl; t-:const, Jd

AO neftnrrs

Ha ,uonrrHHreJrilu?e MacH. Macara /zl I4 pa3cToflHnero p1, MacoB ueHrlbp (raxa crulo mn H pel ca cBbpsanl.t rIOMelr(Ay efi qpe

i(oncrpyKrgBHara Qopua Ha nporuBore)Kecrra. Macougsr ueHTbp Ha MacHTe frt , !?tr H rn24 cE BaMqpa B TOqXa (), a rosn Ha mtu,, mtu mzB-B roqxa c. o6rqnnr MacoB ueflTbp s Ua yexaunsMa ,e)r(H Blpxy rrpaBara OC na pascrorHue (s.4)
x
9q .:O S : -:Ss mo+mc-.

m^.1^-

: {-r)

nst,

A TTl
51

I
f

K6IeTO

i
a
<hrar.

f f
t

rt

o: mrol Ittt I m; m mru-l- mst m rrr, "* lI eapuanm ($nr, 9.1 a) laere Aorraluxren!{H M ca mu a tnt ee nocransr arpxy MoroBunuara 2 H KoJrsuoro 1. Macara /rte c cxrcpBAoroqaru.t G yc.rroBr.tr{T& 3a crarnqer! eKBr4BaJreHT B TorrKI{Te B u C, t. e.
(e.5)
m

(e.6)
I

9.1

mtB-ns mil
TAKa,

-r;,

/a",

mrc-*ry,r'

J.rsr

ne'

j.

J*, u Jyt or Bcl{qKE noABI4ff {l 6t uenroo6exHnre MacoBr,t }iHepuHorrHI{ MoMeHTl4 Jlz:const' - ^ rr riLttl-o""oioui no.to"nnr'r, r' e' Jxz:const' HrepquoHna cwna @' [Irpsoro ycrloBue BoAH Ao aT y"l"pirre Ha pe3inraurHara Mr' flt.nuoto !pao" ;l a Broporo - Ha pe3ynranrnl'l'l MoMeHr or l4HepqfioHHl4re cHnH peanH3Hpa .aMo c'a. ',,i ce IrpaKTIzKa' Ha e lieB63Mo,{go; cnyqa6 Mi{olo HoBecflBaIIe B -pii ioao"l'*t H Ao6aen'e Ha Aotl'bn'Hre'r*Ir'f rr,rrrHo ypaBHoBecrrBal{e, ;;"- ;;; HHepqllcHHltre ctt''lE' 'l uacli (nporueore)KecrH) ce aHyjll{pa caMo l'raBHIIar ue*top 't' T.e. ; i

.AOn:bnHI4TengaTa MaCa
I
I

Br,pxy .npoarlix{eHtrero Ha MotoBr.rnKara Ha pa3croflHr.re p2 or roqna ,4 ce nocraBs

qe MacOBt{gT rleHTbp Ha MaCr,rTe ffiyt m2, mEg
AA

ce Hrl?e{pa e r. .d, r.

e.

(9.7)
'
.

msp2:mzlas"lmru.lou.

upoArJ'Ixegaero Ha KoJiqHoro 1 ua pascronxge p1 ce nocraBfl AoIIITTHHTJIHaTa Nraca /nI qpe3 u3rranHflBaHe lfa ypaBgeHHeTo

Blpxv

(9.8t

mlpt:mr I os,*(mr, +m2+msB) toA, Toqra O craBa MacoB r{en?bp Ha Macnre

(e.r)

d:-*i":o'

,(9.9)

!{aAeTomeCyMaTaoTMacI{TeHaBcdqK['seeHa(sitlloqI{TanHoHAolll,jrHuTenHI,ITe MacoB ue"tip S Ha Nlexanasvp' Vpasuenue' rr.lacu), a ds e ycKoPeHn.ro t' o6lllilc qeHlr'p S ua uexangaMa e HenoABI'Ix(err' (9.1) ce H3nanilnBa' xoraro MacoBl{gr MacH npn crarl4qHoro ypaBEoBeaqHa AofibngurerHl{re Ha.{uHlr 3a rloAot'tpaHe
rrlanHnDHo-locroBn MexaHh3MH' BaHe ue 6tAe norasaH 3a HflKoH eneMegrapHu Hasur.9.1aenoxara!{acxeMaTa"u''p"'-rp.H,::.,],R1':*.:".{:#T:ili:;l MacoBsre qeHTpH Jl' ot' 03 n r

i'

aHfleftsuie pa3Mepu, [onox(eHnqra Ha nor'6epail'ontrnr,remnre MacH ' ipto* rroABHxrII4re 3BeHa- *;""';;:";;' ^t^:e na NIexaHn3Ma' tlprrn- 1 (nporneorex<e.r";, u.ooioa"'in eictainuHoro ypaBHoBecssaue
ilrinno

.u

stshnoxisn

rpfi

BapuaHra:

(9.4), r':aro ce 3aMecrrr B uero HoBr.rre cror?uocru sa mo u mc. Olncagnsr BapI,IaHT Mor{e aa ce ocbruecrBH r,r B cnyqafl, Kotaro Macara tn JI ce nocraBg Bbpxy 3Behoro 2 aascro or roqKa B, a sMecro MACA t/\r ce flocraBh Maca mw Bapxy 3BeHoro 3 nol roqra C. Torana ssexoro / ue 6.rae 6eg rtporuBoTex{ecT; MacHTe Ir TqxHoro pa3nonoxeHrie ce onpelennT aHaJrorHqHH na (9.6) u (9.9) sanucuuocrn npu noAxoAnulu ?z u ?a.
183

mr +mr+millm2lmru:ms, a s r. CecbcpeAoroqegaraMaca mac:mc.O6rusqr MacoB rlenrbp S sa uexanneva ce Hal{apa oruoBo Bapxy npaBara OC u pa3crorHuero DS ce oflpeaeJxrr c ypaBrr.

LB2

fll

r
.agpuaum,($qr.9.1 z)- EocraBsr ce rpE AorrrrHnrennu MACLI .IRp ftttrXw Eapxy rplTe noAEr{xHs 3Bc[a c s3nartrcraHe Ha yPaBrenxs?a "ziII (9"10) mrt.?s:mtlBs"-tacoB qenrbp Ha sBeuoro 3 crara rouxr -S.

''.III

(MacoB

{eH?rp sa m2, m3

(9.15)

lt m\. craaa tovra .4), ': mrpr-m1l6s,*(ns*mzims)'ton I

j;

(9.11)

milpr1n216n*(mnt*ms)116-MacoaKtr [erlrap ua

sneuara

Ie

3 ce npeuecrra e rouxa l;

(xacoa uenrrf Ha ueJrnr MexlHE3aM c aeflo.[Bnxgara roire O). l-locrtoauero Ha lonxrruTenna M8ca Bapxy MoroBarrara e cBapoauo c tolr-: crpyxrrBnn neylo6crra (yaeanranar ce pagilepr,rre H Macara ir). 3arora no'qcclo cer

DA

B
/D".

I
'a,

'Aa

0
i"

i
b
& $

<Dsr. 9.3 <Dnr, 9.2

npaB[ qrcrBqHo yplB8oBecsBaBe

(9.12)

m1?1:mttosr*(mt+m2+milr+mr)loe-MacoBurr uenrrp Sno

qCnllfl MeIaHH3aM CaBl tra.qa c uenogeirxnaft
roqxa O.

- AorranHHrenBt Maca Bapxy KgJf,norg (.$ur. 9.3 e)"/ eIEa Macara f,a norosarxa?a m2 ce cacpc4oroqaBa 6 roqrr{re A s B c ypaBrr. (9.2}, e. a tocxnte o u /{, T. e. racara ra xottHo?o ,l
or
MacaTa Ha MOrOBBJtKara C

yplBHoBecqBat ce Macara

xt

KoJrflHo?o

a qrct"

I
F tr

(e.16)

mto-nt+*

, mtA:m,

b:
K

He Ha Macfire tro anarorsquu ta (9.10)-(9. 12) 3aBr.rcr.tMocrr{ rqe ce ocuryp}r ca!naAaHero Ha MacoBltq ueuTap Ha MexaHI{3Ma c ro,ira C. flo rapuaur III e ypanuoseceg Mexasu3Mtr B saAaqa g.l. Axo Macosutr [enTap Ha Hrt1oe or 3Bexara He Jrexn Ha npaBara, cBbp3Bru& caoTBerHgTe ruaPHnpHn aBosua, orrpeAenflHero fla AupexTpiucara 3a pa3norarafie Ha nporltBotexecrra craBa rro cneAr{nfl HacIrH. Hexa MacoBltre qegrpri Ha norBuxuure snena (slf. 9.2) ca n roqroHTe 51, Ss, 53; Aa Ll3BlspullM Crarr{rrHo ypa8HoBecsBaBe n^o-II 3 ce crcpe4oroqaBa B TorrK[re B-n C o ypaBH." -napuanr. MacaraHa3Beuoro rH roreMuuara Ha AolrbrrurergaTa Maca my$ ce (9.6). Mecronoto)+(enuero *onpe.(eJreT ?ara, qe MacOBHfr UeHrbp Ha m\\, mZH mg' La Ce HaMHpa B TOr{Ka A. LIs. nomyBa ce BeKTopHOTo ypaBHeHnc

Bapuanml t.rMa Karo cnMerpnqHa pa3HoBHAHocr cryqar, Koraro Macara m, c& pa3nonox[ HaA roqKa A, mn-7B.(flcHo or r. 8, a mln-nol C. Ilpg H3qHcr'rflBa-

O6rurra Maca B:roqra .,{ ue 6rle

(9.171

ma-m1sim2a.

(9,l3)
KbAero

: (Sur. ypaan. 9.2). (9.13) e.ura or BennquHHre p2 Ha mfi ce a3'B ?z:AD 6upa, a ,tpyrrra ce npeclr,rtra. 3a lont,ruurennara Maca mr e B cu,ra ypanx. (9.8),. + +
Cxeuara Ha xontHo-MoroBr.rnKoBar MexaHH3'r,M
Ca pa3MepgTe, flOJIOTXeBUgTa Ha. MacOBI,ITe UeETpLr

*rlor"a*r7oB+m,A:0,

@sr.

9.4

BeCTHIZ

noxa3ana na Srzr.

g.3a. Vs-.
H&
r&

Mlcara nA ce ypr[HoBecrBa c Aonr,rrngrenHara

Bnelo

Maca

ftilt KATI ce ngnarHn

ycJ]o-

TIoABH)(HUTe 3BeHa, Ja BflT .qBe AorrbrnnTenHra

MaCIlTe BXy

t|ty, Xlg

Macv mti H ,?1I Bapxy npotrarxeHnsTa Ha MoToBllJtKara Konfluoro (Sxr. 9.3 6), xouro ce noAqrzlqBar Ha ypaBueuuflra

nt,lHoTo cTaTI,IqHO ypaBHOBeCRBaHe Ha MeXaHI,I3Ma Ce

BOCTa-

(e.r8)

m1

?1:mnlOa,

3a orqnrate

{e.10
184

my?z*mzl.asr*mt

lla

rosa cnj'qati ngepqgolrHr.r cr4Jru Ho nOCrrnaTetHO A${ixeu{aTa Ce -MaCa /?'6 I]oHfKolil Aoll'bJl]IftrsJrHdra Maca mi Ce uz6uneypaBHoBeceglrre

Ea, qac?

or

nq n0'lotfrua Or mI c

paBeHcTBOTo

185'

n
mi?t:ma lpl{ftmBf.6s, (s.re) .fi,5gero,t-0,6=1, mn:mt*mza. IIpu xe6pana enopel
saBnctrMocr (9"19) uporrBOTex{eCT Ce nOflRfBa A3BeCTHa HeyPaBHOteCeHa l.EepqlloHHa CV[A. Ha Qur. 9.4 e nora"laxa cxeMara Ha Ky,rHeefi ilexanl.t3lM. I,lgaecrnr ca pagMepr,rTe, flotOx(eEHflTa Ha ilaCOBHTe UeHTPII n HaCuTe ft\' ft22 s, mA Ha nOIBHII{HI{TC aBeEa. flpl,l ua6pano MecronoJrox{eHrre Ha MacHTe, ?" e.npanpidern pa3croqlruH fl.1" pr u ,pfl, ypaBHoBecflBaul[4re MacH ce ollpeAenfir cbG saBnellM0crl{Te $8Ta foqKa 01 fia prBHnHara ,4e upQlcTaBqr c ypaBllelrnflTa

I c ocra Ha B6preHe'

yenoBHflta ga "qHHrMtlqH 6an8ilC

"9.26)

2*,?,-o; *ti+*z/r+*ir+',p]+^up',,-o'
iII l, a ;

{e.20)

tfly11

(e"2li
(e.22)
rny

?s- mt, 16s," ftIq ?2- m2 145,,

06uuqr

Macos

?t* mr l6l.s,+(ffi2+rar) IoA, llegrtp .S, roftro nexn Blpxy npagrrr OC, ce onpeaentr cbc

3aBs?17ii

crduocr {9.4), xr"uero

{9"23)

,n0:mr+mn*mt*mz" mr*wp1*m3.

(!(
I

9.2, YPABHOBECj|NBAHE HA BbPTqil{H CE MACI4

Maca, rolro ce BT,prg oxono HenoaeuxHa oc' e craruqHo ypannonecexa (6a' naucupana), at<o uacoBHRT it uenrtp nexn B6pxy ocra Ha porauut, Lr AI{HaMuqHo 6a,rancnpaua, axo ocra Ha Bl'preHe e rJtaBHa IrHepqHoHHa oc. Ha crarg'{Ho 6a,raHcapaxe nornexar 6anno nrprnqr4 ce MacH (poropu) I{Jtr.t raKrlBa c xanKa A'br)r(HHa (racxore, gl6su xo.re.na u ap.), sa Kol,tro Moxe .qa ce npueue" qe BclIqKu HeypanlroBeceHu roqKoFH Macu Jlexar B eAHa paBunna. 3a ypaauoneC'BAHETO gA TAXOBA 3BEHO I.IJIH CI.]CTCMA E ,qOCTATATIHO B CbIIIATA PABHTTHA AA CC TO. 6asu (uau n3BaAH) eana aonbnHl{TeJtHa Maca ztn, c Koero Aa ce r3nr'nHu ycnoBl4ero: yMara or c?arxqrllTe MoMeurt Ha BcaqKH Macn cnpfiMo ocra Ha BapreEe Aa 6r.(e ,ery"ra, T, e.
{e.24)

1l

"

o
Or,rr. 9.5

*ir:Z
i=l

*,/,a*ni:0,
(e.27)

KaAero m e Macara Ha poropa c,leA 6alancupaue; i:o--paauyc-BeKrop'r,r na o6u]us MacoB IIeHrbp cae4 6a,rancupaue;

mi Ca HeypeBHOBeCeHHre TOqKOBH ri paAulc-ae(roplrTe Ha ml;

P

MaCI,l;

,-.,,rffi
.. . .:'SlJ

e nepneH'qllry'lqpeH Ha paBHHHa' KoflTo MHHaBa eexrop-MoMeHr *,i,yi; ueHTbp Ha Macara mi' noco*vre Ha re3l{ BeKiloreer'zn r'r npe3 ocra Ha BapreHe Ha AecHI'Ifi BIIIIT' 3a 14o6c1no npll rpano npaBI'InoTO toptt MurST Aa ce onpeAens? Ce cTpoH 3aBbpTfH Ha 90" nerropure-MoMeETl',l Ha duqnure nocrpoenl4q no,{ttloHl,T Ha Macure, pa3nonoxeHg oratlc'o Ha t'ts6pauaBcer{
bo" ;$;,#;;;;'"r' ce HaMupa orJ'IfrBo Ha panuuHa I' a il""i"or^'*"autu-nit oa"u Ha BbpreHe' IloHexe frzBeKTOpHTe-MOMeHTL ca HacoqeHl{Te or m, tl vaci oTflflCgo ce au t"rnpuur"te m\?ld ce oilpeAens erarl{{ocra K6M ruacr,rTe. or uoAy'ra Ha 3arBapffulut BeKTOp CIeA saAasaHe HB PII I,3BecTHo. .7 e HH'T MoMeHT m[?[, rtfi raro pa3cTo'lHI.IeTo nocTaBH B paBHnHara ce rpn6na aa KOflrO my, Maca ce npecMflTa aorIbnHLIreJtHaTa Macara mil ce ortpeAerq or BeKTopaRocraBH ce rpx6na 4a Konro no II. flocorara, ' Ha Sr',rr.9'50 e nocrpoeH BeKrOpHHsr Ir{HOIO}rAJIl{tlK I{a Crarl{qMOMeIrr *titto. tl MOMeETbT ml?fl' Or UO'lyHHTe MOMeBTII nl;ti Ha 4aAeSgTe MacI'I' BK"InqHTeJIHO Ha pI ce HaMripa roneMl4EaTa sa IoJra Ha 3aTBapgIIlHfl BeKTop mrpl npu 3aaaBaHe ce onpeAens ot.Lrfb.tl Fz' C nocrat notoxeHae a seitsoro tt:1, n-btrflure.rHara uaca
I

l*,7, yl,:a ; m 1]-'yi,I ^ r?,vi, + *, ix

i, + *

up]t

x,i:

o-

fitreAoIl.bJIHHTe,uaTa(ypaanoeecaeau1ata)lraca;
pa,qlyc-BeKroptr Ha

TOIII(OBH MaCfi B npOH3eO.nnO (nO UeAeCr'O6paSHO OT rJleAHa roqKa Ha "(on6nIIHTerHI,I t(oHcrpyKrlnsra ua poropa) rls6paxu paBHHHr,r, fiepneHAflHynqpHu Ha ocra Ha asprene, Taxa'ce nocrHfa ypaBnoBecqBaiie Ea qeHTpo6exHure tHepIIIroHHH cl'tnll fi TexOCTa Ha BbpreHe CTaBa tJtaBHa HHepUITOHUa OC Ha pOTOpa. Hlrre MoMeHTH - a e [oKa3an porop, qHHTo ae6aJrai{cn ca npeacraBeull c rpltre ycHa @ar. 9.5 TOBHO C:bCpeAOTOqeHI.I TOqKOBI.I Ma0rn my m2 V t|tg, OTCTOfiUIU Ha pa3CTOqHul r!' rZ M rs oT ocra lla poTaqHs O-O. Tpure vacx ne)I(ar B paBHLlHHre I, 2 u 3' B zaErrcriMocr or KoHcrpyrrr.rsfir.ire oco6enocra Ha poropa ce us6vpar pannunnre I u lI tr3K3; He B TtX Aa e ts!3MO)ItHO noCTaBtHeTO I'IJ'IH OTEeMaHeTO HA ABeTe AOIII,JIHI'ITeIu [racr4 mL H mu. Axo ce nocraBH Haqaroro Ha KoopAl]Harnara cucrMa B npeceq-

Ha .(unaun,rso 6araHcnpane ce noArarar poropli, qsl{ro EeypanuoBecellu roq!(oBr.r Macu ca ts pa3raqsu paBtutrl.. 3a ueara e Heo6xoAalrao Aa ce no,(6epar ABe

mr..

,iiliil

TapaBguHaI,Ir1euuatnocoKl{HacT,oTBeTHHTeI4HepIIuonrtHcllliu(naeerlopure ).?., " Mr.ure. Da3IIo,toxeHI{ or,'IffBo-o6parHu nocoKl't' Ha $rar'9'56enocrpoen nrra' Ha Be*rop're-MoMeHru. Bexroprr-MoMeHr Ha Macara tnl

HTffi"" .'o-V"in ".*""elrre-MoMeHrH

r86

187

q
naMHqHo 6a,rlaucapau.

aaHero Ha Macr'rre mr n mn (IlrH atHeMaFero Ha Macrd c%c caurara roneMura u f,] carloro pa3crorBue, Ho or o6parHara'crpaHa Ha ocra na BbpreHe) po?oplr e ArrI4sro,rayaanero na rpaso-an!,rnruqur,! uocrpoc*r-ifl porop, e noKa3auo r sa4aua 9.9.

9.3. fia ce onpeAcnu Aon'bd'rur{TeJtHara Maca mL Ba qacrr{qnoro ypaBHoBecfBaHe Ha -HHeprIlroHHHre crrnl1. oT MacaTa Ha KonrrHoro H TaBn qacr'or Macara Ha Atsere MoroBil,rJrKn, rostb rpr6ra Aa ce c6peAoroqr{ c ycnoBr.rero sa craruqeH eKBEDaneHT B roqKa ,4 (Snr. 9.7).

JlaHcrlpaHe Ea

EerropHlt noruroHr{ ga daA

3AAIqU KbM .IEBETA |JIABA

ml
0=J

9.1. n.a ce onpeAenrlt roJreMnHr.rre AorrbJrHHTeJ]HHTe i{acll tTtn H ffiril, UeO6XO4UuE 3a CTaTHqHOTO ypaBHoBecflBaHe Ha IIIapHlrpHufi.qerupugBeH-H-nK no HaqHHa, noKa3a.H ua 0nr. 9.J o, axo lon* :120 mm, len:400 mtfr, lBs:280 mm, lor,:75 mlt, l,lsr:200"frm,

rHa

lfly

Qur.

9.8

<Dsr.9.9

Qnr.9.10

Fasuepure Ha 3Beuara,
Mrr{ qeHTpl{ Cai loA = 120

TexHI,ITe Macr{ I{ no,'ro)KeHnflTa I{a MacoBr{Te mm, Laa:ltc:450 mm, lo".:60 mm, lr",: It.s,:100 mm, mt :5 kg, m': fttt:8 kE. 9.4. fla ce ofipeAennr AonrrJlHrjreJl{r4Te Macvt my rnry mrry Hea6-

J,

Ts
(Dur. 9.6 @ur. 9.7
tn1 :0,lkg, mr:0,8kg, ffis:O,Akg.,Aa ce np,eMar croiiHocrnre: p1:100 mm, ?z:200 11lII], p3:130 mm. , perueHue. L_i ypaeueuur (9.10), (9.11) a (9.12) ce, onpeAensr Ma_

(Snr. 9.8), auo: Loa:120 rnm, Lnn:4}A mtrn, IB-:280 mm, ffit:0,1 kg, mz:0,8 kg, mz:0,4 kg, p,: 100 mm, pz:200 mm, Fg: 130 mrn, lr", :75 mm, lr",:200 mrn, lu" : 130 mm. ii.'5. !a ce onpeA,enfiT roJreMr{Hnre Ha nporI.IBore}KecTHTe tzr H
tnrrP ueo6xoAHMH Ba cTarriqHoro ypaBHoBecqBaHe Ha KyJIIIcHHg lvlexanI{3r'M ($Izr. 9.9) h rroJro}Kerrr{ero Ha o6ulnn MacoB rleHrbp cJIeA ypaBiioBecffBaHero, aKo ca H3BecrHr4: loa:100 mm, Loa:250 mm,

XOAHMIi 3A CTATI,{I{HOTO YPABHOBEC'{BAHE HA rIIAPHI4PHH'I I{CTI{PH3BCHHI{K

lrr,:tr30mm,
CHTC

pr:

100 mfir,

pa

:200

mt:4 kg'

mm, lr",

:50

mm,

lr" :200

mrn,

mt- tnz-2k4,
ffirri, c
KoI'ITo

rr: * f^,

l-

*,,:U1t": irr Pz
l.r,
"

o'1',:1t
l3o

:0,4
.

kg,

(m rrr+ mr)

rmr:-i [*tlor,* (*r+

:OO [0,t .75 a
1

:2'4 kg'

^"1: *a[0,8

200

(0,4

4 g,4; 400]

mz+ mrr+ mr)

loa:

,ce nocTl4ra CTaTHqHOTO'ypaenosecxBaHe Ha nHeptIHoHHrlTe cr4iti{ h nG .JloxeHuero Ha o6u1nn MacoB r{eHTbp cJreA ypaBHoBecffBar{ero Ha rxapnnpHrrfl r{err4pr43BeHunr< (Sr.r. 9.10) npn cr'r,ir,Hnr AaHHH: lo.a: : 100 mm, I ou :400 mm, Lpc:240 mm, loc :300 firtt1, los,: 33 mm, lr", : 1 33 m nr, 1.", : B0 m m. ? r : p a : 200 tnrfl,, trl 1 : mt : 5 kg, m, : 2k3: -9.7. B rocoqeHure MexaHH3MH ($nr. 9.11) la ce onp.Aen"r cx?L{araI{iio noJIo)KerrilflTa Ha Aorrb,/rI{r{Ter'rHHTe MacI{, Heo6xo.u,uuiz 3a

9.6. Aa ce oflpeAengr

AonT,nHIlreJlHETe r\racw mr

(2,4 1-0,8 +0,4

+0,4) 120]: 4,g75 kg.

n:bnHoro r4M crarnqHo ypaBHoBecfiBane. !,r,nxnunre Ha gBeHara, MacllTe I{M II nOJIOXeHHflTa Ha MaCOBHTe I,IM UeHTpLI Aa Ce Cqr.rTaT I,I3tsCCTHfl.

9.2. Aa ce onpeite.rrgr AonbrHllre.rlHr4Te MacH ffirH ffin, Koulo, rpa6ea ,q,a ce nocraBflT Ha xoJlflHoro 1 H laoroer.r nrcara 2 3a nr,nHoT9 crarlrqHo ypaBHoBecflBaHe Ha KoJlsHo-MoroBnr'rKoBr{rr MexaHr4aGM (Qttr. 9.t)) flpt.r crleAHfire AaHuil: loa:100 rnm, l,qa:300 mm, /osr: : **, lr". : 100 il1ftI, /fi1 : Q ,l kg, mr:0,7b kg, arr:0,g i1g, pz: 1l :2{J0 mnr, ?r:100 mm.

{lgnongyBa

(Vnrreaue: sa ypaBHoBecflBaHe Ha e,'rr4[corpaQunx MexaHH3:bM ce @arrtr, se cpeAHara roqna C or eseHoro 2 ce ABH)Krl no orptxuocr.)
189

&l

188

?Hq,Horo ypaBHpBecsBaHe AOTOqeHH MaCI{ frtb tf,,t

9.8. fla

ce. onpeAerrn AOnb.,[HI4.TeJrHaX'a UaCa, HeOSxoAIrMa 3&

ereir

sa BbpTsnlHre

m1-Or2kg, il11:o,tr kg, /rdg-0115 kgn rt:$9 filrtrt' zs:150 rnffii ,".a*r
s?=
A

H fiis ($nr.

9.12

Ce .B-eAHa paBHI"IHe G'bCpr" a) npt cneA'HIrTe AaHI{n:i

nocoKe H& s0TBapft$Iufl, B$erop ce Ao6aBl{ (r't.nn n odpSTHa nooKa Ha c6llloto paSCTOSHr4 Ce crfi{eMe) rtacu c foJIeMLIll

u trffi:mm.

rxo:

2,1 kg"

0.0. !,4 ce

onPeAenll -flAon',-.nnHteJrndra tuaca

({Hr. 9.I3), xoat

lht
n

n4

Ci

(,2

ar)

6=5s @sr, 9.11

v.ha Qsr.
9.13

Qsr. 9'14

J
I
I

lft't

1tr.

6 onr.
Ha pa3cToflH?ie
'{-t'+"t
lf71

<Dff. 9.15

Onr.

9.16

9.12
Maca Aa ce nocraBlf

:100 mm, dn:60", d:s-90o. flonllunreJftlara or ocra Ha BtpTeHe p:l00mm. Petueruue. Ot YPasn. (9.24) caeaea
f1*
rfl2 12

i"J*T"ll|',[ Hfi:ffi.;;;'p;s;;'; ; PaAuyclr

lItIHo BaJIa

c Macltre tut:3

r":d";;;- nrr:s-0", cra:120d. .npneMe P-15 mm. Aa ^- ce g.f-g.f+frnpotnnorixecrra) 0l Au t. onpeAenr,r roJreMr4'arassa

tOur.
HoBecfiBaHe Ha nex(auruTe

,;;ro.im, ,,rrs 'i'*, Ha Aon'bJlHl'IfenHara Maca

Aon'snHllreJlHara Macai

kgn

n'6*6 k$' mt-

ftLs

f x* l?rn P :

0.

C uaula6eu MoAyd'I A:0,005 kgm/mm

,r.rocrpoeHo

roBa BeKropHo ypaBHeHI'Ie e

ra Ha nrpreue) *uJ''.r:iig','mr:7yg'

B eAHa paBHHHa (nepneH'ul'lxyJlrpHa Ha oc-.

mn' Heo6xoAI4Ma 3a cra"vtlHoro ypaB-

na Qur. 9.12 6.3arnapnqzar BeKrop tttnp-olrpa4ers Ha' fipaBner{r{ero Ha paAHyca P; cnpsMo paAl'Iyc-rcKropa 11 e orqerel* 'brbJl dns 105'. lo;reul{Isara Ha AorIb,IIHIirerHara Maca e

: "

l+++ (mrr1

mz

12

ms

rs)

:
?-

mm' fz:20 rnrn' aKo c.borBerHI'ITe IrM paacioaHr'ra Ao ocra Ea rr:10 Ha Macnpa'r'I4yc-BeKroplrre MexAy ;;:itffi, h:!0 mdt.'b"ntre e P:15 mm' pu.unyc'br na-npbtnebrexecrra re ca. c.12erhs:asn:iiO'. g.lt. Ai"ce onpeae.ttnr Macllre Ha llporuBore)I(ecrllre rh v ffit B paeuuunre^l u ll u rexHnre GTJIII Ha 3a-

i"=Fkg' mn:l}kg'

(Qur. 9.15), ilocraBeHu rrpen"a"a, or.uilTall or iuusnra OSt

:-iio
I

(0,2. 50+0,1 . 150+0,15.

100):2,1 kg.

Po"roprr ue. 6sae ctarldqHo ypannoBeceHr aKo Ha pascroflHl'Ie

190

e flocoxa Ha qacoBHnKoBara m-1:^5k$' rnz:l}k$' MacHTe c cTpenKa 3a oanaHcltpaHero Ha Bana mm' a':400 mm' a1:2b0 npl{ crIeAHII". ounn"iTl;iO;;, h:25lftff,' c:500 6fi, pr :prr:40 mm. v ffitr 9.12. Aa ce ofipeAennr Macllre Ha rlporl'IBorex(ecrure /lli
19u

{Sry. 9"-16) r4 rexar4re trnr{ Ha saxpenBaHe cbornerHo B paBHI4HI'I"re I n II; ue-o6xo4nMrr Ba glluaunuuoio Ouna"i"p;;;';; BaJIa C Xa-ll: jrt:_40 \g^, nz:30 \g, *r:50 kg npu cneAH?rre AaHHn: ft: :,JU tDlDr tz-4U mm, rr-50 mm, ar2:J0 ,' eze:140o, ar:150 mmo
rr-----a-=- tt

JECETA

T"NABA

IIPI4MEPHI4 I,I3NbJIHEHH'I HA TIACT I OT KYPCOBATA PABOTA T.IO TMM. AHAJ{H3 N CI4HTE3 HA PABHHHEH MEKAHNSbM

@ur. 9.17

.{rz:'350 nttrrt, as:250"Tf, paAr.rJcnre Ha saKpenBaHe Ha lr{ecrrrre co pr : pu : 120 mm. 'brnaTe Ha sakpeneane npornBoreA; '; oT!rr!Tar.oro.nHHunra OS1 B nocoKa Ha qacoBurrKoBara crpenKa. v'ro. Aa ce ofrpeAenflT MaCHre Ha rrpor'B.rexecrure B paBHHH?rre I n II (Srzr. g.l7l u .bt,,r're Ha aarcpenaauero rrM, r{3MepBaHH oT JrrzHr'rflra ost n nocoKa' o6parHa ua uJaou""*o"u"u crpenKa 3d A.HaMHqHoro 6anaucnpaHe Ha eana c Macrrre *rJ+a tg,"-.r:eo r.g, me:"10 kg' vnuro MacoBr.{ {exrpll ce HaMfipar Ha pa3cT.flH,e or ocra Ha ts'bpreHe c'borBerHo h:120 fit[tl,,r2:140 mrn,'rr: lO0 mm. flo. JroxeHrzfi.ra Ha Macr{re r{ paBrrr4H're I a II ca onpeien.n, a pu*a_ p[re a1* 120 mm. az:lA} mm, at:150 mm, a:200 mm, du:50o, flra: 130o. Pa4ny-cure E nd Ha AUrlb!'IHlire'4Hirre Aon6!,rHHTe.4n Maclz ca: p1 :120 rnm' ,Frr- 150 mm.
,

3aAaHrqra aa paspa6oreaHe Ha qacr I or KypcoBara pa6ora ca sroKa3aHl{ Ha ra6n. 10.1-1015. flpa nsnrlneHlzero Ha pa6orr.ITe ce ,&rSrrCKBa paspa6or"nauero Ha cneAHLITe roqKn. 1. Aua,rug Ha JIocroB MexaHngbM. l.t. Aa ce onpeAeilfi 6ponr ru crenerrrire Ha ceo6oAa n Aa ce aHanrrSr{pa cTpyKTypHo JIocroBLIflT MexaHI,l3bM'. 1.2. La ce nocrpoffT ABaHaAecer rrJiana Ha no.,ro)xeHuero 3a paB.IroorcrorrIr1a no.{ox(ennfl Ha HairaJrHoro sBeHo. Aa ce nogrpotr TpaeK"ToplrffTa Ha TOirKa ?t u $yni<qnflTa Ha rroJro)KeHr{ero Ha HSnGJrHHTen.rroro 3BeHo 5 (arco-BBeHoro ce ABH)r{H paBHHHHo u/). - Ha saBbpraHero cKopocrra Ha 1.3. fi'a ce oupeAenn Ba HaqepraHr{Te noJro}KeHnfl
MBrIb,THrlreJIHoro 3BeHo (npn paeunHHo ABr,rx(eHKe
{

I
1

- Ar.rarpaMa Ha cKoHpes nJraHoBere Ha cKopocrure Aa ce nocrpoz pocrra. 1.4. Ea ce onpe4enffT M'bpTBlrre noJroxeHrifl Ha MexaHngMa ga eAoT 3BeHaTa C eneMeHTapHo ABr4xeHHe lr 3a Tflx Aa ce onpeAeng? [ro

:brJroBara

cropocr).

IllraHoBere Ha cKopocrHTe. 1.5. Aa ce nocrpor,t sa eAHo MbprBo rroJloxeHr.re r{ ga eAHo npo.ISBOJIHO IIOdrIO)ICeHIrle Ha MeXaHHBMa IIJIaHbT ila yCKOpeHLIfrTA H Aa e orrpeAenflT brJroBr,rTe cKopocTH rr ycKopeHHrr'Ha BcI{rIKr{ 3BeHa 3a ABeTe noJrox(eHux. fla ce cT,craBH ra6rur{ara Ba IIaMepeHHTe BeJrEqHHrz. 1.6. 3a eAHo or ABere noJlox{eHfiq or r. 1.5 Aa ce onpeAe,]rl{ KH,TTEMATN',IHO PAAHYCbT HA KPHBHHA HA TPACKTOPI,IflTA HA TOqXAIA 7n U rofi Aa ce Hailece Ha rpaeKropvfrTa.

1.7. 3a npolrgBonHo

IroJIolKeHHe

ce cpaBHqr c resr4 or r. 1.5. 1.8. Aa ce onpeAenv a*ailvrktuHo tpyHxrlrrsra Ha nonox{eul{ero Ha ocHoBrrHff Tpn3BeHeH MexaIIHBbM H Aa Ce HSBeAar SaBLICT.TMOCTHTe 5a cKopocrHre rn ycKopeHnsra Ha 3FHara My. vcropeunnra Aa ce npecMeruar qncneHo sa ABere norox(dHnq or r. 1.5 u nonyrreHure pe3ynTaTK Aa ce cpaBHffBaT c HaMepeHI{Te. l.g. Ha nepcoHaneH KoMnotbp c roroBa nporpaMa Aa ce npecMCTIIAT IIIICJIEHO NOJIO)TCHHETO, CKOPOCTTA

J,a ce ilpecMeTHaT GrJroBlITe cKopocrH Ha SBeHaTa u pe3yJrTaTuTe Aa

rrH rIeHTpr{ Ha poTarlr{rr, Aa Ce HaMepgT npeAaBareJrHHTe oTHorxeHLIfl,

Aa ce onpeAeJlffT

Bcr{rlKr.r MoMerf,r-

I{ YCKOPCHHCTO HA I{3Nb,'I. sIr{TeJIHoro gBeHo Ba ABauaAecerre noJro)renl{fi r{a Bo4elqoro. C noilyrleHrzre croplsocrn Aa ce cpaBnffr rr .q,onbJtHflT peaynraTnTe or
rpaoHqHEfi
aHanr.r3. 13 P-oo sa rypcobo npo3kltrpanc

192

,l il {i it itt

193

il

nt

ln=o
Asa

/.2 /

fadl1uqd /0.1

A* i^--_rt

=q548 ms"?tti 5g = Q588 7ou=ilsu

ct re++_

\ra.ss #ffi-,5

A'=J7A

)\

mu.!im,
rsa-2rse

2'

Tadtru4a /0.2
asr=

AC=44/]a mo=
B

!rc

.l

p x #,{-. l.."c]
.i"

t''Is
{.

1 lr

v
,|

b
M

zst
E n
=

/----.:s5
AB - 3.o4 152= Q3A&

i:

..'3.//J2

2.0A

m5 = Qim2

ms- 45me t5.- Js^

,t5

ct A o,.r\ !'

ASr=5r7,

1Ss=q.aoc

/.6

\/v;+2

"'-<'c

'

rn. = 3m +-2
,/r :J+

750

T\ mo.2-" , Jsr= 43Je"

,t

C= 3+

,A{
UKU

AL =z

,.

pnw

Ac=

{n ))}c

v rk

,rw
., 1"
194

L
:!
1.,r

ZR

VD

$r

'tf

l
fafur u ua

Ta1nuqa 10..t

lZ
45"45A8 m5'3mz
lC=0.7A0 'tE'"iJ2

- l,Sr.!.lA& n5.3m2

l+ "4J. 0c=/^5n8 '-6-2

CD"qvrc
E

As2 =QoABi Aso=

co

<16
sz
"-'y'
MJ

/20

3.+"

AB =304

45e=q3A& fra=fre

mt=m- mj

=45ma

,
x

* \c__ 2 o2 -=\

,h\
b|

l-+

le'-40mm

rt

r=t/4oA

A9=H0;

' AT.toA V..* ss')-d*\.

ff,sao

i- In

r. l'

J"i'

E5s-2/3PI
3u,

Hr =,50mm

^ ++ 'nU

t"1

i
I

I
I
I

"&M
rnZI rk fu

I
A
,.|

$zX **;

'r
.aC = iiz BC

PR

6&

4
2.t

196

f
5.{
2

452-QoA&
OET

J,E

o,L^ A0

A6t .qg 4u

'R

l, -0p

rrodro)neHre o' r. 1.5 ;tpr;,;;;;;u,ii"1,, r.sa .rtna gBeHoro 1. 1.11. flo HarrHHa or r. l.g Aa ce npecMerHar qnc.rreHo 'JIolKeHfigTa

ftra MexaHHBMh Aa

oaAaAeHo rex'oror'.rHo u Hnepqu6Huo HaroBapBa're ce otrpeAerflT HAeaJrHr.ITe peaKrlr{H FbB BptaKnre rpo'BBorr'o?o

t'10. llpn

MoMeHr

BbB Bpb3KHre Ha MexaHH3Ma ,, a"unuA...r". ::::^-11_.. cpanHnr c nonyqeHr.rre or r. 1.10.

2.

2.1"
5.3

h=oA

5.4

Ol^

Xa

ryun

OSt=t1227

ms= Z/nz

r{H3bM.

,.2. nu ce nocrposr x,(g) n x,,(g). 2'3" na ce oflpeAed'rsr Syuxqrznre "_(g), ocHoeHr.rre pagMepa ua rtp6avrur

rrp6zue" ,."ril*r*. Aa ce nsdepe ;";;;-';;-""opuru x" (g).

CHHres Ha

MaKCItMaJHo HaroeapBaHe B'r,B Bpb3Krzre Ha MexaHir'Ma,

p.rirr;: ^no;;;;;.. ;;;il;r,ensr roA;

peaK{Hnre

npeAaBarenHa 6yHr<Mexa-

>L

\,,'
9n0su=
9a 314

5-6
64

C = //2 Cr JE= 2Js,

HOribJrHHTeJIHoro BBeHo Aa ce nplreMe paBHa Ha raBV Ha croMaHeH u"n""a"p'C-pui "u,Hyc Ro H sacoqr'a 0,9&. 3a rr,poruu." *."u""e;;-c'*o6un"qa rrHepunonrraflr r4 MoMeHl A1 ce npueirae lr:0,[pi,' il;:'rn1 ,e e n m. Ponxara e c Ae6ennHa 0,3eo.

''HI.IS'bM

3a nrp6r.r.ren MexaurzgtM c ponKa Aa ce onpeAe!,rsr rleHrpor{ MHHrrManHr.rrrr_ pa,4rzyc ua rpuenHa. ce^ n-ocrpo' paoo'"fr"i-rplO,i, *'irp6rzvnna MexaHr{BbM. ?. 1. I: ..v" r7a nepcoHar,reH KoMnrorbp c roroBa npbrpanaa . Aa ce rIpoce cpaBHflr ABere P:j1f3_caure3rrpaHara rpa@zue.nr'.rpor,1a u ;perrjeHHfl. ^a a. orpeAe/rn rrpy)r(HHHara r{orrcraHra r{ Mr{rraMaJrHara _,,,,.?.:7^. 41 rpyJKITHHa c,'/ra ga clr,roeoro 3a?BapflHe Ha *p6nvuzr =r"runnar* "1--:: nuo.prae xapaKrepzcrnKara Ha npyxaua"u. 3, ."p6""."

^^_2.4. .BaTa KpHEa

rlll

ililr

iili

pod.IKots I4II'I TapeJIKoB

lrJlbgraq Macara Ha

"."u.

illitl

__-. tpn

I(yPao"ara.p_a6ora Aa @opnara 42.

ce

paspa6orn

Ha

Henpo3parrHa

xaprr.rfl

Ha

- tn

a*" \e,t
Tn
aW

"

".&
t*
TK

r0.r. PA3PAEOTBAHE HA PA3AEJIA HA JIOCTOB JT{EXAHH3bM

AlrAJrHS
111

..n"nt1,y:l::::..111"""eHne tv.z.

td
i98
I

2E ;-'cs-

tu

KTrAeTo

10.1.I. T.tft Karo MexaHHBMbr e paB'rrHer{, 6poRr ua creneHr.rre na cno6o4a fr ce onpe4errs auad,rar"u*-,1"*. nip*;;; ,i'r.A;. h : Zn-2p r,-p r: J . 4 * 5 I : l,

J! fe

ua Sar. eaaeo). eu.puooruu".rJ .in"rr"bprxBa cb'racHo c rorrK'l-('oo. oT 3aAaHHeTO.

ll

h,HanH3HDaHHnr MexaHHgbM

Ha pa3Aerra e noKa3auo na

napaMeTpilTe cH.e aaabn

ear,

10.1

ra

n:4 e 6poff
n

Tffulrnre

TlbP^OIIPEACJIff NO/IO}KEHI{CTO HA BCHTIKII SBEHA HA MCXAHI]3MA. 3a ysu6a*HpaHe Ha Bpb3xure ce npaBu K[HeMarHqHo npHBe]KAa-

xn. Pesy,rrar'T roKaSBa, qe eaprn upoMeHnHB feoMerp'rleH

nJrbsrail{rare Bp!,3Ka

Ha rroABHXHrrTe gBeHa; pr:5_6ponr Ha B6p-

-2.

ili

Hpt:l_6poai

ua xourypH4re

Bp:bB-

napaMe-

!r

199
llilllilrur

F'
HeHaKoHTypHaTaBp6SKa'H3pa3f,BalqaceBHenpeKBcHaToAonHpaHe Ha npaBa or 3BeHoro 2 ({y'rrucara) KGM oKp6xl{ocrra c qenrlp B r.r pa,uuyc r or Kopryca. B cayuaft na AoIIupaHe Ha npaBa lI KpI'{B!u BbBeN(AaHe Ha HoBo 3eeno ioii.'1iz; sarr,rnnara ce H3BbpIIrBa c 2 -3, u s1's B'L'pTflIIIa C 0, rosro Bp'r3Ka C nnb3raqa B liuacreynaUo L paenoaoxeua B qeHrbpa Ha KpHBI'IHa (e rouxara Ha 4onapaHe)3ausuara e I{3BBpIxeHa Ha IIJIaHa Ha nonoxeHxero. Ttil xarO Kr4HeMaTHqItoTo IIpI,IBexAaHe He H3MeHfl CTene'HHTe IIA
Cs06o.U,a, HoBonoJIyrIeHI{gT IIeTBBeHeH MeXaHfi36M

I.rcrsHcKaTa crofiHocr E

m Ha kl. lrleueptaBaHero ce H3BbpIIJBa, KoK2,1, KaTo ce cna3Ba nocJle,q,oBaTeJrHocrr& ua crrodssaHero, onpeAenena npn crpyKrypuara xeacnQuraqnn (tl0.l.l). 3a ecsxo or ABanaAecerre noJro)KeHus Ha BBeHoro O.4 (npeo 30o) ce npeKapBa or ?oqxa A raureHra KIM oKp'bxHocr c rIeHTBp
TO e [OKaSaHO B SaAarra

i"oooau, onpe4er6Ha c brbJla Ha 3aBbpraHe g Ha BoAeuloro snego /!,eficrnareaio, axo ce Qraxcuph gr T.. aKo sBeHoro / crase HenoABr{)r(Ho; nqlox(eHl4era na 2 e eAHo3HaqHo onpeAeneHo (nperapea Ce' TaureHrara r<'bM oKpb)KHocrra c IIeHTbp B u paluyc r' a cneA roB& npaBara AT noL ,bt,bJr q. cnpfMo raurenrara). Ilonoxesnero Ha 3Beiira 4 x 5 e crtrlo oilpeAeneHo - r{pes HeI'I3MeHHorq pascroqHue CD Mex(Ay roqKa C or AT H HenoAeHNI'Iara roqra D. CaeAoearenHo npn QnrcnpaHe Ha g BcI'ITIKH, SBeHa craBar HenoABIrrrHH., ' CipyrrlpH'flr aHaJIIt3 ce nBB'"pIxBa, Karo ce..pasrno6nsa MexaHI''3' rutr (orae.trni ce acypoBg rpynn or Bb3MoxHo Haft-Hr.rc:bK KJIac - r.1.5)' u ce cna3Ba ycraHoBeHara He[oABIrx{Hocr. B c,iryuar Hafi'sanpeA ure ce orAenrd rpynara 4,5 m II x.lac, ilpn Koero HenoABlrlKHocrra Ha uuati"' 1,2 w'3 He ce'HapyruaBa. Cnea roea ce orAeJIfl rpynara 2,t (ctuto or II rnac). tlacrnre Ha MexaHlr3Ma Ca noKasaHH Aony BAffcHo iti 6"aypu"u. Taxa ce ycra'oBqBa, r{e \{exaHl{3M'br e 'cr'craBep or I$ Kfiac' KaTO pe'U,'br Ha l43rpax(AaHeTo My e CJI'eAHI4flT: XBM SsenOro I u Kopnyca ce npnl{penBa napeara acypoBa rpyna (seenara 2 u 3), cU95 Bropara 'acypoea rpyna (segHara 4 u 5)-; r(oero K'bM Hen u Ropnyca - teoMerpr{r{HHsr aHaJrHg (Usuepraeaneto' B rosH peA rrle ce r.rsB.bprxll
Ha MexaHlreMa),
KLIHeMaTI{TIHII9T aHar'll,t3 (onpe,u,enaHeTo

e C eAHa

CTeneIf }I&

Ha

CKOpOCTII m

ycropeuur) " 10.1.2.'B roqr<u 1..2-1.7 - or 3aAaHuero ce I'IsB:bprIBa rpa$n1'ln Aganr.rg Ha rrreCTgBeHHI,If MeXaHH3'bM, I{MI.IrIlpaU KOHTypHITfl o"r SIAA' HHeTo. Ttfi xarO B KoHTy.pHara Bp'b3Ka KpI4BI.IHaTa e IIoCTOnHHa,,fuect-, SBCHHI'I'IT MCXAHH3bN{ C C NOCTO'IHH14 PA3MCPU fl.ryasm Ha noJloxeHllero e nocrpoeH B lreHrbpa na Qnr' 10'1 (roea paenoJlox1eHHe 6.naronpunrCTByBa IIocTposBaHeTo IIa nJIaIIoBg-' Te Ha cKopocTI,ITe II ycKopeHI,IqTa' KoI{To HSHCKBaT IIpeKapBaHeTo Ha ycnopeAHllunepneu4Izr<y.'lnpHnupann).flocrpoeuneroo6xeaulanp.u6au3nrenso tl3-ll2 or AbJIxHHara I{ c'bulara qacr or ElIcotIi{HaTa ua Sopuara A22. Toea usucxsaue onpeAenfi uaura6sfis MoAyJI Ha lleo6paxeunero. Ttrl xaro ra6apltrHl{re pa3MepI'I Ha I\'IexaHI'I3Ma Arnxrrna ca npn6rzsureJlHo OA+xa, Koero ure ce uaoSpaan c
H B o6pareH peA

CafloBr.rsr aHa.rrH3 B cneABaillnre TOI{KH-,

Aa ce r.rs6epe H'Ipyro, no-xapaKrepHo noloxeune) e Hs6paHo Karo' H 3a Hero c r{aAe6er're[n JMHnv ca noKaSaHH Bcltr{Kle fIpeAcrsBI4TeJrHo KHHeMaTHqHH eneMenrn (sneHara 3 w 5) r 6yreeHure ognaqeuur. OcTaHaJrIrTe nonoxeHrrr ca c T6HKa nvHl,/.fr, Karo TogKllre ca o3HarreHn caMo c HoMepa Ha noJloxeHriero cH. flocrpornanero Ha rpaexTopr{flra Ha roqKa 7'or eseuoro 2 ce HgBbpruBa rrpeg cB'bp3BaHe Ha nopeAHure ir nonoxeHun c nnaBnar KpIrBa (ne ce npeflopbqBa H3noJr3yBaHero Ha rpunxa). Tar'1, xr4eto" pasc?osHuero MexAy nopeAHr.rre roqKlr e roJrsMo (Hanpnrraep r4exAy noJrox(eHrrfl 1I w 0, Me)r{Ay 0 u I) xeJrareJlHo e IlocrposBaHero Ha MeIKATTHHH noJloxeHuff (e clyuan 11' w 0'). flocrponrauero Ha Qyurqunra Ha rroJrox(eHuero Ha seeHoto 5qo:,f(pl) e n3B6pIIreHo ira lpr.lrypara rope BArrcHo. llo a6cqncara ca, HaHeceHr{ cToriHoc?Hre Ha napaMerr,pa g1 s Maqa6 &*,:01063 rad/mm (120 mm Ba eAr{H KHHeMarHsen quxu), a no opAuuarara - nocne,[,oBaTenHHTe cTofiHocTH H? ',bfbJrd p5, orarHTaHlr oT eAHa HenoABIrxHar [paBa. 3a raxasa e nprrera xoprlsonranHara npaBa npes D. Maqa6HHflT Mo,[,yJI k*u:O,01 radlmm e onpeAeneH TaKa, qe MaKcHManHara trepro)KHa crofiHocr Ha gu (nonoxeHrTe B) la e oKorro 50-70 mmIIoro6Ho nocrpoeHrze 6eure noragauo B sala\a 2.1. flpn usnraHenrre Ha aa4aHnero r. 10.1.2 ce nsqepraBa npeABapl{reJrHo B qepnoBa Ha KaHrleJrapcxn @opuar, Karo cJreA KopeKqgg ce ngnrJrHflBa B oxonqaredrrHug cu Blrr,. Pa6oru ce c MoJIHBII c rg6pAOCT 3H. 10,1.3. fpa$nuHoro onpeAenffHe Ha cKopocrure Ha MexaHI{sMa
ce Lr3B6pruBa rlpeS nocTpogBaHeTo Ha nJraHoBeTe Ha cKopocrHTe rro BK-

B u paluyc r-rlkt:0,06/0,002:30 mm, cJIeA Koero no4 tr'"n 30o ce HoqepraBa AT, Korro ce npeAbnxaBa,r{ cJreA I (touxa I se orpaHr.rqaBa rrpaBara; tn e 6esxp ay!! , B ABere nocorrz). Or ro.IKa D ce sacuqa c nepreJl pasMeptr CD:0,210,002:100mm. flrpnoro noJroxeHne Ha MexaHHgMa ce o3HaqaBa Karo HIJIBo 3a Helo g:gt:0. EAso or noJlolKeHlzfiTa (e c,ryuan 30o, Ho Mo)Ke

ao 200
r4,xr.r

mm,

crorlHocr ua .rynseftsnre paSMepI'I ce no,'IyIIaBa cneA

200

A c-neA BaKpbrnsBaHe
(O

h,:

* xa ) I 200 :0,0018 mfmm, ce flpaeMa kt:0,002 m/mm. t{eproxxat

paSAeJIsHe

* Bcurxg npecMerHaru I.I oggaqexu I Texcra u na {urypare ualrla6su Mo,qynld: e oraacrr Ba oparnganHoro H3n6JlHeHue Ha rpa$uuHnre snrocrpauuu. flpn orneqarBaHero nM Te ca HaManeHI{. Tosa ce Br.r)r(aa or rpaAynpaHlrr B MI4JInMerpIe (saauann sa.opurunanHoro r.r3rrlJtHeHIEe) npaa rrbn aony BArcEo Ha Sur. l0.l' cte.( orner{arBaHero pasMepr{Te My ca cKtcegu, raro xoefzulreHrtr Ha cKtcsBaHe." e qacrlroro or ps3Mepa ila op[rr4rata (uanpnuep 60 mm) KrM HenocpeAcrneso He* McpeHur c ;l,nrtis pasMep or {urypara. 3a Aa ce no,ryuai peanHlrre ltatua6gu uolyau (saananr.l aa Surypara cneA orneqarrauero), e ueo6xo,quuo BCIiTIKH qnc,'tcHar crorlltocra ua varua6Hnre MoayJru B teKcra u ua $urypure Aa ce yMnoll(ar c ro3xl xoe$tuuenr H! cKlcsBase, pastlrqeu B,a pasnlrqnure SHrypr't B pT,KoBoAcrBoro.
20L

r
I I

sopfrnrer{M ypaBueHr{rl. VpasneHnrra ce cbcraBsr, Karo ce cna3Ba peAtr .ga crno6saanero Ha MexaHH3Ma, onpeAeJreH npr{ crpyKrypHaf My aflarrn3

:
npeKapaHa npaBa,

o"n=!*+6",,, d^:io,*o'cn.

(r.

10.1.1).

:arOA n e nepneHAnKy,'rflpHa ua OA. 3a aso6paarnaHero ir e upuer uaqa6eH MoAy,r xko:g,O1 ms-l1mnil tleproxnaraaTofinocr oo, : :p(r":wiOAlko:6g mm e HaHeceHa r{a n.l,pBrrfi n.uan'^riilcropocrn. '1e -(xga nJrarra Ha rro/rox(eHuero) ot noJrroca p [epneHAur(yJrffpHo Ha OA. B ciryrraff us6panuar maula6eu Mo.u,y,'r 4, yaoir.trernoprea fi3rdcKgi-Hero k,:a1ku nop44vr Koero oA,:OA (c.arnacHo 3aAaqa 2.ll). { to To3u HarrHH ce ooneKqaBa nocrpoflBaHero Ha rrJIaHa .Ha cKopocrllTe. -2 (ra6n. _ 3a onpelenflHero Ha cKopocrra Ha roqKa B or sneuoro ^ 2.1^s:an, IV) cneaea
clrcreMara
+
O

Cgopocma ua

r. A or BoAerrloro

sBeHo

ce onpeAenfl or 7)4, -

or rovra c, e (cunacuo AC nbpBoro ypaaueufie), I-cfropeAua a or flonroca*- npaBa neprre'AnKynspHa Ha cD (crraacnb Broporo
rroKa3a'o Ha caurnfl nJraH.
rua

fpa'ftnunoro 'peureHr're

(ilZe)

t*l

f Lcol

pe.',ei'fl ?r,

Iflf,_e-rytEe). flpeceunara roqxa

.AaBa B'b3MOXHOCT 3a onpeAeJrrrHe Ha

r{e

proxnqqr ir o6par

ua 4nere npaev! e e4=c6, Koffro one fiu. VI=urprJIeHaTa Ko'crpyKrlrrf,

i'09 s-r (nr'rox,renHa)'

a^,, :-?-r,8. o,or . as:-t?: fr-r,"#:

Jjl
O 6.

a, *O a e,

+
1)

-S 6r':O g'"{116r".
/

f,'r'+

n'pa@n*uoro penreur. nol*tuX?"o nJIaHa Ha cKopocTare oT - e Toqka dl e npexapaga rrpaBa, rreprreHAuKyJrrpna Ha BA, c Koero nocTpoeHo nbpBoro nbpBoTo ypaBHeHHe, vDaBHeHHe, cnel TOBa OT noJrroca, nOJrFOCa. rOftrO Koirro p A TOBa, 14 ew .&(paft ua HyJreBaTa CKopoCT OB", E [peKapaHa , npaBa, ycnopeAHa Ha , {rJr:bgtaHero MexiAy 3BeHaia 2 w 3. llpeceqnara TOqKa Ha ABeTe nLrHWt'. gasa b2, pecfi. ibz, Koero e r.{ qepro}i(fruflr o5pag Ha iu":iu",.1pee TagLI KoHcrpyKrlrzr t\{oxe Aa ce onpeAeJr[ H

i(LBA) i(LBA

=o)

(2

"ut=#iHj

r'S

.. ..', .. aae : ,2:04=.un:-ET:-d&

"T;";:i;,

47,5.0,01-

so.o,boz

:
+

:2,64 s-1 (orpurrarenHa).

Toqra c2, pec,n. p4, qeproxHrzflr o6pas Ha cropocrra Ocil ,ce on-pe1enfl r{p.e3 nocrpd4,eaHe Ha noAo6nr.r rpr.rbrbnr{lrrlu A tzi rrDe3 onpeAenflHe lloirpoeuuero\ce llocTpoeHrrero \ce rBbprrrBa rr3BbprrrBa Hrrz lrDe3 onpeAej ie -LABC. -aAbL. "crpannre bot, cra, or npfnoprlnnra
I

"

1tbc

-_l

boCo

crAo

ABI BC CA I -:-t allr rpaQrEvecKn, Koero e no.yAo6uo u'no-roqHo. Ha nncr npo3paqHa xapTr.rff ce Konr4pa a2b2, cdrreA KoeTo d'rrrcTbT ce 3aBbpTa fi Hailata B'bpxy ililaHA Ha nOJIO)KeHLIeTO B nonoxeHrae A6i. flpexapea ce - u aunuara brc, ycnopeAHa ua BC, ce ot5e.[sgea roqKa cr_srpxy slpo3paqHr.rfl nncr. CneA tosa Jrncrbr ce Bpbrrla B nJraHa Ha cKopo. .crare H ce Konrlpa roqKa ci n roura C2. 3a H3cneABaHero Ha cKopocrr{Te Ha Bropara acypoBa rpyna (ra6"n. 2.1-enn II) cne4na cncreMara
202

"o*. g*, u g*,, (Qur. 10.1_ rope, e4rcuo). 10.1.5. lpa$avHoro orpeAe,'rrrHe Ha ycKopeH'flra Ha Mexa'rr3Ma ce x{SBbprrrBa vpes nocrp)osBaHe Ha ndrraHoBere Ha ycKopeHHfra rro BeKTopHHTe HM ypaBHeHufl. flpnr cbcraBflHero Ha reeu ypaBHeHrrff ce oorT:*p...1:1,^::I1)'"u" npu c-r,craBn'ero Ha cnopocrr.rri (r. 10.1.3). ltfi rcaro gBeHoTo .l ce etpra paBHoMepHo C to1 _g6nst, ro.lra
oupeAeJrqr quc.rreuo croilsocrnre HA

Aa ce

cJreABa

craue raHrenra Ha oKpbx(Hocrr4re c qeHrtp 0 n paAayc dA n ra. trEi;c qerrup ,F:.[pa4uyc V. Ha purypara noJrox{eHurrra ca ooHase,tr4 c ft|,' u rn". T:oit Karo B reew- no,roxeHllfl gBeHoro 2 ce ABHlxId nocrbflareJrrto, aa2b2c2_ ce cBr{Ba B TOqKa r{ n.rla*br rla cKopocrlrre cu./rHo ce onpocrflBa.3a6e.[sgea ce, qe or AOO,B ea crofiHocrraHa gr, MexaHHSM:b-T e B MbprBo noJr*xerlfie cnpqMo a"e*o"o 3, ''pnn '.osro

MbprBr ce fionyqaBar, Koraro aA e o,epneH4riKy''o"ro]r(eHrrff JIflpHo Ha Kyd]IHcara ua 2, r' e. Koraro HarIpaBJIeHI,Iero Ha n.rlrgraHe or"2
HUT.

n vuo:wr4B:0;;;;;; c,bnracHo pec[. nnaHa na cKopocTHre, r{SacKBa $Peara ttB":oA,. Ttii xaro n:bpBnrrr BeKrop e [epnenAnKyJrrpeH Ha OA, a BTopHfi?-yc[opeAeH Ha Kynucara Ha eeeforo 2, inegea, qe rbpce_
,nocneA,noro crreABa

croriuocr Hd o6 rpr6ea Aa cbBfiaAr{e- c a6cqncara Ha eKcrpeMflara roftuocr Fra p6. t0. 1.4. Mrprenre fio,ToxeHa' Ha MexaHHBMa cnpflMo ABr{)xeHuero Ha BBeHoro 5 ce onpe4enff oT r{3ncKBaHero os*0. Kixro aa ur*Au o, rpaQunara H1 qE, re ca pasnoJro)r{eHu Mexly rroJro)KeHrrfl 0uI u naexayf8 u g. T.ak Karo ror{Horo HM nu*rpui. . ,pt;;;; ce no*e tbPCflT M],PTB4TC IIO"IIO)KCHI4fl HA MCXAHI'3MA NO OTHOIIICHIIC HA ABI,I. )I(e'nero Ha Ere'oro 3, KoHTo ce onpeAe/Irr or r4gr{cKBaHero .us: :(bz:0.

*rarHara cucreMa ua e-y-rruqr.rnra Ha floJro)r{eH?rero (iope e4rcHbl c uaura6eu MoAyn ft-":0,05s-l/mm. flpu rovno neut,rneHue HyneBara

Ha to6 e xpafiuara rlerr Ha alallla Ha cKopocrure. _-P"j^.1.j:_1ToYpe3 nocrpoflBaHero Ha ABaHaAeceTTe unaHa Ha-crcpocrrrre, noKa'aHh Ha Sar. 10.1, ce onpe4ensr rr r.Bagaaecerre crofiHocrg Ho ro5, c Korlro' e rocrpoeHa rpa@arara ia.s:f (Vtl. Ts e nocrpoeHa B KoopAr{-

Or

BeKTopHa cHcreMa,

oB. cos em,:oo' unw iu.

cos

qn,:aA_i)'oi"r,i*o

203

fil
fpa(rrunoro perueHlle Ha BeKropHara cucreMa Ha ycKopeHnflTa 3a rpyna 2, 3 e HaBbptlreHo Ha niiaHa qpea nocneAoBarenHoro HaHacfiHe ,Ha HaMepeHHre BeKropI{ fI npeKapBaHe Ha lrwlJrrfl -_nepIIeHAI.IKyrfipHa ua AB a ycnopeAHa Ha Kynncara or 2. Tarca ce onpeAeJln rouxa b2 H rrpe3 Hefi qepro)Kuuar o6pas uu iu,-qbr. t{pee nocrpoflBaHe Ha Larbsc2- AABC no oHI{caHI{n g r. 10.1.3 HaqHH ce o[peAe,rfl ToqKa
,c2

,4 rre

Hr{a cail'Io HopManno ycxopenne

io=i'h; aft:wloA. 3a

ueo6-

pa3rlBaHero ]!!y e npl{er uaua6eu MoAyn ko-0,05 ms-z/mm. Vcxo' peuunr:a ca H3C,IIeABaHH 3a IlOJIOx{eHue l. or nonloca q tla F'naH&-HA

ycxopeHusra (n4acHo Ha SIlr. 10.1) e HaHeceHa orceqKara AA" rnm B 'rocoKa or A uuvr O' B cnyuaa e I{3-qar:r?OAlka:60 6piH'uau1a5e'u inoay,r, yAoBJlernopflBailr I'IsHcKBaHero ko:a?' kr, npw Koero ce nonyqatsa oi,:OA' I-loAo6Ho paBeHcrBo' KaKTo Il npu cKopocrllTe, o6.nercuaea nocrpoanaHero Ha nJIaHa Ha-ycKopeHHflTa' bu onpeAengHero Ha ycKopeHllero Ha I'oqxa '8 or sBeuoro 2
CJIEABA CNCTCI\IATA

o6pas qc2. VlznrnueHara KoH' Bp'bx Ha Bexropa 2",, a "ap"oxeH Ce o[peAe.IIH crpyKul{ff LaBa B'b3Mo)KIIOCT Aa

2:3:84: -BA-:
cJreABa cacTeMaTa

oL,q

or. brko bg,3 . 0,05 r c o ^_x : o ia . n,:go L,p,gp ",''

3a EscreAsauero Ha ycKopeHHflra Ha Bropara acypoBa rpyEa

+++?+++'+l
a

++++,++

aB,:

:= :

CL4"l d,hd

nC eta,q (lB, : aB" LI wD uri

r*r

(=o)

rj

-L' I wD ^rutg .

(rl2)

r,:ar,l : ai,a ai,,,

ce

a,c.-- a D"+ Q'ta-t- Abo

flpe4eaprare;-rHo Cc olpeAengr ]IopMaJIHoro xne. 3a llopMarlroro ycKopeHl{e cJIe.u,Ba

It

KopHoJiHCoBOTo ycK6pe-

ilpeAnaplrreJlHo df;n":

ofipeAeJlflT KopI,IoJtrIcoBoTo

H
1

HopMa.rlHoro ycKo'

peHHe caHracHo SaBI,ICIIMOcTI{Te

m

gh,q:
oTKbJ,eTO

o2n

el B

:," Lz--F ")1 :

ag ol k

t*#|a : 1,25
:
25imm'
TOqKa

s-2,

2w2'tt r n,

:2az' c rc n . kt :2

2,64 - 1 2,5 . 0,0

0,66 ms-t, noKa3allara

Ha

ak

d:

o:

1'25/0'05

orK:bAero af;"":13,2 mm c nocoxa, o[peAeJleHa nJraHa Ha noJroxeHnero cxenia (ao eeenoro 4) u

or

VCropeHnero
d'cu,"

HaCoqeHO oT TOTIKa
2b) 2 14b u . h 11

B rtm

A,

3a- xaptro.Ill'I{-*2,03 ms*2'

tsoT0 ycKopeFll'le cJIeAtsa

e6:
,I.a 3a nbpBoTo

oLn 6,5. 0,05 iff :ioffi : 1,6 ms-2 (orPauaruruo).

2u2 - o s

",:

: 2' 2,64' 35,5' 0,0 1 :

mm
"

oTKbAero

6'","

af;,,lk":2'03/o'05:40'6

IIo csulure BeKTopHrr ypaBHerrr.rfl e nocTpoeH nnaH'bT Ha ycKopeHHf *t ptuo flo/rox{eHtre. flocrpoengeTo e o6nerqego, ga :rrloro or or:o3 :or4:0 cJIeABa iLo:ib,,:it,,:0. 10.tr"6. Or rauenrarHKaTa e I{3BeCTHO, rle ycKopeHj{eTo+ I{a TOqKa,

ftrocorara

,u i'r",, ce norvqaBa, Karo ce sae'siru BeKTopLT

Ha orHo*

cItreJ'IHara luHeiiga cKopocT c'bc c6ull'rre I{HAeKCII ?B,,Ha90" no no-

t<u' ABnlKeilIa Ce no KpaBa, MOX(e Aa ce [peA,CraBI{ KarO ar:al*atr y,ero a't, e raafeHqtla/IHoro ycKopeHl{e (no nanpanleune Ha cKopocr-

TrrnoBa CXQpOCT {n2, KSKTO TOBa CXe\'raTIri}I0 e noKaSaHo Ha IIraHa Ha nonox(euut'ro (Ao Il"'I'L'SlaIqara Bp'b3Ka Ha 3BeHoro 3). 3a onpe4e.rtfiqero llzl qeprolxllaTe crolitnocui Ha HopManHoro L NopnoJrrrcoBoro ycKopeHue npn ycJIoBI{e k2r-kr.Ao (xoero ll cxyqafl
COKa Ha rIpeHOCHaTa

'tA, pec[. no raHrenraTa KbM rpaeKropunra), a af * ycl{opeuuero no HopManala (Hacoueno I{'bM eAils6Harocrra Ha xpnrata). 3a nocJIeAHOTO

BaJiI.{AHa SaBI{CIIMOCTTa

KoricrpyKrlMt or 3axa'ra 2.11. Hanpnruep 3a HopMaflrioro ycKopeHl're sbA (r.o,r3r e4acuo Hanacfr 1a @Nr" 10.1): B'Lpxy noryoxp'bx{Hocr c AuaMerbp 4E ," ilonyqa' uu^* cneA nFtoeKTl4pane Ha Kpaff I{a BeKropa BTJpxy AB ce
CnaseHo) MoraT

Aa ce noJl3yBar rpaSltuaute

al:o271pr, orrbAero pr:dTldf . HauupaHero Ha cKopocrra I{ ycKopeultero Ha roqxa I, na {nr' 10'l 'e llSBr,ptueHo aHaJIolUqHo Ha otrpeAeJlffHeTo Ha C6IIIETe trapaMerpn uocrpoffBane Ha rpHbrbJ{HIlIIn Aa2b2ts- LABT Ba roqKa c2 - e spes (nocne4nngr OT nnaga Ha noIOX(eHnerO) e IIJIaHa Ha CKOpoCTIrae E
205

iio-a,r, Ba rleprolxHara lod'lel,rnHa ^u ycKOpe}{H9Ta, r{a flellne B n,'laLia

Orrf

Kogro ce Hanacg 6e3 HgMe-

r
!

ravnpaHero Ha itr"ewavepeHaraH* reHtara KbM TpaeK?opHsra Ha rotrKa r ea noroxeuue ] (nunuma t-t s nJraHa Ha rroJrolr{eHlrero), KaKro r.r HopMa./rara. vcxoperireerofiua ToqKa Tz-&t, B nJraHa Ha ycKopeHrzrra/;e pa3JroxeHo no raHrer{rara H rlo HopMaaara. Orqnra ce

ycKopeHHflTa 3a noJroxeHHe ./.

ztr":
oTKbAeTO

p6:

35,a

a7,: qtr:96,5"mm, 1m.

wn,E;E-m=m=
Po^ =Jaft;=E;-ia=.6ia=-q#p;' Pns p;;l p; piil pir
Postr

Jtt

Poz -. -

P! Py P% Pu Pes D ,16 :

PoE
P:

Pu

Pn

o,

+r :' @tux: &T#f : o,o2 e m,

.

p.i I pii

i _ ,tz-

rrJtu rleprouina?a croriHocr Ha palryca ila xpuBr4Ha e ir:prlkt: :14,5 mm. PaAuycrr e HaHeceH Bbpxy rpaerropuarr. "Brr*Aa ce AoopaTa ocKyIaultff M)r(Ay rpaeKropHs u ocKynarlHa oKp6)r{Hocr 3&
)I(eHI{e?o Ha MexaHHBMa Ba ?t:30o c uarqa6 ftr:0,00tr3m/mm*" Brpxy rona neo6pa)xeHrre ca ofipeAer,reH' Bcr{lrKH MoMeHT}r{ qe}rrpn Ha poraqr{s Ha BBeHa?a. Cuaacuo gaBzcr{Mocr (2.g) o6qunr 6pofi ua

- pupu_: -#
iro:

PozPv

143

-ffi:
t02

-#: :-

- - r,9r; iru: -ffi:

t,9l;

iru:ffi :#

- f# : -r,9r;
:4,0;
S-1,

"*iffi}:tnl or.. to.z (rope aunno; . no.rpo." nnun", Ha nor,roO_rrp_eg.e"rei*r

:&ra

: an : u1,f irr-s/- 1,91 : -2,6 or: o\/irn:5/4,6: l,0B s-r.

crc
croriHocrprre

nocJIeAHr4Te e

[oKpHBar AocrarBr{Ho

ca u flperaearerHr{Te oTHorrrennfl MexAy BoAerloro BBe* HO H OCTAHAJIIETC 3BCHA. I4EqHCACHNTC I{PC3 Tfl{ 6rd]ICBII CKOPOCTH CC

K'Aero n+7:6 e 6ponr Ha BcHqKH

t 2 /:--iT-:- 2 :ro,
/tt
.

+1\

(n+t)

n 6.5

,_

Ho H Kopnyca). Rcnuru ilroMeHrHH rIeHrpH Ha poraqufl ca onucaua s TpubrbnHara ta6nstfa, uoKasaHa no.4ony e iercra. flo4uepraHure IIeHTpI{ B Hes Ca nSBecrHrr, rtfi xaro ce onpeAenflT or HaJlr{qHnle rfiaHeMarr4qHr{ Bp.bsKtr MexAy gBeHara. I_[enrpnre prn m prn ca 6eerpali-,

3BeHa B MexaHr.r3Ma (rx.nrcunre,r-

nono)KeHr{e orl r. 10.1.5 ce rrgBtprrrBa B cJreAHr.rfl pea c.rreaBaIII no-Aony, e [penopbqHTenHo Aa ce paSnoJroxE B1re*crtr, AOrHaTa ASCH& qacr Ha BTopltfi $oprr,lar A2). l. OyHxqnr_Ha noJro)KeHrre Ha seeuoro J (Sur. 10.2)_or$rpn_

-(onqe3-e1eryl qpes BeKroprnre ypaBHeHHfl Ha cxopocrure). $rar. 10.1.8. Asararuquoro ugcJrerBaHe Ha naexaHaerraa si ue6panoro.

ot

rd6,rvqara }ra

10.1

brbJIHuKa

AOAB ce noryrraBa
ts {,

HO OTAA,TCIICHI.I IIOPA.4I,I OTHOCHTC,IHATA TPAHCJIAIII4fl HA CbOTBCTHHTC sBeHa. Hari-nanpe4 ca olpeAeJrHu p* vt pou (r<aro fipeceqHrr roriK'! HA NPABH' MUHABAIIII NPCS KONOITXHTC OT TOTIKH B CbOTBCTHUTC CXC. / P3a: rt;fi t<aro vr ca 6eer<pafifo orAaJreqenr,r, npaBara no"" -P2n -Po, rqe HMa Aee 6esrpaftHo ""i[ orAa,reveH{ rouru, cneAonarenHo rq u{e cbBtraa3 c 6eer<paftuo orAaJer{eHara nfiaya. tr4.nn roqra ps* e ctulo 6esxpafiHo orAaJrer{ena B rra[paBJreHue Ha npaBara prrprn (Tercrtro cne,u,sad [o-AoJry, e fipeuop1qHre,'rHo Aa ce pasnono*'r, n ropxara AscHa rracr Ha Broprrs Sopnaar 42)

ffi

:#;*:?

; AB :
cneABa

(rz

I dz -2rd.o, *1+.
(r2 -y dz

Mfi noA ra6.nllqa:ra). caeA rosa cq oflpeAeJrenn ll ocTaHun"ta ,I.";p, B noKa3aHara nocneAoBare",-rHoCT. oco5eHocr cailrecrByBa npn rourai

Or rpnrrtrrlnKa AAB,B
sin
,f,,2

7fu ; l:

11 (Afiz

-pt)T

- -2rd
Oz

cos

cp)T ,

0: *z- Qr = arcsin

Pg Po, Pg
PQ

D tol

D ,06

P8

D Pru r16

(r2+d?-2racos 917 Ha cKopocrure creA npoeKrr4paHe lra KoHrype ff$?.. _Olp.AerrflHe OAB'BO no ocur Ox u 'Oy ce ronyqaBa

-arcts -

rsino
4_/"
cos g

* flpltero e Qrr.
206

10.2 Aa ce pa3nonox(s B iqscHaraflnomeuna${ra eopr,,rar Atr

lrcos 9*l cos r! np sin t! :4 lrsin g *l sin 0-p cos rp: g.

20'f

Axo rega

paBeucrBa ce nn$epenql{par

Tr
npepa6orftr' roraBa

$oero
,CNCABA

3. Onpe4elrue Ha ycxopeHlrflra
I cos

Vcos r.|l *orz (-l sin {*P cos p,' cr)1, p sin t}) : I I sin ,1, * roz (l cos { a -JP ntruelina cl4creMa no i ,, o2 (q:ro1, *:'u:'r)'
cos Q)-rsin 9' ot

a or AABC: {2:21sqs5
Orosqarelso

r2+d?-12+ R,

2R,lF$Vt=I^""*

-2rd

cos

.t,:Qr**z; tgp:

cneA Bropo

AI'IQepeHIrI paHe

#####+

'

i'sin 9+12 (l cos t!* p sin tP) : * -2i azcos t! arol (l sin,{l-p cos

{ *e2(-I sin t} *p cos tf): :2'l.i,zsin { *ror2 (l cos{ * p sin {) +o? r cos I
j

,|)*ol r sin g,

'!

Koero e .nltHefiHa cflcreMa no e, u l.4. rlucnenr.r croi'ruocrs -- 3a g: lQ" cneAea

-2' I : (0,1 82-0,062)7:0,17 m 0.06 r 4 0.1.sin30' : L9,42" -1 6,09o : -.*'6 0,26-0,1 Q:arcstn 0,18 . cos 30' 0,26:0Jlco. Or, -arct$
:B

Q'!'z + 0'262

0'1' 0'26 cos 300)z

@ur. 10.3

0'18 m'

Cre4
3,33o'

ryqaBa

npoenrr-Ipaue na Snrypar a
,

OABCO r,oqocule Ox n Oy ce no*

ir

cos g +l cos'P

r I sin

l? cos tf 9*l"sin:p-Q siir { 0,

: -d:0

CreA crorBerHo 3auecrBane 3a cropocrl4re ce noryqaBa \icos 3,33o+o z(-0,!7 sin 3,33o +0,06 cos 3,3&o):0,1 . sin 30o 3,33o): -0,1 cos 30o, i i.in 3,33'+ ar(0,17 cosu3,33" + 0,06 sin
LIJILI

Koero cnea lu$eperlqr{paHe no Bpevlero BoAI{ Ao I sin p. to2 *R sin r| . tiro.: -rsin gl.or I I cos p .oz-R cos {", . or: -r cos]p . *r"l
1

orr3,a,ero";

l,recrBaHe'Ir npecMflTaHe
i'. o,gg8
i'. 0,058

.0,050:0,250 -"i. tz;. o,oss+'gl' 0,174: -0,433' i:0,382 ms-1, tDr- -2,625 *-t.[3a ycKopeHl{tlra
fi.
o,Osa +ron
cJIeABa

'd.rie,u,'Yeroporo,lr.rSepeauupaue luuefinara crlcreL{a

i I -sin l3e2i-,Q sirr rf

nc

BpeMero

ce

nbfi)rqaBa ar{aJloruIrlHo

cJIeA 3a-

j.;&.1n

. Es:1= -- 1' cos q. toi-l ctls p " *3-_ *''?cos i 4'' *i - r'sitt t' rr p. rrr!*! i cos r. sr -& cns',1 . s::/'sin tp' rrr;'i-d ain

,l, .

ol-r

r:i:s g . a,

1e0.0,050: -0;117 + 1,195 +2,165 + ez . 0,17 4 :2,002 0,344 + L,250,

ti\. cTotzHicTIITe HA iiel{'rjFlec lllliTe y( i{(ipeHlrfi tji, --" 2, o3 :'

e3

6. 3a

xonnHo-Moroliu,ur{oni'tfl \,trtxaHiiS%M oT

,orK'bAero i':2,450 ms-z, er:15,945 s-2. fipr.r 4pyrr.rre TpH3BeHHH MeXaHH3Mrr aHaJILITI{qHOTO
&rMa cneAHare oco6euocrtt.

er{TplpaHe Ha Koop.u,llFlarHuTe
I{SCneaBaHe

ocI{

$itr'

X0'3

(or: gti. c,xe4 npo'

c,rxeAi]a

/'cOs ?-i--l cos

-j*.5, r sin p--tr sin p:s.

p

A. 3a
10.3

MexaHI43Ma Ha IxapHHpHI'Iff qerl{p}ISBeHHI'IK c'brracHo (p) or aoAB ce norlyqaBa 3a

@ynrqnRra Ha flo;Ioxieftl{ero ce fiorxy"IaBa cJle.q eJIHMI{Hnpane ua

Snr'

+*t
AC

s:/cos

--,

:(rz + d,2 -2rd.o,

9f; {r: arctg *ffi

'

C;rea an$epeHrlapaHe rlo BpeMero Ha SaBIicHMocrHTe ea"npoexqnule (E:t,, F:*r, S:zs) u uPePa6orBaHe cJIeABa
14,P-Bo Fa K.,ypcoBo lll]oeqlgpaBe

il-Fjf

rt:*

(rsin

e-e))

208

u
I

I sin p .w2*oe:

lIcosP.oz:/coS?''ot'
Btopoto
cl'Icre e{a 4usepenunPan BoALI Ao ailneftnara
I

-/

sln P

. to1

,;

I I

sin,lr.la[J
cos,1, .

cos

.|l+( p- i1

{i

i+l-tsin

sin,tr1. os:/cos rl*(p-fr) cos {.,1. oe:

?. t,l1 rsin 9 . ttrl.

Caea .nu$epeuqrpane Ha rcpuara auneirna cucrNia

rroJryqaBa

Eo

BpeMero ce

: -/'cos g'?-Icos pt'r!-rsin gen ger t cospq,': -'"sirPtof+lsinpozr*rcos I

I sin peof o,

sin
cos

{ I+pcos t}* (p- t')s,r

,1,

t{1' t,r: -I sir. qr ."?-2cos t!7c^;,+ *p sin *-(p-h) cos t[,] orf a / cos ? . er i'+ [-l sin t}* (p: ft) ccs tf,l i * _ I ccs garf +2 sin {iror4 * p cos * + (p- h) sin {,1 or!* r sin 9 . e1

no
1'

I4gseAeuzre n t. B gaBlrclIMocrll ca BanHAHu n 3a Mexa$I43Ma o? $er. 10.4 6, t<aro BernqfiHara p-h rpnlaa Aa ce 3aMecrr c h .?.

Herr3BecrHHTe ycKoPHHfl

Iu

es.

' f. IIpn

10.4

ce nonyrlaBa

BaABIixBaHe Ha KynHcHHs MexaBI{sbM qpe3 ry.rlvcara ($nr. a) anaJrurrrqHoro lrscJleABafie Mox.e ,ua ce npoBeAe, KaKro cfreABa" C.ire4 npoexrupaHe[ua Qurypara OA' ABO noflxoopAuHarrll']re ocru
I I sin q+p cos I I cos 9-p sin

g*,'cos t[l:d

g-rsin {-9,
d cos .?_

Cael

orK'bAero

sin t})-dcos g. npep-a6otnaHe'ea $yuxulzera Ha [JoJIoxeHHero cae4na[

p

+r(cos {

"

cos

g* sin9.

tJ):g+arccos
i;

p*
'

6
@ur. 10.4

KaKro

Cae,a au$epeuqllpaHe Ha ypaBHeHusra 3a Ilpoexql4lire , ce flonyqaBa

u OA:(4z+11"+2rdros+)' ;
t'fu
,p

-, _1_

:-

l:

(OA2-rz1z

ausefisara clzcreMa
i

0t2:st, (ta:!$(91:tt)' n0 'tg. gu gynxunxra ua florlo)Kellnero tp:t|(9)oHa_ry1":jt-:*"Y *rui*;ffi;"1'0:A; ;. n"nuuoou +:;u'+'4',r,' rcraeio ;or''ao
IIeHBEeCTHHT ycKopHllfi
,,,

: * I cos * p sin ar, , cos cp. J*-rcos ol,. rt-{l sin q+p cos g}. urt
"1la r sin tlr . coz
(
W

cp) .

110 HegggecTglilf:

!_

,i,. :erctcr,: i!l{Jr,, 'fl--qr!r5 sr/ LUry

AB:ir2 +E +2 r,tcos 9) l,
1,.1

Seperiulrratiir llo
sin

rJpill,itl'l'o
rl;

Cliolloetn I ll ton. 3a yc:{OpeggstTtjt Cne,4 Etopt! A}icf cTI']ril i.c nl;serinarfi cucrciuS:^

*.i-rsitt
cp.

s*:il

fl c;r - t\tt" B
.}E: arcsin,p*6! ; k {Agz *q9*

c*s
fll

l-rcos,l

lz}'}\2'

cc"cq:.1r'r,i.. "+-/ cos {rc,;-f i,- j cos ep-l- p eil'l qr) e,r' . on* {J ccs c1,*p sin r;)e'ri+* sin qr*l u, r sin tltoj * {J srrr g: + F cc$ qf) . et

sjii

o*

p cr,r.

r1

)of-2

*"

llpoerurxpanero ua Snrypara OAA' B' BOffino K[}0p&ffiilarHttre ^lc,cu

0l

u Oy eo4u go

fio

fler-r3Becrlrl,lTe ycldGtr)elrldfl

iJ

sin

$:-(p-

&) cos

a cneA 4uQePeHuHPaHe no
210

I.l*cos

{f(e;&)

sin

{:7

{*r

3i1 q cos e'

Ea Bb3ltox{HocT 3a aBToMaT'I1t3I4paHO IlSCr'IeABaHe Ha ABn)fieHHeTO HA MeXAHlrgMa. r{pee nSnom3ynaue Ha IlcAx'l.il,flula nporfiaMA CXeA BIB}K'

i' vt ,r: *r. 10,1.9. tr'{onoleyeartero Ha IIePco!{a"Iei{ Kounlorlbp flpaeeu'82 aa'

BPeMero

21\

/-*YqsvF

AaHe Ha AaHHr{Te 3a MeXaH?I3Mr{ Ce nonyqa-JT rrr.IcleHr4Te cTOTiHOcTH 3a noJlo)rdeHrrero, cKopocrra I,l ycKopeHngra 3a Bcr{rtKn SBeHa rr npoHSBOTEH TOqKH OT TflX B ABAH ACCCTTC NOJIOX(CHB'I HA MEXASI.I3MA. HA rpa$r,rKara Ha $nr. 10.1 rope BAncHo ca HaHeceHH nonyveHnre ctofiHOcrH Ha 'brJroBoro ycKopeHHe r{a 3BeHoro 5. CroitHocr[Te, oSHaqeH[

BecgBaulHfl r\'toMeHT Ha MexaHH3Ma 3a 3BeHOTO / '{pe3 rpasnqHo onpeAetflHe na paMoro ft (tpnr. 10.2, Ao.'Iy enneo).

C Kpbrr{e, Ca noIyrIeHH H no rpaSnuen ntr. 10.1.10. Pearqsure B'bB Bpr,BKETe Ha MexaHH3Ma B'LgHtIKBar or F, n ltorr,teHrure Bt,Hlrrnoro (rexnoaornruoro) HaroBapBaHe - cl{Jtara (rope, n'ltnro), ramo n M2 w Mu c'br,'racHo BaAaHLIero Ha Sur. 10.1 oT HHepq?roHHKre cr.rJrH. flocpe4crBoM nd'raHe Ha ycKopeHHrrTZI 3ii IIo. rroireHue 1 ($ur. 10.1, eAncHo) upee noAo6unre $rlrypn A.a2b,srAdBS, Kar{ro u qsucu-p$ug ca onpeAeJIeHH B'bpxoBere Ha ycKopeul{flTa Ha ireHTpHTe Ha rex{ecrra Ha 3BeHara 2 u 5 - ro'rrn ,S2 n 56 (crofiuocrxre Ha ycKopeHllrra ca AaAeHa Ao ra6anuara Ha KI{HeMarHqH!.{Te napauerplr). t{pes as", e5u, e3 fl 5 e onpeAeJreHo (oxr. 10.2, rope nrreo) Kr{epi{$onr{oro HarotsapBaHe Ha 3Bei#r'ra 2 u 5 (ocT?H&r'Ir.rTe SBeHA Ce CMfraT Sa 6eanrlepruu).

Axo ce ,ll,onycne, qe BIHIIIHoTo' (TexnonorarlHoro) Haro' Ha uexaHpl3Ma oT F6, M2 t4 M6 e I{en3MeHHO, C ilporpaMaTa oT T. 10.1.9 MOx(e Aa Ce npoc",-Ietru 3a ErBaHaAecerre noJlox(eHHfi
10.1.11.
BapBaHe

Ha MexaHH3Ma

rropoAeHrl or TexHoJIolhqHI4Te ycHJIHfl II IIHepl{I{oHHoro HarOBapBaHe" Taxa ce onpeAenflT ga orAe.ltl{r4Te Bpb3KII cr-IeAHptre MaKCIlMad'IHH crofiHOCTH Ha peaKUlll.ITe:

HSMeHeHHeTO Ha peaKIIliHTe ts xHHeMaTHqHI.iTe Bp.b3XH'

il

OnpeAennHero Ha peal{qur.rre ctr,'tacuo yrda3aHutrra or ceAMa rJIar. 7.1,3a[or{Ba ot sait-orAaJleqeHara or BoAerloro sBeHo acypoBa rpyna, c'bcraBeHa or gBenara 4 vt 5" Crrnacno tadx. 7.1 oa rpynara (en4 II) cnen pas"'xarane I{a npeAfioJlataeMara peaKI{I{s B roqKa D e crclaeeno l,{o\leilTlloro vcJIoBI,Ie ga paBiloBecme K'bM roqxa C aa vcrurrlJ{Ta s'bpxy :leeHo 5 (par'leHara rra ff.lJlprre ce oilpeAeJlt{r rparsnu' ea,
KoMtroHe

O R8i'*:281,4 N -e roqKa Rfr'^:281,,1 N -gB roqxa.,4 nrbsraulara Bpa,3Ka Ri'i"":488,6 N - B r{oHrypHara Bp'bsKa Rffi"*:570,5 N C Rflu*:488,6 N -s roqra -e roqra D R&":414,6 N
I0.2. PA3PAEOTBAHE HA PASI{EJIA CHHTES

(noroNeurae (noaoNeuue

l2)
.12)

(noaoxeHre 12) (no;roxeHne l2) (noaoxeur.re l?) (no,roxeuue l2)

ItA

IT,PFHTIEH MEXAH t!3'['M

l',

no). C.neg oflpeAent{FIe Ha

't'{'{Sm

nrala fti, or peaKil,t{rlra Qr- e no'

Il"bory acYpsilara rpyna. liats'F'p-

-'

"qo.rsara gaAaHHs ga cI4HTe3

BC.IIEqI'IH14:

qacr Ha ra6n. 10"1+-i0.5 ca noKaBaHH Bapr.iaH?nre jJa na rrp6uven Mexanr43rbrrr. 3anasar ce cJreAI{Hre

cTp{}ei{ q,riaH-bT rrfl CHr'il.rTii, AeiiiCrnjrslLIII{

fil]r{Ba ce {-' !'{ei{33JCfiifl'0'yci{J'I14a.{;", o*rnu:t{i ce R':i1Ll:t.I clriln

xy 5, ilir,o.rlb7Irr{3Bl ct c ycid.Tr.!afa. /iJ,eriiJ.'g1vila'u"} BLri-t)iY',1 ('r:r.<iana nnnli,r) lt Ce :l?rl oill-Lir13 C He13:l3C"ir]'1 f l r)3c:iijii,+ 'l:ir, C r.rne CJ rllli)3Ie.n3fix i.l3frr;ririrJle u l-p"ila3r';) {,?rr lt ;.11'). i3a rp'1,rara H1 pr.J?ii:l t? 'l tt :] (cti::l il;i,l.,i:ital: itt itp:11iIil.l-ltacirfitT& rlilJ.i(i111|d it ToJdl ,4 1 C rttl''13;ii,l 3.l y'J,rI?3{: 3:l f}llJ,iiJ:; t.: {s"t i{tixlTa :Lip1,rIi]] L' OilJ':.4r: It:'.t{t1 X*r'''l'lt}.lc,lilit'a 1-{ir Cne,l TOBl C ijeKTOpl{c j''arto-t I: 3.1 jJ:i.r,:i)lll {l il't ,t'l t.lla ab':i.;{ 3lliiclo.? cil oirpcr!l i-} laK.lirir B i-pyira - ti (il'Hacflr Ba ffurie,1,lar3rrccrdtl 3:trr3[rrlirilrr{ [reri]BeHei{ }.,{exaH{.i3bM i6ea ifo}ITypga rpi,3'<a), cblilflTe pealtq,nu nr'gHrrrKBar ri n Korrryp}Infl. E ro3i4 cnyqafi e -vJ.o5Ho uaii-uanpe4 Aa ce onper,e"rl,I fro, c *ooneHToBo yc.[oBHe 3a parJHoBecue Ha SBeir,oro 2 rtHt TorrKa A, c.tIeI KOeTO C BeKTOpHO yc,noBHe 3a paBHoBeci{e Ha cauorO SBeHo La ce onpeAenH lI peaKunfira R roq,r<a ,4 F,,,. - Ha peaKqr.rrdre 3aBTipruBa c HaM[IpaHero FIa ypaBnoOnpoAenssero 212
{'{ p.rrl :ili!IiITC .htrr, i'r,'i{*,. Jie,'t if s:ipe lin ii'r rai{.i r)ir:l?llt.rt,.rii.!
l'i I I

ponxoBa xodsnnqa (PI{)" xo6r.l,rnua (TKr;

Tr{n'br na rcp6nrrnuff

rapenxoB ii,'r'bsr-aq (Tfl) ur'rn

Mexaur.r3'bM

-_ c poJrr{on rrx63f,air (PQ.

c
lll

rape,'rKcea

(ft) u;rrr Tlr,rotsrirr ('$) xon Ha r.rgn'bJrrrure.lr]oro BBeHo; -,ruuerluusr * npn Mexarru3Mi{ c ponKoBa xo6lr;rsqa It,Jr}i(tiHiiia sa r<odnlnqara 1?; cl(opLlcT o! Ha fbpdriqiiTa; -'L,f.lroBara -**xcerfliqlrelirbr li; :a n'rai;clrua,rHara cr,^'iilrotr Ha RT()para rpeAaBaTe JII-r* {ir1''nKLU,ifl ;

-- 3ti llttXaXlllJpiii C 1l0"rii.;A - r'lOIlj CT!{l'i14flT };tri-J ria fipelair;lre

{laacrfire lotii{t .io !:cn, fni

tia.

10.? ri il).[]i ca paei;...6;re uu ts r.tiri..{l c TOtl}ilrl'it c i,-raA;jtil.'t:r ti. I l: llc.rrlr;:i ir.'r'i,. .i tt r. I {. p,,'.,:.! t-,:'- 14 ot i;rir;r. ii.tr ie. ;;:i:,,ila :iiu.:ori'a,; ti& 3j_ifj:,taj LiIliS :iiii;,i'::. :,r;i:l.iTi] lllla"lij_
tJ [.ii ]riii ilrir
,.1

tl

IL lir

itli;;l.rll.i i:rl"

r1.i

il
s.iJur e"(?), e'(g) 11 a(g) 3a MexaHI'IsMHre c Ko6H,luqa ce nocrpogBaT Aua IiaA flpyra B oTAeJIHH KoopAnHarHH cHcreMI{. 3aRotlsa ce c H36panara erofa fipeAaBarenua Syuxqun s"(q) u.ln-1"(q)'-fgflr"o. ce Fo'

crpo""a

e Aoruata cacr na frurypata ($nr. 10.6,'10.7, 10'B)' 1r ce res6npa n6ixo,qsui vaqa6en MoAi/n no a6nocrpolBane ueftaoro

cq'cara

6-" "Y

9q+-*,ot9' iad .^ .. r ..\ mm YoTYonTYf,

a [o, q", n q" orceqKE, mm' c'borBercrBYeas{r na Saeoaure btJIH. :g#"IyTe. E* raou gaBlncnMocr orcellKlrre 9o, 9or H ?n Morar Aa ce npueMar opnearnpoBbr{Ho or cto6paxeuuero 1 mm or TgXHaTa AbJlxHHa Aa orroBaprl na 1, 1,5 wnw.2o or tpasonure br.ltn. orceqrlile go v gn ce paSAenr{T Ha paBHrI r{HTepBaIH c A'bJrxHHa or 6 Ao 12 mm, 6poat Ha Ko?lro Mox(e Aa 6r'Ae eAuaK'bB H,'IH pa3.11uqeH 3a ABaTa @aaonn lmu. flolyqeHl{Te [oCJIeAOBaTenI][ 1OJIO)KSHfiff ce HoMepnpar c 0, 1, '2, 3 tr r. H. I,lZ6upa c-e ttaaxCtlltaJlHara opAunara b1 Ha BTOpaTa EpeAaBaTenHa $yHrrlnn'B rpanI4lr!{re or 4ii ao 80 mm fl ce nocrpoflea rpa$uxara ra-aa 0<g<g,. HauaHlr 3a irocrpoeHlle Ha s"(9), a cbulo E nonyqa' Banero ri s'ip) u s(q) e rIoKa3aH 3a pa3nur{Hnre 3aKoHH Ha Slrrypn' re or 4.2 to''4.7. llocrpoeurnrlr ua rpaQHKI'Ire npes $asosun 'brbJl pn ca flHit,rlotltr{Hl,I, KaTO [peABapI{reJIHo ce npecMflTa MaKcHMaJIEaTa opAHHara Ha BTopara npeAaBarenna SyHrqlrfi 3a ro3l'I @aeon lrul
K3Aero go, gon I{ go ca 3aAaAeHHTe tpa3oeu lr.lrn, rad,

4 e
e"
It

no

rfopmy.rrara

Ebr:b,(PY': \Ytrl
flocoqeqara BaBHcHMocr e BaJI[AHa caMo 3a eAHopoAHH cnMerpr.I'
Hu 3aKOHIr H Ce n0nyqaBa cJIeA HHTerpHpaHe Ha BTopaTa npeaaBaTen' ua Syuxqrar. C rara npecMerHarara opAI'IHara br ce ocfirypsBa no' ,'ryqaBaHero Ha eAHaKBIi nnoulu Ft Y Ft, 3arpaAeHlr or rpaQnrara na ni'pBara llpeAaBarenua synrcqnr H a6cqncnara oc 3a Sasnre Ha orAaJreqaBaHe n npu6naxaeaHe. Taxa ce rapaHTl'rpa BpburaHero Ha MexaFTI,I3MA B I,I3XOAHO NONO){CHi{C B KPAfl H BCC.KIJ KI{,IICMATHqCI{ UHK:bJI. 10.2.3- 1A.2.5. VKasaul'Iqra 3a orlpeAeJlal{e Ha ocHoBHI{re pa3Mepr{ ria MexaHr.r3Ma n rpaSuuuo npo$n.rrxpaue ua rr,p6ul{ara ce c},A"bpx{aT B .{eTBbp'ra rnaBa. 10.2.6. LIpes npeAaaprlreJtrio [IoArorBeHa rlpolpaua 3fl npco]la''-lH

KOuniorl,p ilpa*eq-82 [pII B:L'Be]I{AaIle Ha AaHHHTe 0'r 3aAaiinet0 aBTolrarr.llrHo ce oilpeAeJlrl B't'3MOiI{Iiara o5Jlac 3a UsSlrpane Ha ocrIl,JllH{ire pa3l,repri Ha
Koi\,rari.q:r

l.tsof5paxenugro I{a }4exaHI'I3Ma, I{aKTo Ii ril'{cJIeHlire AaIt}lsI Llpee c'r.oreerHa "g,1r,rq:gil {rocpAliuarn }ra ro-.{r{I{ or npo$rna ua rtp6rrqala).

MexaFl'r'13}!a.

flpn neSpauu oclioBIII{

pra3r,{epl{ ce

ce

o11peAe"rrfi itso6pau';e

nltero Ha rr,p6ilria c

Mp{lJIIl{a.{l{i'I

p::l'.: ll)

II.

2i t

,r
t.

'ra peHI}eToellacoqeHogglon}lT.e.HHepuHoHHaTacLIJIaeHacol{eHa ro'll Hsrep'an IH'e ce B cn*a fi"iop*. cJleAoearerHo H'epquoH'ara 3a aa ce naderne KollTyplrara ABoHIIa' Ha cTpeMIr KGM ,orBapflse" *pyx(l{Hc gBeiroro HaroBapBa AqnbnHHrenna ce 2 ,orrrygHe.o HeoSxoAlltuo Ha ,u'Bonu'ara"[e "ok crn". Sd ra ce ocnrypn$sarBapsgero "a Aa ce cl]aald HePaBeHCTB0TO F,r(s)>@(s)-G, B Koero npyxc{}lHata cnna F"ffiu HHepIIHoHHara cI4JIa @ ca Eyurultm aa uoJrox(eHHeTO Ha MexaHHSMa, T. e. Ha s; I{HepqHo}IHaTa crdna e }IAt 16aJlena C Ter$OBHaTa CHna HA SBSH6TO 2, rxfi Ka?O Ta3&{ Cl{iia }Bo JrHqaEa lraroBapBaHero B KoitTypHara BpbBKa npH yCJtdBIde, ue;laneuoro 2 ce ABn)gil BeprHxaJIHo HaA rlp6tlqara. 3a onpeaeesne Ha npyxl.IHHara cnJla ce usnoaoynaflu3pa3x'r

Ha MexaHI{qHI{re napah{erpl{ 3a c}Ifioaoro MexanrrgMl,I c IoCT'bnaTeJIHo ABI{Xeqo Ce r"rp6nUHH Sar"up""a npil nocTpoeHns Sarolr Ha ugnbJIHHreJIHo sseHo e noxa3aHo ua Qnr' 10'5' Or qacr qe ntpBa Ha B n'bpBara Qaea n BbB BTopa' vcKoDelluero ce BH)KAa, e naio.Ieno narope. 3a 2 Ha sBeHoro ycropenrero {"'-,;".;;;b;; {;il ule 6aAe Hacoqena TGSlr HllrpFann HHepqEonnara cHJIa Ha 3BeHoTO np!3 mopara Ha?ucK' c HaAony il IIIe HaroBapBa KoHrypHara ABoI{qa qacr rperara n'bpBara @asa y*mu npes n"leu"u Saia
10.2.7. OnpeAeanHero

ae Ha rrp6nuen NrexaHH3bM C porHpaqo H3IlbJIgHTe,]rHo gBeHO Ce r.I3-. BbpIxBa no aHaaorHrleH HaqIrH, Karo BMecro c npeMecTBaHero s ce pa60rn c brb.rra Ha 3aB6-praHe Ha r(o6Hn'rrara 4 H BMeCTO,; C6C Cr{aara Fnp c MOMer{TU u"r. Torana naqa6lr *a ono"en"r- Ha }r'ep- cKiiw r{r'roHHH?e Ha ro6u.rrrqara (nuecro nHepr-IHo}ffara cHJla ay ule 6tAe

;;A-';"

ffi:r? .,Jc.ku,
*5AeT '/" e uacoanar HHeprrnoHeH MoMeHr na eeeaorofr2 cnprrMo ocra c. 3a npyxrnHara KoHcrar{ra Ha cnupa,nHa npy*nuru$f*ocraBe}la oKoJro ocra C) cneABa Hopasr,r
c*

=f

iE

T.

Axo noAo6ua
qeHa B ro.rra

npy)xr.rHa ce 3aMeHr.r c tnHeftua (snHroaa) npyxura,foxa_ ,4 na rodnlnqala (nepneHAnryd,tfipno Ha cpeAuo ro ft, noroxenne), [pyx(HHgara Koncrar]Ta rrle ce onpe.ueaa c rrprn6rrenre.u-, HA?A SABI{CHMOCT

&.1 .*C": Ce i"-AC, .

Ar tr'r,p6uueH Mexanu3'r,m c poJrKoB nJrbaraq (@xr. 10.6)

i:fi(s):lc'0,*{#,i
&(6Aero

I (npeaeapurenna}u.nnf; uoHraxua ;$ciln a; c rdollc?anTq s-npeuecrBauero Hasnesori 2. l1a $u-npyxrmxara rypara e nocrpoena qpea rpaSuvtlo erlIMHHlIpaHe Ha br,sJl ? 3aBucnu-ot6a S":S"(s). npH rrrt:gsnst raeu 3aBp^cuMoc-f orroBapfl lI Ha rpa$uxara O 1i1,1c m-auraSeu MoAyn k5-m2alk,,..Ha rpnrvpara @(s) e HaMaJile$a'ctc croftHocrra FIa rer,xoBHara cnna'Cr-d_:f+:*i+:. .tS
.F

g; u

MHI{I'IMaJIHara

,rrhr,,

fpa$mrara Ha npyx{t4lt}tara cl{na s c'blllara KoopAllgarHa clIC?eMa a tilndfiHa -- npanafa nnul,tti F"p(s). T-l,fi raro e seo6xo,u.l't,uo cs,nara f%e rp Aa 6rA,e no-ronsma or pas{'IfiKara @-G, ilpaBara {Arlanparlata npyx(nuhara cuna) ce ilperapBa BAtlclJo or @ is) TaKa' r{e crc'firioc' TIITe, OTqHTAllll OT Hes' Aa Ca no"ro"r{eMH '0T FflSJIIrxara t-'b(S)-G, C 20-+400/o (ea cmrypuocr)" .[,ocrart'qFlo e ToBa l4sricxBaFle .]i.a ce Cna' gI{ gA rdaKCrIM0.,-I}I&T6 Croiirtocr na 'S (S). Mnnllvarsata Ci:,rftliocl' HA ilpylKtrlrlial'a caJla ts padornr.in .qllane36!l ce oilpeAe,tfl, tlr c.;lerluilTo
ycd'loBlle: Ci{-'larA .An ce fiI]yJlpipa np'}r iloJIo:HeHLie

Har{Br'I.

I43n"b.rIHHTeJrHoTO 3BeHO e lZ:20 mmr. :?0..S*1. CrOfisoCrnre ua $aeoeltTe 1,rJlln Ca C'L,orBerHo go:80o, 1"":4{11^u ?o:60"; AonycrHMBfir ]'r.r,Jr r{a npeAaBaHe Ha cd,'rara e 0oor-49o. Iraspa6ornaHero Ha 3a.{aHHero e nor{a3airo ua @r.lr. 10.6. Ba yep ToiKHa ,r,:1,,'rlxnHa Ha orceqKara, iiofiro x:odpa3rea rpnre .br6ftaooB!{ na, e ilpner pa3e,!ep or tr80 mm, T. e. vaniadrrusr r,ro;1yn no ocr.a p, e *., :9,1-'t174 radi rnrill. l" [4s6upa ce oplr.i-irara,ra $, lla rpapu"crra S', (p) e rDa]i:ttxprrs. or 40 ,to 80 urm {:la npqi,rela &l:4tr 1r tni-n). t)plrrrrarara'6,, ci.',lnl rpx6aa A;jr ce e"q4gqenn orfpaeeircrnoro ria iln{Juirlrc fi v fi-".

]' Aa ce npo$u,rHpa r.up6iaqara na.-rrpdriue' MexaHr{B'M c pox*o* nJrb3raq npn rpil'br.i,!'lHnKoB aaxoH (ft:B) na ycrcopelruero E 4EHx_
nHero Ha rr,'I'b3raqa. Xo4r-'r Ha

a :brtoBara CKopoCT

col

dotgsg xoA Ha nfJyll{flHara. 3a irpyxnHHara rrara irpy)ilirHHa cH,na ce noJlyiI*Bar I{3pa$I'nTe

Kol-lc?al-:Ta }1 htaKCHMaJ!-

{li2--ni3) ia nol pa'

$aiara po. B c.,ryuar; hr.:ilt.=41,ij mii:" [TacrpoflEa ce ipa$n1ara S"*.S"(E] aa ,!a;;ounn 'br.lJ-i eo. 2. fl;:ecm;la ce ol;Tn1a:ara /.r, rra- rnr; |ii'ara J,,i;r) sa Ll.r;i:rar.a
ts Kpas ua

3au{or0 rr;rrefpa.rJirera i(p:r8a .9'{,g} ce aqYrnca B Hrqa.rr0To

r: jd

ig1,

irt,rrn,,'"lli"-:Fl"+r.,1, \'i"

Onpegennuero I{a .}'{ex3}luqn!tre $apaueTpl{ 3a cmJ}oBoro Sarnapfi* 916

ti

{1 1,,ri, aliaJlofldr{sli 3anor{ti }in gBr;r}}iei{t{e sa i}le'lre riil or!t..irtrieBflrie u lcrf,Jil{l{{aEa}le i{ cJe-lBa o? np,i1l:lllHlBaHTo. ila [{,To1ljn'i'e F, vt F, B lfial.p,lLii.tra -9'*.9'(pi, ANo Ts e y:ii]8,{erllopsaa, JeEI4HT r,{ rec}rrifrr r(jjoF: ma rp.:ilHEara .9:Sip] r-lJe ce fio.'rlqaEar R c,lr]aKbn riaruld. ITnoiux_
?1trr,_:!t:\i BarTrrf

(i// oT t.:Bi:ti; .t'i:t td n.. 1 ?- \;, - i o' , J

l.l lir

)aT C

:.t.!

(la F, I.r Fo s surerpaJlnara rpa$nxa S'(9) aarar xoaah Ha nnr'erava ce nodyqaBa 10'6 or Srar' rono'ou"ir" 12 n' I3'1.3a npnirepa
''-e

s: br (#i : 41,5(#)2 : 7 4 mm. n sa 'Cnea ilpecMtrraHe lla &3 ce naueprana rpaSl'lxara S"*'S"(9) 'blrr.4 6agoutn *-1.'xo""ut St(q) ce HHrerpHpa npa@nuuo rpfi npl,ero noJf'octlo 'hr:143 mm' flolyuaBa ce rpa$nrara Ha rapBara np' ourot""it". Bolua Qynxqrrn S': S' (9). - "a. lil,rerpupa ce rpar]uuHo lr S, (g) npt{ npneTo ronrocHo pascTofiHa Syur<uunra Ha noJlo' t"e-'nr:si$"i*' Ilo,ryuina ce rpaSurara KrIoH S:S(,p). npi, rouHa rpaQHvua pa6ora H'sxoAflul'nr ;;;;t, npo' oc" B a6cuncHara ,i" siej (ea 4aion,nr:-.br.brr gz)' aocrara^Ao n Fr nnoqure Ha paBencrBoro nponep' ce ,i"In"itlurfi-rpr6na la l{Hrerpnpanero' ttpn
b
cP.a'.

fie Ha r{or{cTar.rTa H MI,tHnMaJIHaTa npyx{HHHa C[.rJIa, Ha ^npy)i{HHHaTa Sur. 10.6 Ao,'ry B rioopAwHarHara cprcreMa s"-s e- naerpureuo rpaSlruuo eJrrrniltnrtpane Ha fiapar,,rerbpa g. flo.rryuenara .u,narpaua s" (s) e H AnarpaMara Ha nHpqr{oHnara cnJra O:@ (s) 'i lraqa6eu MoAyJr k6 : ftLzu! k"" :5],,2. 202 . 0,002 :0,16 N/m. Cne,r iaivrarssaHe Ha orpriEaredrfiara crofinocr r{a cillara (nacoveua Hatope nprr ABHXeHT{ero
F{a LI3{I'bnt{gTei'IitOT0 eneHO) C BeJIr{qI,IHaTa

u'

: 02 : s

io -fi;:ro"op
Sur. 10.5

!'rl

: 12'3 mm
fra
npy)KlrHnara

rlocrpoeHa aHadrrotrrqHo Ha

Ar.rarpaMara

cxna. Orqnra ce Ffo:Ffr"':Ffo .hq:25.0,16:4 N n ce npecgffrar cborBerHo xoeSaqneurbr Ha eracrnrrHocr r{ npyxuHHara cr{na:

.F3 unH Aa ce norlpcll AonycHara rpeuxa ce np& '- " np.nop'Lr{Ba ce aeyr<paruoro rpa$uuuo HHTerpHpaHe Aa .tseAe B qepHoBI'I ulta c IbIIKI'I JIHHIII{' Axo opAnuarrTe a1 v as Ba saKoHa IIa ABnxeHIte s (p) (uan a (p)) ;;?; ; tiQ ;; rpaSuxara HaroJIeMH' caeABa Aa ce ilpoMeHflT noce nolyqaT MaJIKH-IIJIII MHOIO rpn6ea Aa saelllar paBHoMepuo ","nocur,Ire pascrorHl'Ifl. Tpnte rpafuru
none. 'x{eprolKHo "

,-u-! tgr:##. f.s

FS.

tg 58':0,512 kN/m,l +512 .0,02: 1 4'5j N"

- F:o+ c - h :

E. ftp6x,ren ilexaHn3bu g;;ponloua ro6unn{a (enr: l0.Z)

5. flpeclrlnrar ce Maura6nure uogy;tlt: Ha llorlo)Kel{nxra S (q): u1 "i 6y"*rll{flra

!- -u'0.2 : h.: 'h10mm

0,02 m;

o.ooo5

-j1- ,

xrAetoYft:20 mm:
u"paSuxaTS (9);

i:40

mm

"'--f)

orcer{Kara

or

nonyqeHara

:0,16 m H xoA {:30";'br.rroBara cKopocr ua rtp6uqara e t'lr:40s-1. Oaeonure GrJrI{ ca c'borBeruo paBHH H&l rpo:l20o, goo-40', go:90"; Aonycrr..rldrfrbtbJr Ha rrpeAaBane Ha cunara 0uon:{$o. Perueunero ce r.rgB'bprrrBa aHarorur{Ho Ha rrpeAxoAHara saAaqa.
BcHqxtr flocrpoeHr.tfl ca noKaBaHH rua Qnr. 10.7.

Aa ce flocrporr upo$urtr ua rrp6uqara Ha rrp6aqeH Mexaur.rsbM poJrKoBa ro6nnuqa ttpz npaBobrbJrrr'nKoB aaxou (,ft:4) Ha ycrcopeHIIeTO B ,IlBtr)r(eHaeTo Ha [Jr],3tarla. Ko6H,'urqara e c .4urxnga R:

na, ntpnara npenoAHa

h,,s) ua,mopara
k,,,

*,k:#ffiu
IIpeBoAHa

Syrqffi S'(q):
:o,ooo5

i;'
#

i. flpneua

ce go-80 mm H ce onpeAens
ha

cao

po

*80 -t2o

" -n IBJ-"''--\nol

q262

+5' mm
mm.
3aBrrcr.rMocT-

Syurqnn S, (p):

: -#F;:

rz3:H,zn-

2. flpner,ra ce br:40 mm. 3. flpecrraxra ce bs or rlspa3a

o,oo2

( n"-\' be: b, -'\q,I

4. Ilplreua ce
"ra a"

40 "

/ t?)'=.7 - i

,n*aro'na
lI 3 Il
'}:.iri lIl?

CnpenennneTol]a0CH0BHI,{Tepa3MepuI]aMeXaHItSL{a.UHaqepT&. npo$H.ra ua rup6nuara Sertro noscHeHo S r. 4"3.1. 3a onpeAenflIie Ha fiapa[{eTpuTe Ha I]py)l(I]HaTa' Heo6xo,ltll'ta sa
C.'rH

*r:il8
(10).

mrn Lr ce fiIlrerpapa rpa,$nqHo

a" (?).

CIlji0B0ToSaTDapglleliaKoI']TypI{aTaBp'b3l{a,cenpecMflTax{acaTaHa
0'l

5. C ro,rloc.ro pagcrofllrne lgr:35 mrn ce r{ju'bprrrua rpa$nuno

I{rirerpi.rpane rra a'

-!Lle1l0 C'bl"4ar '

ilo

3fl AAHI]eTO

?,86 ' 103n ' C'033 '0'3* 0'2 kg' o6eMT'T Ha encl{6aTfit{ B 3a/Ia}IHer;ilr"II. eTo p, e x.rTr'lHCC1T;i, ^'iurtt,it,-,'r'p. CncpeA yxta3al-jLfiTa no-r'ope ri {:nr' 10'5 aa ofipeAens-

ffir- f 'Vt:F.1.1?g2

A yr-

0,3

/io:

6. llpecntnrar ce l,tau{a6uwre r,{oAyJxx: a) ua $yur<qlrsra Ha fto,'ro]KeHr.dnra a (+):

""

* u: " :6,3194 -l{, ko:'!' d 5U IS0 rilLfl

21s

FS'.:i.Sl+d,.
KbAero {:50 mm ce orqnra or rpa$uxara o (9)' '6) orceqKara ripesotua na nbpBara Synxunn a'(9):

,lt .

AC:0,12+6:5.30.1h.0,p8 -0,3g5

kN.

C. roea ca onpe.(eneHn MexannrrHilTe mpamerpn'pa roncrpyxTrBrloro @opurue Ha npyxnnara.

p",:3n) Ha ntopara
npeBoAHa

0,0113$t
SyHrunr a"(9):

B. ftp6nven

Mexanna:bm

c rapeJrroB nnb3raq ($ur.l10rS)

6r.,rn

u"":h:#ffi:o'ol14*
pasMepn flocrpoeuunra Ha rpur. 10.7 3a onpeAenflHe Ha ocHoBHl'Ire B paaraeAaHn 6nxa rlp6n4ara Ha npoSaar'rpaue n Ha MexaHHgMa

Ha nroparalnpeBo,4Ha ca cror"er"o -po-tlb;, fi gn:l10o. Xollr Ha rapenKara e ft:50 mm. fon7fr" !q PaspadorBanero Ha ra3u saAaqa e noKaoano na @ar. 10.8. IIpr cborBernoro rpa$uuno r4HrerptlpaHe e x(ena?e.nso nonrocnr{?e pas0yn*tlx"- loaexnsure
y_a Saeoenre cTofiHHfi Aa He ce npHeMaf npolr3BoJtHo,
pasa

KoB nJrB3rarr npn trl,tueeH 3aKoH Ba g3MeHeHne

,4a ce nocTpon npo$n.rrtr Ha rrp6aqara B MexaHnarmlc rapen-

r.

4.3.2. 3a onpeAe.rnHe Ha rapaMerpnre Ha npyxl'IHara' ":99"911l1-^:.a. HHepIIEoIl' cn,,roBoTo SaTBapflHe rla x0HrYPH?Ta Bp'b3l{a' c npecMflra *'"0"*uttu"atponrca"a rion roqrara na'ntpiene C: onor"""

a Aa ce flpecMerHa" or

r{3-

"r",

ni

J"*Jf6*pr. 7, . Rr:

K'lb.lero o n Vo ca nllrsocrra u o6eulr Ha ponKara' Cluactto npy4'HHara KoHcraHra H N'ItIHlIMad'lHaTa O"i. fO.S sa oitp.n.nsHe_Ha n'i<obp^unaT'ara cI{cTeMa cc"-a e H3' 10.7 Ha cnJra npyxnHna {ur: rpaS,uHoio ennM'HupaHe Ha napaMerbpa_ 9. flo.rryveHara ;il;;; : Iri.pu"u "i oiore""a Ha nnepr{ilonHgre cItJtI{. Ha xo6Rnnqara M$ :f (") e cfi,naua6eH luo.u,Yrl

-0,2.

0,2 R2+p.n.13.0,3.Ro'.R?: 0,162+7,86. 10$. m .0,0242.0'3. 0'0S' 6,162:0,0138 kg m2'

:o#t:38 mm. f B toea cryuafi croiiuocrare

hr:hz:

na nau4a6ur.rre MoLynH 3a opAnHarr.{Te na rpHre rpaQuxn ca eAHaKBr{: kr,,:kr,-ft5, r. e.

o,olJ:o.ool t-l :' k,: - L: mm 's h 50 k" k" . m : k-:.'cfr.. 1 hs':'E;t::-1j-:0,001 r* ; fr""j,"t-':::0,001 -tk*

"

mm;

*q*r*

-k

kt1: al

ft

.t

fr" =

4L20,C 138.. 0,01 14

A.252 Nm,'fim'

Aro ce npene6penre BJrr4rrHneTo Ha re{:noro sa xo6Hllltqara H ponKa" tut""p*y'yc"n"ero B Konryps.ara Bp63Ka (t.-e. aro rup6n111a pa'6oru s i,oiusonranua panHI'llra), na ipnrypaia e noxalana rpa$nrara Ha MoMeHra Ha npyxr4nr{nre cHJrH CnpffMO roqxa c. 3a npyxltuuara
ycXt{or{CTanra Ha CflupanuaTa npy]KI.IHa fi MHHHMafiHoro (laOuraxHOrO)

3Y I4:paaunBaHero ua laaula6unre MoAyJ'rr{ k, n kr,, fre.ll"neo6xo,nnnro Ba\4uperrHo nocrposBaue Ha cyMapffiara rpaQni<a S+S", qpes Ko{To. ce orpeAeJrfi pa:uyctr Qo Ha ocriolHara oKp:blr(Hocr na rtp6nqara. Topa qocrpoerfrre u npo$unrpanero Ha rup6r,rqara ca pa3rJtAaHH B r. 4,3.3, OnpeAe,rruero Ha [py)Kr{Huara cnna (ue e noKaaaHo ua @ur. 10.8) npn6na I.a ce HsB'bprua no Haqr.rHa or npnuep A.

nne cneABar crofiuocrute

tgt:ffi t*:?h,, uM?,o:

t).252

tg62":41,57 N.m/rad,
'0,252:9,58 N ' m''

M!;':l'fflo'Ar:aA

AXO nnrecrO CnrrpA,'iHa npylKHFIa Ce Hgn6n3yBa BI4ItToBa' KAKT6

e nOKoltr-

KmaHo B saAaHlie?o (m6n. 10.1-10.5), sa cTaHTa, MHHFMaJIHaTa H MaKCHMaJIHaTa npyxl4riHa cl{Jla

c

npylKHHHara

cneABa

s:

cq,ArC,

:41,57

# : 6,5 kNim,
;#:0,12
kN' 22r

FxX":#:
224

qil

EAI,IHAAECETA T'JIAtsA
TIPT{MEPTIH I,I3fI'bJIHET{Mfl PAEOTA TIO TiTlM.

fafi)t utt.::

HA

I-IACT IX

t'y' y' /.1a1t.1,,1,;'"Itt

OT

KYPCOBAT'&
l-

AHAd'l[{3 ffi CI4HTAS HA MAIII}4[{E*{ AFPEIAT

I

J:;'n 't' E u, srce.tv-l t!'.:4t!:!4i -__j

I
ti
/,2

!'.:.ntrri.t. ..I -- -*_.----

_,_.t

1 l'

,;,--r".-.....1

fI/ I //

rzl

la

/+
c.4 44

)
t!,v

3aAanunra sa paepa6orBane Ha 'Iacr II or KypcotsaTa pa6ora ca ce rloga3aH' sa ra6i. 11.1-:-11.3. flpn IIsn'bJIHeHI4e Ha 3aAannflTa roqKu: lla cfleAHI4Te paapa6otuauero u3HcI.(Ba 1. Cflnree Ha sl6eH MexaHI{tbM. 1.1. I4e6op Ha KflHeMaruqnara cxeMa Ha MexaHHsMa' 1.2. ,leonrerpfir{en cI4HTeS Ha II'IIaHereH MexaHHS'bM'

lolqs

{L' 'i

i;,

Ao 45
O3 -a35

-0/ -42 | 4z
rnr,

ooi

ms -Moog't Ha a.K, 42,3

- --.-u

4,5

tI ,'i

1.3. Hyneno uricrpyMeHraflHo 3ar{enBane' 1.4. O6llrHoBeHa eBoJIBeHrHa el6ua npe,u,aBKa c I'IaMecrBaHe' 1.5. CrnocraBflHe Ha napaMerpl'ITe Ha npenBxara' alpelar' 2. ,fl,nuarrantno H3cJ]eABaHe Ha Ma[II4HeH -.tlonp.a.JlfiHe u pa6oruara MatrIHHa ABn'.arenn Molqnocrra Ha Ha:cpeAHaMoIqHoCT$ano3I,IqnoHHHTecHnH;MoiIIHocTHaKHHeMaTHII. HHTe cH,'r'H c orritzraHe Ha MexaHltqHl4fl rcoe$uqHenr Ha noJIe3Ho

* =1
all

ffi *

-. f)
TI

+--\l Y; lljtri
c!
Yl

'" ,,lll ri, T''.1" -l;TlLza i iil %Tt-+r z a-T:rK[ {. ', 1 i;i"- |I +-l r T lal
-F
rr

Ltl

ru1:, I I 1-r r'

,1

?
s

l=-*I,t

*o

c'l

! r [--' \-\ L{ k5

l.s

\n
I I

t-

\ \
1.
a 6y

\
.

zIl s !) lT.l a .l "T

,t'

I \
tll

LBr

Aeictsue na sa,6Har{ Mexa}tr,t3'bM; HOMI{HaJIeFI MOMeHT n xapaKTepl.{c$ TI4Ka Ha KI'lHeMaTI4rlHI{Te CLlflIa' 2.2. OnpenefiqHe r{a MaCOBHTe napaMerpl Ha 3BeHaTa: MacoBH napaMeTpi,{HaMoToB?IJIKaTa;ToqKoBMoAeflHaMOT0BI-IJIKaTaI{ToIIHocT IT Ha MOAeJra; MaCoBtt napaMeTpll ua gl6sn KOr'Ie'rI31 KOJIfiI{OBri Ba.tIOBe poropl'I. ' 2:3. Onpe.len,llre lia MaCOBr4 H CI{,'I6BLI napaMerpg: noCTosHHa r{aCT qacr Ha npl{na riplree,relrr4fi ,i",!acoB l4Hepql.{oHeH MOMeHT; npoMennr{ts4 Mollenr FIA fif}l4BeAeH (Altarpaiun); BeAeFrrie r\1sCoB IIHcpill{cHeH \,loMeI-{T

,[\;

ry!: m?!.

qa*:^a.r I

--T -l
l-. l< t\

.W;
^t&;i
nan

**

-i t__

lJ

Itro3iiLi,i,1olrllgre c!J"rlri i,ltatpanta); cpeAefi r'1oL{e}i'r Ha il{iSiaui{oHHIITe fi g M 0&t e f{T' C i,tJl I,l 14 ilp r) Il.l'l pl(.1 i) il tl 8\1{jl}3,ilIl 14t1epuH?.,1. li:ii:irgr:prcl.fii{3 Ha 1y'CT;11{Otreijg.q peil'ii'l1{i L{Oliii:iT ili.i jl.IIti::i\{LiHll$ ar-1':iItT.e cil"ill,i riil ilfiillrialli.'llTiloTo .4nil);itHrIe 1rxufli-pa11'3);

\ I \-2e \Y+^ \ tt L-- --Z:"7--*k \ rl K 1r.h\mr** *l '51J s \qYl-:r3.kzf*

{ k\", -&iS<-{"

#w
4"
70.4

Ni t.r.l
+l .

500

.tooo /400

20a0 2doo 3900

P,mm -290 340

-t.

go._ 2+O

/30r'70

30 /20
4.26

2.ti

w
ei

3
a2a

6A

45

;;1
23*
t'

zol

1%

='lt

o,22

D2'

a30

=n;,
'tl

I
ll

I
I

.. t_,**_!*"" srI_-,._ .f -" """"

"ltsr \{r-I
l;!11
1

i ka\ dI
ffi -_:, ++l lr__i.

1g l5 16 /7 lt 3.i_ L4. qt ca5 a.qn q,"5 lo l05 lne * eimlo f_fu:f9-gl@ilg_ ;1,/ 7ru

r*-- |

A3

'.t

pf 1fir j, .t?-o,r, , t,,.n, tr, .

Lr:l;I nLri{ eK* i,i,ilr-r,ti1il' ;ilil ili';,1i1:liT:1 llniilrp;llti;r'll li'i.),li[i)l{flil!it{ riff I'flAI;}ll;tI CTi)Cr1^\iir1itrl,:{.l i: t;()p{-lC'lf i-r" P-]l L,ii) 11 I ti'i llll l:rl ri ii il r:;iliif ir)' (l i: i'i i']i ilfl 2. ii. l\i'i :i :< r;rt'ti( I i"l ;ji t til 11 l1 e i;,.11 o] I
1.1 1-1

B:.llii :l;.1lj"ili,ii.{llI l'"{rijliriilllir'jil'i iii.l i:lirl.iir:llll roli l1J !-if,ril';; $':eCi)Ij lri i iil;rUri'.lIi':!tr ttrtriLr i'i ;ta e rr I prri''ltlt'i;l }llfiMt11'f li;i ;\'{3}lOi:i!I;ifi . {-tCi:f iitlliLli:Lti c,:\ri ol.I c I r,] qTO iiA }r;l;{CttsEt';A' Ilr.,'I,ljI{: 1,,1fi 2.{r. lJamon IIe /:11111}iiet{t';e: cti{.}ficcr Hn I"iifini1,i'ltl ilfl,II iilrB *lJritnii,;tll clr iroJlo)lielil'reTo l4y i:i*ffipaua); iipoErepKil tra K0e'+rr.rtllseH?a IIa t.iNnaB' 11fl {r'ii' Hor4epfll)cT; npc,tspKa HA
per'ryMl,I Ha cffoF$cT'la. ' b,.2" fiyC'on pelx'r,r:
AEUIKeHI.{e
nOJ1Oll{CH?15tr1'3,

rj'bOTlr': t'i ll\ llA,iiri

npx6r'3ureJleH Atlllfftvxfirie* LI'A.JI; 3aK$II (anarparna) I{ nycKo8o Bpex'Ie'

Ha
l
ti

222

?5" 223
ti j

l,

fati,tucga lt Z l/Sadaaue Z ]
lDP

Ta0raqa /f.3 #adatuelf

o6k06odurnet:

C,ncdeqm:

gar

il.

G;;;1, { Jn;t*v,io,;fl t _J UY,lAry^! .!!!u,!1!J

zb-tztt /'j xa/-/u3
aM

.lQatutrye41

SbbEH MExAHUJbI"/
zn

/0
1,0

/1

/2

/3

/L
u,4

"f\

?[s tl

08 0.6 0.5

it

-9,2 q2. -43 035 -q4

fffi is \i $l
* |

,'nYt

sD

rLz@V s' lr- H

2
I

r9

lr

!t

*lI LJ!
l1_G':ii [.'t

lTi

':"o

fit - $eact fto 3"/{ 4 2,3

r '' ,:r t/__ 45

l,tu
lr'?7'1

l- 2 EL

Hi

b)
'lx

nr
fDr, '

-1,/ofu,,1 Ho J.K. 12,J *tl

\'

f,
"l

4 L] 6s?
.,..1

't-

//,

"t

ffil:[,W*fffirffir Hil t':FIli 1F3[ ij Bs

'n,.1
-o

r^, VJ

\{

fu-

"t| ..J
q

il \ s
-1.

q
I

i"f

,*LO

!"y'k,

=a*6oo -n.

'" l\
==rt

"+x:tu 1-E**
*l*5./06

.!n

$ { \ \
$

Ia
a"

s
.A

=n/c

miz475m)r; J*p-qzrqyz {ilr.J,, pg.mz;

s
[5 P-go aa KypcoBo npoekrtrpaHe

22^

226

O6uru yrcasarrxfl H nprrMcpnil IerrHH. flpnnqnnuara 6hoxopE cxeMa Ha arpetaTa e rIoKaSaHa rope BntBo HA BCSKO Or Tpure SaAasaAaur.re I (ra6a. 11.1) ABararerflr e c BbrpeuHo ropeHe ryl_B (ABf), c.rA.splraul JrocroB MexaHH3'bM, a pa6oruara- MarunHa e oT porarluoHeH rr{r: eneKrporeHeparop (Ef) nau rpe6eu nuur (fB), uan qertrpo6exeH KoMnpecop (UK). B sa,r,aHr.rg 2 n- Z (ra6r. 11.2 r 11.3) ABrzrarenfr e or poraqrzorieH rurr: acuuxpoHen ener(rpoABr,rraren (AE!,) uru nocroqgHoroKoB eneKTpoABHraren (flE[), uan rasoryp6uueu eaexrpoAnrararea (fT/I), a pa6orHara Marur{Ha c.bAcpx{a Jrocroe MxoHrfsrM. B .BanaHr.re 2 palarnara MaITIHHa e 6yralHa nouna ga x{ecBr.lBaeM Srynn (Ell), a B 3aAanre 3- 6yraaen xbnanpecop (6K)" 3a sr,6Hrds
MexaHH3lbM Ce SaAaBaT:

tl

HoBeHa

Ha gt6ure Ha MaJrKoro ss6Ho KoJIeJro ot o6nxrb6ua fipeAaexa 4,5 (za cxeMa I z*:2r); - Ha MexlyocoBoro pascToti!: La'*l m - orHocaTeJir{oro HBMeneH}re HVe As, IIa CT,UiaTa st6Ha [peAaBKa. Axo AeurateJrgr HJrr{ pa6orHara Marrr.rHa cbA.bp)fiar JrocroB },{exo. HHBbM, T.e. aKo {Br4raTen.fiT e rnn {Bf I{JIH aKo pa6otuara vrautr.rHa e rnn Efl ulrz 6K, ce 3aAaBar: Fmu*- MaKcr{ManHoro }rairfiraHe Bcpxy 6yra,tiara cnopeA raHAr4KIropHara 4uarpaua, MPa; p, V utu 6-cxelrara na JrocTotstrfl MexaHXBbM (peaoeo, 7-o6. paaHo HnH cpeulyflsns)Kno pa3noJro)KeHr{e ua qnnuHgpure); qecrora Ha B'bpreHe lra KoJ'rstloBrrrr BaJr (Nonnnoro ^ ,?r, - cpeAHara O.4), min-1;

zr:24-6ponr

:l qq

s
qI

a.

h:

$
"\
a{}

\_ \6 x\
$
!-!

YT +! l.J
\se a(\
F

t a q
"o,

r:OA Ha KoJrssoro O,4, mm; l, p, y -A'bn)r{r{Hara 6espasulepnure roeQuu"r.reHrn ga onpeAeJrnlre Ha ,q.blxdrrHara Ha MoroBHJiKara (l), lreanlertpa na 6yranoro (D) H KoHCrpyKruBHHfl paoMep (a) Ha MoroBHJrKara;
Dn MdKCuMar'rHara ,u,olrycrnMa HOMepr{ocT.

s
.1:

crofinocr na xoe@rque]rra Ha r{epaB-

t t
I
i

AerarareJrfrT vtru pa6orHara MaurHHa ca or porarr"on*u ,rnl r. e. aKo ABr,rrareJ!flr e rnu AEI nln IIFI itnn I*T!,, nJril aKo pa6or. Hara Marrrnaa e rr,rr El nnn lB r.rnn L{K, ce 3aAaBa: nc ct4uxpoHHara qecrora Ha B.bprene (sa AE[) nan

Axo

{ \*:$ IUS \.;

i: ri
r

,s
5

\
&
cD

nn:3640 min-l; -sa

226

ga s'b6ur-rrr MexaHu3bM ca 3aAaAeHV zv:12 u /:0,5438; ABnraTeJIfl Ca SaAaAeHr.r: p^^*:6,2 MPa, CXeMa Eo flrp: -3a :4200 min-l, r:30 mm, ).:0,366, p v:1,15, Dn :0,015; " -215, pa6orHara Marrrrrna e saAaAeH rpe6en EnHr c zry:ggS rnis-r" -sa Ilpunep /1 (aaaauue 3): et6Htls MexaHugbr\.r ca gaAaAeHH zM:14 n !:0,4; -ea 3a ABI.rraTe.[g e SaAaAeH nocTorrHHoToKoB' eJrerffpoABr{faTen c
pa6orHara MarrruHa ca BaAaAHHtpmar:Q,196 MPa,'cxeara V

Ilpuuep 1 (aaaauae

qeCTOTa Ha tsbpTer{e B OCTaIfaJIHTe CflyqaE nN-HoMIjHaXltaTa Tyr ca paepa6oreun cneAnr.rre ABa xapaKrepHr.r npHMepa.
1):

la

9)7

ql
:0,727,v : 0"636, b. : 0,028. n.p:286,6 min-l' r:110 mm, ).: 0,366, p Ha alilelarltre Ha Srar. 11.i e 'rloKa3aHo cxeMarl{r{Ho aso6paxeuue
oT ABara rlpl,Iltepa' Kouro
ca paepaSore H14 [aPa'rIe JII{o.
F{A 3'I'FE[I MEXAIjn3bM 11.1' PA3PAbOTBAHE I'lA PA3AEJIA C[4llTE3

KaTo He e BbgMo)KHo flo/rSyBar]ero Hra cxeMa 1. Tc"ft Karo no SaAaHr4e zu:za.:12 m lrs(30 zb<36. 3a Aa ce usdepar rroAxo/rfirrdu croliHoctil Ha rcoe$uqueHrure Ha

r, e. 3a5nuflT MeliaHiiS'L,1,{ ri{e 6'r'l,e pelyrTop,

H3rvrecrBarre,
lcl

raza

t^r:

/Ao6Ho e zu>.1,7*. Or<ouqaTeorso ce ua6upa zt:19. Toi, :1,583. 3a6e,'rq:ea ce, qe e,nHa or yAo6uure KuHeMaOT 3AAAHHCTO C 2, KSTO 117':l;n:*-lg

Paspa6oreaHeToI]asb6HfigMeXaHiI3.bMBKJtrioqBaonpe.I.eJlgl]eToIia gl6ure Ha sb6uflre My I(OneJIa' KI{HeMaTr{qHaTa cxeMa u 6pon ua Fta KaqecrBeHunpoSunupane Ha eBoJlBeurila npe,taBKa tr oflpeAeJltlHe

TI{ITHIT CXC},Ifl

c rorlnoiuaareJlll. Kypcouara pa6o'ra ce- H3B L'pulBa c]['ryacllo Karo xap'Ll]tl' " or 3aAaHI'Iero Ha eAIIH $oprlar A2 uenpoapaqHa . "" KHTe ot ,ort It or crleABaqr'" paieen ce o$opuq' e o6ua

3a

npururep

* lr io6-"4 ,p.,:!L: n.o

N{exaHr4g'bNr tt1e

r. e. sr6snsr
ior:

il;;il;";;;;3anflcKa.

ArianolH*{Ho Ha r{pl{Mep

ce uz6vpa cilopeA nr e qecroKbAero o6111oro npeAaBareJlHo orHo[IeHwe io6:ltnlNt'p.'*, 3& 3XAaHvre2n rara Ha B'bpreHe Ha ABI',Ira',reJIr (ea aa4aunl" i no-ncp',
11.1.1. Kuuer'rarnquara cxeMa Ha Mexafill3lua

6r,re cr'qo pe/{yr(To[r (cxeua 2:7\ npu zn -z+:14 ce ras6up& .zr,:)Q. Toraea DN i"l:1"428. L4s\wpa ce KHHeMarlIriFIara cxeMa 4, raro

"l9ig

286,6

:72,701, -

iw:
zw:tl,
Arco

itrn:
Htt

* : !;J9L. r+ -8

geo.

3no:n*),&n.p.v-qecrorara Ha BT'preHe Ha pa6orHara !11 cxeMlire Ha ,uiunra' I flp.,n:nN, a ga 3aAaHI'le 2 w 3 flp'*:n',)'t1a

gr,6utrre MexaHH3MIl

uauqlua

Motar Aa ce

3aAaHl{fra ca noKa3agll rpanulrnre' :} xonto orHolrletlllfl na pas'nnunHr [peAaBareJIHI'ITe trs6npar

or

Tl'lIIoBe ar',6un CTeneHh'

pa6orlr Karo Koraro loo)1, r. i. n,o>np. u, 3'l6nnfr lt{exaul{31'rt qecrorara np'M Ha pa' Ha B'bpreHe peAyKTop, tcoilro HaMaJIsBa nA \o sl6Hoclc 6otiruru *utrIHHa. B rosu cniiaa ABltrarerrr ce cB'bp3Ba 5 (e cxeKoJre.no et6soro ;;',;;;"; /, a pa6oruara Marrrr4Fra,-c.bc eAHo' ua 1 c'sc sl6Horo I{oJIeJIo 2)' Axo rplr roBa ioeS3' us5npa ce 1' na c"e*a clt'rraJlHara npaluunu ^^A^ Karo Koraro ioa.,,-l, "'- nu<np' '' 3t'5nnlr MexaHI43'bM pa6oru '' /up'M rlecrorara BbpreHe Ha r{y,nrt{nJluKarop, xofiro yBeJII{IraBa nr Aa Ma[II]Ha ce cB'bp3Ba cr'c na pa6orHara MaLII-[4Ha. Torasa pa6orHara gl6Horo KoJIeJlo 5 (e cxegr6uoro,KoneJIo I , a ArtwlareJlfr - cr"c ce c.uc gl6Horo KoneJIo 2). Axo npl{ roBa i"u=*; ue6wpa r,ra 1
cxenta
Karop

ce flspICKBa peaJlriSt'tpaHe lra ioo:0,05 npll z\:22, pecn. is:2, B'b31,{o)iiriHTe KliFlexlaritr{Hu cxe['{r,i u{e SrAar 4 w 'l , r(aro or t I . I .i.6: c,'relBa i in: ir. : 10, .'1;;; -" ";:tfm

ce

Aonycrxe, q

uprr ns6apa

aKo ce lre6epe cxer,ra 4. 11.1,,2. ['eornrerpltunr4fiT cll]ire3 FIa IiJIaHerHIll L4e]iaHI{3'bM ce cBex{Aa Ao onpeAeJrtine Iia 6pon na 3'E,6I4re sa slSnnre KoiIeJIa u 6polt Ha careJiarr4re. Cnasaar ce yxagalIl4t{ra B nera rJIdBfl; r. 5.2. 3a a6-

Te qecrorl{ rra B'bpreHe. Fpoar Ha care"rlllrure ce Hedupa or 2 ao 5" IIpu earpeiuHo Baueneane pasJlt{xala B ers6ilre rpn6ea Aa e sar:, I sr6a; errperuuo lrap;tsauoro gr,6uo KoJIeJIo .u,a e HaA 85 s'b6a.
.3a paer,nerx,qa!r1{fl npr{Mep tr, er.urouuaul ,411 npegaexa
OT ri)'.- 0 C.lieLCe

JIeKr{aEaHe Ha npeclitJiral{ero ce AonycKa orI{.rIoHeHEe B onpe,4.eiieHlrTe rrpe,4,aBareJlHr{ oTHorreHr4fl Ao 30/0, pec[. oTK"[oHeHI]e B SaAaLe]lrI-

($ar.

5.4 a),

B toa:iln.i*u

(cxeiulr 2+-7) c,nYvaii Ha PeAYKToP Irqu ,1.BycT'I:,nanHa ilpeAaBKa Ha Mynrl'I[JII4n c,ryuaft a c&eMa 7 io6:i111, .i,,o,.inu),
1aa

1.

ifl: - itit:
1

-4,081

: - 3,08

1"

ABe

TasH cror:iilocr I'rorlile j1a ce 3aMeHI{ Aocrar:brl}ro B3aLIMTIO flpt CTL ile,'il{ qflC"[a

c cfuorrlellnero

iia

ioa:is*.iot: *i;

(ru .*t*u
I

oa

- it+. in"t' . in;t : h.,iG,)

6,462,

lif,t:3,081:

#lul:li,#rr
r.
e.

r. H.
f.
C,"t*.r sa\r?crealre

3a pasrle>xAaHlrfl nPI'iueP
*

nL-:"o :93i^^: ooo- no. 6Do ftN

l4t6npa cc irr,plara Bb3rro)KHocr, o (5.6) ce noryqatsa

+ Koraro zM uua crofiHocr o:' 9 Ao croilHocru, rpx6ea z-,)25.

i(r:
a se

1l sl6a,

ca 3a.{aAeHH orpuriare.rxl.r

228

229

_r v.s 14 22:2 zi:v.s,.g_f :v.s,V, jgJ:2

i{r+t vs 29
57,

D:24 (uaft-roaeuuf,r o6q AeJrHreJr Ha zzH 22,,T. E; 24 u 4B). rpeMHHe KbM r. l.J or 3aAaHr.r;;;;;;;;;o"MoAa __ uoA6epar Ipujr Aace ce IIoAxoAflIIlI{
KbAeTo
iMoAynH ra3H l{en ce [pecMflra r,ao4y.nir

nh oraeanu"e e"Oo" np.,q"asrir: 3a, '-

''g-1:ussz' Axo ce us6epar Ana careJIHTa (s:2) a ce IIoJIoiI(Il v:57, cr'IeABa Zr:28, 2z:29, Zs:85. TesH croftHocrll cbrJlacHo r. 5.2 y,uonaetBoplBar HBIrcKBaHero 3a
np eAaBaTenHo orHoureHue (npr16nnente,ruo), 3a cbocgocT,rn

3:v"9

3t:.-

npeAaBxa He Hgl{cKria flsMecrBaHe na sl6oHapeauun IIHcrpyMeHr nplr uapa6oreauero. ' 3a paer.nex{Aa.Hplt{ npuMep II, errloqeaq AI2 npepera (Qnr. 5,4 6), OnpeneJlflHeTo Ha Zy 22r Zz' V Zs Moxe il,a Ce H3BbpIIIH C MeToAa Ha c'bl,ruo)I(r{rennrq Trft KaTo &,3:0, c.rreAea

3a MoHTax' Vcnoenero Ba ctceAcrBo rpe6Ba Aa ce npoBepl{ upee (5.7), Ho rlfi Karo .t:2,. To e yAoBilerBopeHo aBToMarI4qecKI'L TaKa cI'IHTe3I',IpaHara

'-'l+'P*. "p 'Pt, fit/leTo ,P e paAI4yC'bT Ha KOJrffHoro O,4, m; t.Fu. cp : * fA"no - cpeAHoro HHArzKaropHo Ha.rrrtaHe, pa; Ha HHAHKaTopH ara AuatpaMa, mm2: L H ,, J -]*not]lra &":-6:i^k, H, mm, ce Mepu or LrHAHKaropHara g.narpa*rai
b 'Kt: p

ffi;1'u*, ;ff' - mex

Pmr"

Pa

mm, ce MepH

or

r.rHAr.rr(aropHara AHarpaMa;

ifr: | - ifr: -8,890 :

1

qflcfia HaJIHI,I C6OTBeTHO Ha.'?y Z2t 22,, Zr. ClrAaCnO (5.10)

BraexAat

c.e r{eJrlrr-

-7,890* cbMHo)KHTeJ$Te .t' b, c, d, uponopl{Ilo'

B.

ilapaMeTbp; - 3aAaAeH 6poxr Ha gt6fire Ha gt6noro - C 6yranuara Ma[rHHa. cTBeHO

KoJreJro, cBbp3aHo HenocpeA-

flpecnneruarara

ril:;;:
Karro

zqzq

b.d

ot:l,l

2.4

'
e
MHOlOBapIra!{THO;

craHAaprHa (xenarenno ;;;;*p";; 9:11frt, uure) n ce npneMa ffi, : rn (sa eaAanne if

croliuocr Ha MoAyJra rn ce

2 n 3). 3a

"lrl I{o r. 5.2 cJIeABa Aa e'orpnllareJleH) m , zr:a(d-c).v: 1 . (4-1;v3a \, 22:b(61-c).',):2.(4-l)v:6v,' z z, : cta *b)v : 1( 1 * 2)v : 3 v, z u: d,la* b)v : 4(1 * 2)v : !2 v. c
We6wpawe

TyK Ce OpIreHTApaM. *"t 'o: l, b:2, c:l,d:4. Karo ce llubr npeg,: Saeui"toocrn 15.t1), ce nonyuaaa (suaxtr Hac B cKo6l{re CblJIaC-

Ce 3a&nfi3Ba, Hg6]ylpa;gleto Ha CToIiHoCTHTe

MexaHH3'bM Ce nodT3yBa 3aBITCHMOCTTa

onpeAe.rrrHe Ha MoAyna

ml

rooy"i".';1,:;-'G^"".6saHHe ua' npyiarr'ir"n." nu ,lan ,

p*;;;"""ru

3aKpbrnrrBa Ao Haft-

,3

"3

ffi*-m,l h, , K.bA,eTo 3a 3aA,aHHe l. ftr:m, i*:it6 v t/trr*m*, a ga y\x:tngt

i*:ittt H'lllr:Jni.

ga1a1wg,2 u

HaA

fl

s\6a n zr]85 unu Zr:3. v:3 .B:24, Zz:6.v.:6'8:48,

v:8,

npn Koero Hafi-Milr'IKoro et6Ho KoJre,ro ce nonyuaaa

3a, paeraexAaHnfr npr4Mep I or vuluraropgara AgarpaMa, ueo6paaeHa B6pXy SaAalruero, ce orq'Tar crofisocrare nu ot"uua""r. TaM
Eed'IlItIIzHa

/:330 mmz, H:30 mm, prr**:40 frn- nuro ,: - - mml. ---^-:0"03 tD, p: 2,15, z: zt:28, .a npaciu""i,

- -?.v:3. zy:o
l8o

B:24, ze:12.v:12.8:96.

k":#:#:L#t:o,oo2
ho:
.,p,.

Ar<o 6pom Ha carenurnre ce rtpl,reirae.9:3,3a ycnoBuero Ha c6ceAcrBo crreABa (5.12)

, sin S usrrbJrHeHo (0,866>0,694). I4enuHeHo'e n ycnoBl{ero g.'l'

#,
mm
,

un' sin 60o>jgt2 > ,rt2 z+f-qo Z1JZ2

P!1* P^",

i?.1^ry:0,155.106 Pt
tv

KOeTO e
MOHTA)K

"n

:* l. k".ko: ff
-

aa0.0,002. 0,155. 106: 1,705.106 pa,

::#.34

jL{#L:

1oB

(qqro uucr6),

1 flopaAn HaMeHeHne B pa3Mepnre Ha LrgArrKaropHara XHarpaMa fiTpk orreqarBanero re3a ca rpoMeHeHH. Toga o6aqe ni i*". _191n9cru fiilf pe3ynrar MolyrfiTe mI u mfi.

B ga.(aHuffTa rpafi""i*y .23r

230

$ li
ToqKa p, e, ilpeKapaHa nepneHAHltyJlfipHara 'rll4Hritr rrpaBa e paSrIoJIo)KII qellTTlp'br cn ua e'u6uo.To IroJIe.lIoKofiTo BGpxy o, o IlpeCrtlnra- C6 AHaliIeT'bp"bT Ita Ae.naTe.'IHara oxpt,)riuoCT d,a: ttt .lu: :2,5 .12:30 mrn :0,03 ff, Kottro ce Har{epraBa Karo ,u,oilI4parenHa KtM : MoAyrrHara rrpaBa Ha rpe6eHa - B cryr{afl otP:jh: *Fr, :150 rnm. fIo saeHcnn{ocrn (6.3) ce npecl,Inrar AuaMerpprre IIa ocHOBHara, neToBara I{ B'bpxoBara oKp},}KHocr: dun: dn cos ao :30 cos 20":28'19 mtn' d1=[zn-2 {,t"+c'*)] :r il?-j.(1 rl'25)l .2,5 -q3,75 mm, HaTa

*:rl'y p*,o-p':0,03 Cfrtttt, ro't irs' : 1'e66 mm"

tl\, - l'll*) tnfti, mrr: nZ"; :2'5 mm. 3a npunep II or nuAur{arop'ara
v7z6us,ar

ce'

Haia-6Ir43Kr.ire no,toJreMI4 craHAaprHI{ ctofiHOctn, T. e-'

uurar /:1807 rnm2, I-I:73 rnm, p.^": 47 mm' Tr'fi raro ,':0"11 tn" p.:0,727, z:zs:20, ce npecMtlrar' -0.003 -lI-, b^: ! :o'22 nrll ;3

_,4l'{arpaMa

Ha

Sa.llallxero Ce oT-

n t"'*
rn: ti. cp

E P*a* _
p-^,

don:(za)-2.

k";)

m--(12+2.
:8,r)r.10
3

1).

2,5:35

mm,

0.196 l0{r
q-t

---

:0,04.00rJ;,

cJreA r(oero ce Har{epraBar cborBeTHHTe fi.'bllI C qeriT'bp

,'

oru

paSnycw

I
il

.f .k,".hr: obr
i

1B07
3

.0,003.0,004. 106:0,0986. 106,Da'

272

u.,:

in .

o,: -ri. r,ffi-

: 140,95 mm,
:118'75
mrn'

rr
lr

't

t,

o',.,rP2:0,1 1d zJ 0,0986 ' lo'r 'o'7

:1,513 mrn"

i 2 ]71' lo-3 tr.i,, o, r:-zi, dr^: I

L4z6upar ce l{aKro lope no-loileMure Hait-6;iEaxn crauAapruil croi:lHocrlr, T. e' r?tl -lfl':2 \nrr]'' ftnt '-'177'x:' I mro' rl.llac onpele;ieHure Mo,lyJru r.r 6pon ua e1.6nre ce rpecMflTar II Ce KoJIe,'{a o1'6url Ha ECIlqKi{ oKp-b}I{LIoCTtl h{eTpI{Te Ha AeJII{Te,'it-lllTe qe'tl4fi B npoeI(l{HI{ CXeMa K}.IHeL{aTIIqHa ABe Ha.{epTaBa Mail{a6HaTa -ua aoo.", \rexaHr43r,M (6sr. i1.!). cnopefi Aar{r{l4re 3a npnN{ep I ce npe'
C:d'tTAT

!
I

i
$
t

lir i

1f

Yo,: 2kt d",: ....2.0,'Jru:175 rnm' flo naqusa oT gaAar{a 6.1 iurecra r,rana) ce Har{eprana yr{aclbK'gr' oT eBOJIBeIlTara, K0frc MlrFraBa npe3 TorIKa P. 3a no,rryqasalle tja HeeEoJlBer{THIIT npO$Un sa gr6a ce Ilo,rl3yBaT yKaSaHlriHTa or aa!,a'la Li'4 n Srar. 6.17. Ttfi raro Ko,'IeJIoro ce usodpa3ttBs Karo FIy"'leBo, s4: pr:: -:3,g270 rnrn. F{a,'isso or r. ,i) no Ae.rlure,rgaTa oK-L:
r'!:-

31. to-b

: 56 tfiT7l, d2: ttt, ' 22:2'29 ' :5B rnrn' dt: rer .2s-2 " 86 : 172 rnm, : 3A filfit, ol : rll r,' 5 : 2,5' 19 : 47'l': mtn' ct a : ffi n " z +: 2,5 . 12 qe ABel'e flpoei(qfi11 lia KI{HeMa-. MaudaSHHs'r MOAyn ce [pueMa raga, dr* tttt. 4:2.
28
z

fi :i
:t

p'bu{Hocr e HaHeceHo

6C:+:19,6

rnrn' [trcriexe J]I{HIifira OnCn e

: I

i
!

,
i

cn[4erpaJra ua 3'r,5a, nocfieAi]lItiT ce o$opmn F3li,fifio qpe3 x-tocrpoflBaHe Ha cnMerpr4qHr.in nposra"u cflpfli,Io o*c, xa seue uar,repenulr. fToc'?n:0,5236:30' ce Har{eprapeACTBoM 'brJloBara crTrrlKa tn:),

qe'I'B'bpT Ha +OpTnr{HaTa CXel\{A .4a Ce paSfiOJIO)KaT B ;-IflBfiT& I'OpHa

var

,{
I

i 1.tr,3. Hyflesoro I'IHcrpJ/MeitrafiHo 3alrenBane ce paspa6orBa 3a Ma.nKoro er'6Ho t{oileJlo or oSuKuollesata el6sa ABoiiKa' Koero e cr.c zr. flc;cseilvfira B raSu Ll B C,reABaIilI'iT'e 3a.[,aAeH 6pofi na 3T,6H mtnABe TOqKH ce oTHacflT 3a IIpl4N{ep I, r. e. zw:z+:12 v m:m'*:2r5 [lOCJIeAoEaTe/]IfloCrpoeHuero e I43BT,p[IeHo Ha r]ur. tr 1"26 a C,'IellHaTa
HOCT.

,42.

Bar c?rMerpaJlx{Te Ha c6ce;1,ril4Te ,r6,t, onulu i{oero ce orKollr4pBar c rrpo3paqHa xaprr,itt or Beqe ilocrpoeijlls. HaHacsr ce pasMepare or
Qrarypara.

11.1.4. O6tarsoneuara sr6lia npeAaBxa c I'I3nIecrBaHe Itr{a ce npeABr{!. o6uKHoBeHara 3'b6Ha ABOrz[{a, BKflKlqBau{a z* (ea npnrr,rep I Zu:z+:12, 2o:19, m=.mrr:2,5 nm) e nocrpoeHa Ha $fir. 11.2S B cJIeAHaTa fl Oc.lr"r.oBaTeJIHocT. Tr';r? xaro !: &a*lm, Ba L{e}KAyocoBoro pagcrorFlue c.{eAtsa a.:4:, (12+ 19) +0,5348. 2"5:40,087 mm I La*:!- (zn* zy,)*)t . *: ce sar{ecrBa c'bit auaxa cu). fiocrponaa ce L{eHrpaxara ua sr,6Hara ABofiKa'l upes ilpuerurt neve uaiqaden MoAyJr ftl ce HaHacr r\{e}r{AyocoBoro pascrott'He CnOu:s-1p,:gffh*F:
(aenuuuHara
qfa Ltttt

,Hauepraear ce rpfi 3'1,5a or 3-b6Hl'itl lpe6eH cropeA yKa3aulllr& ts ilrecTa ld'laBa H @ar'.6.7, Karo Nlaqaluwnr r{oAyJI ce ilpmer'la raKa' qe r{epror{Hara Br.rcoI{HHa Ha g'b6nre Aa He 6lae rio-nqaJlKa or 50 rnm*' Itrpes'e4na or npeceqHr.rTe ToqKlr Ha KO[lT)/pa Ha [pe6eHa c AeJ]!lTe"{*

* Bx. ea6eirexKara cneA r,

232

10'1.2.

r
:400,87 rnm. Ax{auerprrre ria Aetnre.[r{ara n ocHoBHara o*p"*"*" r. I 1.1.3 (Q:ffi mfi; du,-28.19 mm); sa xoaen^or^o5- dt7 m.za:25 .Ig:47 5 mmid*:Qc6scr;:47,5 cos Xio: :44,683 mm. Ctoreernrrre oxp6)r{Hocrn ce nsuepraaan Ha Qnrypara. 3a 'lrl.lta r{a saqenBaHero du, c.br,tacHo (6.10) cneasa , lBg,7S __^^^t a .o.4o):arcos dz:&fcoS zu'l:24,'14,. ^^..,no\_.\^.7ao ( ,,o,oez cos \ "_ Flauepraea ce nuHnrtra Ha 3arlerrBasero N-N, KoffTo e Ao[HparenHa Ha ABere ocHoBHn oKpgxHocru. Ta rpn6Ba Aa cKrroqBa 6rrJr 4.: :24,740 c flpaBara t--t tt Aa MuHaBa npes r. P. flocae.qsara e onpe.Aenena r.r or paAuycr.rre Ha HaqaJrHflTe orp6)r(Hocrn (ornocnrenuare :IeHrpoHAH Ha Ko/reJrara 4 u 5):
Ma KoJreJroro 43a orpeAeJleHr{ e

: 2,5 ll2 -2 1 + 0,25) + 2 . 0,41 : 25,75 tn*, d lu :,n l, -2 (hi + c*) + 2x tl: 2,5 [ 9 - 2 ( 1 + 0,%) + 2 . 0,2) : 42,25 ^^, " : n: 2a * - yu-2c* m :2 . 40,087 - 42,25 -2 . 0,25 . 2,5 36,68 mm, : fu.- d.yn*2c* m :2 . 40,087 -25,7 5 -2. 0,25 . 2,5 : 53, I 8 mm.
d t,atr

lz n-2

(hi*

c*) +

x 4l

d. o

d.

d.

o.

HauepraBar ce c rlenrpu Y Oa w 06. I-locrponeauero Ha npo6n,ra sa gr6ute, ronrlpauru ce e roql P ($nr. 1'1.2a), e assrpureHo orcrpaHu sa g:',6sure Ko,'re,'ra, aHarorfiqno rra Sr.rr. 6.19. EsorseHrnara qacr Ha npoSnna Ha sr6a Ba Kor'reJroro 4 ce nonyvaBa r{pe3 'irpraanne 6eg n,'Ir3rane Ha fipaBara n4-nLBTpxy ocHoBnara oKpblKHocr c AHaMercp duu a HeeBo.,rBeFrrHara qacr qpe3 r'bpKa"rsue 6ee [Jrb3raHe Ha flpaBara ta-tn or npoSnra Ha ?rHcrpyMeHTa Bbpxy . AeJrlrTeJrHara oKp'b)KHocr. Ana,rorr4qHo e nocTpofiBaHero ua npo$n.na Ha e'b6a Ha Ko,'IeJroro 5. llo,ryveunre npoQn;rn 'ce r.r3nofi3yBar Karo rxa6roHl,I 3a HaqepTaBaHe Ha clperHarrrre npoSa.rn, Aorraparrru ce B ,r. P. 3a ofipeAeJlffHe Ha pa3HorrMeHHure rrpo$nnn ce onpeAeJrnr Ae6enuHnre Hd sr6fire rro AeJrr.rre.rlHr{re oKpG}K-

r-n:

Q nP

: s*: #T :4o,o87T#ls :
OnP:155,2 mm

15,52 mm,

r-,:Qup-q"o?r-:40,087
TpoflBaT Ce Haqa,,IHHTe

#,

:24,i7 firrr, OsP:245;7 mm.

nocru (6.8)

Tesrl rzgucrBaHrzq ce npoBepffBar HenocpeAcrBeHo Ha qeprexa; rrocOr(p1,)r{HOCTr.r.

s+:

Ocnoeeu MoMeHT [pr4 rrpoeKTr4paHero Ha npeAaBKara e onpeAenflr{ero Ha roe$nqueurnre Ha r{BMecrBar,re itr4 r.r xu. Karo ce Hgxox(Aa or o[peAeJreHoro ct@ or (6.9) ce onpeAeJrfl

(I *r. 0,4. 0,36372):+,osz mm, st: m (* *r*rtg ao):z,s (*"r. 0,2. 0,36372):+,zaa mm,
ao):2,5
zn

m(t*r*rtg

"o) =(0,02899 x'bAero crofiuocrure ua @ynxqnt:ra inv e:tga-a Morar Aa ce onpeAeJrffr rr or ra6,r. 6.1. Or Apyra crpaHa, Ba Aa HflMa no.npflsBane npr.r i.rapa6orBaHero Ha KoJle;rara ua sa6eH rpe6eH, rpn6ea
Jrs

xa

(in v

a**

lnv

?t#

0,0 1 490)

##h : 0,6,

orTaM rrt cnMeTpa,'rfiTe

ceAHtITe

-..),

:-rZ| :

Ha gl,6Hnre npo$nnn. Cnrr,refpannre Ha cbgt6n ce ofipelengr rlpe3 'brnoBnTe clbnKil rr:30o yt r,6:
o,sao 7

- t8,947

o.

n,-r7 -rn

17

_ t7 -:2 :0,294 l-,

Crulecrnysar 14 Apyrn orpaHr{qerirlr rrpn onpeAe,irrrHero Ha xa Lr x6rlocrltraHe Ha Aocrarbr{Ho toflrrM xoe{ruqueur Ha r{eJIHo rIoKplIBaHe ea, Ha AocrarbrrHo ro.rlflMa 4e6ernua ua s.b6nre rro B.bpxoBeTe Ha oxpb)I(-' IIOCTI'I, Ha dfITIzr\,IanHO r43itOCBaHe A Ap. TeSn OrpaHl4qeHltfl. Ce OTTIHTaT KoMrr/reKcHo r{pe3 onucaHhre B r. 6.4 6noxupaqr.r KoHTypll. Trft r<aro B npr{d'roxeHlrero He e AaAeH 6nornparqnrrr KoHryp aa npeAaBKara c 12 n 19 315a, crrflacHo c Qur. o.15 ue ce nons-yia d.rronnparq xonTyp sa Asofir(a c Hafi-6rasKw e:.'6u._12 u lT es6a. Tpn6na Aa ce n36epe r. M c t<oop4nHarv roe@uilneurnre Ha u3MecrBaHe x4 11 x6 B xeSaulpuxoBaHaTa AonycrHMaTa qacr Ha KoHTypa, B}SMO)KHO uafi6nusrca Ao Jrr.tHrrfl B (rouru or Herr orroBapflr na- 4noilxn xoeiluqueu-TH Ha npeAaBKr.r c onrr{ManHo r.rgHocBaHe). B c.rry.lan e uedpaua roqKa ,C KoopA,HHaTl/r X4:0,4 n )tr:0,6-0,4:0,2, CJr.eA KOeTo Ce npecMfTar neroBr.rre u B'bpxoBrare oKp.bx{Hocrtrr, KaKro cJreAea (6.8), (G.11):
234

xu7

JlIs_: _rl*L --1'-: __ _0,1 17 -- -w' tB.

Otceurara Tnbu or. JrnHlrrrra Ha garlerrBaHe e .aKTI{BHara orcer{Ka r{a garlenBaue. {eiicreaero Ha npeAaBKara ce r,r3scHflBa, Karo ;\onpeAenu aKrflBHr{flr yqacrbK or pa6oruure npo$nan-AT,rHre AnEnu '*4686 nocpeAcTBoM rorrKr.r bo u b6 no HarrrzHa or Sur. 6.18. B na,{aJroro na gaApyxHara pa6ora Ha ABa a.r6a or KoJreJ'rara 4 u s ro\xwre En w Au o'r npo@unure r{M ce Aonlrpar, Karo c'bBnaAar c roilKa br. tlpw BbpreHe Ha KoJre,'roro 4 no qacoBHr4KoBara crpe,'IKa roqKara Ha AonilpaHero ce rz3MecrBa no npo$nnnre, Karo cbureBpeMeHHo 116!'I3H or bn t<aw P. Tat<a ce crur-a Ao rzeo6paseuoro Ha Qurypara no.JIOiI{eHIIe, CJIeA KOeTO AOnHpHaTa TOTIKa [poAbflx(aBa Aa nt'ns,r Or'P rctna b6. Koraro roqKr4Te An u 8,, ce Aonpar B ToqKa bu, npoqecm ela SaApylKHa pa6ora Ha raBK Aeoitxa s'b6w IIpHKlIoqBa. 3ua,Izte,'IHo nPeAu rosa o6aue apyra AeofiKa er6n ce e BaqennJra. Crraacno c ToqKa 6.4 (nrecra rnana) cpeAHr.rflr 5poft ua eAHoBpeMeHno pa6oreulu Asofiru g'b6n ce xapaKrepr{sr4pa c xoe$nqlreHra Ha qeJrno noKpI.IBaHe
(6.

l2)

Tfr_ s4 _
p, 73,?7

1,27 4,

235
I

traTeJrfir, B BaAaIIHe 2 u

KtAero llobu e orqereHa or qepTexa L\ ;r : 1 r,377 D,: ;d,,,:+ n;in,. r 23,19 . 44'638 Yb-'
ca HaMepeHI4 IIO
3aBI'{CHMOCTTa

3- pa6oTHaTa lila[IgHa), T'bfr Karo 3aB!.lCtlT oT rlono}KeHl{eTo Ha 6yTar-Ioro, pecn. or rlo.{ot'bt,r'r3cr[o AHarpaMaTa )r(egr{eTo Ha KoJIfluoTO I{a JIoCToBI4fl MeXaHI{3bM. Cpe1uara MOU{HOCT
,T{a

l9 12 zq 24 lpa$uNnre na Koe$tIIrI4eHTHre Ha orHoclarerxoro rrir6BraHe (6.14),

m1'1,

pu-73,77

rnm.

no3rJrIiloHHtlTe cHrIH

ce onpeAe/Itl

oT

P,:2qlkoh"
K'b.II.CTO I{I4CJIOTO

-S

W,

t A+: r r_.

-A,U 21 zt _;; . ,.6 : ' :s 8t,14

Bo.M

.sr,il

CrofigoCrnre Ca fipecMeTFletTll 3a HfiKoJIKo noJIo)*{eFII'ltd rla AOIlIillHaTA TOqKa IIO ,[,]JI)X1i]laTa Ha aI(TI4BLIaTa oTCrlKa Ha SaueilBalle' a]iailolllqHo Ha $rrr. 6.11. 11.1.5. Cr,nocraaKara Ha IlailaMerill.lTe I{a xpeAaBliara, onpe/{e;eHll I''l},'t cToiiHocr6 6a no rpaSuueq IraI{HH, c aHa.III4TlIr{Ho onpe.u.eJlefiure 'loBa clnocTaBt{rie ce llpaBl{ yee.tIuulr.ila /T.ocToBepHocTTa IIa pa6orara. caMo 3a ea, r{r{fiTo crofiFlocr ce oflpeAed'Ifi c'bl,'IacHo c (6.i3)

4:\,r* -- aKo Ael4rare,'iqr e 6yra.'lHa MaIunHa (saaanne l) r4nw q: -+-, .n" aKo 6yraJlHara MarII{Ha e pa6orHa (eaaa'
HrrJ*2 rr 3;; Koe$uuHeHT r{a noJre3go AeiicrBr.{e rra JrocToBrlff MeXaHfi3T:'1\4;

OTTOEAPA HA 6POg HA IIVJIIIH.II.PI{TE;

!n*:0,75:0,88 -

/- nnoqra IIa l4HAuKaropHara AualpaMa, mmz; D- Ananer]bp:br Ha 6yrailoro (D-7:'r cblnacHo

r{r.rero), mm;

saAa-

u,:-;i (tgao,-tg "*)+'i;: $go"" tga-)"

: +(0,832 -- 0,,16 r I +
K'hACTO

l?,

(0,542-0,,+{i r)

: 1,27

1,

. IruHa, LninOcrasalnre Beri{iILlFIu ca ollllcaHu s r. 11.1.4. 3a npuuep I (6yraruaia t\taulIIHa e J.BI{rareJI) pn:2.0,76 . 330. 0,155 . 106 .0,002 1 ,0Iq45_- q# 3a npnuep
.,1
.,i :l
I

lTCP

IICCTOTATA

I]A

BT,PTCHC

HA tsAJIA HA 6YTZIJIHATA MA-

35,547

kw.

db. 28,i9 4,.:zrrros al' - ot.os -r.-r;;-==

ao

3C,7titio,
32,'J 160'

II

(6yra.rruara MauIuHa e pa6orHa)

T

eirqss
e.,

d\ 4 1.533 ,": flrcos,+gil :

6nuercu'

P,-2af

rsoz .0,04. 105.0,003

'0i!q1

ryff

:1,334 kw'

,{eere crottuocru na
:ro| ce
r

Bcnqrcu npecMflraHlIfi Ha lrpnuep trl (r. 1.3, i.'l ra 1.5 or HgB:bFrruBar aua,'Ioraql{o Ha paslJle4atuun npttntep I.

ca Aocrarbqno

3a,&,aHl4e*

{i ii

,,i
il

Kr.rileMarl.r.rHl.ITe CHJrr.r 3aBrrCgT oT 'btJloBaTa CKopoCT Ha 3BellaTa. gaAaungra B. roBa ca MoMeHToBtlre ycI'IJIlrf B'bpxy BaJIOBere Ha pora(e ea4aune | - pa6oruara MamIlHa' a B SaAaHufi MaInI{HH uIroHFIflTe MoquoCTTa Ha KflHe,MaTLIqHnre CriJIIl Ce I]pecMq2 u3

A TO -ABHrare,rt). 3ABI,ICIIMOCTTA

1.2. PA3P.&6OTBAFIE HA PASAAJIA IIfi FIAM{4EIIO I'TSCJIEI'.BAIIE

]trlTALUP{fiEI{,AT g}E'FAT

P!:4rP,, w,
KbAeTO Q1:^flavt aKO KUHeMaTIIT{}rLrTe CHJIU ca c'bnpoTHBl{Teluu (sa,{,a' HIae 1) utm: qr: :l r aKo c3 ABurareJIHH (aa4aHnn 2 u 3)' Mexa'/av gb6HHq MexaHIl3T'}M Ce HLrqH'IlsT i<oetpr{queHr Ha noJle3HO AeficTBI4e Ha
:

lIA

I4scneAeailero ue r,IauliiHei{ arpefar EI{dTnrlEa l{3lpaxr,arlero rla !,1'{* Hatl1ilqilHfl My Mo,{,e,'I, oxpeAeiitilleTo Ha Iu;l\c)BllKa 3a ilocTI'Ii'&H Hfi: 3ajlaAeH r<oerfuqneHr lla HepatsiioMepFlocT II Ha eIHOtloCc{iIIoCT Ha euepruiiulu norox n,oe3 Bt6statl MexaIIiI3'IlNx, KaI{To Il orip,{r'irHero Ha SaKOr{a Ha ABr,r)+(eHu e. Kypcoeara pa6ora c'e Ii3B'bpuIBa B /3afillcKa,. Koflro e o6uia 3a r{flnaT'a qacr II Ha Kypcotsara pa6o'ra. 11.2.I. Cnpe4e,rauero Ht MoluHocrnre Ha rBlllare.'lHara L{ paoor' Hara MaIrIi{Ha ce tiSIlbpIIIBii, KaTO ce npel}lerHe cPe,luara h'loiiiHocT Pn ua II03I{tlplornr}ire cir..iin I{ uoMuHaJ-IHara l\touluocl Pn Ha KrIHel{a^'
TIII{HHTe CH.'rl[.

r<oraro e peAyKTOp I'I,'IH no \sv:^45+Tut, 3a o[peAe.IltlHe Ha KOe(pilUHeHTa Haquulr: Koraro e Mynrl4nd'IlrKarop. Ha IrOJre3HO AefiCTBr{e ua O6HKHo"gqFII,I I{ n,{aHeTHI,I 3';6HLI npe.U,aBKH e ,u,aAeH B ceAMa tilaBa r. 7.5. 3a paer.nexAarftrr npnMep I (rcHuemarr4qHl,lTe CI1,'II{ Ca C6[poTI'lBI4' TenHfl) e H3quc;eno 4r,:0,9, oritAero Pf:0,9 .35,547:32 kW' 3a npnnaep II (ruueuatHllHl{re CI{JII{ ca ABHrarenHI{) e zsutlcreuo
L13r{r.rc'.d'rflBa

1ro

{su:\tn.1;ru,

fioeuqraoHaIl ca cii,rlil'e B 6yra"rlHrlre l,laulllllli (a salaune 1

Asn"

237

g ri"

fs,:0,9,
PCACJIfl

orKbAero

Pfl:Ob
M*

1,334:1,482 kW.
na KlrHeMarr.rqHuTe cl,tJrlt c'borBercrByBa

HoltnHalunfr
Ha Moulnocrra
OT

MoMeHT

Pfl

ilpr'r gaAaAeHara HoMr4Hanua qecrora nN H ce otr-

ce na6upa TaKa, qe MoToBHJ[KaTa Aa ]rSnbrBa AbJIXuHara Ha rleproxHOTO nore. 3a onpeAersHero Ha Macara mx ce nongyBa Ar,ratpaMara ua Jrnqara Ha paBr{r{Hurrre ceqexr{s f :I (l). 3a rasn qen ce npaBnr ceqeKc = 2

Mr.'.u,\ ,!- Pl', N.m, K.r,Aero ,r:i-lo.

3a rrpr.{Mep

am/cm

I orr: *,
rtt

650:68,03 s-t,44r-I30c9:4?0 N.rn.

3640:381

3a nprrMep II

tor:$

.-r, ,yr:-492:3.89
KrzHeMari,rr{Hrrre cwJrrr
3aAaHrTe

N.rn.

&lexagl.rquara xapaKTepucruKa

TepHCTI4Kara ua pa6orHara MarunHa, a B 3aAauzrr TeJIf. flocrporiBa c0 C'bI'r'raCHo Cbc 3aAaHflero rI onpeLereHETe H MN.

cllMocrra

M*:M*(to)

n,rru

M*-:M*(n). ts

Ha

g 3aBlII rona e xapaK2 u 3- Ha AtsuraRnr

/,cm'
na,/21cn1

Kl

=?

cm/cm2

3a

npnnaep

pa6o.na, xaro

I (rpe6eu enHr)

Mexarrr4rrHara xapaKrepr4crnKa

Krc =

lto em'/cm3
60mm

M:MN(t
3a
npnrr,tep

2a +0

cnopeA nocoqeHaTa B SaAaHneTo 3aBr4cuMocT.

)':+zo (#*)':o,1o1o

*,,

f.

a u b ce ngno;r3yBar o:Ma:kMN, b*J

gaBr,rcr.{Mocrr4Te

parreplrcrrrxa e ,rr.rHefiHa $ynxr1un. 3a onpeg,enflHe Ha r{oeSi,lutreHrure

II

(nocronHrroroKoB e,'reKrpoAnurare;r) MexaHr.ir{Ha'ra Nait 78t0

t,

c.z,)

Kt =!a,ny'6'a'

t*oru,

\1--k) Mry,

KtAero k:A\al Mu. Tesn xoeS,r"ranrr

rpaonuHo r{pe3 [peKapBaHe .Ha lrpaBa npe3 roqKi4 A(0, MA) u N(n,, M*). g cnyrran

Aa'ce oFpe.qenfir u

KoopAfiHarr4

lt f pa= s' r't { \ Ksz=zofl'

h:4, a:kMw:4.3,8g:15,56
vrrv M*:i5,56-0,03069
or.

.t1,

b:l+,#4,

9 :0;03069 N.rns
t2 /3 t+

L1.2.2^ OnpeAenaHero Ha MacoBnre rapaMerpu Ha 3BeHara sanoqBa or rttJloro c'bc cpaBHrrreJlHo Hafi-c,'IoifiHa reo&rerpurrHa Sopua -_ MOTOBI{d'lKaTa. TyK Ce H3nOJIEyBa rpa(loauaJrr,ITl{r{eH lrarlfii{ 3a npecMffraIIe (c'r'rqecreyear rr Apytu ua.ruHn). tr4acne4eaHara MorotsIrirra e

t5 t6 t7

11)

eft?

Oan. 11.3

oT nprlMep

I4ecreAsaHero ce r4aebprxtsa rra Henpo3parrHa xaprrrg c $opuar, A2 nm A3 (Aurara crpar{a Ha $opMara Aa e Beprr.rxaJrHa - Suf" I 1.3), r<aro e yao,6no floJrcaaHero, Ha MaJrHMerpoBa xaprrar. Onpe4eJIST Ce pa3Mephre l:),r, cTn v d.:yf, cm cbtJracHo c'bc aaAaHr4eTo, creA, Koero MoroBrlrJlKara ce HBr{epTaBa uarqa6no B ABe npo.eKlrr4n, opa8Mepeur.r c rrcrrrHcKuTe croftuocru. Mau{a6slrsr MoAyJr h, cmf cm
238

II or

paar,re)KrxaHrlTe.

peAenqr rara, qe Aa o6xeaHar ntJTHo teoMerpr.rqHnre oco6euocfi.r Ha sopuara. flpr'rmepuo il ror{Ka / (@ur. 11.3) ceuenuero e npaBobrbJrpagMell l,8Xq,^e cm (nropranr pasMep e orpeAeneu rpa@uqHo). 1I{K c -Haseieno Jluqero,/r:5,8.6,6:38,3 crn2 e i ta6i. 11.4 n l"arpayrara
cHMaJrHara qeproxHa

HHs c AocrarbqeH 6pofi panur.rHH, neprreHA?rKyJrflpHrr Ha ocra Ha Mo_ TOBHJrKara, MaHaBauIn npe3 XapaKTepHu HefiHn roqKn. CeqeHHqra ce on-

f-1.

" qe MaKMaqa6nlrnr MoAyn k7 cm2fcm ce onpeAenfl TaKa, crof,Hocr Ha r43o6pa8eHara BeJrrlqHlra Jrnqer@ 23$

7 rc *

or{oJro 7 cm*.

Karlo ce BilxAa,
3aBuCHMOCT

CK9KOBU HgMeHeHI4g

ofipeAenfHe Ha nJloulTa il F,, Crnz qpe3 nJlaIlHMeT-bp IznI4 npe6poflBa' fle Ha KBaApaTi{i{Te N'IHJIIiMeTpII 3a ooeMa H MacaTa ce nonyqaBa

A[arpaMaTa e HaqyneHa, c'I]c OT QOpMaTa Ha n{OTOBI4JIKaTa. C;reA

Heo6xoAl.rruo e H [ocrpof,Banero Ha AHarpaMdrl. Q7z:fzQ(r), xonr{peo ra6nnqara cneA BAHtaHe B KBaApar H yMHo}Ke_noJryqaaa "o crne. Ha @arypara ArrarpaMara e nocrpoeHa C npeKbcBaHa .,rggt4f,. CaeA onpeaeJrflHe Ha "rnuero O Onn, cm2, ga HHepuHoHHHfl MoMeHT
ce_

E(bM TOrIrftl

cneLsa

v:{f@d.t :kft1Fp cm}, m':PV

0

,(p-n.ntrnocr Ha Marepr.raJra; sa
niep

II (kt:2

cm/cm,

kt:7 cm?/cm, Fy:53,5 m,:7,85 .2 .7 -53,5:5'E6

croh,taHa ?-7j,85 '-103 kg/m8).

cm?)

npu-

kg.

3a

onpe,u,enffHe Ha

nuarpat4aia ft(t):tf Ce uepn oi"Haii-nseaTa ,roqga lla MoToBHJIxara. Crotluocrl{Te Ca HaHeceHr4 B c'bulaTa ra6.luqa. ija pasuepa, onpeAeJrful MficToTo Ha Ma'coBr{fl r{enrbp S, ce no.uyuana

Mtcroro Ha MacoBlifl IdeHILp .9 ce nocrpoaaa (I) ({Hr. 11.3 c ilpeK:bcBa'a ''u'uxR), K'bAero

ril

,: j
K'b,nero
F1,o Ctfi2,

,,vt a'lrt' r u) dLcmz)

k,k,Fr, ''t't
3a
npLIMeP

Qrr. I L4
rl

e nlluero Ha

At{arpal{ara.

II (kt,: :31

Jo-

:140

crn$/c',n

F7,:42

Qa Q)

d.r: pk,ko,,Fo,,

2.110.-12 ,:ff:,i?:15,7
Qpea paauepa

crit.

3a pasrrexAannr fipnMep (kr:2 cm/cm, Aor":3000 cma/cm, For,cm2)

3a onpeg,enrHe Ha LlHeptdt4oHl{l'Ir MoMeHT I{a MoroBLJIKara K'L'M ToqKa y' Ce nOCrpofBa AuarpaMaTa Ha ,'II{IIerO Ila qIlJIIlH"X,pHr{ItfiTe CeHa npocrpaHcrBoro 'jeHriq Q:A(r). Te ce ilolyr{aBar fipu flpecl4r{aHe Ha MOTOBTI,IKaTa C KOHIIeHTpHI{HH Iln,'lllHnpHI]HH IOBT]pXHI',IHI.I c oc npeS r. A. 3a r. 1/ (Qur. 11.3) cer{enuero rle 6lAe HBHIIa' 3aK'lloqena

ce onpeAed'Ifl

14

pa3l{eptr a:AS (s curyuar a:6,Ecm)'

Ja:7,85.

2 . 3000 . 3l

:0,146 kg .m'.
.

Oxonqarenno oa rIeHTpailHLrfl r.rHeprllroHeH MoMeHT ce nonyqaBa

Js: J e-

ttt*a2

JA,l46-5,80

6,8 . 10-s:3,1 18

kg. mt,

'ra. Or AllarpaMara .Mox{e Aa ce orr{ere Koiirpo.nHo

Mer'K,[,y ABe CJII'IIICI{ C'bC CbBilaAaI[H nO IOCOKa IIO!'IyOCH' tIutlTO AGn' )xHHa ce onpeAe.rrfl rparpuuecru. croiiuocrfire ce HarrJ.cnr n ra6n. lI.4; rpasuxara Sanor{Ba or r. 7 c.bg cKoK, cboTBeTcTByBaq Ha JIhIIeTO Ha BT,TpeIIlHaTa UI4d'lIIHApl.{r{Ha IIOB]rpxHI{Ha Ha OTBopa Ha MOToBII'/IKa-

KaTO Ce rrMar rrpeABHA no/IyqeHllre AaHHH. 3a no-HararburHl,rff aHaJIIIB e yao6no MoroBrrJrKara Aa ce BaMeHH ,c ABe roqKoBri MacH B uapHnprre i, BrS6pKAalIu c.bulara r.rHepqEoHHa .4r{HaMa {.r npHTe)r(aBauIH c'brrlaTa KHHeMarHqHa eHeptr{s IIpH Asr4xeHrrero Ha arperara KaKTo MoroBHJrKara. Ctrlacso r. V.2 roneryltfia-ra Ha roqKoBr{re MacH B r. A u B (Snr. 11.4) ule Stae

V: I AU)dr:k,h,,F,,, n't*:pV,

t'

xaro crorinocrnre rpx6na Aa crbBlla1ar c no,ryue""te "eq'e rn. 3a paspa6ornan"" npt*.p ll (k,:kr:2 cmlcm, ko:)Q Frz:18,4 cm2) ffir-7,85 '2 '20 ' 18,4:5,8 kg'
---;-ToBa
240
mI{cKBaHe ce orHacfl 3a BcI'ttIKH paepa6ornana

peSyJITa-

ffiuo:ffi, r , llluU:lllu , Toau lro.{,en n o6u1ur cnyvaii e npa6.nnaurenen. 3a aa 6tAe rpn6*a Aa ce B'bBeAe rpera Maca B Tor{Ka S, npn Koero

roqeu,

ctrt2/cm,

*,o:4,
flo-saramx ce
[6
P.Eo 3r trYPcoBo trPoerrKpaHe

**u:4"r-, mrs

**-#
KATO

non3yBa npn6.rneurerHr{flr AByroqKoB MOAEJI,

ryK auarpaMu'

241

'\
HflH Macara mM^ '-s ce npeHe6perBa, aKo e
MaJrKa

<10o/o),

vrrt nlu, ce

I4enonsyeauero na AByToqr{oB MOAeJI, MaKap Ll -twnw3LtTeJIH0, CI,IJIHo o6neK'raBa nocneABaHero Ha MexaHrzsMa, ltri xaro (6ur. l l.4) naoToBHJTKaTa ce cMqTa sa 6^eeauepr1a (mz:Js,:0), s samsHa Ha KoeTo
KoJrflHoro

eKBHBaJreHr

npepaonpeAens crrnacHo (7.8).

(aro A :-. 100010< mi ' roqKlr A u B io eneprueH

3a npr'rr'rep II znepqr.roHHnffT MoMeHr Ha poropa Ha ABrrrarenfl Ir Ha KoJlruoBrrff BaJr na pa6ornara MarxilHa ca cbo rBerHo:

/p*:

1,45 .

10-6

?3

':(!!n.'^:):nu. :3,586 . 10-6 kg . mr,

r?-'.3,8e (/3"8e)r:

1 rr 6yra,roro 3 ce y"enuuauir

i-fie,rfic,reuuTe

m_

oxoHqarenso 3a rrp'r\{ep

Tarvi fi1.*:(),3 kg, tnuo:O, 19 kg, rnru:0,11 kg,

.l ce noJiy-rraBar c,,reAH're nou#

a:0,03
m, 11.4

i*r. ^

pe3y,r,11.3"

rnro:4,532 kg, m*o+ 1,328 kg. vlzttucilseaHero Ha r.rHeprHaTe napaMefptl Ha or6sure KoJeJ,ra ce H3BbpuBa' Karo BcflKo or Ttlx ce saMecra c nffF,TeH cToMaHeH urzJIHHT,'bp

/s:0,0004 kg. m'. 3a.u_p^uir,rep II, no n9{T^ ca paepa6cireHn ra6n.

b:0,b52 n"
@ur.

ce nsBbprnBa KIM
HaMzireH nao4er).

MO}KHO CbGTABflHCTO HA AI'IHAM:a..i,Hfi'T MOACI HA ATPCIATA 11.2.3. OnpeAennuero Ha np4BeAeHrrre MacoBH vt cr4ilaBw napaMerpru

/*u-0,35. p. ve (10r)6:0,35 .0,728. 0,6362 (t0, 0,1 1)5:0,166 kg. mr. C rar<a onp,(er'rHHTe r.rHeprI,noHHH rrapaMerpr,r Ha oBeHara e Bbg*
BaJra Ha 6yranHara MarxsHa

(rnanHa

oc

\rJrn Aa-

pay.Hyc^

r,t rxHporrnHa
raBa

b:(6-18) nr, xraeio it, e MoAy,xbr nu non.no"o.

r,

(paeeH Ha paAr.ryca Ha AeJrr4renHara oKp.bxHocr)

To_

I-loctossHara qacr -/. na npreeeAeHHn MacoB raHeprlr40HeH MoMe.HT A'bJI)I(ld npeAI'IMHo Ha Macure Ha 3BeHara' npeAaBare.rlHl4Te oTHorueHHff MOK,q,y KoHTo t4 tilaBHHfrT BaJr ca rocroflHHlr. Ctraacso (9.2), cneABa

ce

ls:r,:; *,(?)'*
i=l

ff:1:p.n/!b;, tg,
K'bAero p

Jr,:t

rn,r!, kg.tuz,

r,, (#),,

i=r

[,]rbrHocTTa Ha MareprraJra. llpn no-ronenaa gr6Hn ro.nefla ce orq'rdra od.lex.raeaHero Ha Aerali,rdie, pea,{fi3rdpdHo uped brsoqpeo yMno)xaBaHe Ha roe$nqneura k:0,4_0.2, "r*rpa"^ raro ce ne6npa' noMMKara crorisocr npu no-toneMrr Ko4e.rra. 3a pasr.nex Aalnnn npuMep I /s,: 1,212.10-{ kg .trrz, Fnr:0,33 kg, /s,:1,395. l0-a kg. mz, ,/1;10,3 . 10*4 k-g. fiia; -/5n: Q,l25 . 10-4 kg .mr, /su :0,784 . 10:4 kg . *t

KbAero ce cyMnpa r{o gBeHara Ha arperara, cnoMeHarH no_rope. (Ma_ 94Ia sa MoroBltJrKara ce cMqra sa paanpe,rl,eJreHa e ruapHnpdre ir _
I l. .) Qirr. ' 3a paernexAanufl npuMep I, rrfi K?To rD,:ro,,

plt B TfJIoro My,

n3T:bHrIBaHe 11 Ap: O6neN,Iaeagero

ce

Jc: Jxut2mMA .r\+ Js,* sntr(fj;

)'* " . ,". (#)'* + (J s * Js,) (#)' u (./s, + -/,"") (#)' :

3a npuuep II

. /",:205.10
Ja-4,51.

-6kg

.nP, m22,:pz*mz,:0,142kg,
10-a kg. m2,

J3,;:Js;{Js"':5t64.

o2,073. 10-3+2 . 0,19 . 0,0321 0,1212. l0-3+2. 0,33 . 0,0142 -I+2 .0,1395. 1o-a4(0,03. l0-3+0,0125. 10*B) .0,24b62+ +(0,0784. 1g-a10,0071 . 10-). 0,1552: 2,75 . l}*lkgmz. flplr npecrurrraHero ce oruuia, qe s:2 (6pofi Ha carernrare)

10-6 kg . rnz -/5n: T,S7G .10-B

kg.

llm

m2,

: r+3L:t or i{d-3r u;: #:0,2456 ro ,H O!1 Zl

lr)

--

=4,071 (trrn:to6),

14 uepqaou u,r".'ro'"IJi,l'it' ;""" HoBrire BanoBe ce ; npecr!ffTar no,u,ar,egrzre B gaha:':,wf,Ta npa,5azenr:eJItr gaBncvMocra., 3a npnuep I nHepuuoH"""t roranr Ha KoJrrrHoBufl rlail Ha ABwtareJrg n Ha poropa ua pa6orHaTa Marrrrrua cA ctorserno:

li*lu.' ;'

Dl^ .9a-

-0.+S26,

rrri

rcaro

t;

/*"

0,3 pv2

(i0

r)5

!,3 d3

2,15 .

l,l12.

( I 0 . 0,3)6

2,07 B

.l 0-3 kg . m2,

0).. ifo*-.' 't2 oz t r

rDt,,t

'-G
n\
()[

.-: ... r!
,"

Jpo,:25 .10-6 Mn
242

''

(rf

tvt*1,

25 .

l0-6 .0,a7

0l

l-3,2156 22 ---- 21 ,t _ 0.24s6 01

r t" 28 -rr)36,
:

29

QO,+7

12:0,071. l0-4.

#"

"; (':, ' rz) :l

:-

(2s+29) .0,24-(

-r.'iii tt'

,,t*.

3n:
3a
J

0,155, r'bft Karo

,;u:*:fr

.#:+,ozt
-f s

#:0,++0.

npnnaep

II, rrfi K?ro {0r:t0u,

.

"-

^,

* 2 . n*e. rzo * J s"* (Js,* r; (*J'

mzz,(?)t

*
+

I.sAeto tt6 e MacATa na 6yraaoro (ma:O,\rn,,0,gS.m*, e,7S.m, c6orBeTHo 3a saAaHr.rfl l, 2 n J), a ni., cborBerHara qacr er Mt. cara Ha MoroBr{nKara. crofiuocrnre Ha AJrr(El ce rpecMsrar npes l5o na E (0(p{360o), raro sa npeme4Hocr ce pa6orn c ra 6.ruqa

* srzz, (#)' *,r", *r,"J (#)'

:
+ro
vt

0,1 66

2 . 4,532. 0,1 1 2 + 3 1,55 . 10-6 + (7,57 6 + 4,51). 1 0-6 . 1,422 +3 . 5,64 . l0-6. 4,232 +3 .0,142.0,051122+ + (205 a 3,586) . l0-6 . 12,72:0,278 kgm'.
t)4

[-lp"

npecMflraHero

ce orrrlrra, qe s:3 (6poft Ha careaurn)

__20: _1 4, ^' '?' 24 14

3t0

:'O:_26 to5 tr'rs

*:#

'r ff:O .(-t,42)-= _12,7, rrft raro ^H tfo: i}o:r+++: I *z{#:e, Vr+ r,):il .$ {"r+"r1: -1,429'VL e4+ 48):-0,051 6e,
.-9!: (05
ot'-:4,2J
uH
T,E

2n
E r.ad

Oun. I1.5

trfi

xaro

rDl ol-oFl o12tI2-oH

_-12,7+1,42 _ _ zz___j1: _o : '5 '5 -- n24--^ 62 aH ,, .- +r'42

(,)5 (l)S
0)b

ua MacoBnrr r{HeprIHoHeH MoMeHT Ha c HepaBHoMepHo ABHN(eHue rrpn paBHoMepHo BT,pTeHe Ha rJraBHara oc ToBa ca 6yranara, yBerrzrleHn - MoroBaJrrara. Ttfi Karo c'brJraccbc cborBerHara rlacr or Macara Ha Ho SaAaHI4ffTa arperarnre cbA6p)r{ar no ABa nAeHrnqHr.r KoJrffHo-MoToBI'IJIKOBIi MexaHug'bMa I n II, pagMecTeHr{ no Qasa B gaBncr{Mocr or K&HeMarHqHaTa cxeMa, lpecMrlTanero ce u3B6puBa 3a eAfiHr.rfl or rfx (osuaveu c I Ha sa,4aHuero). cKopocrra ua xolrnoro OA (Snr. 11.4) e o,., sa cKopocrra
afperara ce ,[,.brx{n Ha
LJr(,g)
Macr4Te

flponneulneara

qacr

Ha TorIKa .B

uoxe Aa ce

Hanr{ure npn6.rIa3nTeJrHara 3aBrlcuMocr

'
roraea 3a

I rsin2o\.
MoMeHr
3a

3n

2n

V,rad

eI;uul,lfl, KonffHo-MoroBr.rJrKoB MexaHH3bM c:btnacno (8.2) cneasa

npoMe*rr;;;TJ'::-";;;';;:l-,""."
ntBt( sn

@ar. I1.6

arl: (m6 { m", (3)o :

244

r-}.

I' sin2e)2, kgm2,

B crceAna rpaQa Ha ra3r, c ilonyqeHara croriuocr ce 3anucsat crorlHocrure ua A"{r(g), paBHr.r ua A.{ (e), Ho cbc cboraerHo Qasono HsMecrBaHe. flo-Harartr ce 3anucBa o6uagr [poMeuJrrrB MacoB HHepuHoHeH MOMeHT

245

AJ,

(q):A{(e)+ A.{r(e),

kemz,

Tr6.rl

sua ll.5

einar<"",'"rii
Ta6r Nua

xoftro ,ce, oHarJleArltsa c AualpaMa. 3a pesrrrexAaHltfl npunlep I npeclrnnraHero e l{38:bPilr.eHo s ra6n' nariecenH croliuocrure Ha A-f (9) n A{r(cp)_11.5. B'rpa$g $-_y_flca
riaro"'Hr{rr{a Qasono r{sMecrBaHe B Mexagr{gt[ure. O6u{a'
114

| + I ,, I /,,, -l l- n, I ,i I | .,n,- .,,' i ;r -,;rl .n'l I *

' 3s,3 J r,,, l8r I t z lro,+l 2a160,3 I a lz:t 3 ri0,3 I 5,35 322 I I

;i .'-

I i
I I

I I I I

;t\i'i'i'--iigi 5 2l,sl B,e

148 +',i 4.3 3l,l 3l,l I I tea 20,e 35,6 | 7 45 i3 3o;1 86,2 | ttroo l4 'i6,2 3z,o I olo 582 ib r 15,1 ss,s I 567 648 t6 lrr;-z 40 I ose ;[ I 4t,7 | t,l;o t 132.4 t7 I 4r ) sz',q 18 lzt,z 42 42,3 | luo ll ri t2

s l:l r t{ I lB2 I 190 r 5,2 l0 ,1.3 r ls.'r 06,6 I 54 I 6.4

trt 6 2:.AI lo,7 J I2c2 7 53 I rz,a | 715 7a s sa ll,6 I | tsz 13,6 | ars 8a 2i

I I 0 I 3.3; I t11,7 | 3,35 i I , I rzo't r 4,s

4,3;l25,4 '1,e; I zs,a | | 2l I | 26,6

i I

I
tt
ti.'24
?1,2
27,1

i
I I

'24t

0
1d li)

36?0

5150
qa!
<

i; i;j;
lzt,z

15,2 I I ls,z | rS4 | t0+ I 32,6 I ze,s | I 23,5 I

I ao,z I zt,s i I to,q | 28,7

qtl titt{ Vto

7,!q s?q eoo gqq 982

4l

2820
1 4900 22600 13560 13700

ez's 33,4 aa,l I

30 I 30 31.3 i 31,3 :

16

r00

log'l

il2o

34500 26300

Ta npoMeu,{irBa qacr Ha I{HeptII'{oHIIrifl

r,foMeHT Fia

arpelara (rpaQa 10)

neoSpaserra 3a npuoaep II n$ecnanraHero e HBBbpr''eHo s ra6n. 11.6. T'sit xaro e 90o, crofisocrn@aeoaaia pa'anntra'u ABaTa MexaHr{B'bil{a Ha arp^etata peAa. Harope' urect B c rpa@a cnptlMo paeuecreHlr o rpa$a 9 ca

na rfr.r.

11.5.

ie

OT HHAI.IKaropHaTa ALIatpaMa Ce o[peAenqr croiiHocrllTe Ha l{aJlflraHeT0 B.bpxy 6yrano'ro 3a BCttKo oT B'bBeAeHtrce24 nofloliteHl4f Ha MexaHI'I3-

pesynrartr or npicoootaHero rpa4a 10, e nao6paeen Ha $rar. 11.6. - MoMeHT Mn Ha IO3HII]1OHHI?Te cIiJIH 3a onpe4e,ritge Ha rpTBeAegr.tf

.c'btllfitl !'lxcT ce l{SqepTae noAXoAflIIIO OplIeHTlIpaH _KOiItlI{0-MoToBI',L'IKOBHfir r4exaHI{s'E'M B lu^aqa6a Ha AilarpaMara' r. e' k,:k, m/mm (Sllr'

e yao6Ho Aa ce IzsBbplilI{, Karo ce HSKonHpa B'bpxy [po3par{Ha }iapTr.rr{ trFrA?IKaTopHa ALIalpaMa oT 3aAaHIIeTO, cJIeA, I(OeTo Ha
Ma. Toea

!1.7 u 1l.B). MexaHI43M'br ce I'I3r{epraBa sa 9:0, 15,30" u r' I{'' rprl KOeTO Ce OTqr{TaT B mm CrOfiHOCrnre Ha Ha,IIfilaHeTo p oT ClbOrBeTHufi x,rou. Karo ce non3yBa (8.2), etsegeHl{re Berle o3HaqeHufi n r!nr' 11'4'
642

fl

247

Sa6rnua ll.5

*npolureuue

3a [pI{BeAeHI{fl

MOMeBT Ha IIOSHqHOHHT.TTe CH.IIU Ha eALrH KOJIflHO-MOTO-

BrrJrKoB MexaHHsbM (oenareu

t's

saAaHnero) cner,sa

Mt,(v)P' &ttr

,,

I ++ F. oo:

tgpkoT

I D2r(sin

q--2

sin 29

J'N

.t,

N.m

s-

442,5rS
4,916
9,E32

-o
lilrl

0 0 0

0
0

0
0

t0,5473
16,753
21,851

t0,547
16,753

33,505

--21,851

43,70
45,556
33,1

14l,t7 t tDsr. I1.7

lrlli

t
3,5
6 8

-10,1I -23,4
-42,757

-2a,223

22,778
16,55
2,77 4

22,778
16,55
2,77 4

-46,2 -85,51

-79,3
-91,061
-107,514

5,647

lili

-70.

-164,4
-182,5

14,69

82.236

14,69

-2e,38
,908
rh

-91,268

-91 -60,724 -60,

149,7 304,227
287

-3 r ,23 l-3

-28,454

t,23

,47

!20,06

-121,4
299,s72 608,454

-20,83

0lg

l-zo,aa

-40.67
40,67

-80,778
258,902 545,981

ililr

149,786
3C4,227

zo,oss
31,236

20,34 5

31,236 28,454

62,473 56,908
29,38

ffih

287,82
201,1 6

s75,65
14,69

518,7 41

t?

14,69

372,94
298

@ur. I1.8

t2
8 6
4

1.6"56

146,56

293,r

_-j_l---_

az,osol 32;6861 es,szi

-Z,Ztt -5,547 33,1 -16,55 l-r0,ss -22,77 l-zz,tt -45,55 43,70 I ,85 l-21,85
-16,753
t0,547
1

2,774 I

217,9 t66,762 442,598

109,076 442,904 75,B7

3,5

2r,r82l 2t,Lszl
t-,-

42,365

6,7 53

2,5

ll
248

9,86i I,86 I ts,72 l,ea4l r,s34l 3,86e2 ;-,ojol0

-33,505

443,0J2

r{6Aero Fe ragosara cnlra Bapxy 6yra.noro. I-lonoxnre.leH gHaK ce r{3-. 6upa, aro raliooara cr4Jra e HacoqeHa no cKopocrr u iu ea saAasne x B raKr paoruapeHue (180(9{360") u sa BaAaHns.2 u 3 B 'ra(r sacMyKBaHe (180(9(360'); e ocrana,rrure cnyqan ce ne6xpa orpuqarenen 3HaK. O6u1um MoMeHT Ha rro3nr{r{oHHnre cilnu C oflpe.r1er'rf or

40,8 15 442,98

M"(q):Mt"(v)+M,J (d,
KaTo Ce oTrrr4Ta o6gcgenoro eeue ,4e$aeupaue Ha KO,lflnOBilTe
Hn3Mu;

-4,916

-9,832

442,831
442,585

M"(q) ce onar,rreaana

MCXS*

rpa$r.rxa. sa oTcellKllre

3a pasr.rIexAannfi npuMep I orqnrasero

p e

I{3Bbp-

249
lilil

s'

TaGaRqa I t.6
$ N i
N

Ta6ruqa 11.16

npoAtnll(en se

o 6i

.J

tr

d
I

O
I

$
c

': +\b

lo
I
0,966

l5

0
I I I

30 45 60 751
I

0,5
0,707 0,866 0,966

0, I 595

0,1675 0,a415

0 0,0281

901

I
0,866 a,707

0,19;i 0,1585 0,0915

0,il66

0,366 0,317
0,1 83

---tll

0.634

0.6+g, 0, ) '14\0,:573 0,0587 0,683, 0,0J6 10,0537 0,707 0, )1 1110,0406 0.6Y3 0,02;610.0??4 o;576 o,o3s2 0:0063

\O,OSrZIO,OSlZ

*68,16

0,866
0,707

0,524 0,2746 0,7075 0,5006 0,8745 n,7647

1

0,5 0,259
0

-0,183

105
120

I I

0,966 -0,0e15

t35
150

-0,1585

|
I I I I

165

0,5 0,259
0

-0,193
0

t585 -0, *0,0315

0,0915

t80

r83 -0,259 1,0496 - 0,5 0,89 0,7921 0,6585 0,4366 -Q,7J7 -0,866 0,35CI5 4,1228
1,a245 0 0

I,0575

! 1,1

0,317 0,183 0 0,18e 0,317

-0,366 -0,317

-0,966

0.3661 10,0512 0.0J81 0,0573 0,0063,0,u636 0,053710,0224 0,0761 -d.317 * J.707 0,0 106 J,0{06 0,0812 1 ;o{J 0,u22 1l J.0537l0,076l 1,2s3 0,006310,0573 0.0636

ri,05l2r0

0,0597 0,0547 0,048 0,0155

-9

-0,5 -2,5 -4,5

-.15

-0,238

-2,42 -6,7 18,08

l9s *0,?59
210
|

2251
i
|

-0,5

240 -0,866 255 -0,966

4,707

?85 -0,!166 - 0,0? l5 3oo - 0,866 -il,1585

I

27al

*t

-0,3505 0, i 223 -0,966 -0,6535 0,4366 - 0,866 -0,89 0,79 21 - 0,70 7 0,1585 - I,0245 i,rl4l6 0,5 0,0r l5 - I tJo/D 1,1 I 83 -0,259 * t' 0 i) I
0, l s85 0,1 83

-1

0,360
0,317

0,r83
0

- l,q6Q I """rq'g?i? I'Rql? 0,0455 0. )063,0,0392 - I1,2n3 ,r24 o, 0,, r 18 - ,049 0,0 t06 9,6256 0.0141 0,0547
-0.707 0,0537
ft,3OO .,6

-24 -69,16 -38 -l14,13 -49 - I142,6 18,8 -47 - B?,9

"-47

-38,2

14,14 - 114,37 - I141,6 * r 18,8 -145,02 125,5 *87,9 - 105,98

-68,

16

0 5,008 1o,74
t7,Q7 2'2,26

16,36

i6,86
7,838

0
15

2,83

-46,8 0

-85

38,8 50,5 26,3

-68,16 _75,33

23,2 r6,86
2,83

- 1,4,96 -11,q2 -28,99 9,56 - 3t,92 - 2,48

| |

80 45 60
75 90
105 120 135

-20,72 0l
3

16,86
|

20,72

23,55
15,86
0

-47 *47

*46,8

-4,4 0
0 0 0

-92,r - 14,96 -93,5 -28,99 -91,3 *46,8 -31,82

o
88,B

t,82

j
I
I |

-39 -27 -10

0
0 0 0 0 0

0 3s,B 50,5

-20,72 0
2{1,72 31, tJ2

50,5
25,3

- 16,86 -2.83 -23,5!: 16,86 - 16,36 -i.-2,18

|

28,q9 14,96

l5c
165 180

-0,'183 * 0,317 -0.317' 0.0s8 0,0573 0.0014 0,0587

0,.106 0,0197

1,5

z5,.5

o
0 0 0

28,99
14,9 6

4,4 0

-4'4 0
0

-23,2 *22,26 -17,07

-10.7

l.r5
210 225
ii ii

9,56

t1,92
4,22

330 *,1,2,59 345 I 360

i
|

3i5 *0,5 -0,7a7 -0,1B3

I

0,8745 a,7 647 -0,7{r75 0,5006

{},253

0,366
0,317
0 0,1 83

0,0;tZ

r),576 " 0,03.r2'0,001

0,1

58r

-0,524
0

a,27 46

-0

-0,i)9 i5 -0,1675 0,0281 0

0

-0,3415

0,1166

a,707 0,866 0,96ri

1

-c,183

j3

0.70;
I

{ 0,0 t06 0,0256 0,006 10,0262

o,05l2lo,0512

it

10,0512

0 0 0
0 0
0 0

u,J l7 0,317 0,366

o,ffi4lo lll

0.01 41 10.0 14t 10,0282 o"os3',,OOO IO,OZOS'O,OZ62 (),6491 0,0014 0,03921 ),0406

-38,2 * 68,1 6

6,7 -18,08

-2,42

-0,238

-0,238 *2,42

- r6,86 *2A,2
-22,26
t7 ,07 0

-2,83

-7,838 -5,00s1 16,86 0l

255
285
315

-38'2

6,7 -18,08 -

n,a7
22,26

5,00s1 10,74
I

r8,19

-11;52

| |

-rc,74 _ 5,008

lt,52
18,l9
16,86
13601

3{5

-68,16

16,86

rpa$rzre 12, 1,3 u 14 ca Har{eceun c.borBerHo Mr,(q), Mrl(:$ c $aeoBo orMecrBarle Hlir'ra u M"(V), or{ar,lreAeur{ ua @ur. 11.9. 3a npuuep II aHa,lori{'ruo ca o@opueHa Srlr. 11.8, xo.rroHw ll-14 .ua ra6.r. ll.6 n Snr. 11.10.

rlleHo Ha Srzr. 11.7, t<aro npu g:S 6yra.roro e B AonHa MbprBa roqKa," OrqereHure orceqKn ca r{anecenr{ e xo,roHa 11 sa rafu. 11.5. B

Kb/{ero n<24 e 6poar nu nonoLa"nflTa Ha MexaHH3Ma; F"-nnqeTo Ha .qaarpaMara, M"(g) re,m2; ko vt k* ca ctorBernnTe naaula6uu IuoAynH. llo.nyueHnre crofiuocru rpn6sa ga cr,oraercraybat Ha Ho
MHHa,IIHI,Ifl MOMeHT Ha KHHeMaTHqHLITe CI{,'iH IIO SaBIiCItMOCTTa

Cpe4uurr

MoMeHT Ha no3r.{LluorrHr.rre cr.rJln

.tpon Ha r.r3B6pnreHr.rTe AoTyK npecMflraHufl rro

CIIMOCTi{

ce

onpeAe,'rrr 3a KoHeAHa or ABeTe SaBH-

&ltrr4

M* - n*: X4cP . tt"prpw (saaauue 1) MNftw.\"*: Mf,P . n,p (eagauue 2 u

3).

3a paaraexAaur.rrr rpnMep I
M""o:

l . Mio:*Z*,, unw u,p- [^"*rrd,p:*F*;k,.k*,

25A

2t

j-6,667.0,0349 .2160:80,01 N.
470 . 650: 80,01 . 4200 . 0,9.

3a npnuep II
251

ilil

Mn

Mq, rlm

ilY
flponeprara
aeHcTBa.

:+

1,25. 0,0349. 6400

:44,4 N.

3,89 . 3640 . 0,9

44,4. 286,6.

IIoKa3Ba orKJIoHeHne

oKono lo/s

oln nropnre pa-

11.2.4. XaparrepHcrl{Kltre Ha ycral{oBeHl'Ifl pe)KHM Ha arperara

BHAA

CC IONYI{ABAT OT AHQCPCHIII,IANHOTO YPABHEHI{C 3A ABIT)I(CHNC,'HA TJIAB'

HI'I'I BAJI (8.3), TOCTO B CNYIIAff NMA

M* (a) + M, (q) : J, @)

$ +$

41ey.
lrli

,o'o'o-..-- 37,
t'o-:*c*'

Kaxro 6e noqcneHo B T. 8.4 or ocMa rJIaBa, nocfleAnoro cr6upaeMo AocrarbqHo roqHo Moxe Aa ce BaMeHLI c BernquHataM6(g):

:*.?rJI(g)

npu6nLIsIrreJIHLIff MoMeHr Ha IIHepqHoHHHre cLrrIrI Ha

nepMaueHTnoro ABr4x(eHHe. ce noryqaBa

C sreeAenuTe o3HaireHnt aa

nocJIeAHHfl

Mq(q):M'q(e)+Mf, (r),
Qur. 1l'9
K'bAeTO

twtr(d: nzar'ofo(sin 9 r!- l.in z9 9-r cos 2e) )tcos @ cr6npaeMoro, [opoAeHo or KoJInHo-MoroBr.IJrKoBHg MexaHl,rg'bM, 03 HaireH Ha saAannero c I. Crofisocrnre na Mtr@) ME(g) ce npec" Mrrar B fisnongyBanrzre Beqe ta6tur1u, Karo ce orur{Ta Sasonoro ue MecrBaHe Ha ABara MexaHH3bMa. Peeyarartn M"(cp) ce oHarJreArBa c Ar{afpaMa. 3a paer.nexAaHnff npr.rMep I npecnamauero ce rzoB'bplrrBa s rpa0r,r 5-7 u 15;-17 Ha ra6a. 11.5, xaro Synrqrzara euso6paeeHaHaSar. 11.9 c npeK'bcBaHa nnHr.rs; a 3a rrpgMep ll-c'borBerHo ra6r. 11.6 n
,6ar. 11.10 -_ npeK'bcBaHara ilstns,, Ctoftsocrnre ua AEHaMHrrHriq MoMeHT ctr,Tacuo r. 8.4 or ocMa ttaza M,(q):M"(q)-Mo(p) ca onpeAeJ'IeHIz n rpa$u 18 na ABere ra6ruqu oa pagrnexAaHrzre rrpnMepn; pesynrarnTe ca neo6paseHn na Sllr. 11.11 n 11.12.
MaKcaMyM Hnr,r Mr.rHr.rMyM,

-nr:l

floaoxeHnqra Ha r,'raBHilfl tsail, npl KoI,ITo brJroBara cKopocr HMa ce olpeAeJrrrr or a6cqacnre Ha npecerlHgre TotIK[ Ha AnarpaMara M" (g) n upannre Jrr.rHHH 3a M*(,on'tn) n M*(wor"r) ctrJlacHo r. 8.4, llocleAsnre ,r1Ba MoMeHTa ce mrIHTar or MexaHl{ttIraTa xapaKTepHcTHKA Ha Ma[rrrHaTa C Kr{HeMaTIiiIq^HA Cnnil np*r

-rrrl
n'r -tL ,"1
I

.o.in:oil(l-+u),
@ur. I l.l0

ar,,u,:'tr(r +}-a)

H Ce npxBex(AaT KbM. InaBHr{r! BaI, cIeA KOeTO Ce HaHaCff B Allef

253

252

w
Mz,L

"\trt
paMara Mr(q).
TepBana
TL7qH,/.fl, MOMCHT.

ilnl
uot
l

gt'inl(?(g(max))' c' hprzertli

AaHUfr,

flpn g:g(rin)p:rD4ip H npE g:g(max)(o:(o6ay. B

JTHHeHHo

ra-r_

[3MeHeHHe Ha KHH.eMa-

3a paarlex
omin

npnMep I

500'

436,30 s-r, {o.u*: 439,6 (l f 0,007j) : :442,80 s-r. Or xaparcrepncrnKara ua pa6orHara MarxrrHa (rpe6Hnr euHr).214*u: :0, 1016 otl ce nod'IyqaBa npneeAenas" n"* A,Br{rarenf c,BbrperrrHo,
439,6

(l

-0,0075)

U)n '/max/

'" v

-&:

M*:*_ M*- unu M*(r^;n):0,000418. 436,302*7g,48 N. m, M*(unu"): : 0,0004 18 . 442,892: 8 1,90 N . m. croiiuocru Ha Sar. ll.l l ce onpeAearr pqm;r1: l85o n plmax): 9;lly
-

topeHe MoMeHT Ha KriHeMarHqHHre cHilH

ili::ffi"::,fi
^r1,1*

3a npur'lep II omin,:30(1-0,014):29,58 s-r, emar:g0 (l +0,014):30,42 s-r. B rosu c.ryuar? MoMeHT.br Ha KriHeMararrH"ra, arn,n nu nu no_ "rnu n*
.

-L)lt)

:ff

:HXH
-

it.,!;:,,':

Jilil* ^"
:

n'*

"u"'

tM rZ1

E.n

Mn(,,r.u"): !7_7_,gtl77,85-.4,446 .J0,42:42,60 N. m. C resu crorlsocrn Ha \Fr.r L' t z ce ce onpe'4'ed'IflT Sar. ' Lll.l2 ?(tlo1: 159o w Vr*r, : ggtii 11.2,5. L{uepquoHn'rrr MoMeHr Ha MaxoBHKa ce onpeAeJrfl or ABe cro6paNeHux.
v

(to.ln)

4,446 . 2g,58

46,34 N . m, ,,

lraxt

,,,,^1.:..l.:..::_":lilli HHepurroHHuflr MoMeHr

rl /": J,1* cp

sanar\eHw,rr xoeS.nqneHr

ce orpeAenn or'(8.28), u ,i*.""[*"'^""'

Ha

HepatsHoMepnocr,

lAA"

*(Vau)e_

9(min))

M*(u"o))_J,

: r; . k* k*, J; f I:-T:1 HeHHero lA' ua pa6orara,

3a
paer"re)r{AaHnq

n.,roqra, c:borBercrByBaura Ha HBMenocTosHHara qacr Ha rrpHBeAeHHfi MacoB llHepquoHeH glminl a g(max; ce BaMecrBar B. "?y.::. rad; pa6orara Moxe ^ P-r.rrure ,Aa ce onpeAe,ra ,i" op.e r{Hcr,reHo nHrer.pupaHe. .
mmzi

!r_

3a npiruep II AA' : 7' . kr. k*:522 . 1,25. 0,0349 -22,266J, orxr,Aero

@nr. 11.12 nqA

npr*ep i A.& :7" .p* .k*:2824. 6,67 .0,0349:657;13 J, orrt4em | f ,n--.^ r": - o1r rd. +ag,o:- [657,13 + (5 ,4gs-a,227X-s0,68)l- 2,7s . l1*s:. :0,1608 kg. mr.

255.

a : -oni*ou-

122,7

66 + (5,9 I 4

2,7

4)

. 4 4,47

l-0,

27B

: 6,

895 k g'mt'

3a aa ce ocurypn eAHoflocorlnocr

Ha eneprufiHnn noroK npl{ Ma-

i8.iii) ra

cldop(rcrra B Kpafi Ha eAirr{ flo4r{rlrep*aix

J{a Ce BAnruU]e

yCTAHO;:ICFIOTO .I{El.iXeHICe r\4o)I(e

rrrl a
1

Ag:gii_r*Sr or

IIII{HHIIarperaTH,ABfiraTeIqTHaKoHToecnoS}IqgoHHI{aKTHBHI{cu. a puOorHara Marrr''a c K'HeMar'vun (raxro B BaAaHHe 1), uaco' oT "ri, Br.rflT rrHepqsoHeH MOMeHT sa Heo6xoAr4Mrlff MaxoBLIK Ce onpeAenfl (8.30), unn

.:

111,

n M * (w,l I M,(W')J ".j:l9**

I

3a iraqa.,ira Toqxa i:0

3ats!{Cr{L.{oCT

npi.r peKype*TlIoro

r#>r:ffi-$,kg.mz,
nHepqnoneu MoMeHr Ha poropa Ea ABIrrareJIE' a ./i er.rrr6uBa npIrBeAeHI'ITe K'bM TJIaBHI'ln BaJI Ha ABf Macosn IrHep' pa6ornara rIrroHHIf MoMeHrH sa s'b6lwc peAyKrop l'l Ha iporopa Ha

KbAero

-f e Iraacoausr

3a vaurnHur{ atperarH, qnftro ABEraTen e c KHHeMaTHTIHH cI4JlH' *laurrna-c no.Hqr{ounu (rarto B sa^aH^e 2 n 3), uapi6or"ura , coBnffr [Heprr[{oHeH MoMeHr Ha MaxoBItKa .{, neo6xoAnMsa ocnrypfl' sage Ha eAHollocotlHocr Ha eneprufiunR noroK, ce onpeAerfl or 3a'
BacuMocrra (8.29)' nan

MAIIIHHA.

gyJrrarllTe ce olrarureArBar c nparpr.rxa. 3a orpege.rarie Ha cKopocrra Ba pa3rneAaHuTe r.Ba rrpuMepa ca 'ca'craBeHrr rpasu 19 crorner'. 0r ra6n. ll .5 a 11.6, xarol .pa$"on-

Ce n36rpa Do/'tox{eFrHeTo go:g(min) H o)0:(0min" f,IpiCoar" lio==n f 12, rcaro raur.n.nrJro ce r43'r,prrrBa r{Jrr{ sa eA,l' -\p: ],1 :._ pHoA) Ha, ycraHoBeHoro ABH)KeHr{e, r4rrr. *11"f Ao noflyqaBaHe , -(fie o(?;t'Zii):$ (g;). i4snoa:ytsa ce onprcaHara tseqe ra6nn4a, r<'aro pe-

- J*4 7 o + AJ i. npecMrrra*e no ]:oprrara

J,

re

ca_noKasa+V Ha $rar. 11.18

\JTHOCIITC.II{ATA I-PEIUI(A

H 11.i4 ea ABara

ITCPABHOMCPHOCTTA

npr.rMepa. A* CC- NPCCMflTA Or

r rr,:i:- r -KbAero A0r*:Acr)*

'1 :f -

^ Dto.o

t .(r* _ro*. ):l_jr* \*max-smin/:'or

t%; t

t"*=Joiu-iJ

Myu*

- "f, kg. m2,

KbAero J; e F-. coBLffT HHepIIHoHeH MoMeHr Ea poropare na pa6or' rru"u *u-'"na, a.1,4 BKJIIOqBa npltBeAeHare KbM rJIaBHIrff na'n (oala na pa6otnara uaurnna) MacoBI{ IrHepusoHHH MoMeHrIl Ha poropa Ha gl6Huq MexaHI'I3'bM' ABKtareJIfl H Ha roSl'l Ha 3a pasrnexAaHllfl nPr'rueP I

nropo npnSdlil{denr,r.

ltroryqeHI{Te TaM ul{'*., H rrl;,r, CA eKCTpeMyMH Ha .LunOBaTa CKOpocr B n'bpBo upu6nuxeuug. rArK0 a'*<0,1, ce cMgra, qe roqHocrra 3a onperlennrie Ha -/* e /Joc'i'a'r'tqrril. B noorilseg c"rrv,tatt Ce HgnoJIByBa

.k7-

C.e onpeAedTr{

AHarpaMara Ati:Ato(qo).

/#:0,335.
KbAero

1g-'{ffi

10-a kg . m" -2,415. 10-3: -1,909.

He e seo6xoAnM MaxoBrIK ocurypnBaur eAHonocoquocr Ha eneprufinuR noroK' 3a npuveP II

J": Jp+ J3:: X10*a kg.*'. Trfi raro J#<q vr J,)fi,

0,335 .

l0-B kg . m2, Jn : J*,+2marz :2,415 \' '

"\,. t'^
'^\ \l

/ I

i': l:
.{
I

./,i :0,0023 i*,iot, - 0,2757: -0'2735 kg'm2' .I(bAero Ji: J*,+2ntor2 :0,2757 kg ' m', J z: J"-4:0,0023 kg ' m'' Tyr crulo /i <0 u J,)J1", r. e. He e neo6xoAnlla Beqe KopeKIII'rff fia HaMepeHl'Ifl MaxoBHK. flpu'ncuuxll atperaru MaxoBIIK'br tpn6na- Aa ce MoHrI{pa KbM Ma[rHHaTa c npoMeHJftrB AHHaMuireH MOMeHT. Tosa HarneAHO e noKa' BaHo Ha Snr. 11.1. 11.2.6. Cxopocrra Ha lJIaBnHfl BaJr Ha lrperara BGB QyHxIlnn fia nonoxeHl4ero ce onpe,u,eJls rlpe3 qHCreHO nHTelpHpaHe' Crr.nacso

\il

t.,

'..o

.\/l

rr-* "
rlnr.. I 1" l J
}

-3tt* 2

>i-*^

!t/ r04 .

,
l^ iJd

p3Bf,{e}r{Iairun npuureir
.cJ,: ri' . j-I

4J!,

-0,015

(443,00*-436,tr9): *0,0843.

lla nplinrep II
'!7 PrDo

256

3t

ri:rpcono npoexrupane

257

-{* {
A'i' 11

: - r#OO (3a'425 -29'581) : *o'oo48'

1

.2.7.llvrnoannr pelKhrt

[rr4fl Ar{HaN{Uqel] MoAeJI .r-r:{ vl_

j

r,lox'e -la. ce }la alpelara. Tofi ce roJ)rtl3g3, KaTo Ce A0n)rcIt3C.'IeABa

npn6.ru:ilre.rl-

rrl,r) ce pae6npa BpeMero (rrrarr), ea rtoeTo 'brJroBara cKopocr AocTnra crofiHocr o:0,95<rrop. Tona epeue MOX(e Aa ce noJryqrd r{pe3 perxaBaHe Ha ypaBHeHHero
nycKoBo BpeMe (a.un nycxoe
oi (ln)

0,950)cp HJItr{ o (g")

tr

0,9 5or.n.

L),

3a pasrnex Lan:as npI,IMep 1,o- J^l J,+ A"/.p:0,1636 +0,00026 :0,16381 kg. mr, /4:e:80,01 N.m. 3a 4r.r0epeHquaJrHoro ypaBHenne cJreABa
,tr6381,
OTKG,A.CTO

't-\
'r.

il.Lla

j#:

8o,o I I

-o,ooo41

Bcoz,

3t

0
i

I av*orcsa I
{.)

80,011-0,000418 oa

'C.rreA usrerpnpane H aHTnJrorapnr$,ryBaHe

ce

noJryqaBa

exn

en

t2/ i__
L

t-----

'

*-4. rtz '-- - -- n '<Dnr.

*-"-Tn-T"aa

,o(rKbAero

(-rolr v ): t -s,n +7 . 1o-6,2,

li.l

ypaBHeHHe cnpflArco ce norioxu, : o3;.**ur?lJ hfo ?, Ce nodTyqaBa 6r'bJI'L'T g":456,5 rad, sa r<oiiro ce pa3BHBa nycKOEHflT npouec.
J",t

itffiL:.,,","
+
0,2T

MOMeHT l{ npl',IBeAeHHflT M0He, qe npHBeAenHflr MacoB I]Heplu{oHeH HA AIPCIATA CA HOCTOflHTIH' 't' C' J': MCHT ItA IIO3I'IUEOHIII{TC CI{JII4 Toraea Atr$epeHqnailrloro ypaBlre-

3a npNuep IL

:;.l':;";;';

M,"

: M'p:const.

- 7* a 7 " * sil
24
,/B

hJ;v

6, I B9b

g+ 0,0537

6,52

1 kgin2,

Hfie tue aMa

BI{Aa

0),

J",,

T;

:,td.p-.M*

(o)

(ea.raHue

i),

J,, "r

d.l
dt

: M,(.l.j-

M'r' (:aAauHn

2 n 3)'

cpeAHara crotltnocr Ha fipoMeHKT,Aero Jorv: 1*1 J. + A/;n, a A,'l'p e MoMeHT'i A4olteHrtt Jl{Bara r{acr Ha npI'rBeAeEI{fi MacoB HIiepqIaoHeH Ha 6yraaHara MaBa!'Ia K'bM [pI4Bex{Aa Ha KllHel,{arlrr{Hitre ci4"rllr ce oule BE'ts BI'{Aa tul4Ha, Teg[ eaenclaliocTa lltoraT Aa Ce 3arIaUIaT

l2
6 0

/234J
Onr.

/.n do-:./'por rr' dt "r--

d,u
d'p

:.M,

(t-,)

ce Koero e gn@epeui-1uanl{o ypaanell[e SaKoHTrr Ha cKopocr[o"Iyqn ce I]{e IaHrerpltpaue rp"raunti"".'cnan ra [pe3 [Iycl(oBHs pex(!tM

C: M'p- const, o? rl'bpBu PeA c orAeJIfilIrH *C;

to

ll.l5
ypaBHeHHe

Jl,l:o:aq+ X.m. 3a 4r.rSepeuqnanHoro

6,521

cneABa

crorisocru Ha q
258

or

qpe3 I.{3ql,IcneHI'Ie Ha (l) nannepeHr.rre aHarHTHr{Hr{ r{3pa3H

LrJlH

3a cepHf floa cKopocrra" Ha ce na.nyuana rpa$nr<ara

rrr

or

(l)

HJIH

t,l:

(9).

+ :

17 7.,8b

4,446a

44,4.
H aH(I

C"leA pae.qulrue Ha npoMeHJIHBr{Te, EHTerpHpaHe

H,'IOrapnTMyBa-

,He Ce EOIyrIaBa SAKOIIRT HA .I[BI?I)I{CHI{E HA IJIABHEfl

BA.II

259

f'

a".:l

o0

30,0

i'7

.-{1

e-

ti'tial r;"

oTrotsoPl4 HA 3AIA[{I4TE

Aro s l{B:oa6a cre no"uo}i{I{ t'; == 0,95 . 30 s*l m ce peliJt't cnpsr[4o d, ce ilo"{yt];rB;] $}'Cli{}Bfi'ro Fpe[4e fs:4,3$4 S. Fia ,jrxr. 1tr.15 e lromasaH& gatsprcx{Moe?Ta $: un (f) B nycKollr.rrl
;'rpH0,{:

flopea
1.5.

?Jx&Ba

h:2, IV r<xac" 1.4. h:L lV Krac. h:5, I xnac, 1.6" lb:4, II Knac. L7. h:2, IV xnac t.8. h.:2, lV rnac.7.9. k:3,IItr m"lac. 1.10. lr:1, V rnac,. 1.11. a) ft-1, V xlac_ .6) h:3, III rcnac, n) h:1, V Krrac. 1..12. h:4, ll r<.liac. 1.13. &:31 IIi xaac" 1.14. h:2,'IV xnac. f .i5. Ferueua. 1.16. Penena. 1.17. Per' urena. 1.18. h:2 (e.qua aennruua). 1.19. h:2 (e4ua aslrurHa). 1.20 h:0 (e4na He,l.ocrarluua). 1,21. h:A (eAHa HeAoCrart,rua). tr.22. h:2. L.23.1.26. k*1. 1.27. Peruena. 1.28. @ar. 1.2a. L.29. Qne. I.2 6 u 1,.2 o. l3A. Penreria. t.\1. h:1, II Knac. 1.32. k:1,ltr rcnac. '1."33. h: i, III r<"rac. 1.34. h: l, III rnac.
tr.1. Peruesa. 1.2. Perueua. 1.3.

Bmopa ?/tallt
'2.16,

2.14. 0e:4,6 s-1, e.r: l!Q,$ g--2. 2.15. uo:0,6 mls, ap:27,2 mlsz. a^,:5 m/s, ar":470 mls2. 2.I7. .2.18. oa,-0,62mfs, aA":10 m/s2. 2.19. p":14,8 mm. 2.2A. oc:1,17 ml*, ai:S,a m/s2; toz:tou:),$ S r, 2:er:20 s-2.2.21. oz:5 s-1, tDr:Q, er:0, es:1!.$ 5-2, tc:0, ac:50 m/s2. 2.22. o":Q, 4a:60 m/sz. L23. rtc-- tr m/s, ac:1,05 mls2. 2.24. r,)r:2,8 s-1, er:56 s-2. 2,25. vr:9,6 mfs, au:420 mls2, p:2tr8 mm, r!)6:t,r4-33,5 s-1, 6:4: *340 s-'. 2.26. oo:4,,56 m/s, ao:428 m/s2, ror:ol:6,6s-1, e2:e4: :50 s-e. 2.27. 9.30", ur:5,85 m/s, ae:1200 mls2. 2.28. floa: :0,96 mls. 2.29. oo:11,4 m/s, ao:I&0 mls2. 2.30. vu:1,02 m/s,
dr

ei:llq,OZ s-2, oz:2257 s-1, z:1920,5 s-2. 2.35. sa:0,09 fr, 'uB: :0,77 mls, a":172,1 mls2.

34 m/s2, trl,

7,4 s-L,

eb

84 s-2. 2.32'

ds

1,5

tad,

og

40,880 s-1,

e R, npn Koero e noJr]AreHo reoMeTpHtlHor0 MflcTo Ta. flpu R:220 mm, g:JQc. 3.11. Or Auarpanrara ca flsdpaHI{: gr:7", gz:25", gr2: lBo, g':44o (qzg:19') fi e OTqeTeHoi 41 :25o, ez:3l,5o (arz:29o), da:9Bo (ars:66,5o). flo-uaratlr ce pa6orn xarro B saAaqa 3.10. 3.12" <Dnrypata. I&6upanre rpn ror{Kn or tpae*ropr.rnra (M1, M2, Mg), roqKa C, pa,nayca R:CB w BM. Onpe.qeJlffMe Rt, B, n 83. C.ne4 I,IB6npaHe Ha r. ^41 oEpeAensMe A2 u As, a orraM r. O. 3.13. Peruesuero e anarornlnto KaKTo B aar. 3.5. Aro 26r
BapHpar{

MHoro perxeHlrn. 3.7. r:35 mm, l: 185 mm. 3.8. r:65 ilrfir, l:192 rrm. 3.9. 3aqa.rara IrMa MHoro pelxeH,Hr. flpu e:0 ce ronyqaBa: r-83 mm a L;,=100 rnm. 3.10. [Ipn Q:39 fltn, g:]$o,

::t:z:^rx:HMa
R:107
mm sa

26tl

-?r
ce r{36epe r. O B'bpxy oKpbxHocrrak,rat<a qe t. O Aa dex([ Hanpe' ceqnilqara Ha cnuerpanara B"L H oKptxHocrra ft, ce no.nyuamr cJrer.Hyrre pe3ynrarH: r:57 mm, L:lB2 mln H d:I45 mm. MexaHI.r3Mbr e c n'bJIHo npeBtpraue Ha Bo,{,eu1oro seeHo 1.

Il-lecma zrraqct 6.3. TpanenaguoHuo' ABuxeqara ce eBonBeHra ce rpaHc@opMspa B npaBa. 6.5. flpoQr.rJrcr Ha HHcrpyMeHra cbBna.qa c npoQnai Ha MexAysr6nero ua gr6soro KoJr,eJro c no-Manr,K 6pofi ,st6n. 6.6. MaxcnMaJruoro orxroHeHrie, orqereHo tro HopManara, e 0,27 mm. 6.9. Agr: : lo8',. Agz:23'.6. 10. e HaMarflBa or 1,714 aa 1,382. 6.17. xr: :0,35 l, rr: . 6.12. IloAxoA,surl.r perrenns ca z1- lJ, zz:33; -0,351 (i:2,538) c KopeKrlr,rn xt:l yt x2:Q,)'12, raKTo yt z1:13, zr:J4 (i-2,615) c KopeKIIHH tr:0,.653 vr x2:0. Kopexqgure ca ne6pann no 6aoruparr{ KoHryp sa 21:13, zr:11.
C

edua

?.odso

7.5. @3:230,56 N; Mq":16,1 N . m. 7.6. @r: 120 N; M*,:0; Q2: . :540N; Mo":284N. m; @r:Q, M*.:42,6N.m. 7.7. Mq:192N. m. 7.8. Me,: 10 N .mi M*":27,75 N. m. 7.9. N*: 1000 W. 7.10. Q1:

:2300 N; &1*,:132

.m; @2:7000 N; ulf*":66 N .mi @e-

1800 N.

7.11. M@.:0,00225 N.m, @r* 14,32 N, M*,:0,956 N.m; @n: 100N. 7.12. @:Bl5B,4 N; OK:0,525 rn; p:78o41'; H:A,514 m. 7.13. @",:17,25_ N: @,.:83,475 N; @",:3,75 N; @r:10,35 N; @B:39,375N"

[Iem,a zr,aqa

5.6.nu--76min-l.5].i$:--62,q,-nu:.-75min-l,no:--l2min-1' 5'16. ir,r:4. 5'11-' 4rr-1i5' 5'12' 5.s. "|; i,'r-0, irr:-64.- 5.9.'?rr:36.1' min- 1'
:" i1rol ir:i, n, :- - lio tniii-t. 5.1 3. n o,,: - t o mi n-- rr, - B 3'3 5.15, tor:40-,9 1-t'. 5'19;?g:2 s-1' 5'17' nn:400 min-r, na:}'. 5'.L4. -r,Jzoo " min-1, 6) nn:400 min-r. 5.18. i ra- 19,85' 5'19' r'rn: Zl' Zis rjt. s.zo. irr:2,f+,irs:1,36. 5.21. nr:33 m^i1^t' 5'2b' lrr: !2?' t'1r,: :35. 5.23. z:0,6dm/s. 5.24.1ar:1365. 5.25. \o,:'21|2' :4356. 5.27. iA:-2,5. 5.28. iro:410,86. 5.29.- !ryr741,9, 5'30' a) ,r:g,g's *inti,' h:-9,46 min:"1. f.31. a) i1s:1,17, 6) itu:-2'4'
B) ir6
'262

7.39. 11:0,46. 7.40.

4up:114 N.m. 7.19. Ror-Rrz:Roz:158N; Mvp:I2,4 N.m. 7.20. Ra:200 N; /la:BO N.m. 7.21. Ror:Rrs:Rgi:1414,2 N; RfJ': :2000 N; ffr:3960 N; Fuo:2828 N. 7.22. RBs:208 N; Ros:78 N; Rrz1610 Ni &a:323 N; Ror:Rrr:336 N; Mrr:27 N.m. 7.23. (oo: :1000 Ni Rzr*4,2 kN:Riri R63:{s2-5,2 kN; Ror:Rzr:2,37 [N; Mvp71000 N .m. 7.24. &o: t6,ZO N. 7.25. Fyp:3000 N. 7.26. Frr:195,56. Ros:2120 N; Rrz:2000 N, Rzs:1200 N; Myo:74 N. m. Ror:1080N.7.32. ?l:0,71. 7.33. RI05-1427,7 N; &1lr:3N.m; ft1,* 2039,6 N; zly'fr:9,69 N . m; M!r:7 ,43 N . m; Mlr: Mlr: 7,44 N . m. 7.34. No:9,915y7, N,:0,0375 W, Na:0,008W, Mc:0,216W' 7.35. 11:0,43. 7.36. a(59". 7.37. F:64 N. 7.38. Rrz:60 N, F:63N.

7.17- Rlz:Rrz:1188 N; R{r:O; Rze:850 N; Ror:1188 N, Ruu: *-1380 N; Mno:51,8 N. m. 7.18. Ror: &z:1210 N;Rsa:Roa:1028 N.

l/a":

1B

kW.

Ocua zttasa
sin g N. m. 8.4. J::0,0085 kgm2,./e,0:0,056 kgm2, Ml: :37,5 N. *" : Mn! 100 N . m. 8.5 .J,: 0,07 4 kgm', M,: 10 N . m. 8.6. J, : A,025 kgr:nr, p.7. J,:9,763 kgmz, M,:33,3 N.m.8.8. J,:4,987 kgmz, 4-,:21{.m. M,:477,37 5 N. m, ar:1,197 m/s2.8.9. Jr:0,673kgmz,4V|,:69,34 N. m, tu,o 846 kg, F,n:2459 N. 8,10. a) J,:9,9279 kgm2, 6) J,:g,g342kgm2,

8.1. Peuresa.

:5

8.2. Perrresa. 8.3. /r-0,01 (l nsinr g) kgmr, M,:

1.

{i'
B) Jr:C),A275 kgms' 8.11. 'r":0,00145 kgru', M,:A35 Nm.-&12' "/"= kgm2, M,--trO firn, nr:2I6 kg, 4: -66,5 hi, l:32,48, s s: g'15" perrteria. 8.16. p: :162,53 m. 8.t9. PerueHa. 8.14. Peruena. :0,00113. 8.17. eo:140,2 s-2, goe - II,2 rad, 0o+:56 s*1. 8.18. {tcm* *gg,02 s*1. 8.19. (l}:100J-T:e ilia-, o)cm:100 s-1, /,:97,9 s" 8.20. or:33,33 (1-e-sr;, (o.n:33,33 s-1, /':0,998 s, B'21.
JIITTEPATYPA

:4,9

:85,5i. +:i^-**,a1, ' "1+0,i46 e*tDna

t

PeueHa. 8.31. Peruega. 8.32. 8:0,0259, e (W):0,333 M, (q). 8.33D:0,023, e tp):M, (p) nper k" :rf . 8.34. D-0,166. 8.35. qtcp:
L

s, lo,ss:2,33 s' 8,22, to:135,56 (7*s-ta'ia r), or.r:135,56 s*1. 8"23. u:62,v (1-e-o'+r1 s-t, oN: ta,s:5,75 s. 8.24. o)r. p:18 s-.1, lo:0,i7_tl.i!Liq{0 (')f*:57,82F1, o:/533,3 8.26. . 9,56 s-i. 9-2!,rSA 8.27. e1: :573,33 s-x-sa rpare cnyqat. 8.28. Peurena. 8.29. Peruena.
^_LrO.t

&)cm-85,5 S-1, ls,5:0,25

8.30"

l. KoacTaHrunoe M. c, u np. TeopHn Ha MatIluHiiTe u uexauusullre. c.,Texsura, l9B0' rrl. Tunonue 3araq' rro reopun Mexa'nsMoB n uaulNn. Xap. 2.;?;';;'";-6. xos, 1976. S. An'";oosil,r H'.8' Teopax MexaIrH3MsB H MauIuH' Mlrncx, i970' +" noro6oree cxuia14. tr4.'Teoput Mexa$u3MoB H MaIIIIIH. M., Hayxa, 1979" s. apro6o;reecrHfi v\. L1., E. B.3aelsllrreiis. c6oputllt 3a,qaq no reo' oH-lt tuexaHustrloB I'I Ma[IuH M.' Hayxa' 1973. M. M""un""a ;'arunu-pacqerbr c rpr,rlegeHger-r 31IBM. 6. f;';;;;;;-i-"-W. r. 11. s ap. cnpanounlr no KoppeKrnpoBanr.rc sy6uatnx roF;";;;;c*i" lec. M., Marurse, 1962. S.BDr.I""sonA.f.,U.K.Hegen,M'tr4'Mu'{'ros'3aAaqfir'IxypcoBo' - nob"*t"o"Re no TMM. C', Texnura, 1968. -s.-A. g. i:";;;;;"-" aeo'r!,neHryHoil :y6uarofi nepe'aua' M"' o.no"ot 'eopl,'
?.
I !iti9. MauuHocrDoestle, -b.1!169.

K., Texnuxa.

1978.

8.37. D:0,021, l.n- 1,528 s, (o:l-607J4:64,s1,; r1:r,7f qt'. 8.38. D:0,111. 8.39. D:0,304. 8.40. /":3,69 kg*'. 8.41. mr:7,2k9. 8.42. ./*:0,59 kgmt, m*:9,4k8. 8.43. ./*:g,574kgmz, rzzu-6,38 kg. 8.44. Jo:4,36 kgm3. 8.45" a) -/M: -28,04 kg m1 6) /o,s:3,23 s; e) -/":3,338 kgm2. 8.46. J*:

14,3 m/s.:: 8.36. jrE--0,0307"

M.i.unnsMtr. M., Maruuuocrpoenra-e, 1975' ll. ii;;t" ;;;;t " b.-ii. t2. k-;;;;snnou C. Fl. Teopus MexaHa3MoB It MauII,H' M', MamrnocrPoe-

10.

i;;;;;il;; laapurleHKo

A. u ap. Teopprg --n',rp.

Mexaglr3MoB'

M', Brtcmar rur<-oaa' 1973'

:-7,633kgm'-rpr6ea

Aa ce orueMe

or

Macl{re Ha arperara.

nne' l9{6. t3, KoircraHrrauos M. C., A I-- BppIra3oe, B' Q' 4n-15^"s' oHc Ea Mexasn3MHre u Maltll"rte-sanncxn. BMEtl 'JIesuH', C" 1978'
16. o3o-;-b.''l. t.opnt MexauusMoB ll Mauun. M., Hayxa, 1984' ra. d ap,-e"*o"oncrBo 3a xypcoBo nioerrr.rpaxe ii: [;;;;n.
MarrrHH.

Teo-'
I&

,4,eeema ?raya

11. ii';""or.i i-6n c. lt. T{tM-npoerrupoaalrHe. M., Bncruas nrro'ra, 1970" 15. I[: s]rrct{aa O. H., H. 14' JIeBIlrcrrEfi' Kypc reopuu MexaE}l3MoB

cn:280".'b.1.3. mr:48,3 kg; cr:160o; tnrr:36,7 kg; urrr:179"'

9.r. Feuresa. 9.2. mr:0,695 kg; zrr:1,90 kg- 9.3. rzr:$,5 kg. 9.4. mt-4,875kg; *"*:! kg; [12,,,-0,4 kg' 9'5' mr:3kg; rnrrr:4kg;' Ios: 13+ mm. 9.6.-fr:1,5 kg; tfl.rrr:2,79 kg; le5:145 mm. 9.7. 9.8. Perueua. 9.9. tfln-11,8 kg; an:28o--orqelH cnpruo 71c 9.10 rtr:5,38 kg; ao:'30o-orqereH cnpsMo {. S.f f . frr:2,05 kg; c,: :220"; mrr:5,05 kg; crr:260".9.12. ffit:2 kg; or:102"; ntrr:xl kg:

M., Bucruan rurola,

1975.

1978.

no TMM"

c"

Tcxnsxa,

A=51

264

265,

{f)

'/ ,/
/

Ocua zaasa, !,nnguara tra Hatuuntrre

8.1. 8.2. 8.3.

cbAbPll{AHr,rE

.[unblrsqan Moae,r. IIpHeer{AaEe Ha cl{rllt H MacH ' Onoea.e,rqHe Ha aBlt)I(engeto lra Maludflen arpefar Pexr,rrtr ga 4Bl.t)KeHHe. MarosHx

' ' ' i '

'
Maxoa[Ka

147

t47
148

8.{.

ga Mrtou"* opn *aneua""qtln H rto3t{Illlonull cx"llt' Mgcro

rJ'IaBa "

r52
154

3alaqu KaM ocMa

t50

l.l Kuxeruarnqsnasbnulr ., :. 1.2. Crcrassrie Ha KlilreMartiqax cxeMr.r I.3. Crenesn Ha cso6oAa Ha Mexarrri3uure " . 1.4. Kr:seuaruqno npeo6pasynane Ea Mexan.lr3Ml{re " . . 1.5. Crpyxrypen crpoex r lrpyrrypna raacu$vxauur Ha paBnfiudnre MexaHH3Mri 3aAaqu Kr,M nbpBa rnsBa
2.1. 2.2, 2.3. 2,4.
B

Ilz,paa enaaa. Crpyxrypa.

u x.nacnsnxaqufl Ha Mexannotr$Te

3 S 3 4 4
5

i
L

:9.1.

9.2.

,neeema z,aaaa. YpaaltoBecqBaHe Ha MexaHfiSMsre Vpaauorecneage Ha paBuxHEI{ nocroBl, MexaHI'l3Mtl VpaanonecnnaHe Ha BT'prfiurI.t ce Macfl 3aAaqn KaM AeBera rilaBa . . .

l82
182
186 188

I
I ,:
:

13.1. Paepa6orBaHe Ha pa3,nena aHaJlI'I3 Ha JIocroB MexaHU3'bD! 10.2. Patpalorraue Ha paslena ctlrlre3 Ha rap6nueH MexaHI{3'L'M

lracr I or (ypcoBara palecema e.aaea flpwwepHu IrSn'bJIHeHus Ha 6ora no TMftt. Aganss n cBHTeB Ha paBlluHeH MexaHll3'LM

t93

i99 2\3
222

{eHrprTHaporaurrfl ;,

mopa e,,raea. KureuarnqeH auart4g Ha'nnexaulrguure filau na nonoxeHfiero. AHarHs Ha MexaHn3ulrre fiocpeacmoM rHarpawr Krsen.larurres alraxus qpe3 rrJlasoBe Ha cxopoc{Itre H ycxopeur.rsra AHalurnqua KLIHeMaraKa Ha Mexanugnrltre Molrenrsn qenrpu Ha poraqlrq. KuHeuarEqes ananl4g qpe3 MoMeHTHI,I

2Ar 2& 48 4& 50i 5l

l7 l9

17[
,'l

11.1. Paaira6orraHe Ha pasaeJra clanre3 Ha st6ttt ltexauir3au it.Z. t,rrirrcorBaHe Ha pil3aeJIR lllrilaMiijqso a3c,lelillai{ir 11a MallliiseH arperar Orroncpa Ha 3a{aqi{Te
JIilre paryPa

qact I! ilr xypcsBa' Eduu^adecema z,taaa llpumepntr H3nt,fiHeunfi Ha e'a pa6ora no Tft{M. AHa.'loe ,i c[IHreB Ha MaudHeH arpelar

t9i

236 261 265

3aAaqn KbM BTopa rJIaBa

. .
.

22i ii
i
lt
;,.

3.1. 3.2.

Tpema etaaa. C[ures Ha Eapnnpno-J!(rcTonn MexaHrrBMIl OcnonnH Baaaqu Ha cnnresa , . CneAesnn or reolterpnfiTa ua MexasnsMure 3aaaqu x6M Tpgra rnaBa

;
,1.

4.1. Ilrax,rorpaua Ha ABHxeHHcro . . 4.2. Hs6op na 3axon Ha ABuxeuite 4.3, OcHosflE pasMeplr u npoQunrpaHe xa rrp6u'*tr4
4.4.

Vemenpmaznaaa. f'npfttqHuMexaHHBMLr

....:
Mexalrlrsul

57 c/ 5Et

r:,

.f

3aaaqg KaM qerBapra rnaBa

A[anmi{{Ho npoQn,rupane Ha r6p6nqHl4

Mexaur.rsMu

64i
72 76
::
ii'

;,

6,1. 5,2.

Krseraarura sa o6sxsonenu H euuuuxruqga sr6Hs Mexegu;ur{ r . : . llo46updHe ra Spoa Ha sr6nre Ha enu,rthr(nuqur gr6nn Mcxaxrr3un , . 3aaaqa KIM fiera r,'raBa

Ilema zaaea, Knnenrarnr<a tla Bb6Hg Mexanl3ttlf .

86
95

80 S0 83

'l
1

ji

6.1. Esolreurno gr6xo aaqensaue , 6,2, @opuoo6pasyBase lra sr6xo xorero 6es nsMecrsaHe H flyJleBa npeAaBfta 6.3. Orpanuuerrq npu eBonBexrgoro 3aqeflBage. Eno.rnenrso ar,6no xo.neao 6.4. 3r6na
c
g3MecTBaEe

Illecma ettaaa. leomerpuqen cnHTeB Ha st6Ho gauenBaHe .

. r !

npeaarxa c H3MocrBarre

3aAaqn KBM rrrecra rnapE

..

. . . r . ., . : .
. . .
.

95 99 100
t02
106 113

',I

I
l

Cedua zrtaaa. Ctmoe auaJxu3 Ha paBHllHHIl MexaHDSMH

7.t. ktxepunouun cu.nu

7.2. 7.3. 7.4. 7.5.

Konuexrpaunf,HaMaclr

kTneamnt peEKq[n B xnneMarnrrgure jqBol,rqu

. ...

:.

I13

Feaann peaxqnu B paBHHHHHTe MexaHHsMH KoeQuuuenr Ha uoJregno aeficrB?re 3aAaqn Kau ceaMa rraBa ,

ll5
118

114
I

l2l

r20
i

267
li
,.{ ,I

266

li

{li

_q|lG

fIA

PbKOBOACIBO 3A KyPCOBO flPOEKTI4PAHE.IIOaTEOpt4f

MEXAHI4SMI4TE 14 MAIIII4HI,ITE
\

ABTopff: AorI. K. T. u, zux. Eemtp Haanoa Llenoe Aou. H. T. n, wnx. .I,odpu Kynea Kapadunumooa

.
'PeueHgesrn:

i. r. n. rex.
K. T. H.

HartzoHarsocr

wsx. Heaa flemrcoe Saamuuoa Aoqr K, T, a, uttr.. Cme$an 6opucoe [faeaoe nor{. uHx. AneftedHdtp feopeues Bpazaaos

unx. feopzu 6epoe

.no6pu ljeemxoe'flambol'
Kzuuee

Bropo npepa6oreHo

6urapcra

H3aaHue

xoa 0r
{4sa. M

9534622511

l6bs=6r:8815621

HayqeH pe.4akrop nAx, Enunun I'Inaeea

't"
I
i

Xy,IoNecrsex peAaKrop,Qocn -Jlocee T6xuzclcxH pi6"ioi't6"ir-fiipoixoea Kopexrop Cinanrca em aNamoea

.D.aaesa sa na6op Ha 23.

Xyaoxanx Padna

Texeaa

flo4ntrcaHa 3a treqar M. oKToMBpH lg88 Vstnzta or treqar M. oxroMBpu 1988 r. OopMar 60X90i16

XII.

1987

r,

r,

nec. KonH 23,90 Vza. xotu 25,01 yt4K 26,96

Tupax 8000-P86 .l-{ena 1,48 rr,

JhpxaBHo u3aareJcrBo "TexHHKa",6y,l. PycxH 6, Co&rs illlpxaBHa ne,raTHUl{a,f . IuMUTpoB", flM6on